Insert chart: feddol INTRODUCTION: AN OVERVIEW OF THE 1995 BUDGET The 1995 budget proposes outlays of $1,518.3 billion, receipts of $1,342.2 billion, and a deficit of $176.1 billion (Table I-1). If this outcome is realized, and the deficit for 1994 (already four months old) is as expected, it will mark the third consecutive year the deficit will have decreased (1992, $290.4 billion; 1993, $254.7 billion; 1994, an estimated $234.8 billion)--the first such sequence since the Administration of President Harry S Truman. If the President's health care reform bill is enacted, the 1995 deficit will be even lower: $165.1 billion. (Furthermore, these estimates were made on the basis of economic assumptions as of December 1993. If subsequent developments could have been incorporated into the economic assumptions, the projected deficits over the forecast period--with or without health reform--would have been about $5 billion to $6 billion per year lower.) Table I-1. OUTLAYS, RECEIPTS AND DEFICIT SUMMARY (Dollar amounts in billions) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Outlays: Discretionary............. 542.5 550.1 542.4 543.9 544.3 548.1 554.4 Mandatory: Deposit insurance........ -28.0 -3.3 -11.1 -11.3 -6.1 -4.9 -3.3 Other mandatory.......... 694.9 733.7 774.0 826.1 887.5 949.9 1,023.8 ------------------------------------------------------------- Subtotal, mandatory..... 666.9 730.4 762.9 814.9 881.4 945.0 1,020.5 Net interest.............. 198.8 203.4 213.1 224.8 234.6 245.0 255.2 ------------------------------------------------------------- Total outlays.............. 1,408.2 1,484.0 1,518.3 1,583.5 1,660.3 1,738.2 1,830.2 Receipts................... 1,153.5 1,249.2 1,342.2 1,410.4 1,479.5 1,550.8 1,629.0 ------------------------------------------------------------- Deficit.................... 254.7 234.8 176.1 173.1 180.8 187.4 201.2 Totals as a percent of GDP: Outlays................... 22.4% 22.3% 21.6% 21.3% 21.2% 21.0% 20.9% Receipts.................. 18.3% 18.8% 19.1% 19.0% 18.9% 18.7% 18.6% ------------------------------------------------------------- Deficit.................. 4.0% 3.5% 2.5% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% 2.3% Memorandum--Totals with health reform: Deficit................... 254.7 234.8 165.1 169.6 186.4 190.5 181.1 Deficit as a percent of GDP...................... 4.0% 3.5% 2.4% 2.3% 2.4% 2.3% 2.1% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ The deficit is cut more than 40 percent from the level projected one year ago. As a percentage of GDP, it is projected to be cut in half--from the 5.2 percent that was projected one year ago for 1993 under the policies of the previous Administration, to 2.5 percent in 1995. It is projected to fall to 2.3 percent and remain there for 1996-99, unless the President's health care reform is enacted. With health reform, the deficit is projected to fall to 2.1 percent of GDP in 1999. As the President made clear last year, the difference between a deficit that is falling as a percentage of GDP and one that is merely stable is fundamental health reform. This budget achieves sustained deficit reduction by breaking the bad fiscal habits of the 1980s. o After years of budgets based on borrow and spend economics, this budget maintains fiscal discipline--the discipline established in the President's economic program last year. The tight discretionary spending caps negotiated by the Administration and the Congress--which impose a five-year freeze at about the fiscal year 1993 level, with no allowance for inflation--are obeyed. There are no deficit-increasing changes in entitlement spending or revenues. This budget discipline has already paid enormous dividends: interest rates have declined; business investment in equipment, and household investment in new homes, automobiles, and other consumer durables have increased; and employment growth has returned to the United States. The economy produced almost twice as many jobs in the last year than under the entire preceding Administration. o Where past budgets have practiced trickle-down economics, in the vain hope that tax relief for the most well-off would cause economic growth for the rest, this budget maintains tax fairness. The economic record of the past year demonstrates that growth and fairness need not conflict. The Administration's increases in the Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC) to reward work--a first step toward welfare reform--provide sorely needed tax relief for low-income working families with children. At the same time, the necessary additional taxes to reduce the deficit are being borne by those most able to pay: households with incomes over $200,000 will pay 80 percent of the tax increases enacted in the President's budget package last year. Only the best-off 1.2 percent of households face higher income tax rates. o Where past budgets lacked a long-term view, this budget invests for the future--in the physical infrastructure, scientific and technological knowledge, and worker skills that the private sector needs to be an engine of job creation and productivity growth. The budget also encourages private business investment--through continued deficit reduction and the resulting low interest rates, and through the investment incentives (especially for small business) enacted in the President's economic program last year. These incentives help business to play its role as the ultimate source of long-term prosperity. o In contrast to past budgets, which lacked credibility and were routinely characterized as dead on arrival, this budget dispenses with smoke and mirrors. Its economic assumptions are prudent, and its budget projections are solid. It will be a sound basis for the Congressional budget process and the public debate as well. This introduction identifies and describes the major components of the 1995 budget. It identifies the ways in which budget discipline is attained, and the initiatives that are proposed. The remainder of the budget describes in more detail the economic backdrop for the President's economic plan, the success that the plan has met thus far, and the President's agenda for the future. ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS A year ago, the recovery from the 1990-91 recession was still very fragile; now it is more secure. This transformation was the result of corrective actions taken by the private and public sectors. Households and businesses improved their balance sheets by reducing debt. But most importantly, the Federal Government seriously addressed its own deficit problem. Congress enacted the Administration's deficit reduction plan and refocused spending priorities on productivity-enhancing investment. The return to fiscal responsibility contributed to a fall of one percentage point in long-term interest rates between the election in November 1992 and the end of 1993. Falling rates stimulated key interest-sensitive sectors, pushed the stock market to record highs and reduced the debt servicing costs of governments, households and businesses. By the second half of 1993, households and businesses were willing and able to undertake the investment spending that produces self-sustaining growth. Business and consumer confidence improved as sales picked up, orders increased, payrolls expanded and incomes rose. And even though the economy accelerated during 1993 and the unemployment rate declined, inflation remained well under control. Thus, as 1994 begins, the essential elements for sustained, noninflationary growth are in place. The Administration's economic assumptions through 1999 project a continuation of the trends evident in 1993: real economic growth sufficiently strong to lower unemployment gradually without reigniting inflation (Table I-2). Table I-2. ECONOMIC ASSUMPTIONS\1\ (Calendar years) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Projections 1992 ------------------------------------------------------ Actual 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Gross Domestic Product (GDP): Percent change, fourth quarter over fourth quarter: Current dollars......... 6.7 5.0 5.8 5.6 5.7 5.7 5.7 5.6 Constant (1987) dollars. 3.9 2.3 3.0 2.7 2.7 2.6 2.6 2.5 Implicit price deflator (1987=100)............. 2.8 2.6 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.0 3.0 Consumer Price Index (all urban):\2\ Percent change, fourth quarter over fourth quarter................ 