:        **** DOS Batch ****            ECHO  Subcommandsy the label name.
-
Format:  -       **** DOS Batch ****            ECHO  Subcommandsy the label name.
-
Format:  QPurpose: To allow or inhibit the screen display of DOS commands executed from aFormat:  P         batch file. The ECHO subcommand does not interfere with messages pro-aFormat:  0         duced while the commands are executing.not interfere with messages pro-aFormat:  -        duced while the commands are executing.not interfere with messages pro-aFormat:   Format:  ECHO [ON/OFF/message]s are executing.not interfere with messages pro-aFormat:  -Format:  ECHO [ON/OFF/message]s are executing.not interfere with messages pro-aFormat:  <Remarks: ECHO is ON at power-on or after a system reset.e with messages pro-aFormat:  Q         ECHO ON causes all the commands to be displayed on the standard outputFormat:  %         device as they are executed.mands to be displayed on the standard outputFormat:  S         ECHO OFF causes DOS not to display the commands (including the REM co-rmat:  %         mmand) as they are executed. display the commands (including the REM co-rmat:  N         Echo message displays "message" on the standard output device regard- co-rmat:  6         less of the current ECHO state (ON or OFF).rd output device regard- co-rmat:  P         If ECHO is issued with no parameters, the current ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:           OFF) is displayed.d with no parameters, the current ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  -        OFF) is displayed.d with no parameters, the current ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  Type:    Internalsplayed.d with no parameters, the current ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  -Type:    Internalsplayed.d with no parameters, the current ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  ~Type:    Internalsplayed.d with no parameters, the current ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  7        **** DOS Batch ****           FOR  Subcommandrrent ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  -       **** DOS Batch ****           FOR  Subcommandrrent ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  ;Purpose: To produce iterative processing of DOS commands.t ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  -Purpose: To produce iterative processing of DOS commands.t ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  -Format:  FOR %%variable IN (set) DO command DOS commands.t ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  -Format:  FOR %%variable IN (set) DO command DOS commands.t ECHO state (ON orco-rmat:  QRemarks: The %%variable is sequentially set to each component of set and theno-rmat:  O         the command is executed. If a component of set is an expression invol-eno-rmat:  U         ving * or ?, then %%variable is set to each matching filename from theat:           disk.* or ?, then %%variable is set to each matching filename from theat:  N         The FOR subcommands cannot be nested, that is there can be only onerom theat:  ,         FOR subcommand on a command line.ted, that is there can be only onerom theat:  4         Path names are not accepted with filenames.t is there can be only onerom theat:  -        Path names are not accepted with filenames.t is there can be only onerom theat:  >Example: FOR %%f IN (progr1.asm progr2.asm progr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:  
         %%f %%f IN (progr1.asm progr2.asm progr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:  /             will produce the following output:gr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:                  dir progr1.asmfollowing output:gr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:                  dir progr2.asmfollowing output:gr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:                  dir progr3.asmfollowing output:gr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:  -               dir progr3.asmfollowing output:gr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:  Type:    Internal progr3.asmfollowing output:gr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:  -Type:    Internal progr3.asmfollowing output:gr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:  ~Type:    Internal progr3.asmfollowing output:gr3.asm) DO dir can be only onerom theat:  9        **** DOS Batch ****            GOTO  SubcommandO dir can be only onerom theat:  -       **** DOS Batch ****            GOTO  SubcommandO dir can be only onerom theat:  PPurpose: To transfer control to the line following the one containing the app-m theat:  M         ropriate label. A label is inserted in a batch file as a colon (:)pp-m theat:  $         followed by the label name.inserted in a batch file as a colon (:)pp-m theat:  -        followed by the label name.inserted in a batch file as a colon (:)pp-m theat:  Format:  GOTO labelthe label name.inserted in a batch file as a colon (:)pp-m theat:  -Format:  GOTO labelthe label name.inserted in a batch file as a colon (:)pp-m theat:  NRemarks: If the label is not defined, the current batch file terminates withp-m theat:  '         the message Label not found. the current batch file terminates withp-m theat:  E         In a label name only the first 8 characters are significant.ates withp-m theat:  -        In a label name only the first 8 characters are significant.ates withp-m theat:  Example: :STARTbel name only the first 8 characters are significant.ates withp-m theat:  "         rem goto branches here...first 8 characters are significant.ates withp-m theat:           GOTO STARTanches here...first 8 characters are significant.ates withp-m theat:  -        GOTO STARTanches here...first 8 characters are significant.ates withp-m theat:  Type:    Internalanches here...first 8 characters are significant.ates withp-m theat:  -Type:    Internalanches here...first 8 characters are significant.ates withp-m theat:  ~Type:    Internalanches here...first 8 characters are significant.ates withp-m theat:  7        **** DOS Batch ****             IF Subcommande significant.ates withp-m theat:  -       **** DOS Batch ****             IF Subcommande significant.ates withp-m theat:  RPurpose: The IF subcommand allows conditional execution of DOS commands in thetheat:           batch file.subcommand allows conditional execution of DOS commands in thetheat:  -        batch file.subcommand allows conditional execution of DOS commands in thetheat:  %Format:  IF [NOT] condition command conditional execution of DOS commands in thetheat:  -Format:  IF [NOT] condition command conditional execution of DOS commands in thetheat:  ?Remarks: The condition parameter can be one of the following:DOS commands in thetheat:  &                   ERRORLEVEL number be one of the following:DOS commands in thetheat:  %                   string1==string2 be one of the following:DOS commands in thetheat:  #                   EXIST filespec2 be one of the following:DOS commands in thetheat:  M         The command is executed when the IF parameter's condition is true,n thetheat:  K         otherwise the command is skipped, and the following command in thee,n thetheat:           file is executed.mand is skipped, and the following command in thee,n thetheat:  Q         The optional NOT after IF causes the condition to be true when it isetheat:  *         false, and false when it is true.ses the condition to be true when it isetheat:  P         ERRORLEVEL number is true if the previous program had an exit code ofsetheat:  H         number or higher. The number is specified as a decimal value. code ofsetheat:  G         String1==string2 is true when string1 is identical to string2.. code ofsetheat:  N         EXIST filespec is true if filespec is found on the specified drive.ofsetheat:  6         Path names are not allowed with the filespec. on the specified drive.ofsetheat:  -        Path names are not allowed with the filespec. on the specified drive.ofsetheat:  Type:    Internal are not allowed with the filespec. on the specified drive.ofsetheat:  -Type:    Internal are not allowed with the filespec. on the specified drive.ofsetheat:  ~Type:    Internal are not allowed with the filespec. on the specified drive.ofsetheat:  :        **** DOS Batch ****            PAUSE  Subcommandthe specified drive.ofsetheat:  -       **** DOS Batch ****            PAUSE  Subcommandthe specified drive.ofsetheat:  LPurpose: To display the system processing and display Strike any key whene.ofsetheat:           ready.....y the system processing and display Strike any key whene.ofsetheat:  -        ready.....y the system processing and display Strike any key whene.ofsetheat:  Format:  PAUSE [remark] system processing and display Strike any key whene.ofsetheat:  -Format:  PAUSE [remark] system processing and display Strike any key whene.ofsetheat:  QRemarks: If you include the optional remark, it will also be displayed when theetheat:  Q         PAUSE subcommand is executed. The remark can be any string of chars upetheat:           to 121 bytes long. is executed. The remark can be any string of chars upetheat:  <         To end processing of a batch file press Ctrl-Break.ny string of chars upetheat:  O         To continue processing of a batch file press any key except Ctrl-Breakupetheat:  -        To continue processing of a batch file press any key except Ctrl-Breakupetheat:  Type:    Internale processing of a batch file press any key except Ctrl-Breakupetheat:  -Type:    Internale processing of a batch file press any key except Ctrl-Breakupetheat:  ~Type:    Internale processing of a batch file press any key except Ctrl-Breakupetheat:  B        **** DOS Batch ****            REM  (Remark)  Subcommandpt Ctrl-Breakupetheat:  -       **** DOS Batch ****            REM  (Remark)  Subcommandpt Ctrl-Breakupetheat:  KPurpose: To display remarks from within the batch file when the executionreakupetheat:  '         reaches the remark subcommand.in the batch file when the executionreakupetheat:  -        reaches the remark subcommand.in the batch file when the executionreakupetheat:  Format:  REM [remark]mark subcommand.in the batch file when the executionreakupetheat:  -Format:  REM [remark]mark subcommand.in the batch file when the executionreakupetheat:  IRemarks: A remark can be any string of characters up to 123 bytes long.onreakupetheat:  -Remarks: A remark can be any string of characters up to 123 bytes long.onreakupetheat:  Type:    Internal can be any string of characters up to 123 bytes long.onreakupetheat:  -Type:    Internal can be any string of characters up to 123 bytes long.onreakupetheat:  ~Type:    Internal can be any string of characters up to 123 bytes long.onreakupetheat:  :        **** DOS Batch ****            SHIFT  Subcommand123 bytes long.onreakupetheat:  -       **** DOS Batch ****            SHIFT  Subcommand123 bytes long.onreakupetheat:  MPurpose: To allow command lines to make use of more than 10 (%0 through %9)akupetheat:            replaceable parameters.s to make use of more than 10 (%0 through %9)akupetheat:  -        replaceable parameters.s to make use of more than 10 (%0 through %9)akupetheat:  Format:  SHIFTable parameters.s to make use of more than 10 (%0 through %9)akupetheat:  -Format:  SHIFTable parameters.s to make use of more than 10 (%0 through %9)akupetheat:  =Remarks: Replaceable parameters are numbered %0 through %9. (%0 through %9)akupetheat:  K         All parameters on the command line are shifted one position to the9)akupetheat:  F         left, thus the %0 parameter is replaced by %1 parameter, etc.o the9)akupetheat:  J         In order to use more than 10 parameters on a command line you maye9)akupetheat:  =         use the SHIFT to get at parameters past the tenth. line you maye9)akupetheat:  -        use the SHIFT to get at parameters past the tenth. line you maye9)akupetheat:  Type:    InternalHIFT to get at parameters past the tenth. line you maye9)akupetheat:  -Type:    InternalHIFT to get at parameters past the tenth. line you maye9)akupetheat:  ~Type:    InternalHIFT to get at parameters past the tenth. line you maye9)akupetheat:  @        **** DOS EDLIN ****         A  (Append Lines)  Commandne you maye9)akupetheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****         A  (Append Lines)  Commandne you maye9)akupetheat:  QPurpose: Appends the specified number of lines from disk to the file in memory.etheat:  -Purpose: Appends the specified number of lines from disk to the file in memory.etheat:  Format:  [n]Ands the specified number of lines from disk to the file in memory.etheat:  -Format:  [n]Ands the specified number of lines from disk to the file in memory.etheat:  QRemarks: Use this command if the file being edited is too large to fit in memo-etheat:  Q         ry. When EDLIN starts, as many lines as possible are read into memory.etheat:  N         To edit lines that will not fit into memory, you must first write thery.etheat:  K         edited lines in memory to disk, before you can load unedited linesthery.etheat:  8         from disk into memory by using the A command.load unedited linesthery.etheat:  L         If you do not specify  how many lines are to be appended, lines arehery.etheat:  9         appended until the available memory is 75% full.appended, lines arehery.etheat:  N         When the last line of the file has been read into memory, the messagery.etheat:  *         End of input file is displayed.s been read into memory, the messagery.etheat:  -        End of input file is displayed.s been read into memory, the messagery.etheat:  ~        End of input file is displayed.s been read into memory, the messagery.etheat:  ?        **** DOS EDLIN ****          C  (Copy Lines)  Commandry, the messagery.etheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****          C  (Copy Lines)  Commandry, the messagery.etheat:  PPurpose: To copy the lines in the specified range to the line number specified.etheat:  N         by the third line parameter. The operation is repeated the number  ofed.etheat:  9         times specified in the fourth parameter (count).peated the number  ofed.etheat:  -        times specified in the fourth parameter (count).peated the number  ofed.etheat:  &Format:  [line],[line],line[,count]C parameter (count).peated the number  ofed.etheat:  -Format:  [line],[line],line[,count]C parameter (count).peated the number  ofed.etheat:  ORemarks: The new data will be placed ahead of the line specified by the thirdd.etheat:           parameter.data will be placed ahead of the line specified by the thirdd.etheat:  )         The third parameter is required.ead of the line specified by the thirdd.etheat:  +         The parameter count defaults to 1.d of the line specified by the thirdd.etheat:  N         If the first or the last parameter is omitted, the default is the cu-dd.etheat:  M         rrent line. This will copy the current line to the line specified by-dd.etheat:           the third parameter.l copy the current line to the line specified by-dd.etheat:  E         After a C command the file will be renumbered accordingly.ified by-dd.etheat:  -        After a C command the file will be renumbered accordingly.ified by-dd.etheat:  PExample: 2,6,9C      will copy lines 2 through 6 to line 9. Line 9 will become.etheat:  &                     the current line. 2 through 6 to line 9. Line 9 will become.etheat:  -                    the current line. 2 through 6 to line 9. Line 9 will become.etheat:  ~                    the current line. 2 through 6 to line 9. Line 9 will become.etheat:  C        **** DOS EDLIN ****            D  (Delete Lines)  Command9 will become.etheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****            D  (Delete Lines)  Command9 will become.etheat:  4Purpose: To delete the lines in a specified range.ines)  Command9 will become.etheat:  -Purpose: To delete the lines in a specified range.ines)  Command9 will become.etheat:  Format:  [line][,line]Dlines in a specified range.ines)  Command9 will become.etheat:  -Format:  [line][,line]Dlines in a specified range.ines)  Command9 will become.etheat:  PRemarks: The line following the delete range becomes the current line, even if.etheat:  <         the deleted range includes the last line in memory.urrent line, even if.etheat:  E         After a D command the file will be renumbered accordingly.ne, even if.etheat:  K         If one or both parameters are not supplied, default parameters areen if.etheat:           supplied as follows:eters are not supplied, default parameters areen if.etheat:  N              If the first parameter is omitted, as in  ,lineD  the deletionif.etheat:  N              starts with the current line and ends with the line specified byif.etheat:  L              the second parameter. The beginning comma is required in orderbyif.etheat:  6              to indicate the omitted first parameter.a is required in orderbyif.etheat:  O              If the the second parameter is omitted, as in lineD or line,Df.etheat:  :              then only the one specified line is deleted.n lineD or line,Df.etheat:  P              If both parameters are omitted, as in  D , then only the current.etheat:  O              line is deleted, and the following line becomes the current line.t.etheat:  -             line is deleted, and the following line becomes the current line.t.etheat:  ~             line is deleted, and the following line becomes the current line.t.etheat:  =        **** DOS EDLIN ****            (Edit Line)  Command the current line.t.etheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****            (Edit Line)  Command the current line.t.etheat:  PPurpose: To allow editing of a line of text. You must enter the line number of.etheat:  O         the line to be edited, or enter a period (.) to indicate the currentf.etheat:           line.ine to be edited, or enter a period (.) to indicate the currentf.etheat:  -        line.ine to be edited, or enter a period (.) to indicate the currentf.etheat:  Format:  [line] to be edited, or enter a period (.) to indicate the currentf.etheat:  -Format:  [line] to be edited, or enter a period (.) to indicate the currentf.etheat:  ERemarks: To edit the line after the current line, just press enter.he currentf.etheat:  N         When you press Enter, the edited line is placed in the file, and ittf.etheat:  "         becomes the current line.he edited line is placed in the file, and ittf.etheat:  K         If you decide not to save the changed line just press either Esc ittf.etheat:  L         or Ctrl-Break or press the Enter key while having the cursor atittf.etheat:  #         the beginning of the line.he Enter key while having the cursor atittf.etheat:  M         If the cursor is in any position other than the beginning or the endttf.etheat:  G         of the line, pressing Enter will erase the rest of the line.he endttf.etheat:  -        of the line, pressing Enter will erase the rest of the line.he endttf.etheat:  >        **** DOS EDLIN ****           E  (End Edit)  Commandthe line.he endttf.etheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****           E  (End Edit)  Commandthe line.he endttf.etheat:  OPurpose: Ends EDLIN and saves the edited file. The old file is given an exte-f.etheat:             ntion of .BAK .saves the edited file. The old file is given an exte-f.etheat:  -          ntion of .BAK .saves the edited file. The old file is given an exte-f.etheat:  Format:  Etion of .BAK .saves the edited file. The old file is given an exte-f.etheat:  -Format:  Etion of .BAK .saves the edited file. The old file is given an exte-f.etheat:  ~Format:  Etion of .BAK .saves the edited file. The old file is given an exte-f.etheat:  B        **** DOS EDLIN ****           I  (Insert Lines)  Commandiven an exte-f.etheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****           I  (Insert Lines)  Commandiven an exte-f.etheat:  NPurpose: To insert lines of text immediately before the specified line. When-f.etheat:  O         a new file is created, the Insert Lines command must be invoked beforef.etheat:           text can be inserted., the Insert Lines command must be invoked beforef.etheat:  -        text can be inserted., the Insert Lines command must be invoked beforef.etheat:  Format:  [line]Ibe inserted., the Insert Lines command must be invoked beforef.etheat:  -Format:  [line]Ibe inserted., the Insert Lines command must be invoked beforef.etheat:  PRemarks: If you do not specify a line, or if the line is specified as a period.etheat:  E         (.), the new lines will be inserted immediately before theas a period.etheat:           current line.w lines will be inserted immediately before theas a period.etheat:  J         If the line number specified is greater than the highest existingperiod.etheat:  M         line number, or if the line is specified as # , the insertion williod.etheat:  /         be made after the last line in memory.ed as # , the insertion williod.etheat:  B         In order to terminate the insert mode press Ctrl-Break.ertion williod.etheat:  ?         After an insertion the file is renumbered accordingly.k.ertion williod.etheat:  O         An inserted line is ended by pressing Enter. After Enter was pressedd.etheat:  .         a successive line number will appear. Enter. After Enter was pressedd.etheat:  M         The line following the inserted lines becomes the current line, evenedd.etheat:  K         if the inserted lines are added to the end of the lines in memory.enedd.etheat:  -        if the inserted lines are added to the end of the lines in memory.enedd.etheat:  ~        if the inserted lines are added to the end of the lines in memory.enedd.etheat:  A        **** DOS EDLIN ****            L  (List Lines)  Commandin memory.enedd.etheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****            L  (List Lines)  Commandin memory.enedd.etheat:  1Purpose: To display a specified range of lines.Lines)  Commandin memory.enedd.etheat:  -Purpose: To display a specified range of lines.Lines)  Commandin memory.enedd.etheat:  Format:  [line][,line]Lpecified range of lines.Lines)  Commandin memory.enedd.etheat:  -Format:  [line][,line]Lpecified range of lines.Lines)  Commandin memory.enedd.etheat:  MRemarks: If the first parameter is omitted, as in ,lineL , the display ofedd.etheat:  I         lines starts 11 lines before the current line, and ends with they ofedd.etheat:  M         specified line. The beginning comma is required in order to indicateedd.etheat:  /         that the first parameter is omitted. required in order to indicateedd.etheat:  K         If the second parameter is omitted, as in lineL or line,L , 23teedd.etheat:  B         lines will be displayed starting with the specified line.e,L , 23teedd.etheat:  L         If both parameters are omitted, as in L , a total of 23 lines areeedd.etheat:  K         displayed: the 11 lines before the current line, the current line,eeedd.etheat:  5         and the 11 lines following the current line.ine, the current line,eeedd.etheat:  -        and the 11 lines following the current line.ine, the current line,eeedd.etheat:  ~        and the 11 lines following the current line.ine, the current line,eeedd.etheat:  B        **** DOS EDLIN ****             M  (Move Lines)  Commandent line,eeedd.etheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****             M  (Move Lines)  Commandent line,eeedd.etheat:  IPurpose: To move a range of lines specified by the first two parameterse,eeedd.etheat:  L         ahead of the line specified by the third parameter. The third para-eedd.etheat:           meter is required.specified by the third parameter. The third para-eedd.etheat:  -        meter is required.specified by the third parameter. The third para-eedd.etheat:  Format:  [line],[line],lineMcified by the third parameter. The third para-eedd.etheat:  -Format:  [line],[line],lineMcified by the third parameter. The third para-eedd.etheat:  NRemarks: If the first or the second parameter is omitted, it will default todd.etheat:           the current line. the second parameter is omitted, it will default todd.etheat:  O         After the move, the first of the moved lines becomes the current line.d.etheat:  I         The lines are renumbered according to the direction of the move. line.d.etheat:  ;         If parameters overlap, an error message is issued.n of the move. line.d.etheat:  -        If parameters overlap, an error message is issued.n of the move. line.d.etheat:  ~        If parameters overlap, an error message is issued.n of the move. line.d.etheat:  <        **** DOS EDLIN ****             P  (Page)  Command of the move. line.d.etheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****             P  (Page)  Command of the move. line.d.etheat:  -Purpose: To use a specified block of lines.Page)  Command of the move. line.d.etheat:  -Purpose: To use a specified block of lines.Page)  Command of the move. line.d.etheat:  Format:  [line][,line]Pfied block of lines.Page)  Command of the move. line.d.etheat:  -Format:  [line][,line]Pfied block of lines.Page)  Command of the move. line.d.etheat:  JRemarks: If the first line parameter is omitted, it defaults to the lineline.d.etheat:  $         following the current line.er is omitted, it defaults to the lineline.d.etheat:  F         If the second line parameter is omitted, 23 lines are listed.lineline.d.etheat:  L         The last line displayed becomes the new current line, and is markedne.d.etheat:            with an asterisk (*). becomes the new current line, and is markedne.d.etheat:  M         The P command differs from the L (list lines) command in that ite.d.etheat:  "         changes the current line.rom the L (list lines) command in that ite.d.etheat:  -        changes the current line.rom the L (list lines) command in that ite.d.etheat:  ~        changes the current line.rom the L (list lines) command in that ite.d.etheat:  B        **** DOS EDLIN ****              Q  (Quit Edit)  Command in that ite.d.etheat:  -       **** DOS EDLIN ****              Q  (Quit Edit)  Command in that ite.d.etheat:  ?Purpose: To quit the editing session without saving the file.nd in that ite.d.etheat:  -Purpose: To quit the editing session without saving the file.nd in that ite.d.etheat:  Format: QTo quit the editing session without saving the file.nd in that ite.d.etheat:  -Format: QTo quit the editing session without saving the file.nd in that ite.d.etheat:  NRemarks: EDLIN will prompt you to make sure that you do not want to save the.d.etheat:           file.IN will prompt you to make sure that you do not want to save the.d.etheat:  M         Entering Y will quit the editing session, the editing changes wille.d.etheat:  :         not be saved, and no .BAK file will be created.diting changes wille.d.etheat:  O         Entering N or any other character will not quit the editing session.d.etheat:  -        Entering N or any other character will not quit the editing session.d.etheat:  ~        Entering N or any other character will not quit the editing session.d.etheat:  E       **** DOS EDLIN ****               R  (Replace Text)  Commandg session.d.etheat:  -      **** DOS EDLIN ****               R  (Replace Text)  Commandg session.d.etheat:  PPurpose: To replace all occurrences of the first string in the specified range.etheat:  )         of lines with the second string.the first string in the specified range.etheat:  -        of lines with the second string.the first string in the specified range.etheat:  0Format:  [line][,line][?]R[string][<F6>string]st string in the specified range.etheat:  -Format:  [line][,line][?]R[string][<F6>string]st string in the specified range.etheat:  MRemarks: If the second string is omitted, EDLIN will delete all occurrencesnge.etheat:  A         of the first string within the specified range of lines. occurrencesnge.etheat:  N         If both strings are omitted, EDLIN will reuse the search string ente-ge.etheat:  N         red with the previous S or R command, and the replace text stringge.etheat:  '         entered with the previous R.R command, and the replace text stringge.etheat:  P         If the meaning of F6 (Function-key-6) was changed, then use Ctrl-Z..etheat:  8         The last line changed becomes the current line.nged, then use Ctrl-Z..etheat:  E         EDLIN displays the changed lines each time they are changed.e Ctrl-Z..etheat:  O         You can specify the optional parameter ? to receive a O.K.? prompt..etheat:  M         after each display of a modified line. Press Y to keep the change.pt..etheat:  N         If you omit the first line parameter, the search begins with the linet..etheat:  $         following the current line.parameter, the search begins with the linet..etheat:  M         If you omit the second line parameter, the search ends with the lastet..etheat:           line in memory. second line parameter, the search ends with the lastet..etheat:  K         If you omit both line parameters, the search starts with the line stet..etheat:  N         following the current line, and it ends with the last line in memory.t..etheat:  -        following the current line, and it ends with the last line in memory.t..etheat:  ~        following the current line, and it ends with the last line in memory.t..etheat:  D       **** DOS EDLIN ****               S  (Search Text)  Commandin memory.t..etheat:  -      **** DOS EDLIN ****               S  (Search Text)  Commandin memory.t..etheat:  JPurpose: To locate a specified string within a specified range of lines.ory.t..etheat:  -Purpose: To locate a specified string within a specified range of lines.ory.t..etheat:  $Format:  [line][,line][?]S[string]ing within a specified range of lines.ory.t..etheat:  -Format:  [line][,line][?]S[string]ing within a specified range of lines.ory.t..etheat:  MRemarks: The S command is case dependent, that is, it searches for UPPER-.t..etheat:  K         CASE if you enter UPPERCASE, and lowercase if you enter lowercase.R-.t..etheat:  N         Unless you use the ? parameter, the search ends when the first linet..etheat:  2         that contains the search string is found.rch ends when the first linet..etheat:  O         You can specify the optional parameter ? to receive a O.K.? prompt..etheat:  @         after each display a line containing the search string. O.K.? prompt..etheat:  L         If you do not specify a search string, the S command will use thempt..etheat:  9         string entered with the last R or S command.ommand will use thempt..etheat:  N         If you omit the first line parameter, the search begins with the linet..etheat:  $         following the current line.parameter, the search begins with the linet..etheat:  M         If you omit the second line parameter, the search ends with the lastet..etheat:           line in memory. second line parameter, the search ends with the lastet..etheat:  -        line in memory. second line parameter, the search ends with the lastet..etheat:  ~        line in memory. second line parameter, the search ends with the lastet..etheat:  E       **** DOS EDLIN ****             T  (Transfer Lines)  Commandthe lastet..etheat:  -      **** DOS EDLIN ****             T  (Transfer Lines)  Commandthe lastet..etheat:  JPurpose: To merge the contents of a specified file into the file that isastet..etheat:            currently being edited. of a specified file into the file that isastet..etheat:  -        currently being edited. of a specified file into the file that isastet..etheat:  $Format:  [line]T[d:]filename[.ext]a specified file into the file that isastet..etheat:  -Format:  [line]T[d:]filename[.ext]a specified file into the file that isastet..etheat:  ORemarks: The file to be merged is inserted ahead of the line parameter in the..etheat:           file being edited.erged is inserted ahead of the line parameter in the..etheat:  D         If the line parameter is omitted, the current line is used.eter in the..etheat:  M         The file to merge must be in the current directory on the default orhe..etheat:  G         on the specified drive. If a path was specified when the EDLINult orhe..etheat:  .         