This is a set of rules and and equipment that was developed several years ago for troop 807 in Pagosa Springs, Colorado. In mid-winter we can go anywere from over 10 feet of snow and extreem cold (on Wolf Creek Pass) to very little or no snow (in New Mexico) in very few miles. This list has changed several times over the years and we are always looking to inprove it. Take it an modify it for your needs and let me know how it works. Gene Haning, 7501,1173. WINTER CAMPING WITH TROOP 807 RULES FOR WINTER CAMPING WITH TROOP 807 1. Anyone who camps with troop 807 must be prepared with proper clothing, sleeping gear, food, water and other equipment for the worst weather expected. Wheather or not you are prepared is determined by the Scoutmaster or other person designated by him. Anyone not prepared may not be allowed to attend the camp out. 2. No horse play that may get you wet--rolling in the snow, playing on ice, etc. 3. We will use the buddy system for all activities. You must stay close to your buddy at all times. Also stay close to the group. There is no need to wander off by yourself. 4. Keep close tabs on your buddy and others in the group. Watch for signs of hypothermia, frostbite, dehydration, exhaustion, etc. Talk to each other. Encourage each other to have a drink of water, eat something, slow down, etc. If you suspect a problem notify one of the leaders. 5. If you feel tired, sleepy, or cold (even just a little bit) tell someone immediately. 6. Shelters for winter camping must be 2 or more man. NO INDIVIDUAL SHELTERS. 7. Avoid having to get up in the night (see sleeping gear). If you must get up in the night, wake your shelter mate and MAKE SURE HE SITS UP. Only go a VERY SHORT DISTANCE from your shelter and only after you have dressed properly. 8. If your shelter mate wakes you in the night, SIT UP AND DO NOT LIE BACK DOWN until he returns. STAY AWAKE. If he does not return soon, get dressed and wake one of the leaders. 9. Use common sense. Ask yourself, "Is this a smart thing to do?" CLOTHING Layering is the best method of dressing for winter activities. By dressing in layers, you can take off or add clothes as needed, depending on the weather and your activity. Over heating can be just as dangerous as getting cold. Perspiration wets your clothing, making you more susceptible to cold later. UNDERWEAR Start with thermal underwear. Polypropyline and wool are good choices, "polypro" because it wicks moisture away from your body and wool because it is still warm when wet. Other fibers and blends are also ok and your choice may depend on what you can afford. If at all possible, avoid cotton as it holds moisture next to your body and is NOT warm when damp. In very cold weather, 2 pair of long thermal pants and shirts may be appropriate. The second pair should fit loosely over the first. SHIRTS Several shirts worn over each other, each one larger than the one under it, is better than one heavy coat. Though it sounds like a lot, a sweatshirt, flannel shirt, another sweatshirt, a bulky sweater and a wind breaker, along with long underwear is not a bad combination. As the temperature and your activity changes you can take off or add shirts to stay comfortable and avoid sweating. The outer shirt or jacket should be of a material that will stop wind and shed snow. Some slick synthetics work well. If you have them, wool is excellent for the other layers. Take a heavy coat, but wear enough layers that you should not need it. PANTS If you can, layer your pants also. Here again, wool is good. As with shirts the outer pair of pants should shed snow and block wind. Some types of ski pants do both well. Blue jeans are not good pants for snow unless you have snow or wind pants to go over them. Snow sticks to them and they are soon wet and cold. FOOT GEAR You need good warm boots for winter camping. Commercial snow packs are good, but, expensive. If your boots use them, you should have an extra pair of felt liners. Over size rubber overboots with the extra space taken up with foam rubber will suffice for snow boots and Scouting literature shows how to make foam rubber mukluks. What ever you use, they should NOT FIT TIGHT. SOCKS Wool and wool blends are best. Avoid cotton. Many people prefer 2 thin pair to one thick pair. Take SEVERAL PAIR, more than you think you will need. HEAD GEAR More heat is lost through the head, face and neck than any other part of the body so a warm hat with ear flaps and a neck scarf are a must. You may want a hat that covers your face. GLOVES OR MITTENS Mittens are warmer than gloves but harder to work in. The