3.1 2.8 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.4 3.4 Unemployment rate, civilian, percent:\3\ Fourth quarter level.... 7.3 6.7 6.4 6.0 5.8 5.6 5.5 5.5 Interest rates, percent: 91-day Treasury bills\4\ 3.5 3.0 3.4 3.8 4.1 4.4 4.4 4.4 10-year Treasury notes.. 7.0 5.9 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ \1\Based on information available as of December 1993. \2\CPI for all urban consumers. \3\Pre-1994 basis. A February 1994 change in survey methodology is expected to add about 0.5 percentage points to the measured unemployment rate. \4\Average rate (bank discount basis) on new issues within period. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ o Between the fourth quarter of 1993 and the fourth quarter of 1994, real GDP is projected to increase 3.0 percent. From 1995 through 1999, the growth rate slows progressively to 2.5 percent. o The unemployment rate is projected to decline 0.3 percentage point in 1994. (The current employment outlook is even more favorable than when these economic assumptions were finalized in December of 1993.) Further decreases of about this magnitude are projected each year through 1998. o Inflation, as measured by the Consumer Price Index, is projected to be 3.0 percent during 1994, compared with 2.8 percent during 1993. As the economy grows further, the inflation rate is assumed to edge up slightly, leveling off at 3.4 percent per year during 1997-1999. o Short-term interest rates are projected to rise moderately from their exceptionally low current levels as the economy expands, while long-term rates are projected to remain unchanged at their levels at the end of 1993--in keeping with sustained low inflation and continued budget discipline. The economic assumptions presume enactment of the Administration's budget proposals. OUTLAYS 1995 outlays are projected at $1,518.3 billion without the Administration's health reform proposal, an increase of $34.3 billion, or 2.3 percent, from 1994 estimates. Later years show continued slow outlay growth. Between 1993 and 1999, total outlays are projected to grow by an average of only 4.5 percent per year, or about one percent in real terms. In contrast, between 1981 and 1993, total outlays grew by an average of 6.3 percent per year. In 1999, projected outlays equal 20.9 percent of the gross domestic product (GDP); in 1993, outlays equaled 22.4 percent of GDP. The Administration's health reform would add a projected $0.6 billion to 1995 outlays. Discretionary Spending Total discretionary outlays decline in 1995, from $550.1 billion in 1994 to $542.4 billion. Defense discretionary outlays decline from an estimated $280.6 billion in 1994 to $271.1 billion in 1995. Non-defense discretionary outlays decrease by almost three percent in real terms--increasing slightly in nominal terms, from an estimated $269.5 billion to $271.3 billion, a rise of $1.8 billion, or 0.7 percent. The reduction in discretionary spending is not a mindless across-the-board cut. Every department and agency was examined to find potential savings that would have the least possible adverse effect on the economy and on delivery of public services. In addition, the President maintained his commitment to investment in physical capital, ideas, and people to strengthen the economy, increase living standards, and create jobs. As a result, although total discretionary spending declines from 1994 to 1995, the change varies from department to department. Seven of the 14 major departments face a budget cut in nominal terms (ten in real terms); and the increases in the others, which implement most of the President's investment, still leave total outlays on the decline in 1995 (Table I-3). Spending cuts. Not surprisingly, given that total discretionary spending is cut, the 1995 budget reduces budget authority in dollar terms--without any increase for inflation--in at least 300 programs, including at least 115 terminations (some listed in Table I-4), and in 228 of 636 programmatic budget accounts. Another 51 of the 636 budget accounts are frozen at the 1994 level, with no increase for inflation; and another 100 receive dollar increases that are less than would be needed to keep up with inflation. Thus, 379 of 636 budget accounts are cut in real terms. The reductions are spread throughout the Government. Low-priority and less-efficient programs are cut or eliminated, to reduce the deficit and to finance investments that strengthen the economy, safeguard the environment, and fight crime. However, even some programs in the President's general investment areas are cut--to free funds for more-efficient programs that pursue the same high-priority objectives better. These include 33 separate program terminations in the Department of Education; some low-income housing reductions in the Department of Housing and Urban Development; the youth training grants under the Job Training Partnership Act in the Department of Labor; mass transit operating subsidies; and three program terminations and numerous reductions in the National Aeronautics and Space Administration. Budget savings are also obtained through the President's Executive Order requiring Federal personnel reductions of 100,000 by 1995, and the National Performance Review recommendation for an additional 152,000 reduction by 1999; and the President's Executive Order requiring administrative expense reductions of 3 percent in 1994, increasing to 14 percent in 1997. Table I-3. DISCRETIONARY SPENDING BY AGENCY (In billions of dollars) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Projections Agency 1993 ---------------------------------------------- Actual 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cabinet Agencies: Agriculture.............. BA 15.6 16.4 15.4 15.5 15.7 15.7 15.8 OL 14.6 16.2 15.7 15.5 15.6 15.7 15.9 Commerce................. BA 3.2 3.6 4.2 4.5 4.7 5.0 6.0 OL 2.9 3.4 3.6 4.3 4.7 4.9 5.5 Defense.................. BA 262.6 250.0 252.9 244.2 241.0 247.5 253.8 OL 280.1 268.4 259.9 249.9 245.4 245.5 246.3 Education................ BA 23.7 24.4 26.1 26.3 26.5 23.7 26.9 OL 23.0 24.5 24.0 25.8 26.3 26.5 26.7 Energy................... BA 19.3 18.6 18.0 18.3 18.3 18.6 19.0 OL 18.0 19.0 17.9 18.6 18.4 18.6 18.9 Health and Human Services BA 31.6 34.3 35.4 36.2 38.0 39.3 41.2 OL 32.0 36.6 36.8 38.8 40.4 42.3 44.0 Housing and Urban Development............. BA 25.5 25.1 26.1 33.5 35.2 37.5 38.8 OL 25.0 27.5 29.5 30.5 31.2 31.2 31.9 Interior................. BA 7.1 7.5 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.5 OL 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.4 7.5 7.5 7.5 Justice.................. BA 9.3 9.4 12.1 14.3 15.2 16.0 17.3 OL 9.2 9.7 10.6 12.9 14.3 15.5 17.1 Labor.................... BA 9.9 10.6 11.7 12.0 12.5 12.5 12.6 OL 9.5 10.0 10.4 11.3 11.8 12.3 12.4 State.................... BA 4.9 5.3 4.9 4.7 4.8 4.8 5.0 OL 4.9 5.4 5.0 4.8 4.9 4.9 5.0 Transportation........... BA 13.5 11.2 13.5 13.2 12.4 13.2 13.2 OL 34.1 36.2 36.8 38.0 38.2 38.4 38.6 Treasury................. BA 10.1 10.3 10.4 10.8 10.6 10.4 10.1 OL 9.9 10.4 10.3 10.7 10.6 10.3 10.2 Veterans Affairs......... BA 16.7 17.6 17.8 18.3 18.9 18.9 18.9 OL 16.3 17.4 18.0 18.4 18.8 18.9 18.9 Major Agencies: Environmental Protection Agency.................. BA 6.9 6.7 7.2 7.4 7.7 7.9 8.2 OL 6.1 6.8 6.9 7.1 7.4 7.6 7.8 National Aeronautics and Space Administration.... BA 14.3 14.5 14.3 14.4 14.5 14.6 14.6 OL 14.3 14.2 14.4 14.4 14.4 14.5 14.6 National Science Foundation.............. BA 2.7 3.0 3.2 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 OL 2.4 2.8 2.9 3.0 3.2 3.3 3.4 All Other Agencies....... BA 27.9 25.5 26.5 27.9 28.0 23.7 17.6 OL 28.2 29.4 26.9 29.1 29.1 20.9 17.9 Judicial Branch........... BA 2.4 2.6 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 OL 2.4 2.6 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8 Legislative Branch........ BA 2.3 2.3 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 OL 2.3 2.4 2.5 2.7 2.8 2.9 3.0 Total, Discretionary...... BA 509.6 498.8 512.2 517.7 520.3 526.0 535.8 OL 542.5 550.1 542.4 546.1 547.8 544.4 548.3 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table I-4. ILLUSTRATIVE LISTING OF PROGRAMMATIC TERMINATIONS AND REDUCTIONS (In millions of dollars) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Change: Number 1993 Enacted 1994 Estimate 1995 Estimate 1994 to 1995 Change -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- -------------------- --------- BA O BA O BA O BA O ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ PROGRAMMATIC TERMINATIONS Non-Defense Discretionary Programs........................ 