was RUN, then that path will be used. specified when the EDLINult orhe..etheat:  -        was RUN, then that path will be used. specified when the EDLINult orhe..etheat:  ~        was RUN, then that path will be used. specified when the EDLINult orhe..etheat:  C       **** DOS EDLIN ****              W  (Write Lines)  CommandDLINult orhe..etheat:  -      **** DOS EDLIN ****              W  (Write Lines)  CommandDLINult orhe..etheat:  OPurpose: To write a specified number of lines from the lines that are curren-..etheat:  O         tly being edited in memory, to diskette. The lines are written beginn-..etheat:           ing with line 1. in memory, to diskette. The lines are written beginn-..etheat:  -        ing with line 1. in memory, to diskette. The lines are written beginn-..etheat:  Format:  [n]Wth line 1. in memory, to diskette. The lines are written beginn-..etheat:  -Format:  [n]Wth line 1. in memory, to diskette. The lines are written beginn-..etheat:  NRemarks: Use this command if the file you are editing is too large to fit in-..etheat:  K         memory. When EDLIN starts running, it reads lines until the memory in-..etheat:           is 75% full. EDLIN starts running, it reads lines until the memory in-..etheat:  L         To edit lines that do not fit into memory, first write edited linesin-..etheat:  L         from memory to diskette, and then load unedited lines from diskettein-..etheat:  -         with the A (append lines) command.ad unedited lines from diskettein-..etheat:  M         If you do not specify the number of lines to write, EDLIN will writen-..etheat:  M         lines until 25% of available memory is used. No action will be takenn-..etheat:  :         however, if memory used is already less than 25%.ction will be takenn-..etheat:  M         After the W command is performed, the remaining lines are renumbe-n-..etheat:  >         red, so that the first remaining line becomes line 1.es are renumbe-n-..etheat:  -        red, so that the first remaining line becomes line 1.es are renumbe-n-..etheat:  ~        red, so that the first remaining line becomes line 1.es are renumbe-n-..etheat:  A       **** DOS DEBUG ****               A  (Assemble)  Commandare renumbe-n-..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****               A  (Assemble)  Commandare renumbe-n-..etheat:  LPurpose: Assembles IBM-PC Macro Assembler language statements into memory.-n-..etheat:  -Purpose: Assembles IBM-PC Macro Assembler language statements into memory.-n-..etheat:  Format:  A[address]IBM-PC Macro Assembler language statements into memory.-n-..etheat:  -Format:  A[address]IBM-PC Macro Assembler language statements into memory.-n-..etheat:  JRemarks: The parameters to the A command must be given in hexadecimal.y.-n-..etheat:  J         The statements are assembled into memory at successive locations,y.-n-..etheat:  :         starting with the address specified in address.ssive locations,y.-n-..etheat:  I         If you do not supply the address parameter, the statements are,y.-n-..etheat:  J         assembled into the area at CS:0100, if the A command was previ-y.-n-..etheat:  J         ously issued, or into the location following the last instructiony.-n-..etheat:  -         assembled by a previous A command.ollowing the last instructiony.-n-..etheat:  J         After all the desired statements have been entered, press Entery.-n-..etheat:  I         when you are prompted for the next statement, in order to returny.-n-..etheat:           to the DEBUG prompt.d for the next statement, in order to returny.-n-..etheat:  H         If you enter an invalid statement, DEBUG will issue: /\Error.ny.-n-..etheat:  I         Values are entered in hex, 1-4 characters. Prefix mnemonics musty.-n-..etheat:  H         be entered in front of their opcode, or on a separate line. Thety.-n-..etheat:  G         segment override statements are: CS:, DS:, ES: and SS:. Stringety.-n-..etheat:  K         manipulation mnemonics must state the string size. Memory operands.-n-..etheat:  -         must be enclosed in square brackets.e string size. Memory operands.-n-..etheat:  -        must be enclosed in square brackets.e string size. Memory operands.-n-..etheat:  ~        must be enclosed in square brackets.e string size. Memory operands.-n-..etheat:  @       **** DOS DEBUG ****               C  (Compare)  Commandry operands.-n-..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****               C  (Compare)  Commandry operands.-n-..etheat:  CPurpose: Compares the contents of two specified blocks of memory.operands.-n-..etheat:  -Purpose: Compares the contents of two specified blocks of memory.operands.-n-..etheat:  Format:  C range addressntents of two specified blocks of memory.operands.-n-..etheat:  -Format:  C range addressntents of two specified blocks of memory.operands.-n-..etheat:  KRemarks: If the comparison process finds bytes that are not equal, their .-n-..etheat:  D         addresses and contents are displayed in the following form: their .-n-..etheat:  3                    address1 byte1 byte2 address2e following form: their .-n-..etheat:  J         where address1 byte1 refers to the location and contents of the .-n-..etheat:  K         mismatching locations in range, while byte2 address2 refers to.-n-..etheat:  #         the byte found in address.range, while byte2 address2 refers to.-n-..etheat:  J         If you enter only an offset for the beginning address of range,o.-n-..etheat:  N         DEBUG will assume the segment in the DS register. In order to specify-..etheat:  L         an ending address for range, enter it with only one offset value.fy-..etheat:  -        an ending address for range, enter it with only one offset value.fy-..etheat:  NExample: C 120L20 340       will compare the 32 bytes of memory beginning at-..etheat:  L                            DS:120, with the 32 bytes of memory beginning atat-..etheat:  #                            DS:340. with the 32 bytes of memory beginning atat-..etheat:  -                           DS:340. with the 32 bytes of memory beginning atat-..etheat:  ~                           DS:340. with the 32 bytes of memory beginning atat-..etheat:  ;       **** DOS DEBUG ****             D  (Dump)  Commandmory beginning atat-..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****             D  (Dump)  Commandmory beginning atat-..etheat:  :Purpose: To display the contents of a portion of memory.mory beginning atat-..etheat:  -Purpose: To display the contents of a portion of memory.mory beginning atat-..etheat:  Format:  D[address] the contents of a portion of memory.mory beginning atat-..etheat:                oress] the contents of a portion of memory.mory beginning atat-..etheat:            D[range] the contents of a portion of memory.mory beginning atat-..etheat:  -         D[range] the contents of a portion of memory.mory beginning atat-..etheat:  3Remarks: The dump will be displayed in two parts:memory.mory beginning atat-..etheat:  G               1.) A hex portion, where the bytes are displayed in hex.ng atat-..etheat:  J               2.) A ASCII portion, where the bytes are displayed as ASCIIatat-..etheat:  N                   characters. Whatever unprintable characters there are, will-..etheat:  2                   be indicated by a period (.).e characters there are, will-..etheat:  9         There are 2 format options with the D command:cters there are, will-..etheat:  M               1.) Format: D[address]  will dump the contents starting withl-..etheat:  J                   the specified address of hex 40 bytes if in 40-columnithl-..etheat:  N                   mode, or hex 80 bytes if in 80-column mode. If no address-..etheat:  N                   parameter is given, DEBUG will assume the starting location-..etheat:  O                   to be the last location displayed by a previous D command...etheat:  M               2.) Format: D range  will display the contents of the speci-d...etheat:  K                   fied address range. If only an offset for the startingi-d...etheat:  O                   address is entered, the segment contained in the DS register..etheat:  M                   will be assumed as default. If an ending address is speci-er..etheat:  H                   fied, it should be entered with only an offset value.peci-er..etheat:  ~                  fied, it should be entered with only an offset value.peci-er..etheat:  =       **** DOS DEBUG ****              E  (Enter)  Commandfset value.peci-er..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****              E  (Enter)  Commandfset value.peci-er..etheat:  MPurpose: The E command has two modes of operation, and it can be used forer..etheat:           two purposes:mand has two modes of operation, and it can be used forer..etheat:  N               1.) To replace the contents of one or more bytes, starting at ar..etheat:  P                   specified address, with the values contained in the list..etheat:  N               2.) To display and allow the modification of bytes in a sequen-..etheat:                     tial manner.nd allow the modification of bytes in a sequen-..etheat:  -                  tial manner.nd allow the modification of bytes in a sequen-..etheat:  Format:  E address [list]ner.nd allow the modification of bytes in a sequen-..etheat:  -Format:  E address [list]ner.nd allow the modification of bytes in a sequen-..etheat:  LRemarks: If only an offset for the address is entered, DEBUG assumes then-..etheat:  .         segment contained in the DS register. is entered, DEBUG assumes then-..etheat:  0         The E command has two format options:s entered, DEBUG assumes then-..etheat:  J             1.) Format: E address list  will place the list in memoryhen-..etheat:  6                 beginning at the specified address.the list in memoryhen-..etheat:  N             2.) Format: E address  will display the address and the byte of..etheat:  L                 a location, and then it will wait for your input, which canof..etheat:  3                 follow in one of these categories:for your input, which canof..etheat:  /                    a.) A one or two hex value.ies:for your input, which canof..etheat:  L                    b.) Hit the space bar to advance to the next location.of..etheat:  K                    c.) Enter a hyphen (-) to show the preceding address..of..etheat:  D                    d.) Hit the Enter key to exit the E command.ddress..of..etheat:  -                   d.) Hit the Enter key to exit the E command.ddress..of..etheat:  ~                   d.) Hit the Enter key to exit the E command.ddress..of..etheat:  ;       **** DOS DEBUG ****             F  (Fill)  Command command.ddress..of..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****             F  (Fill)  Command command.ddress..of..etheat:  OPurpose: To fill the memory locations specified in the range parameter with..etheat:  6         the values specified in the list parameter.he range parameter with..etheat:  -        the values specified in the list parameter.he range parameter with..etheat:  Format:  F range listcified in the list parameter.he range parameter with..etheat:  -Format:  F range listcified in the list parameter.he range parameter with..etheat:  LRemarks: If the list contains fewer bytes than address range, the listith..etheat:  F         is used repeteadly until all the memory locations are filled.e listith..etheat:  N         If the list contains more bytes than the address range, the extrah..etheat:  '         bytes in the list are ignored.tes than the address range, the extrah..etheat:  N         If only an offset for the starting address of the range is entered,h..etheat:  D         DEBUG will assume the segment contained in the DS register.s entered,h..etheat:  -        DEBUG will assume the segment contained in the DS register.s entered,h..etheat:  -        DEBUG will assume the segment contained in the DS register.s entered,h..etheat:  ~        DEBUG will assume the segment contained in the DS register.s entered,h..etheat:  9       **** DOS DEBUG ****             G  (Go)  CommandS register.s entered,h..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****             G  (Go)  CommandS register.s entered,h..etheat:  NPurpose: To execute the program that is currently being debugged, and optio-h..etheat:  O         nally stop the execution to display the registers, flags, and the next..etheat:  J         instruction to be executed, when a breakpoint address is reached. next..etheat:  -        instruction to be executed, when a breakpoint address is reached. next..etheat:  ,Format:  G [=address][address[address...]]breakpoint address is reached. next..etheat:  -Format:  G [=address][address[address...]]breakpoint address is reached. next..etheat:  NRemarks: Unless overridden by the =address parameter, the execution startst..etheat:  O         with the current instruction as determined by the contents of the CS..etheat:           and IP registers.struction as determined by the contents of the CS..etheat:  O         The stack pointer must be valid and have 6 bytes available for the G..etheat:  =         command, otherwise unpredictable results will occur.ilable for the G..etheat:  .         The G command provides two options:lts will occur.ilable for the G..etheat:  M             1.) Format: G [=address]  This format will execute the programG..etheat:  O                 without breakpoints. If not supplying the =address parameter..etheat:  M                 be sure that the CS and IP registers are set properly beforeer..etheat:  )                 issuing the G command.IP registers are set properly beforeer..etheat:  O             2.) Format: G [=address]address[address[address...]] This format..etheat:  J                 will cause DEBUG to execute the program with breakpoints.ormat..etheat:  D                 Up to 10 breakpoints in any order can be specified.oints.ormat..etheat:  J                 If only an offset is entered for a breakpoint, DEBUG willormat..etheat:  >                 assume the segment stored in the CS register., DEBUG willormat..etheat:  -                assume the segment stored in the CS register., DEBUG willormat..etheat:  ~                assume the segment stored in the CS register., DEBUG willormat..etheat:  D       **** DOS DEBUG ****          H  (Hex add subtract)  CommandG willormat..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****          H  (Hex add subtract)  CommandG willormat..etheat:  OPurpose: To add two hexadecimal values, and then to subtract the second value..etheat:           from the first.xadecimal values, and then to subtract the second value..etheat:  -        from the first.xadecimal values, and then to subtract the second value..etheat:  Format:  H hex hexrst.xadecimal values, and then to subtract the second value..etheat:  -Format:  H hex hexrst.xadecimal values, and then to subtract the second value..etheat:  ~Format:  H hex hexrst.xadecimal values, and then to subtract the second value..etheat:  8       **** DOS DEBUG ****          I (Input)  Commandbtract the second value..