best answer is to have both, if you can. In either case they should be insulated and must be covered with a material that snow does not stick to. SLEEPING GEAR SLEEPING BAGS If you have a winter sleeping bag, great. If not you can use several blankets alone or in addition to your summer bag. Wool is best. If used with a bag, they should be folded to fit inside the bag (best) or around it. If used alone, fold them in thirds, one inside the other. Scouting literature also shows how to make foam rubber sleeping systems. GROUND CLOTHS AND PADS Whatever you sleep in, you need to be insulated from the ground or snow. You also need a ground cloth that will still pull up from the snow if it freezes down as is often the case. Plastic trash bags will work and if they tear trying to get them up--no big deal. Open and closed cell foam pads each have merits and disadvantages for winter camping, and which to use is, perhaps, a matter of preference more than anything else. Since low impact camping discourages using tree bows, hay or straw (in fact banned in many areas), newspapers are a good choice for insulation under a sleeping bag. SLEEPING ATTIRE The ideal situation is to have a sleeping system that is warm enough that you can sleep naked. Since this is not the case for most of us it is necessary to bring sufficient clothing (pajamas, long underwear, sweats, etc.) to sleep warm. Don't forget socks. NEVER WEAR ANYTHING TO BED YOU HAVE WORN DURING THE DAY OR PLAN TO WEAR THE NEXT DAY. This is so you go to bed as dry as possible (no perspiration in your clothes) and start the next day dry also. If your sleeping bag does not have a hood, you need a hat that is comfortable to sleep in. Here again, it should be one you have not used during the day. OTHER ITEMS It is never fun to wake up in the night having to go to the bathroom, especially when it is 10 below. As much as possible take care of this before you go to bed. If you do have to urinate in the night, it is possible to do this without having to get out of your sleeping bag. If you are VERY CAREFUL you can use a plastic bottle with a tight lid, a zip lock plastic bag or even a commercial urinal. Provided you are not in bear country it is a good idea to keep one or two candy bars and a water bottle close to your bed. If you wake up in the night, it may be because you started to chill do to lack of energy in your body or dehydration. A candy bar and some water may help. FOOD AND COOKING GEAR You may have heard the term KISMIF as Keep It Simple, Make It Fun. In winter camping it stands for Keep It Simple, Make It Filling. Your food should require little or no preparation and be filling and high energy. Some experts recommend spicy foods as they dilate the circulatory system, keeping the body warmer. However, if you are not use to spicy foods, stick with bland foods on winter outings. Winter camping stresses your system to a certain extent and there is no need to stress it more with spicy foods. On short term winter camp outs, don't worry about excellent nutrition. There is no need to have fresh fruits and vegetables etc. Instead, plan instant, high energy foods. Instant oatmeal, cream of wheat, etc., hot Tang and cocoa make a good breakfast. Trail mix, dried fruit, jerky, granola bars and candy are OK for lunch. Soup (especially with noodles or rice), instant potatoes with butter, macaroni with cheese, etc. are good for dinner along with hot jello and cocoa and tea. Fats and sugars are quick energy sources while complex carbohydrates (starches) such a potatoes, rice, and pasta are longer term energy sources. Proteins (meats) are generally not considered energy sources even though they do provide energy over the long run. COOKING EQUIPMENT Cooking should involve little more than heating water, so equipment can be simple. Small pots and personal mess kits should be all that is needed. STOVES Campfires are often not practical for winter cooking. Chemical stoves are the answer. Remember, compressed gas stoves lose efficiency and may quit working at all in lower elevations and colder weather. SHELTER If there is little or no snow, tents are the shelter of choice. The "arctic" type tents are nice for winter camping but are usually expensive and often hard to set up. Summer tents work OK, especially the dome type. If the snow is deep enough and time permits then snow caves or trenches would be an alternative to tents. They are warmer, if constructed right, and just more fun and rewarding. Care must be taken in constructing snow shelters to stay as dry as possible and avoid over exertion (perspiring).