2,947.8 3,024.4 1,777.0 1,962.5 12.5 1,055.8 -1,764.5 -906.7 106 Defense Discretionary Programs... 2,099.0 371.8 1,736.1 973.8 259.1 1,205.6 -1,477.0 231.8 9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Programmatic Terminations. 5,046.8 3,396.2 3,513.1 2,936.3 271.6 2,261.4 -3,241.5 -674.9 115 PROGRAMMATIC REDUCTIONS Non-Defense Discretionary Programs........................ 38,343.1 30,977.2 39,081.7 35,978.5 30,510.9 33,330.1 -8,570.8 -2,648.4 71 Defense Discretionary Programs... 122,386.4 108,346.8 118,404.8 112,664.1 107,987.0 110,490.6 -10,417.8 -2,173.5 35 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Total Programmatic Reductions... 160,729.5 139,324.0 157,486.5 148,642.6 138,497.9 143,820.7 -18,988.6 -4,821.9 106 Total............................ 165,776.3 142,720.1 160,999.7 151,578.9 138,769.5 146,082.1 -22,230.2 -5,496.8 221 PROGRAMMATIC TERMINATIONS Department of Agriculture: Section 32--oilseed export subsidies...................... 50.0 50.0 50.0 50.0 ......... ......... -50.0 -50.0 Cooperative State Research Service, Earmarked Buildings and Facilities................. 52.0 45.0 23.0 51.0 ......... 54.0 -23.0 3.0 Rural Development Administration (RDA)/Emergency Community Water Assistance Grants.............. 30.0 7.0 10.0 11.0 ......... 18.0 -10.0 7.0 Farmers Home Administration (FmHA): State Mediation Grants. 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ......... 2.0 -3.0 -1.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agriculture Total.............. 135.0 105.0 86.0 115.0 ......... 74.0 -86.0 -41.0 4 Department of Commerce: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): Operations, Research and Facilities: Cooperative Geodetic Survey... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ......... 0.2 -0.6 -0.3 Land Information System....... 1.7 1.7 1.2 1.4 ......... 0.6 -1.2 -0.8 Marine Observation Buoys...... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ......... 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 Chesapeake Bay Observation Buoys........................ 0.4 0.2 0.4 0.3 ......... 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 Wetlands Management Demonstration................ 1.8 1.0 0.5 0.8 ......... 0.3 -0.5 -0.5 Algal Bloom Crisis............ 0.5 0.3 0.4 0.4 ......... 0.1 -0.4 -0.2 Stuttgart Aquaculture......... 0.6 0.6 0.6 0.6 ......... 0.2 -0.6 -0.3 Stock Management Plan......... 0.5 0.6 0.5 0.5 ......... 0.2 -0.5 -0.3 Atlantic Bluefin Tuna Research 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.3 ......... 0.1 -0.3 -0.2 U.S./Canada Lobster Study..... ......... ......... 0.3 0.2 ......... 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 Center for Shark Research..... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ......... 0.1 -0.1 -0.1 Columbia River Hatcheries..... 10.3 11.7 10.3 10.9 ......... 4.5 -10.3 -6.4 Columbia River Smolt.......... 0.1 0.1 0.1 0.1 ......... ......... -0.1 -0.1 Beluga Whale Committee........ 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 ......... 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 Fishery Observer Training..... 0.1 0.1 0.2 0.1 ......... 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 Export Strategies/Mahi-Mahi... 0.8 0.7 0.8 0.7 ......... 0.3 -0.8 -0.4 National Acid Precipitation Assessment................... 1.4 1.4 1.4 1.4 ......... 0.6 -1.4 -0.8 Wind Profiler Demonstration Network...................... 4.4 4.4 4.4 4.4 ......... 1.9 -4.4 -2.5 Fed/State Weather Mod. Grants. 2.6 2.6 3.0 2.8 ......... 1.2 -3.0 -1.6 Southeastern Storm Research... 0.4 0.3 0.4 0.3 ......... 0.2 -0.4 -0.2 VENTS......................... 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 ......... 1.1 -2.5 -1.4 SE US/Caribbean FOCI Program.. 1.0 1.0 0.5 0.7 ......... 0.3 -0.5 -0.4 GLERL Zebra Mussel............ 0.9 0.9 0.9 0.9 ......... 0.4 -0.9 -0.5 Lake Champlain Study.......... 0.2 0.2 0.3 0.2 ......... 0.1 -0.3 -0.1 Pacific Island Technical Assistance................... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 ......... 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 Sea Grant--Zebra Mussel....... 2.8 2.6 2.8 2.7 ......... 1.2 -2.8 -1.5 National Coastal R&D Institute 1.3 1.2 1.1 1.1 ......... 0.5 -1.1 -0.7 National Undersea Research Program...................... 16.0 15.6 18.1 17.1 ......... 7.3 -18.1 -9.8 Samoa Weather Office.......... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 ......... 0.1 -0.2 -0.1 Regional Climate Centers...... 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 ......... 1.3 -3.0 -1.7 Construction: Charleston Fisheries Lab Repairs...................... 0.7 0.5 0.7 0.7 ......... 0.6 -0.7 -0.1 Boston Biotechnology Innovation Center............ 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.8 ......... 0.8 -1.0 0.1 Mystic Maritime Education and Research Center.............. 1.0 0.2 1.0 0.8 ......... 0.8 -1.0 0.1 Alaska Fisheries Center....... 0.1 0.6 0.5 0.4 ......... 0.3 -0.5 -0.0 Beaufort Laboratory........... 0.2 0.2 0.2 0.2 ......... 0.1 -0.2 -0.0 Columbia River Facilities..... 7.9 6.1 8.2 7.9 ......... 6.8 -8.2 -1.1 Multispecies Aquaculture Center....................... 0.4 0.1 1.0 0.4 ......... 0.7 -1.0 0.3 Oxford Fisheries Lab.......... ......... ......... 0.8 0.1 ......... 0.5 -0.8 0.3 Lafayette Fisheries Lab....... ......... 0.8 2.0 0.6 ......... 1.2 -2.0 0.6 National Estuarine Research Reserves..................... ......... ......... 5.0 0.8 ......... 3.1 -5.0 2.3 Monitor Marine Sanctuary Museum....................... ......... ......... 0.8 0.1 ......... 0.5 -0.8 0.4 Indiana State University...... ......... ......... 1.4 0.2 ......... 0.9 -1.4 0.6 Ruth Patrick Science Center... ......... ......... 1.0 0.2 ......... 0.6 -1.0 0.5 Newport Marine Science Center. 1.7 0.3 1.8 1.4 ......... 1.5 -1.8 0.1 Fishing Vessel Obligation Guarantees..................... 0.5 0.3 0.5 0.9 ......... ......... -0.5 -0.9 Aircraft Procurement and Modernization.................. ......... ......... 43.0 6.0 ......... 13.8 -43.0 7.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Commerce Total................. 68.2 63.5 124.0 76.3 ......... 55.5 -124.0 -20.8 46 Department of Defense: Begin closure of Uniformed Services University of Health Sciences....................... 84.0 69.0 86.0 82.0 70.0 73.0 -16.0 -9.0 Navy CH-53 Heavy Cargo Helicopter Procurement......... 494.6 65.8 291.1 194.1 41.1 254.1 -250.0 60.0 Navy SH-60B Ship-Based Anti-Submarine Warfare Helicopter..................... 234.5 31.2 188.0 98.5 ......... 133.7 -188.0 35.2 Navy SH-60F Carrier-Based Anti-Submarine Warfare Helicopter..................... 172.2 22.9 42.0 59.9 7.6 68.8 -34.4 8.9 Navy HH-60H Combat Search and Rescue Helicopter.............. 116.5 15.5 256.3 70.1 39.9 123.1 -216.4 53.0 Air Force F-16 Fighter Aircraft. 676.5 29.1 400.0 175.7 100.5 349.4 -299.5 173.7 LANDSAT 7 Satellite Acquisition. 84.1 18.6 204.0 75.9 ......... 88.3 -204.0 12.4 Follow On Early Warning System Development.................... 236.6 119.7 214.8 190.3 ......... 96.6 -214.8 -93.7 Spacelifter Launch System Development.................... ......... ......... 53.9 27.3 ......... 18.6 -53.9 -8.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Defense Total.................. 2,099.0 371.8 1,736.1 973.8 259.1 1,205.6 -1,477.0 231.8 9 Department of Education: Elementary and Secondary Education: Impact Aid 3(b): payments for military dependents........... 123.6 100.1 123.1 145.6 ......... 31.8 -123.1 -113.8 Impact Aid Section 2: payments for Federal property.......... 16.3 13.2 16.3 19.2 ......... 4.2 -16.3 -15.0 Education for Native Hawaiians. 6.4 6.1 8.2 7.7 ......... 7.1 -8.2 -0.6 Foreign Languages Assistance (school improvement).......... 10.9 15.1 10.9 11.5 ......... 9.6 -10.9 -1.9 Territorial Teacher Training... 1.7 1.8 1.7 1.7 ......... 1.4 -1.7 -0.2 Ellender Fellowships (Close-up Foundation)................... 4.2 6.0 4.2 4.5 ......... 3.7 -4.2 -0.8 Fund for the Improvement and Reform of schools............. 9.1 9.9 9.1 9.6 ......... 7.9 -9.1 -1.7 Civic Education................ 4.3 4.2 4.5 4.2 ......... 