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****          I (Input)  Commandbtract the second value..etheat:  NPurpose: To input and display in hexadecimal one byte from a specified port.e..etheat:  -Purpose: To input and display in hexadecimal one byte from a specified port.e..etheat:  Format:  I portaddressdisplay in hexadecimal one byte from a specified port.e..etheat:  -Format:  I portaddressdisplay in hexadecimal one byte from a specified port.e..etheat:  ~Format:  I portaddressdisplay in hexadecimal one byte from a specified port.e..etheat:  7       **** DOS DEBUG ****         L  (Load)  Command from a specified port.e..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****         L  (Load)  Command from a specified port.e..etheat:  CPurpose: To load a file or absolute diskette sectors into memory.ified port.e..etheat:  -Purpose: To load a file or absolute diskette sectors into memory.ified port.e..etheat:  -Format:  L [address [ drive sector sector]]e sectors into memory.ified port.e..etheat:  -Format:  L [address [ drive sector sector]]e sectors into memory.ified port.e..etheat:  KRemarks: The maximum number of sectors that could be loaded using the Lrt.e..etheat:  O         command is hex 80. If a diskette read error occurs, DEBUG will display..etheat:  N         play a message, so press F3 to redisplay the Load command, then pressy..etheat:           Enter. message, so press F3 to redisplay the Load command, then pressy..etheat:  .         The L command provides two options:lay the Load command, then pressy..etheat:  N           1.) Format: L address drive sector sector  This format is used toy..etheat:  N               read data from the specified number of sectors (2-nd sector pa-y..etheat:  M               rameter) starting at the starting sector (first sector parame--y..etheat:  H               ter) and place it into memory beginning at the address.rame--y..etheat:  K               If you enter an offset for the beginning address, DEBUG wille--y..etheat:  ?               assume the segment contained in the CS register., DEBUG wille--y..etheat:  K           2.) Format: L or L address is used to load the file that hase--y..etheat:  O               the filespecs properly formatted in the file control block CS:5C..etheat:  I               If the address is not specified, the file is loaded into CS:5C..etheat:  I               memory beginning at CS:100. .COM and .EXE files are always CS:5C..etheat:  G               loaded at CS:100, regardless of the address parameter.ys CS:5C..etheat:  -              loaded at CS:100, regardless of the address parameter.ys CS:5C..etheat:  ~              loaded at CS:100, regardless of the address parameter.ys CS:5C..etheat:  =       **** DOS DEBUG ****               M  (Move)  Commandparameter.ys CS:5C..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****               M  (Move)  Commandparameter.ys CS:5C..etheat:  HPurpose: To move the contents of the memory locations specified by thes CS:5C..etheat:  Q         range parameter to the locations beginning at the address parameter.etheat:  -        range parameter to the locations beginning at the address parameter.etheat:  Format:  M range address to the locations beginning at the address parameter.etheat:  -Format:  M range address to the locations beginning at the address parameter.etheat:  4Remarks: Overlappings will not cause loss of data.g at the address parameter.etheat:  O         The data in the source area remains unchanged unless it is overwrittenr.etheat:           by the move.the source area remains unchanged unless it is overwrittenr.etheat:  J         If you only enter an offset for the destination address, the M ittenr.etheat:  F         command will assume the segment contained in the DS register.M ittenr.etheat:  L         If you only enter an offset for the beginning address of the range,tenr.etheat:  N         the M command will assume the segment contained in the DS register.nr.etheat:  M         If you specify an ending address for the range, it should be entered.nr.etheat:  #         with only an offset value.ddress for the range, it should be entered.nr.etheat:  -        with only an offset value.ddress for the range, it should be entered.nr.etheat:  ~        with only an offset value.ddress for the range, it should be entered.nr.etheat:  =       **** DOS DEBUG ****               N  (Name)  Commandhould be entered.nr.etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****               N  (Name)  Commandhould be entered.nr.etheat:  5Purpose: This command can be used for two purposes:Commandhould be entered.nr.etheat:  L              1.) To format file control blocks for the first two filespecs,d.nr.etheat:  %                  at CS:5C and CS:6C.rol blocks for the first two filespecs,d.nr.etheat:  '              2.) To define parameters.l blocks for the first two filespecs,d.nr.etheat:  -             2.) To define parameters.l blocks for the first two filespecs,d.nr.etheat:  %Format:  N [d:][path]filename[.ext]s.l blocks for the first two filespecs,d.nr.etheat:  -Format:  N [d:][path]filename[.ext]s.l blocks for the first two filespecs,d.nr.etheat:  ORemarks: Starting DEBUG with a filespec also will format a file control blockr.etheat:           at CS:5C.g DEBUG with a filespec also will format a file control blockr.etheat:  N         If DEBUG was started without a filespec, you must use the N commandkr.etheat:  :         before a file can be loaded with the L command. use the N commandkr.etheat:  -        before a file can be loaded with the L command. use the N commandkr.etheat:  ~        before a file can be loaded with the L command. use the N commandkr.etheat:  ?       **** DOS DEBUG ****               O  (Output)  Commandthe N commandkr.etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****               O  (Output)  Commandthe N commandkr.etheat:  CPurpose: To send a specified byte to the specified output port.N commandkr.etheat:  -Purpose: To send a specified byte to the specified output port.N commandkr.etheat:  Format:  O portaddress byted byte to the specified output port.N commandkr.etheat:  -Format:  O portaddress byted byte to the specified output port.N commandkr.etheat:  EExample: O 2F8 2F   will send the byte value 2F to output port 2F8. commandkr.etheat:  -Example: O 2F8 2F   will send the byte value 2F to output port 2F8. commandkr.etheat:  ~Example: O 2F8 2F   will send the byte value 2F to output port 2F8. commandkr.etheat:  =       **** DOS DEBUG ****               Q  (Quit)  Commandort 2F8. commandkr.etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****               Q  (Quit)  Commandort 2F8. commandkr.etheat:  %Purpose: To exit the DEBUG program.     Q  (Quit)  Commandort 2F8. commandkr.etheat:  -Purpose: To exit the DEBUG program.     Q  (Quit)  Commandort 2F8. commandkr.etheat:  Format:  Qo exit the DEBUG program.     Q  (Quit)  Commandort 2F8. commandkr.etheat:  -Format:  Qo exit the DEBUG program.     Q  (Quit)  Commandort 2F8. commandkr.etheat:  MRemarks: Issuing the Quit command will not automatically save the file thatdkr.etheat:  K         you are working on, so in order for you not to lose it, you shouldatdkr.etheat:  .         first save it with the Write command.ou not to lose it, you shouldatdkr.etheat:  -        first save it with the Write command.ou not to lose it, you shouldatdkr.etheat:  ~        first save it with the Write command.ou not to lose it, you shouldatdkr.etheat:  A       **** DOS DEBUG ****               R  (Register)  Commandyou shouldatdkr.etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****               R  (Register)  Commandyou shouldatdkr.etheat:  4Purpose: The Register command has three functions:er)  Commandyou shouldatdkr.etheat:  M              1.) It displays the hex contents of a register, with the optiondkr.etheat:  0                  of also changing its contents.f a register, with the optiondkr.etheat:  O              2.) It displays the hex contents of all the registers, the alpha-r.etheat:  O                  betic flag settings, and the next instruction to be executed.r.etheat:  O              3.) It displays the eight 2-letter alphabetic flag settings, withr.etheat:  <                  the option of changing any or all of them.flag settings, withr.etheat:  -                 the option of changing any or all of them.flag settings, withr.etheat:  Format:  R [registername]n of changing any or all of them.flag settings, withr.etheat:  -Format:  R [registername]n of changing any or all of them.flag settings, withr.etheat:  PRemarks: Entering R with no parameters for the registername will display the.etheat:  H         all the registers, flags, and location of the next instruction.play the.etheat:  N         Valid register names are: AX, BP, SS, BX, SI, CS, CX, DI, IP, DX, DS,he.etheat:  D         PC, SP, ES, F.  IP and PC refer to the instruction pointer.P, DX, DS,he.etheat:  -        PC, SP, ES, F.  IP and PC refer to the instruction pointer.P, DX, DS,he.etheat:  Example: R BP, ES, F.  IP and PC refer to the instruction pointer.P, DX, DS,he.etheat:  -          DEBUG might respond with: BP A176he instruction pointer.P, DX, DS,he.etheat:  M          Now, if you wish to leave the contents of the BP register unchanged,he.etheat:  K          just press Enter, or if you wish to change it enter a 1 to 4  hexed,he.etheat:  9          value that you want to place onto the register.nter a 1 to 4  hexed,he.etheat:  K          To display the flags enter R F. To change a flag just enter itsed,he.etheat:             code in reverse order.nter R F. To change a flag just enter itsed,he.etheat:  ~         code in reverse order.nter R F. To change a flag just enter itsed,he.etheat:  B       **** DOS DEBUG ****                  S  (Search)  Commandenter itsed,he.etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****                  S  (Search)  Commandenter itsed,he.etheat:  KPurpose: Searches a specified range for the character(s) in the list.ed,he.etheat:  -Purpose: Searches a specified range for the character(s) in the list.ed,he.etheat:  Format:  S rage listspecified range for the character(s) in the list.ed,he.etheat:  -Format:  S rage listspecified range for the character(s) in the list.ed,he.etheat:  PRemarks: The S command will display the addresses where the matches are found..etheat:  N         If no match was found, DEBUG will display the prompt (-) without and..etheat:           address.tch was found, DEBUG will display the prompt (-) without and..etheat:  O         If you enter only an offset for the starting address of the range, the..etheat:  H         S command will assume the segment contained in the DS register.ge, the..etheat:  -        S command will assume the segment contained in the DS register.ge, the..etheat:  IExample: S CS:200 220 B7 will search the range of addresses from CS:200e, the..etheat:  #         through CS:220 for hex B7.rch the range of addresses from CS:200e, the..etheat:  -        through CS:220 for hex B7.rch the range of addresses from CS:200e, the..etheat:  ~        through CS:220 for hex B7.rch the range of addresses from CS:200e, the..etheat:  B       **** DOS DEBUG ****                   T  (Trace)  Command CS:200e, the..etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****                   T  (Trace)  Command CS:200e, the..etheat:  OPurpose: To execute one or more instructions starting with the instruction at..etheat:  P         the CS:IP address or at the specified =address.  It displays the con-.etheat:  M         tents of all registers and flags after each instruction is executed.on-.etheat:  -        tents of all registers and flags after each instruction is executed.on-.etheat:  Format:  T[=address][value]rs and flags after each instruction is executed.on-.etheat:  -Format:  T[=address][value]rs and flags after each instruction is executed.on-.etheat:  PRemarks: The = must be entered. Only one instruction is assumed, but you can.etheat:  :         specify more than one with the value parameter.s assumed, but you can.etheat:  M         The Trace command continues to display the contents of the registerscan.etheat:  ;         and flags until value instructions are executed.s of the registerscan.etheat:  N         While tracing multiple instructions, you can suspend the scrolling byan.etheat:  K         pressing Ctrl-NumLock. Resume scrolling by pressing any other key. byan.etheat:  -        pressing Ctrl-NumLock. Resume scrolling by pressing any other key. byan.etheat:  ~        pressing Ctrl-NumLock. Resume scrolling by pressing any other key. byan.etheat:  D       **** DOS DEBUG ****                U  (Unassemble)  Commander key. byan.etheat:  -      **** DOS DEBUG ****                U  (Unassemble)  Commander key. byan.etheat:  PPurpose: To unassemble instructions and display their addresses and hex values.etheat:  1         together with assembler-like statements. their addresses and hex values.etheat:  -        together with assembler-like statements. their addresses and hex values.etheat:  Format:  U [address] assembler-like statements. their addresses and hex values.etheat:               ordress] assembler-like statements. their addresses and hex values.etheat:           U [range]] assembler-like statements. their addresses and hex values.etheat:  -        U [range]] assembler-like statements. their addresses and hex values.etheat:  NRemarks: Since the instructions are of variable lengths, the number of byteses.etheat:  N         unassembled and displayed may be a little more than the amount reque-es.etheat:  $         sted or the default amount.ay be a little more than the amount reque-es.etheat:  M         If you enter only an offset for the starting address, the Unassemble-es.etheat:  F         command will assume the segment contained in the CS register.ssemble-es.etheat:  :         The Unassemble command allows two format options:CS register.ssemble-es.etheat:  H           1.) U will assume that the starting address is the locationemble-es.etheat:  I               following the last instruction unassembled by a previous Umble-es.etheat:  J               command. If there is no previous U command, the location isble-es.etheat:  "               offset to hex 0100.s no previous U command, the location isble-es.etheat:  N               With a 40 column display 16 bytes are unassembled, while with aes.etheat:  :               80 column display 32 bytes are unassembled.embled, while with aes.etheat:  K               U address  will unassemble instructions beginning with theh aes.etheat:  !               