3.9 -4.5 -0.3 Follow-through................. 8.5 8.0 8.5 9.9 ......... 7.7 -8.5 -2.2 Dropout Prevention Demonstrations................ 37.5 35.5 37.7 43.8 ......... 34.4 -37.7 -9.4 Law-related Education (Educational Improvement)..... 6.0 5.6 6.0 6.9 ......... 5.4 -6.0 -1.5 Immigrant Education formula grant......................... 29.5 16.3 39.0 34.5 ......... 33.7 -39.0 -0.8 General Assistance to the Virgin Islands................ 2.5 2.3 1.2 2.7 ......... 1.4 -1.2 -1.3 National writing project (U.C. Berkeley grant)............... 3.2 2.8 3.2 3.1 ......... 2.8 -3.2 -0.2 National Board for Professional Teaching Standards............ 4.8 5.1 4.8 8.1 ......... 3.2 -4.8 -4.9 Library Programs: Library Demonstration.......... 2.8 3.5 2.8 3.1 ......... 1.7 -2.8 -1.4 Library Literacy............... 8.1 10.3 8.1 8.9 ......... 4.8 -8.1 -4.1 Public Library Construction.... 16.6 16.9 17.8 23.4 ......... 24.9 -17.8 1.5 College Library Technology..... 3.9 4.9 3.9 4.3 ......... 2.3 -3.9 -2.0 Research Libraries............. 5.8 7.4 5.8 6.4 ......... 3.5 -5.8 -3.0 Library Education and Training. 5.0 6.3 5.0 5.5 ......... 2.9 -5.0 -2.5 Higher Education/Student Financial Aid: Assistance to Guam............. ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... ......... State Student Incentive grants (student aid)................. 72.0 89.0 72.0 72.0 ......... 36.0 -72.0 -36.0 Cooperative Education.......... 14.0 16.0 14.0 14.0 ......... 12.0 -14.0 -2.0 Eisenhower Leadership program.. 3.0 ......... 4.0 3.0 ......... 3.0 -4.0 ......... Law school clinical experience. 10.0 12.0 15.0 11.0 ......... 12.0 -15.0 1.0 Federal Perkins Loans Capital contributions................. 166.0 158.0 158.0 183.0 ......... 142.0 -158.0 -41.0 National Early Intervention Scholarships.................. ......... ......... 2.0 ......... ......... 1.0 -2.0 1.0 Teacher corps.................. ......... ......... 2.0 ......... ......... 1.0 -2.0 1.0 Gallaudet University construction.................. 2.0 3.0 1.0 1.0 ......... 1.0 -1.0 ......... Vocational Education: Bilingual Vocational Training.. 3.0 2.0 3.0 3.0 ......... 2.0 -3.0 -1.0 Vocational Education Community based organizations........... 12.0 9.0 12.0 10.0 ......... 9.0 -12.0 -1.0 Consumer and Homemaking Education..................... 35.0 26.0 35.0 30.0 ......... 28.0 -35.0 -2.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Education Total................ 627.7 596.2 639.8 691.8 ......... 445.5 -639.8 -246.3 34 Department of Energy: Oil shale, fossil energy research and development....... 6.0 6.0 ......... 3.0 ......... 1.0 ......... -2.0 Magnetohydrodynamics, fossil energy research and development 30.0 36.0 5.0 22.0 5.0 14.0 ......... -8.0 Atomic vapor laser isotope separation program, uranium supply and enrichment.......... 1,243.0 1,400.0 177.0 246.0 ......... ......... -177.0 -246.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Energy Total................... 1,279.0 1,442.0 182.0 271.0 5.0 15.0 -177.0 -256.0 3 Environmental Protection Agency: Clean Lakes Demonstration Program........................ 4.0 4.0 5.0 5.0 ......... 3.0 -5.0 -2.0 Rural Water Assistance.......... 5.0 5.0 8.0 6.0 ......... 3.0 -8.0 -3.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- EPA Total...................... 9.0 9.0 13.0 11.0 ......... 6.0 -13.0 -5.0 2 Department of Interior: USGS Water Resources Research Institutes..................... 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 ......... 0.6 -6.0 -5.4 BOM Minerals Institutes......... 11.6 11.6 8.1 8.2 6.5 7.3 -1.6 -0.9 BIA Community Development--Business Enterprise Development Program (Grants)....................... 5.2 5.2 4.0 4.3 ......... 1.2 -4.0 -3.1 BIA Direct Loan Program......... 2.5 2.5 2.5 2.5 ......... ......... -2.5 -2.5 BIA Technical Assistance Grants. 4.3 4.3 4.3 4.3 ......... 1.3 -4.3 -3.0 Office of Surface Mining Rural Abandoned Mine Program......... 13.4 13.4 13.3 13.3 ......... 5.6 -13.3 -7.7 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interior Total................. 43.0 43.0 38.2 38.6 6.5 16.0 -31.7 -22.6 6 Department of Justice: Office of Justice Programs--Byrne Anti-Drug Abuse Formual Grant Program.......... 423.0 413.7 358.0 408.7 ......... 307.2 -358.0 -101.5 1 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): Long Duration Orbiter........... 7.0 4.0 43.0 27.0 ......... 17.0 -43.0 -10.0 Commercial Experiment Transporter.................... 23.0 23.0 15.0 18.0 ......... 6.0 -15.0 -12.0 Advanced Solid Rocket Motor..... 195.0 206.0 178.0 186.0 ......... 77.0 -178.0 -109.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NASA Total..................... 225.0 233.0 236.0 231.0 ......... 100.0 -236.0 -131.0 3 Small Business Administration: SBA grants for tree planting.... 30.0 30.0 18.0 18.0 ......... ......... -18.0 -18.0 SBA earmarked grants............ 19.8 19.8 13.1 13.1 ......... ......... -13.1 -13.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- SBA Total...................... 49.8 49.8 31.1 31.1 ......... ......... -31.1 -31.1 2 Department of State: Bilateral Science and Technology 4.5 4.5 4.3 4.3 ......... 0.6 -4.3 -3.7 1 State Justice Institute.......... 14.0 14.0 7.0 7.0 1.0 1.0 -6.0 -6.0 1 Department of Transportation: Coast Guard: Boating Safety Grants......................... 32.0 35.0 32.0 33.0 ......... 18.0 -32.0 -15.0 FRA: Local Rail Freight Assistance..................... 29.0 7.0 17.0 35.0 ......... 17.0 -17.0 -18.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transportation Total........... 61.0 42.0 49.0 68.0 ......... 35.0 -49.0 -33.0 2 United States Information Agency: North South Center.............. 8.7 8.7 8.7 8.7 ......... ......... -8.7 -8.7 1 ================================================================================================= Total Programmatic Terminations.. 5,046.8 3,396.2 3,513.1 2,936.3 271.6 2,261.4 -3,241.5 -674.9 115 PROGRAM REDUCTIONS Department of Agriculture: Cooperative State Research Service, Earmarked Special Research Grants................ 430.0 397.0 424.0 446.0 419.0 432.0 -5.0 -14.0 Soil Conservation Service: Resource Conservation and Development................... 33.0 35.0 33.0 32.0 26.0 28.0 -7.0 -4.0 Watershed & Flood Prevention Operations.................... 279.0 236.0 267.0 301.0 25.0 105.0 -242.0 -196.0 Great Plains Conservation Program........................ 25.0 23.0 26.0 26.0 11.0 21.0 -15.0 -5.0 Agriculture Stabilization & Conservation Service: Agricultural Conservation Program....................... 194.0 182.0 195.0 216.0 100.0 164.0 -95.0 -52.0 Colorado River Basin Salinity Control Program............... 14.0 16.0 14.0 15.0 8.0 12.0 -6.0 -3.0 Forestry Incentive Program..... 12.0 13.0 13.0 14.0 7.0 10.0 -6.0 -4.0 Commodity Credit Corporation: Market Promotion Program....... 147.0 147.0 100.0 100.0 75.0 75.0 -25.0 -25.0 Rural Electrification Administration: Electric and Telephone Loan Subsidies..................... 210.0 87.0 70.0 135.0 19.0 110.0 -51.0 -25.0 Farmers Home Administration: Multi-family Housing Loans..... 288.0 179.0 298.0 273.0 116.0 290.0 -182.0 17.0 Food and Nutrition Service: The Emergency Food Assistance Program....................... 165.0 163.4 120.2 123.7 40.2 40.0 -80.0 -83.7 Commodity Supplemental Food Program....................... 94.5 77.3 104.5 106.9 94.5 94.9 -10.0 -12.0 PL 480 (Titles I, II, III)..... 1,533.4 1,444.5 1,412.0 1,683.7 1,245.4 1,341.2 -166.6 -342.5 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Agriculture Total............. 3,424.9 3,000.2 3,076.7 3,472.3 2,186.1 2,723.1 -890.6 -749.2 14 Appalachian Regional Commission.. 190.0 145.0 249.0 149.0 187.0 180.0 -62.0 31.0 1 Army Corps of Engineers: Construction, General........... 1,358.0 1,074.0 1,304.0 1,448.0 959.0 1,100.0 -345.0 -348.0 Flood Control and Coastal Emergencies.................... 130.0 53.1 80.0 139.9 15.0 82.5 -65.0 -57.4 General Investigations.......... 172.0 168.0 183.0 205.0 148.0 162.0 -35.0 -43.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Corps of Engineers Total....... 1,660.0 1,295.1 1,567.0 1,792.9 1,122.0 1,344.5 -445.0 -448.4 3 Department of Commerce: National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA): Operations, Research and Facilities: NEXRAD Doppler Weather Radars. 84.5 81.6 120.0 103.6 79.6 90.0 -40.4 -13.6 Construction: NEXRAD WFO Construction.................. 48.4 22.4 62.8 45.2 18.3 52.5 -44.5 7.3 Fleet Modernization, Shipbuilding and Conversion... 28.5 20.6 77.1 18.1 23.0 27.1 -54.0 9.0 National Telecommunications and Information Administration (NTIA): Public Broadcasting Facilities, Planning and Construction..... 20.3 19.0 24.0 20.2 10.7 26.2 -13.3 6.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Commerce Total................. 181.7 143.6 283.8 187.2 131.7 195.8 -152.1 8.6 4 Consumer Product Safety Commission...................... 48.0 42.0 42.0 44.0 40.0 41.0 -2.0 -3.0 1 Department of Defense: Personnel: Reduce Active Military Personnel to 1.526 Million and Reserve Military Personnel to 0.979 Million in 1995......... 65,215.0 61,954.0 62,614.0 62,418.0 60,199.0 60,007.0 -2,415.0 -2,411.0 Reduce Civilian Personnel to 873,000 in 1995............... 44,360 43,340.0 43,325.0 43,349.0 41,736.0 41,773.0 -1,589.0 -1,576.0 Procurement: Army AH-64 Apache Attack Helicopter.................... 139.6 20.9 167.6 68.3 5.6 100.6 -162.0 32.3 Army Guardrail Electronic Intelligence Aircraft Modifications................. 92.5 13.9 111.3 45.3 26.9 70.1 -84.4 24.8 Army Kiowa Warrior Armed Reconnaissance Helicopter..... 319.2 47.9 226.2 133.2 111.8 195.4 -114.4 62.2 Army Avenger Air Defense Missile/Gun system............ 146.9 13.7 135.2 53.6 13.8 103.9 -121.4 50.3 Army Javelin Anti-Armor Missile System........................ 18.3 1.7 207.3 23.8 131.1 78.3 -76.2 54.5 Army Multiple-Launch Rocket System........................ 253.4 23.6 253.6 94.3 60.1 188.2 -193.5 93.9 Bradley Fighting Vehicle Family 93.5 1.9 71.1 40.2 14.1 64.4 -57.0 24.2 Army High Mobility Multi-Purpose Wheeled Vehicle. 218.4 35.6 242.9 113.1 108.1 154.5 -134.8 41.4 Army Family of Heavy Tactical Vehicle....................... 309.5 50.4 403.0 169.7 16.5 217.0 -386.5 47.3 Army Reserve Component Computer Automation System............. 187.7 30.6 162.0 89.7 101.5 118.2 -60.5 28.5 Navy F/A-18C/D Fighter Aircraft 1,134.8 150.9 1,520.4 556.2 1,032.4 974.4 -488.0 418.2 Navy Trident II Submarine Launched Ballistic Missile.... 980.3 150.0 1,098.6 458.9 696.0 786.9 -402.6 328.0 LHD-1 Amphibious Assault Ship Conversion.................... ......... ......... 888.6 45.3 ......... 118.2 -888.6 72.9 Mine Warfare Command Ship Conversion.................... ......... ......... 123.6 6.3 ......... 16.4 -123.6 10.1 Oceanographic Ship............. ......... ......... 109.5 5.6 ......... 14.6 -109.5 9.0 Air Force B-2 Bomber........... 3,831.3 164.7 1,543.4 965.9 800.1 1,817.7 -743.3 851.8 Air Force Advanced Medium-Range Air-to-Air Missile............ 605.8 180.1 487.2 310.6 309.5 357.0 -177.7 46.4 Air Force Space Boosters....... 380.0 112.5 463.2 241.5 381.8 322.7 -81.4 81.2 Air Force Military Satellite Communications Equipment...... 48.6 23.1 70.8 47.6 3.8 26.6 -67.0 -21.0 Defense Support Project Office Major Equipment............... 183.3 37.2 331.4 121.3 11.7 156.8 -319.7 35.5 Research and Development: Army Medical Advanced Technology.................... 248.4 136.6 115.0 147.7 41.0 79.8 -74.0 -67.9 Army Apache Longbow Anti-Armor Missile....................... 290.9 160.0 277.8 251.7 191.3 220.9 -86.5 -30.8 Navy Advanced Submarine Systems 128.1 70.5 140.4 120.0 86.0 104.2 -54.4 -15.8 Navy Ship Self-Defense......... 216.4 119.0 285.8 229.5 192.3 218.1 -93.5 -11.4 Navy Standard Anti-Air Warfare Missile....................... 50.1 27.6 62.3 51.0 11.8 31.2 -50.5 -19.8 Air Force B-2 Bomber........... 1,189.3 601.8 785.8 807.9 408.5 590.8 -377.3 -217.1 Air Force Milstar Satellite.... 1,107.3 560.3 918.4 846.7 625.4 738.5 -293.0 -108.2 Air Force Joint Surveillance Target Attack Radar System.... 313.5 158.6 283.1 251.4 190.4 223.8 -92.7 -27.6 Air Force Tri-Service Stand-off Attack Missile................ ......... ......... 265.4 134.3 81.1 132.6 -184.3 -1.7 Air Force Medium Launch Vehicle 46.6 23.6 71.2 52.1 21.0 39.6 -50.2 -12.5 Air Force Titan Space Launch Vehicles...................... 147.2 74.5 270.1 187.5 161.1 188.7 -109.0 1.2 Special Operations Tactical Systems....................... 121.0 57.1 218.0 149.8 167.4 175.6 -50.6 25.8 Foreign Material Acquisition and Exploitation.............. 9.5 4.5 155.6 77.1 49.9 84.9 -105.7 7.8 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Defense Total.................. 122,386.4 108,346.8 118,404.8 112,664.1 107,987.0 110,490.6 -10,417.8 -2,173.5 35 Department of Energy: Lease Elk Hills, Naval Petroleum Reserves....................... -220.0 -255.0 -211.0 -199.0 -412.0 -398.0 -201.0 -199.0 Nuclear reactor programs, energy supply research and development 319.0 341.0 245.0 365.0 261.0 268.0 16.0 -97.0 Nuclear weapons stockpile support........................ 2,186.0 2,088.0 2,121.0 2,140.0 1,616.0 1,768.0 -505.0 -372.0 Nuclear weapons materials support........................ 1,300.0 1,180.0 1,024.0 1,162.0 878.0 922.0 -146.0 -240.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Energy Total................... 3,585.0 3,354.0 3,179.0 3,468.0 2,343.0 2,560.0 -836.0 -908.0 4 Environmental Protection Agency: Targeted Wastewater Assistance.. 556.0 117.0 558.0 283.0 250.0 397.0 -308.0 114.0 1 Funds Appropriated to the President: Assistance to Central and Eastern Europe................. 400.0 277.6 390.0 346.5 380.0 384.7 -10.0 38.2 1 Department of Health And Human Services: Health Care Financing Administration: Research and Demonstrations.... 68.3 69.5 86.0 69.6 68.6 74.0 -17.4 4.4 Medicare Contractors........... 1,555.6 1,502.8 1,615.3 1,549.6 1,610.3 1,566.0 -5.0 16.4 Health Professions Curriculum Assistance Program............ 265.0 245.0 281.0 265.0 266.0 279.0 -15.0 14.0 Maternal and Child Health Block Grant......................... 665.0 622.0 687.0 653.0 679.0 665.0 -8.0 12.0 Indian Health Services......... 1,863.0 1,742.0 1,947.0 1,949.0 1,700.0 1,804.0 -247.0 -145.0 Low Income Home Energy Assistance Program............ 1,346.0 1,067.9 1,437.4 2,075.7 730.0 790.9 -707.4 -1,284.8 Community Services Block Grant. 440.9 422.8 464.2 474.9 434.6 465.0 -29.6 -9.9 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Health and Human Services Total 6,203.8 5,672.0 6,517.9 7,036.8 5,488.5 5,643.9 -1,029.4 -1,392.9 7 Department of Housing and Urban Development: Public Housing Development...... 402.0 537.0 598.0 552.0 150.0 529.0 -448.0 -23.0 Public Housing Modernization.... 3,193.0 1,647.0 3,230.0 2,164.0 2,786.0 2,501.0 -444.0 337.0 Severely Distressed Public Housing........................ 300.0 ......... 778.0 30.0 500.0 146.0 -278.0 116.0 Elderly Housing New Construction 1,132.0 372.0 1,158.0 381.0 150.0 667.0 -1,008.0 286.0 Low Income Housing Preservation. 600.0 3.0 541.0 44.0 ......... 94.0 -541.0 50.0 Congregate Services............. 21.0 5.0 25.0 11.0 6.0 16.0 -19.0 5.0 Lead-Based Paint Grant Program.. 100.0 1.0 150.0 45.0 100.0 75.0 -50.0 30.0 HOME............................ 1,173.0 212.0 1,275.0 876.0 1,000.0 1,196.0 -275.0 320.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- HUD Total...................... 6,921.0 2,777.0 7,755.0 4,103.0 4,692.0 5,224.0 -3,063.0 1,121.0 8 Department of Interior: Bureau of Reclamation--Construction...... 501.0 470.0 448.0 640.0 381.0 392.0 -67.0 -248.0 Fish and Wildlife Service Construction................... 110.0 73.0 74.0 113.0 35.0 73.0 -39.0 -40.0 National Park Service Construction................... 225.0 257.0 202.0 272.0 149.0 235.0 -53.0 -37.0 Bureau of Indian Affairs Construction................... 150.0 124.0 167.0 138.0 114.0 114.0 -53.0 -24.0 Bureau of Reclamation Loan Program........................ 4.0 4.0 14.0 9.0 4.0 7.0 -10.0 -2.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Interior Total................. 990.0 928.0 905.0 1,172.0 683.0 821.0 -222.0 -351.0 5 Department of Labor: Job Training Partnership Act: Training grants for low-income youth......................... 676.7 699.0 658.7 547.5 598.7 609.8 -60.0 62.3 Migrant and seasonal farm workers....................... 78.3 78.0 85.6 74.5 78.3 81.7 -7.3 7.2 Job Training for the homeless demonstration................. 12.5 9.2 12.5 10.0 5.1 11.7 -7.4 1.7 Community Service Employment for Older Americans........... 396.1 389.0 410.5 386.0 396.1 406.3 -14.4 20.3 Unemployment Trust Fund: State UI Administrative costs....... 2,380.1 2,318.6 2,485.3 2,450.9 2,459.7 2,391.8 -25.6 -59.1 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Labor Total.................... 3,543.7 3,493.8 3,652.6 3,468.9 3,537.9 3,501.3 -114.7 32.4 5 National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA): Space Shuttle & related......... 