specified address.unassemble instructions beginning with theh aes.etheat:  M           2.) U range will unassemble instructions in the specified range.aes.etheat:  ~          2.) U range will unassemble instructions in the specified range.aes.etheat:  E         **** DOS DEBUG ****                    W  (Write)  Commandd range.aes.etheat:  -        **** DOS DEBUG ****                    W  (Write)  Commandd range.aes.etheat:  @Purpose: To write the data that is being debugged to diskette.mandd range.aes.etheat:  -Purpose: To write the data that is being debugged to diskette.mandd range.aes.etheat:  ,Format:  W [address [drive sector sector]]ebugged to diskette.mandd range.aes.etheat:  -Format:  W [address [drive sector sector]]ebugged to diskette.mandd range.aes.etheat:  DRemarks: A single W command can write a maximum of hex 80 sectors.d range.aes.etheat:  1         The W command offers two format options: of hex 80 sectors.d range.aes.etheat:  M            1.) W address drive sector sector  writes the data beginning ataes.etheat:  P                the specified address to the diskette in the specified drive.etheat:  I                starting at the specified relative sector (first sectordrive.etheat:  N                parameter) and continues until the requested number of sectorse.etheat:  K                are filled (second sector parameter). The sector parametersorse.etheat:  N                must be specified in hexadecimal. If only an offset is enterede.etheat:  J                for the beginning address, the segment contained in the CSerede.etheat:  $                register is assumed.dress, the segment contained in the CSerede.etheat:  N            2.) W or W address will write the file, whose filespec is pro-e.etheat:  L                perly formatted in the file control block at CS:5C, to disk.o-e.etheat:  M                You can specify the filespec when starting the DEBUG program,-e.etheat:  -                or by using the Name command.when starting the DEBUG program,-e.etheat:  -               or by using the Name command.when starting the DEBUG program,-e.etheat:  ~               or by using the Name command.when starting the DEBUG program,-e.etheat:  :        **** DOS ****           ASSIGN  (DRIVE)  Command the DEBUG program,-e.etheat:  -        **** DOS ****           ASSIGN  (DRIVE)  Command the DEBUG program,-e.etheat:  HPurpose:  Instructs DOS to use a different drive from the one that wasgram,-e.etheat:  2          previously specified for disk operation. from the one that wasgram,-e.etheat:  -         previously specified for disk operation. from the one that wasgram,-e.etheat:  Format:   ASSIGN [x=y [...]] for disk operation. from the one that wasgram,-e.etheat:  -Format:   ASSIGN [x=y [...]] for disk operation. from the one that wasgram,-e.etheat:  QRemarks:  Entering ASSIGN without any parameters will reset drive assignmentsetheat:            to normal. ASSIGN without any parameters will reset drive assignmentsetheat:  H          DISKCOPY and DISKCOMP will ignore any drive reassignments.signmentsetheat:  -         DISKCOPY and DISKCOMP will ignore any drive reassignments.signmentsetheat:  Type:     External and DISKCOMP will ignore any drive reassignments.signmentsetheat:  -Type:     External and DISKCOMP will ignore any drive reassignments.signmentsetheat:  NExample:  ASSIGN A=C       All requests for drive A will be routed by DOS tontsetheat:  "                           drive Cequests for drive A will be routed by DOS tontsetheat:  -                          drive Cequests for drive A will be routed by DOS tontsetheat:  ~                          drive Cequests for drive A will be routed by DOS tontsetheat:  @         **** DOS ****           BACKUP  (Fixed Disk)  Commanduted by DOS tontsetheat:  -        **** DOS ****           BACKUP  (Fixed Disk)  Commanduted by DOS tontsetheat:  <Purpose:  Backs up files from the fixed disk to diskettes.anduted by DOS tontsetheat:  -Purpose:  Backs up files from the fixed disk to diskettes.anduted by DOS tontsetheat:  *Format:   BACKUP d:[path][filename[.ext]]disk to diskettes.anduted by DOS tontsetheat:  &          d:[/S][/M][/A][/D:mm-dd-yy]xt]]disk to diskettes.anduted by DOS tontsetheat:  -         d:[/S][/M][/A][/D:mm-dd-yy]xt]]disk to diskettes.anduted by DOS tontsetheat:  NRemarks:  The first parameter you specify is the fixed disk file to back up.ntsetheat:  <          The second parameter is the backup diskette drive.k file to back up.ntsetheat:  M          If there is no file name or extension specified, then all the files.ntsetheat:  -          in the directory will be backed up.on specified, then all the files.ntsetheat:  -         in the directory will be backed up.on specified, then all the files.ntsetheat:  Type:     Externalectory will be backed up.on specified, then all the files.ntsetheat:  -Type:     Externalectory will be backed up.on specified, then all the files.ntsetheat:  ~Type:     Externalectory will be backed up.on specified, then all the files.ntsetheat:  B         **** DOS ****           BREAK  (Control Break)  Commandl the files.ntsetheat:  -        **** DOS ****           BREAK  (Control Break)  Commandl the files.ntsetheat:  NPurpose:  Instructs DOS to check for a control break when a program requestsntsetheat:  $          DOS to perform a function.or a control break when a program requestsntsetheat:  -         DOS to perform a function.or a control break when a program requestsntsetheat:  Format:   BREAK [ON/OFF] function.or a control break when a program requestsntsetheat:  -Format:   BREAK [ON/OFF] function.or a control break when a program requestsntsetheat:  LRemarks:  The ON parameter causes DOS to check for Ctrl-Break whenever atsntsetheat:  I          program requests any DOS function. The OFF parameter however,r atsntsetheat:  I          causes DOS to check only during standard input/output, standardr atsntsetheat:  K          print device, and Asynchronous Communications Adapter operations.atsntsetheat:  N          Entering BREAK with no parameter causes DOS to display the currentntsetheat:  3          state (on or off) of Ctrl-Break checking. DOS to display the currentntsetheat:  -         state (on or off) of Ctrl-Break checking. DOS to display the currentntsetheat:  Type:     Internalor off) of Ctrl-Break checking. DOS to display the currentntsetheat:  -Type:     Internalor off) of Ctrl-Break checking. DOS to display the currentntsetheat:  ~Type:     Internalor off) of Ctrl-Break checking. DOS to display the currentntsetheat:  E         **** DOS ****           CHDIR  (Change Directory)  Commande currentntsetheat:  -        **** DOS ****           CHDIR  (Change Directory)  Commande currentntsetheat:  KPurpose:  To change the current DOS directory of the specified or defaultentntsetheat:  E          drive, or to display the current directory path of a drive.efaultentntsetheat:  -         drive, or to display the current directory path of a drive.efaultentntsetheat:  Format:   CHDIR [[d:]path]ay the current directory path of a drive.efaultentntsetheat:               orR [[d:]path]ay the current directory path of a drive.efaultentntsetheat:            CD [[d:]path]h]ay the current directory path of a drive.efaultentntsetheat:  -         CD [[d:]path]h]ay the current directory path of a drive.efaultentntsetheat:  NRemarks:  If you enter CHDIR or CH without parameters, or with only a d:ntsetheat:  K          parameter, the current directory path of the specified or default d:ntsetheat:            drive is displayed.ent directory path of the specified or default d:ntsetheat:  -         drive is displayed.ent directory path of the specified or default d:ntsetheat:  Type:     Internalisplayed.ent directory path of the specified or default d:ntsetheat:  -Type:     Internalisplayed.ent directory path of the specified or default d:ntsetheat:  OExamples: CHDIR \      will change the current directory of the default drivetsetheat:  -                       to its root directory.ent directory of the default drivetsetheat:  G          CD B:\LEV1\LEV2\LEV3     will change drive B's directory tolt drivetsetheat:  G                       the path: root-->LEV1-->LEV2-->LEV3  The leadinglt drivetsetheat:  N                       backslash (\) tells DOS to start at the root directory.etsetheat:  N                       If the leading backslash were missing, the search wouldetsetheat:  %                       start at LEV1. backslash were missing, the search wouldetsetheat:  -                      start at LEV1. backslash were missing, the search wouldetsetheat:  ~                      start at LEV1. backslash were missing, the search wouldetsetheat:  @         **** DOS ****           CHKDSK  (Check Disk)  Commande search wouldetsetheat:  -         **** DOS ****           CHKDSK  (Check Disk)  Commande search wouldetsetheat:  NPurpose:  Checks directories and the File Allocation Table on the designatedetsetheat:  H          or default drive and produces a disk and memory status report.gnatedetsetheat:  -         or default drive and produces a disk and memory status report.gnatedetsetheat:  /Format:   CHKDSK [d:][filename[.ext]][/F][/V]and memory status report.gnatedetsetheat:  -Format:   CHKDSK [d:][filename[.ext]][/F][/V]and memory status report.gnatedetsetheat:  ORemarks:  If you want DOS to correct the errors found in the directory or thetsetheat:  P          File Directory Table you must use the /F (fix) parameter. If you usesetheat:  P          the /V parameter, CHKDSK will display a series of messages indica-setheat:  L          ting its progress, and provide more detailed information about theica-setheat:            errors found.ress, and provide more detailed information about theica-setheat:  -         errors found.ress, and provide more detailed information about theica-setheat:  Type:     Externalnd.ress, and provide more detailed information about theica-setheat:  -Type:     Externalnd.ress, and provide more detailed information about theica-setheat:  ~Type:     Externalnd.ress, and provide more detailed information about theica-setheat:  ?         **** DOS ****           CLS  (Clear Screen)  Commandion about theica-setheat:  -        **** DOS ****           CLS  (Clear Screen)  Commandion about theica-setheat:  (Purpose:  To clear the display screen.Clear Screen)  Commandion about theica-setheat:  -Purpose:  To clear the display screen.Clear Screen)  Commandion about theica-setheat:  Format:   CLSclear the display screen.Clear Screen)  Commandion about theica-setheat:  -Format:   CLSclear the display screen.Clear Screen)  Commandion about theica-setheat:  Type:     Internal the display screen.Clear Screen)  Commandion about theica-setheat:  -Type:     Internal the display screen.Clear Screen)  Commandion about theica-setheat:  ~Type:     Internal the display screen.Clear Screen)  Commandion about theica-setheat:  A         **** DOS ****           COMP  (Compare Files)  Commandn about theica-setheat:  -        **** DOS ****           COMP  (Compare Files)  Commandn about theica-setheat:  LPurpose:  Compares the first set of specified files to the contents of theica-setheat:  P          second set of specified files. Generally COMP is used after a COPYsetheat:  J          operation to ensure that the files copied to the target disk areCOPYsetheat:  G          identical to the files that were copied from the source disk.areCOPYsetheat:  -         identical to the files that were copied from the source disk.areCOPYsetheat:  *Format:   COMP [d:][path][filename[.ext]] copied from the source disk.areCOPYsetheat:  *          [d:][path][filename[.ext]]      copied from the source disk.areCOPYsetheat:  -         [d:][path][filename[.ext]]      copied from the source disk.areCOPYsetheat:  ;Remarks:  COMP does not work on files of different sizes.source disk.areCOPYsetheat:  -Remarks:  COMP does not work on files of different sizes.source disk.areCOPYsetheat:  Type:     Externals not work on files of different sizes.source disk.areCOPYsetheat:  -Type:     Externals not work on files of different sizes.source disk.areCOPYsetheat:  PExamples: COMP A:*.PAS B:*.BAK   will cause each file that has an extension ofsetheat:  O                       .PAS from drive A to be compared with a file of the samefsetheat:  G                       name but with an extension of .BAK from drive B.the samefsetheat:  Q          COMP B:*.BAS C:   will cause all files that have an extension of .BASetheat:  K                       on drive B to be compared with the files of the samef .BASetheat:  7                       names and extensions on drive C.he files of the samef .BASetheat:  -                      names and extensions on drive C.he files of the samef .BASetheat:  ~                      names and extensions on drive C.he files of the samef .BASetheat:  0         **** DOS ****           COPY  Commandrive C.he files of the samef .BASetheat:  -        **** DOS ****           COPY  Commandrive C.he files of the samef .BASetheat:  6Purpose:  To copy one or more files to another disk..he files of the samef .BASetheat:  -Purpose:  To copy one or more files to another disk..he files of the samef .BASetheat:  8Format:   COPY [/A][/B][d:][path]filename[.ext][/A][/B]e files of the samef .BASetheat:  1          [d:][path][filename[.ext]][/A][/B][/V]/A][/B]e files of the samef .BASetheat:            or:][path][filename[.ext]][/A][/B][/V]/A][/B]e files of the samef .BASetheat:  8          COPY [/A][/B][d:][path]filename[.ext][/A][/B]e files of the samef .BASetheat:  1          [+[d:][path]filename[.ext][/A][/B]....]/A][/B]e files of the samef .BASetheat:  1          [d:][path][filename[.ext]][/A][/B][/V]/A][/B]e files of the samef .BASetheat:  -         [d:][path][filename[.ext]][/A][/B][/V]/A][/B]e files of the samef .BASetheat:  QRemarks:  With the COPY command you may also copy files to the same disk, butetheat:  N          unless different directories are specified, you must give the copiesbutetheat:            different names. directories are specified, you must give the copiesbutetheat:  M          The parameter /A causes the file to be treated as an ASCII (text)sbutetheat:  N          file. Data is copied up to the first end-of-file (Ctrl-Z) character.butetheat:  A          The parameter /B causes the entire file to be copied.Z) character.butetheat:  M          The parameter /V causes DOS to verify that the sectors written on.butetheat:  K          the target disk are recorded properly, without errors.   The /Von.butetheat:  I          parameter produces the same results as the VERIFY ON command.Von.butetheat:  -         parameter produces the same results as the VERIFY ON command.Von.butetheat:  Type:     Internalproduces the same results as the VERIFY ON command.Von.butetheat:  -Type:     Internalproduces the same results as the VERIFY ON command.Von.butetheat:  ~Type:     Internalproduces the same results as the VERIFY ON command.Von.butetheat:  D         **** DOS ****             CTTY  (Change Console)  Commandmand.Von.butetheat:  -        **** DOS ****             CTTY  (Change Console)  Commandmand.Von.butetheat:  KPurpose:  To change the standard input and output console to an auxiliaryon.butetheat:  H          console, or restore the keyboard and the monitor screen as thearyon.butetheat:  ,          standard input and output devices.nd the monitor screen as thearyon.butetheat:  -         standard input and output devices.nd the monitor screen as thearyon.butetheat:  Format:   CTTY device-name output devices.nd the monitor screen as thearyon.butetheat:  -Format:   CTTY device-name output devices.nd the monitor screen as thearyon.butetheat:  TRemarks:  Specifying AUX, COM1, or COM2 as the device name causes DOS to useeat:  L          that device as the primary console. Specifying CON as the deviceS to useeat:  G          name causes DOS to reset the standard input and output to theeviceS to useeat:            primary console.to reset the standard input and output to theeviceS to useeat:  -         primary console.to reset the standard input and output to theeviceS to useeat:  Type:     Internalnsole.to reset the standard input and output to theeviceS to useeat:  -Type:     Internalnsole.to reset the standard input and output to theeviceS to useeat:  ~Type:     Internalnsole.to reset the standard input and output to theeviceS to useeat:  1         **** DOS ****            DATE  Commandnput and output to theeviceS to useeat:  -        **** DOS ****            DATE  Commandnput and output to theeviceS to useeat:  JPurpose:  To enter a new system date. This date will be recorded in the ceS to useeat:  9          directory entry for files you create or change. recorded in the ceS to useeat:  -         directory entry for files you create or change. recorded in the ceS to useeat:  Format:   DATE [mm/dd/yy]or files you create or change. recorded in the ceS to useeat:  -Format:   DATE [mm/dd/yy]or files you create or change. recorded in the ceS to useeat:  )Remarks:  mm stands for month [1....12]reate or change. recorded in the ceS to useeat:  )          dd stands for day   [1....31]reate or change. recorded in the ceS to useeat:  )          yy stands for year  [80...99]reate or change. recorded in the ceS to useeat:  L          The only valid delimiters within the date are hyphens and slashes.S to useeat:  -         The only valid delimiters within the date are hyphens and slashes.S to useeat:  Example:  DATEly valid delimiters within the date are hyphens and slashes.S to useeat:  $           Current date is 9-25-1986within the date are hyphens and slashes.S to useeat:  K           Enter new date: 9-26-1986    Will change the date from 9-25-1986.S to useeat:  5                                        to 9-26-1986.he date from 9-25-1986.S to useeat:  -                                       to 9-26-1986.he date from 9-25-1986.S to useeat:  Type:     Internal                    to 9-26-1986.he date from 9-25-1986.S to useeat:  -Type:     Internal                    to 9-26-1986.he date from 9-25-1986.S to useeat:  ~Type:     Internal                    to 9-26-1986.he date from 9-25-1986.S to useeat:  =         **** DOS ****            DIR  (Directory)  Commandfrom 9-25-1986.S to useeat:  -        **** DOS ****            DIR  (Directory)  Commandfrom 9-25-1986.S to useeat:  OPurpose: To list either all the directory entries or only those for specifiedo useeat:  L         files. It provides information about the volume identification, theiedo useeat:  H         amount of free space left on the disk, the size of each file in theiedo useeat:  N         decimal bytes, and the date and time when it was written to the disk.do useeat:  -        decimal bytes, and the date and time when it was written to the disk.do useeat:  0Format:  DIR[d:][path][filename][.ext][/P][/W]en it was written to the disk.do useeat:  -Format:  DIR[d:][path][filename][.ext][/P][/W]en it was written to the disk.do useeat:  RRemarks: The /P parameter causes the display to pause when the screen is full,seeat:  K         and wait for you to press any key to show the rest of the listing.s full,seeat:  P         The /W parameter causes DOS to produce a wide display of the listing,l,seeat:  <         showing only the filenames and the directory names.play of the listing,l,seeat:  L         Entries that name other directories have a <DIR> in the file sizeing,l,seeat:           field.s that name other directories have a <DIR> in the file sizeing,l,seeat:  -        field.s that name other directories have a <DIR> in the file sizeing,l,seeat:  Type:    Internalat name other directories have a <DIR> in the file sizeing,l,seeat:  -Type:    Internalat name other directories have a <DIR> in the file sizeing,l,seeat:  ~Type:    Internalat name other directories have a <DIR> in the file sizeing,l,seeat:  I        **** DOS ****             DISKCOMP  (Compare Diskette)  Commandizeing,l,seeat:  -       **** DOS ****             DISKCOMP  (Compare Diskette)  Commandizeing,l,seeat:  OPurpose: To compare the contents of two diskettes. It is usually used after a,l,seeat:  C         DISKCOPY to ensure that the two diskettes are identical.used after a,l,seeat:  -        DISKCOPY to ensure that the two diskettes are identical.used after a,l,seeat:  $Format:  DISKCOMP [d:][d:][/1][/8]he two diskettes are identical.used after a,l,seeat:  -Format:  DISKCOMP [d:][d:][/1][/8]he two diskettes are identical.used after a,l,seeat:  >Remarks: You can specify the same drive or different drives.ical.used after a,l,seeat:  R         The /1 parameter instructs DISKCOMP to compare only the first side ofseeat:  ;         the diskettes, even if the disks are double-sided. only the first side ofseeat:  N         The /8 parameter instructs DISKCOMP to compare only 8 sectors pere ofseeat:  H         track, even if the first diskette contains 9 sectors per track.rs pere ofseeat:  -        track, even if the first diskette contains 9 sectors per track.rs pere ofseeat:  Type:    Externaln if the first diskette contains 9 sectors per track.rs pere ofseeat:  -Type:    Externaln if the first diskette contains 9 sectors per track.rs pere ofseeat:  ~Type:    Externaln if the first diskette contains 9 sectors per track.rs pere ofseeat:  F        **** DOS ****             DISKCOPY  (Copy Diskette)  Commandk.rs pere ofseeat:  -       **** DOS ****             DISKCOPY  (Copy Diskette)  Commandk.rs pere ofseeat:  JPurpose: Copies the contents of diskette in the source drive to diskette pere ofseeat:  L         in the target drive. If necessary, the target diskette is formattedere ofseeat:           during the copy.ive. If necessary, the target diskette is formattedere ofseeat:  -        during the copy.ive. If necessary, the target diskette is formattedere ofseeat:   Format:  DISKCOPY [d:][d:][/1] necessary, the target diskette is formattedere ofseeat:  -Format:  DISKCOPY [d:][d:][/1] necessary, the target diskette is formattedere ofseeat:  TRemarks: The /1 parameter causes DISKCOPY to copy the first side of the diske-eat:  7         tte, regardless of the diskette or drive type. the first side of the diske-eat:  -        tte, regardless of the diskette or drive type. the first side of the diske-eat:  Type:    Externaldless of the diskette or drive type. the first side of the diske-eat:  -Type:    Externaldless of the diskette or drive type. the first side of the diske-eat:  ~Type:    Externaldless of the diskette or drive type. the first side of the diske-eat:  8        **** DOS ****            ERASE or DEL  Commandthe first side of the diske-eat:  -       **** DOS ****            ERASE or DEL  Commandthe first side of the diske-eat:  QPurpose: To delete a file from the specified directory on the designated drive.ke-eat:  -Purpose: To delete a file from the specified directory on the designated drive.ke-eat:  +Format:  ERASE [d:][path][filename[.ext]]ied directory on the designated drive.ke-eat:               or [d:][path][filename[.ext]]ied directory on the designated drive.ke-eat:  )         DEL [d:][path][filename[.ext]]]ied directory on the designated drive.ke-eat:  -        DEL [d:][path][filename[.ext]]]ied directory on the designated drive.ke-eat:  RRemarks: To erase all the files in the current directory, enter: ERASE [d:]*.*e-eat:  P         To erase all the files in a specific directory, enter: ERASE [d:]path*e-eat:  G         Erase will assume a filename of *.* if no filename is given.[d:]path*e-eat:  -        Erase will assume a filename of *.* if no filename is given.[d:]path*e-eat:  Type:    Internal assume a filename of *.* if no filename is given.[d:]path*e-eat:  -Type:    Internal assume a filename of *.* if no filename is given.[d:]path*e-eat:  ~Type:    Internal assume a filename of *.* if no filename is given.[d:]path*e-eat:  4        **** DOS ****             EXE2BIN  Command filename is given.[d:]path*e-eat:  -       **** DOS ****             EXE2BIN  Command filename is given.[d:]path*e-eat:  OPurpose: To convert .EXE files that have no segment fixup to a form that is*e-eat:  P         compatible with .COM programs. This is done in order to save diskette*e-eat:  ,         space and speed up program loading.is is done in order to save diskette*e-eat:  -        space and speed up program loading.is is done in order to save diskette*e-eat:  ,Format:  EXE2BIN [d:][path][filename[.ext]]is is done in order to save diskette*e-eat:  &           [d:][path][filename[.ext]].ext]]is is done in order to save diskette*e-eat:  -          [d:][path][filename[.ext]].ext]]is is done in order to save diskette*e-eat:  RRemarks: If no extension is specified for the input file, it defaults to .EXE.e-eat:  O         If you do not specify a drive for the output, the input drive is used.E.e-eat:  H         If no output filename is specified, the input filename is used.s used.E.e-eat:  L         If you do not specify a filename extension for the output filename,ed.E.e-eat:  2         the default extension of .BIN is given.n for the output filename,ed.E.e-eat:  M         The resident, or actual code and data, part of the file must be lessd.E.e-eat:  2         than 64K. There must be no stack segment.rt of the file must be lessd.E.e-eat:  -        than 64K. There must be no stack segment.rt of the file must be lessd.E.e-eat:  Type:    ExternalThere must be no stack segment.rt of the file must be lessd.E.e-eat:  -Type:    ExternalThere must be no stack segment.rt of the file must be lessd.E.e-eat:  ~Type:    ExternalThere must be no stack segment.rt of the file must be lessd.E.e-eat:  8        **** DOS ****             FIND  Filter Commandthe file must be lessd.E.e-eat:  -       **** DOS ****             FIND  Filter Commandthe file must be lessd.E.e-eat:  MPurpose: To send to the standard output device all lines from the filenamesd.E.e-eat:  I         specified in the command line that contain the specified string.amesd.E.e-eat:  -        specified in the command line that contain the specified string.amesd.E.e-eat:  ?Format:  FIND [/V][/C][/N]string[[d:][path]filename[.ext]...]ed string.amesd.E.e-eat:  -Format:  FIND [/V][/C][/N]string[[d:][path]filename[.ext]...]ed string.amesd.E.e-eat:  NRemark:  The /V parameter causes all lines not containing the string to be.E.e-eat:           displayed. parameter causes all lines not containing the string to be.E.e-eat:  M         The /C parameter causes FIND to display only the number matchinge.E.e-eat:  L         occurrences of string in each file, without displaying the matchingge.E.e-eat:           lines from the file.g in each file, without displaying the matchingge.E.e-eat:  L         The /N parameter causes the relative line number of each matchingge.E.e-eat:  <         line to be displayed before the line from the file.of each matchingge.E.e-eat:  J         The string must be enclosed in double quotes. To enter a quote inngge.E.e-eat:  :         the string two successive quotes must be entered.enter a quote inngge.E.e-eat:  -        the string two successive quotes must be entered.enter a quote inngge.E.e-eat:  MExample: FIND "Pink Panther" story1.txt story2.txt story3   Will output alle.E.e-eat:  F                      lines from story1.txt, story2.txt and story thatput alle.E.e-eat:  7                      contain the string "Pink Panther" and story thatput alle.E.e-eat:  -                     contain the string "Pink Panther" and story thatput alle.E.e-eat:  Type:    External   contain the string "Pink Panther" and story thatput alle.E.e-eat:  -Type:    External   contain the string "Pink Panther" and story thatput alle.E.e-eat:  ~Type:    External   contain the string "Pink Panther" and story thatput alle.E.e-eat:  9        **** DOS ****                   FORMAT  Commandnd story thatput alle.E.e-eat:  -       **** DOS ****                   FORMAT  Commandnd story thatput alle.E.e-eat:  QPurpose: Initializes a disk, analyzes the entire disk for defective tracks, and.e-eat:  M         prepares the disk to accept DOS files by initializing the directory, and.e-eat:  :         the File Allocation Table, and the system loader.zing the directory, and.e-eat:  -        the File Allocation Table, and the system loader.zing the directory, and.e-eat:  *Format:  FORMAT [d:][/S][/1][/8][/V][/B]e system loader.zing the directory, and.e-eat:  -Format:  FORMAT [d:][/S][/1][/8][/V][/B]e system loader.zing the directory, and.e-eat:  QRemarks: The /S parameter will cause the files IBMBIO.COM, IBMDOS.COM and.e-eat:  L         COMMAND.COM to be also copied from the default drive to the newly and.e-eat:           formatted disk.o be also copied from the default drive to the newly and.e-eat:  N         The /1 parameter will cause DOS to format the disk for single sidedand.e-eat:  0         use only, regardless of the drive type.rmat the disk for single sidedand.e-eat:  L         The /8 parameter will cause the disk to be formatted for use at 8edand.e-eat:  P         sectors per track. FORMAT will default to 9 sectors per track if thisd.e-eat:           parameter is not used.RMAT will default to 9 sectors per track if thisd.e-eat:  P         The /V parameter will cause FORMAT to prompt you for a volume labeld.e-eat:  K         which will be assigned to the newly formatted disk. The parameterslabeld.e-eat:  8         /8 and /V can not be used at the same time.isk. The parameterslabeld.e-eat:  N         The /B parameter causes format to create an 8 sector per track diskeld.e-eat:  O         with space allocated for IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS.COM system modules.ld.e-eat:  -        with space allocated for IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS.COM system modules.ld.e-eat:  Type:    External allocated for IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS.COM system modules.ld.e-eat:  ~Type:    External allocated for IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS.COM system modules.ld.e-eat:  G       **** DOS ****                GRAPHICS  (Screen Print)  Commandmodules.ld.e-eat:  -      **** DOS ****                GRAPHICS  (Screen Print)  Commandmodules.ld.e-eat:  NPurpose: To allow the contents of a graphics display screen to be printed on.ld.e-eat:  L         a compatible printer when using the color/graphics monitor adapter.on.ld.e-eat:  O         This command increases the resident size of DOS in memory by 736 bytesld.e-eat:  -        This command increases the resident size of DOS in memory by 736 bytesld.e-eat:  Format:  GRAPHICSnd increases the resident size of DOS in memory by 736 bytesld.e-eat:  -Format:  GRAPHICSnd increases the resident size of DOS in memory by 736 bytesld.e-eat:  ORemarks: In order to get the screen dump the Shift-PrtSc keys must be pressedld.e-eat:  -Remarks: In order to get the screen dump the Shift-PrtSc keys must be pressedld.e-eat:  Type:    External to get the screen dump the Shift-PrtSc keys must be pressedld.e-eat:  -Type:    External to get the screen dump the Shift-PrtSc keys must be pressedld.e-eat:  ~Type:    External to get the screen dump the Shift-PrtSc keys must be pressedld.e-eat:  H        **** DOS ****                 MKDIR  (Make Directory)  Commandpressedld.e-eat:  -       **** DOS ****                 MKDIR  (Make Directory)  Commandpressedld.e-eat:  :Purpose:  To create a subdirectory on the specified diskory)  Commandpressedld.e-eat:  -Purpose:  To create a subdirectory on the specified diskory)  Commandpressedld.e-eat:  Format:   MKDIR [d:]pathbdirectory on the specified diskory)  Commandpressedld.e-eat:  