4,430.0 4,025.0 3,961.0 4,144.0 3,680.0 4,095.0 -281.0 -49.0 Spacelab........................ 112.0 133.0 126.0 125.0 92.0 106.0 -34.0 -19.0 Facilities Construction (Mission Support)....................... 189.0 202.0 222.0 198.0 135.0 201.0 -87.0 3.0 Near Earth Asteroid Rendezvous.. ......... ......... 66.0 39.0 52.0 50.0 -14.0 11.0 Life & Microgravity Sciences.... 408.0 399.0 515.0 459.0 471.0 481.0 -44.0 22.0 Aeronautical Research & Technology..................... 769.0 713.0 1,102.0 960.0 899.0 957.0 -203.0 -3.0 Space Transportation Technology. 115.0 124.0 122.0 120.0 103.0 110.0 -19.0 -10.0 Spacecraft & Remote Sensing Technology..................... 141.0 152.0 156.0 151.0 143.0 147.0 -13.0 -4.0 Mission Communication Services.. 547.0 549.0 589.0 575.0 481.0 516.0 -108.0 -59.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- NASA Total..................... 6,711.0 6,297.0 6,859.0 6,771.0 6,056.0 6,663.0 -803.0 -108.0 9 National Science Foundation: Academic research infrastructure 50.0 18.0 100.0 94.0 55.0 84.0 -45.0 -10.0 1 Department of State: Migration and Refugee Affairs... 620.7 628.0 670.7 592.6 632.9 639.8 -37.8 47.2 1 Department of Transportation: Coast Guard: Alteration of Bridges........................ 13.0 7.0 13.0 24.0 ......... 13.0 -13.0 -11.0 Transit Discretionary Grants.... 1,725.0 1,298.0 1,734.0 1,450.0 1,517.0 1,608.1 -217.0 158.1 Transit Operating Subsidies..... 802.0 802.0 802.0 802.0 600.0 681.0 -202.0 -121.0 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Transportation Total........... 2,540.0 2,107.0 2,549.0 2,276.0 2,117.0 2,302.1 -432.0 26.1 3 Department of the Treasury: United States Customs Service: Air and Marine Interdiction Program....................... 243.0 238.0 233.0 232.0 176.0 182.0 -57.0 -50.0 1 United States Information Agency: Educational and Cultural Exchange Programs.............. 242.3 211.9 242.0 237.3 221.8 231.9 -20.2 -5.4 1 Department of Veterans Affairs: Medical and Prosthetic Research. 232.0 232.0 252.0 252.0 211.0 211.0 -41.0 -41.0 1 ================================================================================================= Total Programmatic Reductions.... 160,729.5 139,324.0 157,486.5 148,642.6 138,497.9 143,820.7 -18,988.6 -4,821.9 106 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ *Less than $500 thousand. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Table I-5. PROPOSED INVESTMENTS (Budget authority; dollar amounts in millions) ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Dollar Percent Dollar Percent 1994 Change: Change: Change: Change: 1993 Esti- 1995 1993 to 1993 to 1994 to 1994 to Enacted mate\2\ Proposed 1995 1995 1995 1995 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ECONOMIC SECURITY Infrastructure: Department of Agriculture: Rural Development Initiative: Grant levels............... 878 1,039 1,148 270 31 109 10 (Loan levels).............. (3,119) (4,046) (5,728) (2,609) 84 (1,682) 42 Department of Transportation: Highways (obligations)\2\... (18,043) (19,978) (20,301) (2,258) 13 (323) 2 Intelligent vehicle highway system (obligations)\2\... (30) (90) (165) (135) 450 (75) 83 Mass transit formula capital grants..................... 54 659 1,115 1,061 # 456 69 (limitation on obligations)\2\........... (844) (954) (1,150) (306) 36 (196) 21 (total budgetary resources) (898) (1,613) (2,265) (1,367) 152 (652) 40 Next generation high speed rail....................... -- -- 28 28 N/A 28 N/A Penn Station redevelopment.. -- 10 90 90 N/A 80 800 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Subtotal, Infrastructure..... 19,849 22,730 23,997 4,148 21 1,267 6 Loan levels................. (3,119) (4,046) (5,728) (2,609) 84 (1,682) 42 Education and Training: Department of Education: School-to-work (Education Department share).......... -- 50 150 150 N/A 100 200 Goals 2000.................. -- 105 700 700 N/A 595 567 Title I, education for the disadvantaged.............. 6,696 6,912 7,579 883 13 667 10 Safe and drug-free schools.. 582 472 660 78 13 188 40 Department of Health and Human Services: Head Start.................. 2,776 3,326 4,026 1,250 45 700 21 Department of Labor: Dislocated Worker Assistance Act........................ 602 1,118 1,465 863 143 347 31 School-to-work (DOL share).. -- 50 150 150 N/A 100 200 One-stop career shopping.... -- 50 250 250 N/A 200 400 Worker profiling............ -- 9 9 9 N/A -- -- Job Corps................... 966 1,040 1,157 191 20 117 11 National Service: National Service Initiative\3\.............. 279 575 850 571 205 275 48 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Subtotal, Education and Training.................... 11,901 13,707 16,996 5,095 43 3,289 24 Technology: Department of Agriculture: USDA-National Science and Technology Council (NSTC).. 161 171 189 28 17 18 11 Department of Commerce: Economic Development Administration, defense conversion................. -- 80 140 140 N/A 60 75 National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) growth, NIST high performance computing, and NIST NSTC.................. 381 520 935 554 145 415 80 Information highways........ -- 26 100 100 N/A 74 285 NOAA NSTC................... 47 64 106 59 126 42 66 Department of Defense: ARPA technology reinvestment project.................... 472 554 625 153 32 71 13 Department of Energy: Conservation R&D/EPAct...... 349 436 654 305 87 218 50 Cooperative R&D agreements.. 151 262 275 124 82 13 5 Advanced neutron source..... 12 17 40 28 233 23 135 Linear accelerator "B-Factory".............. -- 36 44 44 N/A 8 22 Department of Health and Human Services: High performance computing.. 47 58 82 35 74 24 41 National Aeronautics and Space Administration: Mission to Planet Earth..... 932 1,023 1,236 304 33 213 21 Aeronautics initiatives..... 129 289 347 218 169 58 20 High performance computing.. 30 66 76 46 153 10 15 New technology investments.. -- 60 67 67 N/A 7 12 National Science Foundation: NSF research and education.. 2,619 2,891 3,060 441 17 169 6 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Subtotal, Technology......... 5,330 6,553 7,976 2,646 50 1,423 22 Environment: Department of Agriculture: Natural resource protection and environmental infrastructure............. 749 735 782 33 4 47 6 National research initiative 98 112 130 32 33 18 16 Climate change action plan.. -- 2 12 12 N/A 10 500 Pacific Northwest Forest Plan implementation........ -- 60 97 97 N/A 37 62 Department of Commerce: NOAA: rebuild U.S. fisheries 232 231 280 48 21 49 21 Department of Energy: Alternative fuels vehicles.. 28 44 69 41 146 25 57 Federal Facility Energy Efficiency (FFEE).......... 5 16 37 32 640 21 131 Renewable energy programs... 251 341 393 142 57 52 15 Climate change action plan.. -- 17 208 208 N/A 191 # Department of the Interior: Natural resource protection and environmental infrastructure (includes NAFTA environmental activities)................ 1,783 1,813 1,964 181 10 151 8 Pacific Northwest Forest Plan....................... -- 27 71 71 N/A 44 163 South Florida ecosystem restoration................ 26 17 45 19 73 28 165 National Biological Survey.. -- 167 177 177 N/A 10 6 National Spatial Data Infrastructure Initiative.. -- 1 7 7 N/A 6 600 BuRec wastewater reclamation and reuse pilot program (So. Cal.)................. -- 10 10 10 N/A -- -- Climate change action plan.. -- -- -- -- N/A -- -- Corps of Engineers: President's August 1993 wetlands plan.............. 86 92 110 24 28 18 20 Climate change action plan.. -- 1 1 1 N/A -- -- Environmental Protection Agency: Clean water and safe drinking water State revolving funds............ 1,944 1,839 2,300 356 18 461 25 Watershed restoration grants 50 80 100 50 100 20 25 Environmental Technology.... 92 128 172 80 87 44 34 Green Programs.............. 8 26 35 27 338 9 35 Climate change action plan\4\.................... -- 26 76 76 N/A 50 192 Montreal protocol........... 10 10 24 14 140 14 140 NAFTA environmental support. 154 74 179 25 16 105 142 Needy cities\5\............. 100 100 100 -- -- -- -- Wetlands initiative......... -- 31 36 36 N/A 5 16 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Subtotal, Environment........ 5,616 6,000 7,415 1,799 32 1,415 24 Other Economic Security: Department of Agriculture: WIC (Special supplemental food program for women, infants and children)...... 