           orDIR [d:]pathbdirectory on the specified diskory)  Commandpressedld.e-eat:            MD [d:]paththbdirectory on the specified diskory)  Commandpressedld.e-eat:  -         MD [d:]paththbdirectory on the specified diskory)  Commandpressedld.e-eat:  PExamples: MD \LEVEL2\LEVEL3\LEVEL4    will make a subdirectory named LEVEL4 ind.e-eat:  M                   the LEVEL3 directory. The first backslash (\) tells DOS to ind.e-eat:  M                   start its directory search with the root directory. If the ind.e-eat:  L                   first backslash were missing DOS would start searching ate ind.e-eat:  )                   the current directory.issing DOS would start searching ate ind.e-eat:  -                  the current directory.issing DOS would start searching ate ind.e-eat:  Type:     Internalhe current directory.issing DOS would start searching ate ind.e-eat:  -Type:     Internalhe current directory.issing DOS would start searching ate ind.e-eat:  ~Type:     Internalhe current directory.issing DOS would start searching ate ind.e-eat:  7        **** DOS ****                   MODE  Commandld start searching ate ind.e-eat:  -       **** DOS ****                   MODE  Commandld start searching ate ind.e-eat:  PPurpose: Sets the mode of operation on a printer or a display connected to thed.e-eat:  O         color/graphics adapter, sets options for an asynchronous communicationed.e-eat:  J         adapter, or causes printer output to be routed to an asynchronousationed.e-eat:            communications adapter.ter output to be routed to an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  -        communications adapter.ter output to be routed to an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  "Format:  MODE LPT#:[n][,[m][,P]]r output to be routed to an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  
           orE LPT#:[n][,[m][,P]]r output to be routed to an asynchronousationed.e-eat:           MODE nT#:[n][,[m][,P]]r output to be routed to an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  
           orE nT#:[n][,[m][,P]]r output to be routed to an asynchronousationed.e-eat:           MODE [n],m[,T][m][,P]]r output to be routed to an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  
           orE [n],m[,T][m][,P]]r output to be routed to an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  ;         MODE COMn:baud[,parity[,databits[,stopbits[P]]]]an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  
           orE COMn:baud[,parity[,databits[,stopbits[P]]]]an asynchronousationed.e-eat:           MODE LPT#:=COMnparity[,databits[,stopbits[P]]]]an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  -        MODE LPT#:=COMnparity[,databits[,stopbits[P]]]]an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  Type:    Internal:=COMnparity[,databits[,stopbits[P]]]]an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  -Type:    Internal:=COMnparity[,databits[,stopbits[P]]]]an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  ~Type:    Internal:=COMnparity[,databits[,stopbits[P]]]]an asynchronousationed.e-eat:  =        **** DOS ****                  MORE  Filter Command asynchronousationed.e-eat:  -       **** DOS ****                  MORE  Filter Command asynchronousationed.e-eat:  MPurpose: This filter command reads data from the standard input device, andoned.e-eat:  N         sends one screen full of data to the standard output device, and thenned.e-eat:  M         displays the message ---More--- and waits for you to press any keynned.e-eat:  3         before processing the next screen of data.s for you to press any keynned.e-eat:  -        before processing the next screen of data.s for you to press any keynned.e-eat:  Format MORE < filenameng the next screen of data.s for you to press any keynned.e-eat:  -Format MORE < filenameng the next screen of data.s for you to press any keynned.e-eat:  GExample: MORE <LETTER.TXT       Will display the contents of the fileny keynned.e-eat:  N                      LETTER.TXT one screen full at a time. When the screen isned.e-eat:  O                      full, the message ---More--- appears on the bottom of theed.e-eat:  M                      screen, so you can press any key to see the next screenheed.e-eat:                        of data.so you can press any key to see the next screenheed.e-eat:  -                     of data.so you can press any key to see the next screenheed.e-eat:  Type:    External   of data.so you can press any key to see the next screenheed.e-eat:  -Type:    External   of data.so you can press any key to see the next screenheed.e-eat:  ~Type:    External   of data.so you can press any key to see the next screenheed.e-eat:  F        **** DOS ****           PATH  (Set Search Directory) Command screenheed.e-eat:  -       **** DOS ****           PATH  (Set Search Directory) Command screenheed.e-eat:  OPurpose: To search the specified directories for batch files or commands thated.e-eat:  =         were not found by a search in the current directory.s or commands thated.e-eat:  -        were not found by a search in the current directory.s or commands thated.e-eat:  )Format:  PATH [[d:]path[[;[d:]path]...]e current directory.s or commands thated.e-eat:  -Format:  PATH [[d:]path[[;[d:]path]...]e current directory.s or commands thated.e-eat:  PRemarks: A list of drives and path names may be specified, as long as they ared.e-eat:  !         separated by semicolons.ath names may be specified, as long as they ared.e-eat:  L         Path names must be specified because PATH will not default to the ared.e-eat:           current directory. specified because PATH will not default to the ared.e-eat:  O         Entering PATH with no parameters will cause DOS to display the namesed.e-eat:  :         that were specified in a previous PATH command. to display the namesed.e-eat:  S         Entering PATH with only a semicolon (PATH;) will reset the search path-eat:  J         to null, in this case DOS will only search the current directory.arch path-eat:  -        to null, in this case DOS will only search the current directory.arch path-eat:  Type:    Internaln this case DOS will only search the current directory.arch path-eat:  -Type:    Internaln this case DOS will only search the current directory.arch path-eat:  ~Type:    Internaln this case DOS will only search the current directory.arch path-eat:  7        **** DOS ****                  PRINT  Command current directory.arch path-eat:  -       **** DOS ****                  PRINT  Command current directory.arch path-eat:  QPurpose: To print a list of data files on the printer while you are doing otherth-eat:  M         things on the computer. You can pass up to 10 filenames for printingtherth-eat:  L         at one time. This command will increase the resident size of DOS ingtherth-eat:           memory by 3200 bytes.mand will increase the resident size of DOS ingtherth-eat:  -        memory by 3200 bytes.mand will increase the resident size of DOS ingtherth-eat:  6Format:  PRINT [[d:][filename[.ext]][/T][/C][/P]...]esident size of DOS ingtherth-eat:  -Format:  PRINT [[d:][filename[.ext]][/T][/C][/P]...]esident size of DOS ingtherth-eat:  >Remarks: Only files in the current directory can be printed.size of DOS ingtherth-eat:  P         The /T parameter sets the terminate mode. All files are canceled fromrth-eat:  O         the print list. If a file is currently in the process of being printedmrth-eat:  L         the printing stops, a cancellation message is printed, the paper istedmrth-eat:  G         advanced to the next top of page, and the printer beep sounds.er istedmrth-eat:  O         The /C parameter sets the cancel mode. It allows you to choose whichmrth-eat:  K         file or files to cancel. The preceding and all following filenameshichmrth-eat:  M         entered on the command line are canceled from the print list until achmrth-eat:  N         /P is encountered on the command line, or the Enter key is pressed.hmrth-eat:  O         The /P parameter sets the print mode. The preceding filename and allmrth-eat:  L         the following filenames are added to the print list until a /C isallmrth-eat:  E         encountered on the command line or the Enter key is pressed./C isallmrth-eat:  V         You can use one of the following list devices: LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, PRN,t:  5         COM1, COM2, AUX. The default is PRN.s: LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, PRN,t:  -        COM1, COM2, AUX. The default is PRN.s: LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, PRN,t:  ~        COM1, COM2, AUX. The default is PRN.s: LPT1, LPT2, LPT3, PRN,t:  H        **** DOS ****             PROMPT  (Set System Prompt)  CommandLPT3, PRN,t:  -       **** DOS ****             PROMPT  (Set System Prompt)  CommandLPT3, PRN,t:  &Purpose: To set a new system prompt.MPT  (Set System Prompt)  CommandLPT3, PRN,t:  -Purpose: To set a new system prompt.MPT  (Set System Prompt)  CommandLPT3, PRN,t:  Format:  PROMPT [prompt-text]prompt.MPT  (Set System Prompt)  CommandLPT3, PRN,t:  -Format:  PROMPT [prompt-text]prompt.MPT  (Set System Prompt)  CommandLPT3, PRN,t:  NRemarks: All text after the PROMPT command line is taken by DOS as the new, PRN,t:  N         system prompt. If no parameter is specified, the normal DOS prompt is, PRN,t:           assumed.rompt. If no parameter is specified, the normal DOS prompt is, PRN,t:  O         Meta-strings can be imbedded in the text in the form $c , where c is PRN,t:           one of the following:mbedded in the text in the form $c , where c is PRN,t:  V            $ the $ character, t the time, d the date, p the current directoryt:  O            of the default drive, v the version number, n the default driverectoryt:  U            letter, g the ">" character, l the "<" character, b the "|" charac-yt:  S            ter, q the "=" character, h a backspace and erasure of the previousc-yt:  S            character, e the escape character, - the CR LF sequence (new line).c-yt:  B         Any other characters are ignored by the PROMPT command.uence (new line).c-yt:  -        Any other characters are ignored by the PROMPT command.uence (new line).c-yt:  Type:    Externalcharacters are ignored by the PROMPT command.uence (new line).c-yt:  -Type:    Externalcharacters are ignored by the PROMPT command.uence (new line).c-yt:  ~Type:    Externalcharacters are ignored by the PROMPT command.uence (new line).c-yt:  2        **** DOS ****           RECOVER  CommandPROMPT command.uence (new line).c-yt:  -       **** DOS ****           RECOVER  CommandPROMPT command.uence (new line).c-yt:  NPurpose: To recover files from a disk that has become defective. A file thatine).c-yt:  L         contains a bad sector can be recovered minus the bad sector. If theatine).c-yt:  H         directory  has  been  damaged, all the files on the disk can be theatine).c-yt:           recovered. has  been  damaged, all the files on the disk can be theatine).c-yt:  -        recovered. has  been  damaged, all the files on the disk can be theatine).c-yt:  +Format:  RECOVER [d:][path]filename[.ext] the files on the disk can be theatine).c-yt:  
           orOVER [d:][path]filename[.ext] the files on the disk can be theatine).c-yt:           RECOVER d:][path]filename[.ext] the files on the disk can be theatine).c-yt:  -        RECOVER d:][path]filename[.ext] the files on the disk can be theatine).c-yt:  QExample: RECOVER B:PROG  - will cause the disk file PROG from the default dire-).c-yt:  O                           ctory in drive B to be read sector-by-sector, skipp-e-).c-yt:  M                           ing the bad sectors. The bad sectors are allocatedp-e-).c-yt:  M                           in a system table, to prevent future allocation ofp-e-).c-yt:  )                           those sectors.ble, to prevent future allocation ofp-e-).c-yt:  N         RECOVER A:      - will recover all contents of the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  -        RECOVER A:      - will recover all contents of the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  Type:    External:      - will recover all contents of the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  -Type:    External:      - will recover all contents of the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  ~Type:    External:      - will recover all contents of the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  9        **** DOS ****          RENAME or REN    Command the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  -       **** DOS ****          RENAME or REN    Command the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  :Purpose: To change the name and the extension of a file.the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  -Purpose: To change the name and the extension of a file.the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  9Format:  RENAME [d:][path]filename[.ext] filename[.ext].the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  -Format:  RENAME [d:][path]filename[.ext] filename[.ext].the disk in drive A.-e-).c-yt:  QRemarks: A path can be specified only with the first filename. The renamed file).c-yt:  +         will remain in the same directory.h the first filename. The renamed file).c-yt:  -        will remain in the same directory.h the first filename. The renamed file).c-yt:  NExample: RENAME A:LETTER.TXT REPORT   will rename the filename LETTER.TXT toile).c-yt:  -                                      REPORT.rename the filename LETTER.TXT toile).c-yt:  P         REN \LEV1\GAME.COM GAME1.COM   renames the file GAME.COM in directorye).c-yt:  3         \LEV1 from the default drive to GAME1.COM.he file GAME.COM in directorye).c-yt:  -        \LEV1 from the default drive to GAME1.COM.he file GAME.COM in directorye).c-yt:  Type:    Internal the default drive to GAME1.COM.he file GAME.COM in directorye).c-yt:  -Type:    Internal the default drive to GAME1.COM.he file GAME.COM in directorye).c-yt:  ~Type:    Internal the default drive to GAME1.COM.he file GAME.COM in directorye).c-yt:  B        **** DOS ****             RESTORE  (Fixed disk)  CommandM in directorye).c-yt:  -       **** DOS ****             RESTORE  (Fixed disk)  CommandM in directorye).c-yt:  FPurpose: To restore one or more files from diskette to a fixed disk. directorye).c-yt:  -Purpose: To restore one or more files from diskette to a fixed disk. directorye).c-yt:  8Format:  RESTORE d: [d:][path][filename[.ext]][/S][/P] a fixed disk. directorye).c-yt:  -Format:  RESTORE d: [d:][path][filename[.ext]][/S][/P] a fixed disk. directorye).c-yt:  PRemarks: The files being restored must have been previously placed on the dis-e).c-yt:  Q         kette using the BACKUP command. The first d: parameter is the backup).c-yt:  O         diskette drive. The second parameter is the fixed disk file to restoreup).c-yt:  N         The parameter /S causes backed up files in all subdirectories to beeup).c-yt:  M         restored in addition to the files in the specified directory itself.eeup).c-yt:  P         The parameter /P causes DOS to prompt you before restoring files thatp).c-yt:  L         have been changed since they were last backed up or that are markedthatp).c-yt:  L         as read-only files. You can then choose to restore the file or not.thatp).c-yt:  U         The RESTORE command sets the ERRORLEVEL as follows: 0 - normal comple-yt:  S         tion, 1 - no files were found to restore, 3 - terminated by user (Ctrle-yt:  O         -Break or Esc), 4 - terminated due to error. These codes can be usedCtrle-yt:  N         with the batch processing IF subcommand to control subsequent errordCtrle-yt:           level processing.ocessing IF subcommand to control subsequent errordCtrle-yt:  -        level processing.ocessing IF subcommand to control subsequent errordCtrle-yt:  Type:    Externalessing.ocessing IF subcommand to control subsequent errordCtrle-yt:  -Type:    Externalessing.ocessing IF subcommand to control subsequent errordCtrle-yt:  ~Type:    Externalessing.ocessing IF subcommand to control subsequent errordCtrle-yt:  H        **** DOS ****          RMDIR or RD  (Remove Directory) Command errordCtrle-yt:  -       **** DOS ****          RMDIR or RD  (Remove Directory) Command errordCtrle-yt:  :Purpose: Removes a subdirectory from the specified disk.tory) Command errordCtrle-yt:  -Purpose: Removes a subdirectory from the specified disk.tory) Command errordCtrle-yt:  Format:  RMDIR [d:]pathirectory from the specified disk.tory) Command errordCtrle-yt:  