2,860 3,210 3,564 704 25 354 11 Food safety\6\.............. 494 517 534 40 8 17 3 Food safety research........ 16 16 41 25 156 25 156 Department of Defense: Office of Economic Adjustment................. 30 39 39 9 30 -- -- Department of Energy: Conservation: weatherization assistance grants.......... 185 207 250 65 35 43 21 Department of Health and Human Services: Social Security: disability processing and automation investments (budget authority and limitations on obligations)\2\......... 4,823 5,498 5,825 1,002 21 327 6 Department of Housing and Urban Development: Multifamily property disposition\7\............. 93 555 733 640 688 178 32 Incremental housing vouchers 1,307 1,404 2,743 1,436 110 1,339 95 Homeless programs: homeless assistance grants and innovative homeless initiatives program\8\..... 572 823 1,250 678 119 427 52 Moving to independence...... -- -- 149 149 N/A 149 N/A Department of the Treasury: IRS: Tax system modernization.............. 572 694 989 417 73 295 43 Community Development Financial Institutions: Community development financial institutions..... -- -- 144 144 N/A 144 N/A Small Business Administration: Section 7(a) loan guarantees (loan levels).............. (6,410) (7,000) (8,995) (2,585) 40 (1,995) 29 Empowerment zones........... -- -- 27 27 N/A 27 N/A (Loan levels).............. -- -- (375) (375) N/A (375) N/A Small Business Investment Company guarantees......... 13 40 91 78 600 51 128 (Loan levels).............. (74) (326) (730) (656) 886 (404) 124 Legal Services Corporation: Payment to the Legal Services Corporation....... 357 400 500 143 40 100 25 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Subtotal, Other Economic Security.................... 11,322 13,403 16,879 5,557 49 3,476 26 (Loan levels)............... (6,484) (7,326) (10,100) (3,616) 56 (2,774) 38 ==================================================================== Total, Economic Security...... 54,018 62,393 73,263 19,245 36 10,870 17 (Loan levels)............... (9,603) (11,372) (15,828) (6,225) 65 (4,456) 39 HEALTH SECURITY Department of Health and Human Services: Public Health Service: NIH......................... 10,326 10,956 11,473 1,147 11 517 5 Ryan White Act AIDS treatment.................. 348 579 672 324 93 93 16 Immunizations\9\............ 341 528 888 547 160 360 68 Drug Treatment.............. 717 755 1,040 323 45 285 38 -------------------------------------------------------------------- Total, Health Security........ 11,732 12,818 14,073 2,341 20 1,255 10 PERSONAL SECURITY Department of Housing and Urban Development: Community partnerships against crime............... -- -- 265 265 N/A 265 N/A Department of Justice: Community policing........... 150 25 1,720 1,570 # 1,695 # Brady Bill/Criminal records upgrade..................... -- -- 100 100 N/A 100 N/A Border security and illegal immigration initiative...... -- -- 300 300 N/A 300 N/A Other Crime bill (miscellaneous bureaus)..... -- -- 303 303 N/A 303 N/A Employer sanctions and naturalization initiatives.. -- -- 68 68 N/A 68 N/A -------------------------------------------------------------------- Total, Personal Security...... 150 25 2,756 2,606 # 2,731 # ==================================================================== Total, Proposed Investments... 65,900 75,236 90,092 24,192 37 14,856 20 (Loan levels)................ (9,603) (11,372) (15,828) (6,225) 65 (4,456) 39 Memorandum: Discretionary investments.... 65,900 75,236 88,935 23,035 35 13,699 18 Mandatory investments........ -- -- 1,157 1,157 N/A 1,157 N/A ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- *$500 thousand or less. N/A = Not applicable. # = Percentage change of greater than 1,000 percent. \1\Estimates for 1994 include proposed supplementals and rescissions. \2\Budget authority totals include obligation limitations in the Departments of Health and Human Services and Transportation. \3\The 1993 enacted column includes funding for ACTION and the Commission on National and Community Service. All other columns include funding for ACTION and the Corporation for National and Community Service. \4\EPA Climate change action plan estimates are incremental investment estimates. \5\EPA Needy Cities funding for 1994 is a contingent appropriation subject to Congressional authorization. \6\The investment proposal for food safety is the total program level. The 1995 budget proposes to partially offset this program level by a new user fee of $103 million to cover the cost of overtime meat and poultry inspection. \7\Proposal assumes passage of property disposition (PD) reform legislation. Budget authority for 1995 represents a new mandatory spending program whose costs are offset by proposed mandatory program reforms. \8\Estimates for HUD homeless programs for 1995 include funds for the Homeless food and shelter program formerly in the Federal Emergency Management Agency. \9\Immunizations includes $424 million in budget authority in 1995 for mandatory vaccine purchase. ---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Investments. While total discretionary spending declines, budget discipline and spending cuts in every department and agency make room for targeted increases in programs important to the economy and the society. The President requests a total increase of $13.7 billion in budgetary resources, or 18 percent ($7.7 billion in outlays, or 11 percent), in the discretionary spending that embodies much of his investment program (Table I-5). Over the past two budget years, these programs have been increased by a total of $23.0 billion in budgetary resources, or 35 percent ($15.3 billion of outlays, or 23 percent), while total discretionary outlays have decreased by $0.1 billion. These figures demonstrate clearly that this Administration has been making tough choices--maintaining budget discipline and reducing spending, but shifting the limited budget dollars into investment programs that invest in people and contribute to a strong economy. The discretionary investment programs in the 1995 budget include: o Economic growth: investing in people. Substantial investments are proposed in education, ranging from Head Start through title I for disadvantaged elementary students and GOALS 2000 for elementary and secondary school reform, through school-to-work transition assistance for non-college-bound secondary-school students. Training investments include the Workforce Security initiative to provide a new reemployment system, and a significant expansion of the Job Corps. The national service program is expanded, allowing more young people to serve their communities and earn money towards college. Other investments for people include WIC, to nourish pregnant and post-partum women, infants, and children; new resources for dealing with the backlog of Social Security Disability Insurance claims; increases in grants for assistance to the homeless; and food safety inspections and research. Overall investments increase by over 8 percent next year and 23 percent over the next five years. Investments for children increase 10 percent in 1995 and 25 percent in the next five years. o Economic growth: investing in science and technology. The budget strengthens programs that promote growth, job creation, and environmental quality in U.S. businesses through cost-shared, applied research. It provides major increases for the Advanced Technology Program in the National Institute of Standards and Technology of the Department of Commerce; the Technology Reinvestment Project and other dual-use programs in the Department of Defense; and development of the National Information Infrastructure. Support for fundamental science is bolstered through increases in funding for the National Science Foundation and the National Institutes of Health. o Economic growth: investing in infrastructure. The largest investments include full funding of the Intermodal Surface Transportation Efficiency Act (ISTEA) core highways program; a substantial increase of the mass transit formula capital grants; and the Department of Agriculture's rural development initiative. o Economic growth: investing in the environment. Natural resource and environment initiatives in the Departments of Agriculture, Commerce, Energy, Interior, the Corps of Engineers, and the Environmental Protection Agency focus on international issues, such as global climate change; particular U.S. ecosystems, such as the Pacific