           orIR [d:]pathirectory from the specified disk.tory) Command errordCtrle-yt:           RD [d:]paththirectory from the specified disk.tory) Command errordCtrle-yt:  -        RD [d:]paththirectory from the specified disk.tory) Command errordCtrle-yt:  QExample: RD A:\LEV1\LEV2     will remove the entry for LEV2 from directory LEV1rle-yt:  -Example: RD A:\LEV1\LEV2     will remove the entry for LEV2 from directory LEV1rle-yt:  JRemarks: The directory must be empty before it can be removed, with the ry LEV1rle-yt:  /         exception of the "." and ".." entries.t can be removed, with the ry LEV1rle-yt:  B         The last name in the path is the directory to be removed.ith the ry LEV1rle-yt:  G         The root directory and the current directory can't be removed.he ry LEV1rle-yt:  -        The root directory and the current directory can't be removed.he ry LEV1rle-yt:  Type:    Internalirectory and the current directory can't be removed.he ry LEV1rle-yt:  -Type:    Internalirectory and the current directory can't be removed.he ry LEV1rle-yt:  ~Type:    Internalirectory and the current directory can't be removed.he ry LEV1rle-yt:  D        **** DOS ****              SET  (Set Environment)  Commanded.he ry LEV1rle-yt:  -       **** DOS ****              SET  (Set Environment)  Commanded.he ry LEV1rle-yt:  LPurpose: To insert strings into the command processor's environment. These LEV1rle-yt:  H         strings will be available to all the commands and applications.hese LEV1rle-yt:  -        strings will be available to all the commands and applications.hese LEV1rle-yt:  !Format:  SET [name=[parameter]]e to all the commands and applications.hese LEV1rle-yt:  -Format:  SET [name=[parameter]]e to all the commands and applications.hese LEV1rle-yt:  PExample: SET LEVEL1=LEV1  will add the string LEVEL1=LEV1 to the other strings1rle-yt:  >                          that already are in the environment. the other strings1rle-yt:  I         SET LEVEL1       will remove LEVEL1=LEV1 from the environment.strings1rle-yt:  -        SET LEVEL1       will remove LEVEL1=LEV1 from the environment.strings1rle-yt:  PRemarks: If the SET command is entered with no name specified, it will cause1rle-yt:  @         the current set of environment strings to be displayed.d, it will cause1rle-yt:  J         If a name is specified, but the parameter is not entered, it will cause1rle-yt:  N         cause the current occurrence of name=parameter to be removed from these1rle-yt:           environment.rrent occurrence of name=parameter to be removed from these1rle-yt:  -        environment.rrent occurrence of name=parameter to be removed from these1rle-yt:  Type:    Internalt.rrent occurrence of name=parameter to be removed from these1rle-yt:  -Type:    Internalt.rrent occurrence of name=parameter to be removed from these1rle-yt:  ~Type:    Internalt.rrent occurrence of name=parameter to be removed from these1rle-yt:  8        **** DOS ****             SORT  Filter Commandto be removed from these1rle-yt:  -       **** DOS ****             SORT  Filter Commandto be removed from these1rle-yt:  QPurpose: To read data from the standard input device, sort the data, then writerle-yt:  0         the data to the standard output device.device, sort the data, then writerle-yt:  -        the data to the standard output device.device, sort the data, then writerle-yt:  Format:  SORT [/R] [/+n]tandard output device.device, sort the data, then writerle-yt:  -Format:  SORT [/R] [/+n]tandard output device.device, sort the data, then writerle-yt:  :Remarks: Sorts are done by the ASCII collating sequence.rt the data, then writerle-yt:  5         Tab characters are not expanded with blanks.ence.rt the data, then writerle-yt:  9         The /R parameter will cause a reverse sorting..rt the data, then writerle-yt:  Q         The /+n parameter is an integer that causes the sort to start with therle-yt:  K         column n If no parameters are specified the sort will start at theth therle-yt:           first column.o parameters are specified the sort will start at theth therle-yt:  3         The maximum size of a file to sort is 63K.e sort will start at theth therle-yt:  -        The maximum size of a file to sort is 63K.e sort will start at theth therle-yt:  OExample: SORT /R <NAMES.TXT >SNAMES.TXT   will cause the SORT command to readherle-yt:  J                           the file NAMES.TXT, do a reverse sort, and then readherle-yt:  H                           write the sorted file to the file SNAMES.TXT.en readherle-yt:  O         DIR A: | SORT /+14   will display the directory of the disk in driveherle-yt:  N                           A: sorted by file size (column 14 is where the fileeherle-yt:  O                           size starts). To have the directory displayed alpha-herle-yt:  O                           betically sorted you must omit the column parameter.herle-yt:  -                          betically sorted you must omit the column parameter.herle-yt:  Type:    External        betically sorted you must omit the column parameter.herle-yt:  ~Type:    External        betically sorted you must omit the column parameter.herle-yt:  <        **** DOS ****               SYS  (System)  Commande column parameter.herle-yt:  -       **** DOS ****               SYS  (System)  Commande column parameter.herle-yt:  OPurpose: To transfer the operating system files from the default drive to theherle-yt:           specified drive.e operating system files from the default drive to theherle-yt:  -        specified drive.e operating system files from the default drive to theherle-yt:  Format:  SYS d:d drive.e operating system files from the default drive to theherle-yt:  -Format:  SYS d:d drive.e operating system files from the default drive to theherle-yt:  PRemarks: The directory in the specified drive must be completely empty, or theerle-yt:  P         diskette must have been formatted with a FORMAT d:/S or FORMAT d:/Berle-yt:  H         command in order to contain directory entries for the DOS filesAT d:/Berle-yt:  R         IBMBIO.COM and IBMDOS.COM. DOS startup requires these files to occupyle-yt:  )         the first two directory entries.OS startup requires these files to occupyle-yt:  -        the first two directory entries.OS startup requires these files to occupyle-yt:  Type:    Externaltwo directory entries.OS startup requires these files to occupyle-yt:  -Type:    Externaltwo directory entries.OS startup requires these files to occupyle-yt:  ~Type:    Externaltwo directory entries.OS startup requires these files to occupyle-yt:  4        **** DOS ****                TIME  Commandrequires these files to occupyle-yt:  -       **** DOS ****                TIME  Commandrequires these files to occupyle-yt:  PPurpose: To enter or change the system time. When you change or create a file,pyle-yt:  L         the time is recorded in the disk directory. The time can be changedile,pyle-yt:  2         either from console or from a batch file.y. The time can be changedile,pyle-yt:  -        either from console or from a batch file.y. The time can be changedile,pyle-yt:  Format:  TIME [hh:mm:ss:xx]or from a batch file.y. The time can be changedile,pyle-yt:  -Format:  TIME [hh:mm:ss:xx]or from a batch file.y. The time can be changedile,pyle-yt:  IRemarks: hh is the hour, and it is a one or two digit number from 0-23.gedile,pyle-yt:  L         mm is the minutes, and it is a one or two digit number from 0-59.ile,pyle-yt:  L         ss is the seconds, and it is a one or two digit number from 0-59.ile,pyle-yt:  I         xx is the hundredths of a second, and it is a one or two digit59.ile,pyle-yt:           number from 0-99.edths of a second, and it is a one or two digit59.ile,pyle-yt:  P         The valid delimiters within the time are the colon (:) separating thepyle-yt:  Q         hours, minutes, and seconds, and the period (.) separating the secondsyle-yt:  (         and the hundredths of a second.d the period (.) separating the secondsyle-yt:  N         You do not have to enter all the information, for example if you onlyndsyle-yt:  M         enter the hours and the minutes, the seconds and the hundredths of ayndsyle-yt:            second are set to zero. minutes, the seconds and the hundredths of ayndsyle-yt:  -        second are set to zero. minutes, the seconds and the hundredths of ayndsyle-yt:  Example: TIME 17:29:38.87zero. minutes, the seconds and the hundredths of ayndsyle-yt:  -Example: TIME 17:29:38.87zero. minutes, the seconds and the hundredths of ayndsyle-yt:  Type: Internal7:29:38.87zero. minutes, the seconds and the hundredths of ayndsyle-yt:  -Type: Internal7:29:38.87zero. minutes, the seconds and the hundredths of ayndsyle-yt:  ~Type: Internal7:29:38.87zero. minutes, the seconds and the hundredths of ayndsyle-yt:  G        **** DOS ****              TREE  (Display Directory)  Commands of ayndsyle-yt:  -       **** DOS ****              TREE  (Display Directory)  Commands of ayndsyle-yt:  QPurpose: To display all of the directory paths on a specified drive, and optio-yle-yt:  4         nally list the files in each sub-directory.a specified drive, and optio-yle-yt:  -        nally list the files in each sub-directory.a specified drive, and optio-yle-yt:  Format:  TREE [d:][/F]files in each sub-directory.a specified drive, and optio-yle-yt:  -Format:  TREE [d:][/F]files in each sub-directory.a specified drive, and optio-yle-yt:  TRemarks: The /F parameter will cause TREE to also display the names of all the-yt:  %         files in each sub-directory.use TREE to also display the names of all the-yt:  -        files in each sub-directory.use TREE to also display the names of all the-yt:  HExample: TREE A:/F   >TREE.LST                            ┌──────────┐s of all the-yt:  F            DIRECTORY PATH LISTING FOR VOLUME MYPROGS     │ ROOT DIR │─┐s of all the-yt:  F            Path: \SOURCE                                 └────┬─────┘─┐s of all the-yt:  @            Subdirectories: None                               │─────┘─┐s of all the-yt:  H            Files: PROG1.PAS                          ┌────────┴───────┐s of all the-yt:  H            Path: \OBJECT1                            │                │s of all the-yt:  M            Subdirectories: OBJECT2               ┌───┴────┐      ┌────┴────┐all the-yt:  M            Files: None                           │ SOURCE │      │ OBJECT1 │all the-yt:  M            Path: \OBJECT1\OBJECT2                └────────┘      └────┬────┘all the-yt:  M            Subdirectories: None                  PROG1.PAS            │ Noneall the-yt:  M            Files: MYPROG1.COM                                    ┌────┴────┐all the-yt:  M                                                                  │ OBJECT2 │all the-yt:  M                                                                  └─────────┘all the-yt:  MType:       External                                            MYPROG1.COMall the-yt:  ~Type:       External                                            MYPROG1.COMall the-yt:  4           **** DOS ****             TYPE  Command              MYPROG1.COMall the-yt:  -          **** DOS ****             TYPE  Command              MYPROG1.COMall the-yt:  OPurpose: To display the contents of the specified file on the standard outputl the-yt:           device.splay the contents of the specified file on the standard outputl the-yt:  -        device.splay the contents of the specified file on the standard outputl the-yt:  (Format:  TYPE [d:][path]filename[.ext]e specified file on the standard outputl the-yt:  -Format:  TYPE [d:][path]filename[.ext]e specified file on the standard outputl the-yt:  LRemarks: Data is unformatted except that tab characters are expanded to anputl the-yt:  7         eight-character boundary (8, 16, 24, 32, etc).rs are expanded to anputl the-yt:  L         Press Ctrl-PrtSc if you wish to have the contents of a file printedputl the-yt:  "         as it is being displayed.ish to have the contents of a file printedputl the-yt:  D         The output can also be redirected to a file or the printer. printedputl the-yt:  -        The output can also be redirected to a file or the printer. printedputl the-yt:  Type:    Internal can also be redirected to a file or the printer. printedputl the-yt:  -Type:    Internal can also be redirected to a file or the printer. printedputl the-yt:  ~Type:    Internal can also be redirected to a file or the printer. printedputl the-yt:  ?        **** DOS ****                 VER  (Version)  Commandnter. printedputl the-yt:  -       **** DOS ****                 VER  (Version)  Commandnter. printedputl the-yt:  QPurpose: To display the DOS version number that you are currently working with.the-yt:  -Purpose: To display the DOS version number that you are currently working with.the-yt:  Format:  VERdisplay the DOS version number that you are currently working with.the-yt:  -Format:  VERdisplay the DOS version number that you are currently working with.the-yt:  Type:    Internalay the DOS version number that you are currently working with.the-yt:  -Type:    Internalay the DOS version number that you are currently working with.the-yt:  ~Type:    Internalay the DOS version number that you are currently working with.the-yt:  6        **** DOS ****                VERIFY  Commandare currently working with.the-yt:  -       **** DOS ****                VERIFY  Commandare currently working with.the-yt:  NPurpose: To check if the data written on a disk has been correctly recorded.th.the-yt:  -Purpose: To check if the data written on a disk has been correctly recorded.th.the-yt:  Format:  VERIFY [ON/OFF] data written on a disk has been correctly recorded.th.the-yt:  -Format:  VERIFY [ON/OFF] data written on a disk has been correctly recorded.th.the-yt:  PRemarks: VERIFY ON will remain on until it is turned off with the SET VERIFY.the-yt:  /         System Call or a VERIFY OFF command. turned off with the SET VERIFY.the-yt:  I         When ON, the process of writing data to disk will take longer.VERIFY.the-yt:  K         Entering VERIFY with no parameters will cause DOS to display theRIFY.the-yt:  ;         current state (on or off) of the VERIFY command.S to display theRIFY.the-yt:  -        current state (on or off) of the VERIFY command.S to display theRIFY.the-yt:  Type:    Internalate (on or off) of the VERIFY command.S to display theRIFY.the-yt:  -Type:    Internalate (on or off) of the VERIFY command.S to display theRIFY.the-yt:  ~Type:    Internalate (on or off) of the VERIFY command.S to display theRIFY.the-yt:  ?        **** DOS ****                  VOL  (Volume)  Command display theRIFY.the-yt:  -       **** DOS ****                  VOL  (Volume)  Command display theRIFY.the-yt:  CPurpose: To display the disk volume label of the specified drive.play theRIFY.the-yt:  -Purpose: To display the disk volume label of the specified drive.play theRIFY.the-yt:  Format:  VOL [d:]ay the disk volume label of the specified drive.play theRIFY.the-yt:  -Format:  VOL [d:]ay the disk volume label of the specified drive.play theRIFY.the-yt:  Type:    Internalay the disk volume label of the specified drive.play theRIFY.the-yt:  -Type:    Internalay the disk volume label of the specified drive.play theRIFY.the-yt:  ~Type:    Internalay the disk volume label of the specified drive.play theRIFY.the-yt:  ~Type:    Internalay the disk volume label of the specified drive.play theRIFY.the-yt:  