Northwest Forest; cleanup of Defense, Energy, and Superfund sites; energy conservation; stewardship for safe and clean water and land management; and enforcement of the nation's environmental protection laws. Overall, these investments increase by 4 percent in 1995--and 7 percent over the next five years from spending levels in the previous Administration. o Health investments. Substantial funding increases are provided to the National Institutes of Health, Ryan White Act AIDS treatment program, the President's immunization program, and for drug treatment. Still further investments are included in the President's comprehensive health reform. The increases come to 40 percent over the next five years. o Crime and drug abuse. The Crime Bill currently in the Congress provides a substantial increase for a broad range of activities within the Department of Justice. The President's initiative to put an additional 100,000 police on the streets is one part of the budget plan. Drug treatment--especially for hard-core users--is another important part of the Administration's new strategy. It concentrates resources at the local level and shifts international resources from transit interdiction to in-country efforts against drug production. The increases reach 18 percent in 1995, and 45 percent over the next five years. o National security. The Administration funds--and the President supports as an irreducible minimum--a military that is ready, technologically superior, and oriented to the new threats in our changing world, in keeping with the Bottom-Up Review undertaken last year by the Department of Defense. All of these investments are undertaken within a declining overall level of discretionary spending--made possible through the President's Executive Orders reducing Federal personnel and overhead expenses, and through hard choices among competing priorities. Mandatory Spending Mandatory, or entitlement, spending is projected to increase from $730.4 billion in 1994 to $762.9 billion in 1995, an increase of $32.5 billion, or 4.4 percent, in the absence of the President's health reform. Though projected mandatory outlays grow more rapidly in 1995 than discretionary spending (outlays other than debt service grow by 4.4 percent from 1994, and debt service costs grow by 4.8 percent), mandatory spending growth is significantly below its recent pace. For example, from 1981 to 1993, mandatory outlays other than debt service and deposit insurance grew by 7.2 percent per year; debt service grew by 9.2 percent per year. The slower projected growth for this budget year is due in part to the improving economy, which reduces the Federal Government's unemployment and income-support costs, as well as the costs of deposit insurance; and in part to strict compliance with the pay-as-you-go restrictions on mandatory spending increases in the Budget Enforcement Act. Projected outlay growth in 1995 is distributed unevenly across entitlement categories. Medicare and Medicaid grow 8.9 and 10.6 percent, respectively--much faster than any other category of spending (Table I-6). Other entitlements--Social Security, the other non-means tested entitlements (including Federal employee civilian and military retirement programs, veterans programs, unemployment compensation, and other programs), and the other means-tested entitlements for low-income persons (food stamps, family support assistance, and other programs)--all grow at below or very little more than the average rate of growth of spending, and below the rate of growth of revenues. Table I-6. MANDATORY SPENDING (Dollar amounts in billions) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Social security benefits....... 317.7 334.5 353.7 369.5 389.6 410.8 Federal retirement benefits\1\. 63.0 65.2 67.9 71.3 74.6 78.9 Medicare (pre-reform).......... 141.0 155.4 174.2 192.7 211.8 234.7 Medicaid (pre-reform).......... 87.2 96.4 108.2 121.5 136.3 152.2 Unemployment benefits.......... 26.7 23.0 23.5 23.9 24.0 25.1 Means-tested benefits\2\....... 89.4 96.7 102.4 109.9 116.6 124.0 Deposit insurance.............. -3.3 -11.1 -11.3 -6.1 -4.9 -3.3 Other, including undistributed offsetting receipts........... 8.8 2.7 -3.7 -1.3 -3.1 -1.8 ---------------------------------------------- Mandatory, excluding health reform........................ 730.4 762.9 814.9 881.4 945.0 1020.5 Mandatory without health care reform as a percent of GDP.... 11.0% 10.9% 11.0% 11.2% 11.4% 11.7% Memorandum: Effects on mandatory outlays of the health care reform proposal: Net effect.................... -0.2 0.9 11.7 28.3 43.3 30.8 ---------------------------------------------- Total mandatory with health reform...................... 730.3 763.7 826.6 909.7 988.3 1051.3 Total mandatory with health care reform as a percent of GDP.......................... 11.0% 10.9% 11.1% 11.6% 11.9% 12.0% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- \1\Civil service and military retirement. \2\Food stamps and food aid to Puerto Rico, family support payments, SSI, child nutrition, EITC and veterans pensions. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- This pattern demonstrates again the crucial role of health care costs in the Federal budget. Of all the categories of spending, discretionary or mandatory, health care is far and away the fastest growing. As the President has pointed out on numerous occasions, we will not control our deficit until we achieve fundamental health reform. The President's proposal would reach both of these objectives--as the alternative deficit paths in this budget, with and without health care reform, illustrate. Initiatives. The Administration contemplates several major initiatives in the mandatory spending arena: o Health reform, as discussed above, is essential to long-term control of the Federal budget deficit--and to the health security of all Americans. The President's proposal, presented last year, will provide guaranteed private insurance with a comprehensive package of benefits, and enhance competition among providers and insurers to keep costs down. o Welfare reform will fundamentally revamp a system that encourages dependency rather than independence, and fails to reward work. It will provide the training and services that parents need to support their families--including health coverage--but require responsibility in return. It will simplify what is now an excessively complex system, and give States greater flexibility. o Workforce security--a reemployment system, rather than our outmoded unemployment system--will focus resources on workers who must make the inevitable adjustments in a changing economy. It will screen new job-losers to provide the needed combination of counseling, training, and job-search assistance, in a more accessible, unified system to replace the current patchwork of categorical programs. o The recently negotiated Uruguay Round agreements under the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) will open foreign markets to a broader range of competitive U.S. producers of goods and services than ever before, and thereby increase U.S. incomes and contribute to long-term deficit control. All of these initiatives will be deficit-neutral, in keeping with the pay-as-you-go requirements of the Budget Enforcement Act. RECEIPTS 1995 receipts are projected at $1,342.2 billion, an increase of $93.0 billion, or 7.4 percent, in the absence of the proposed health reform. All new receipts raised by OBRA-93 are deposited in the Deficit Reduction Fund created by an Executive Order of the President. The health reform proposal would add $11.6 billion in receipts, all to pay for health care. Receipts increases in 1995--as did those in 1994--reflect the President's deficit-reduction plan of last year, and the affected receipts sources grow the most rapidly as a result (Table I-7). The budget contains no tax increase proposals. Table I-7. RECEIPTS (Dollar amount in billions) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Individual income taxes.. 550.0 597.2 630.6 663.9 698.6 739.4 Corporation income taxes. 130.7 141.0 146.3 150.3 152.9 157.5 Social insurance taxes and contributions....... 461.9 492.1 518.5 546.1 576.0 604.7 Excise taxes............. 54.6 55.8 56.7 57.8 58.9 60.3 Other receipts........... 52.0 56.0 58.2 61.3 64.4 67.2 ---------------------------------------------------- Total receipts.......... 1,249.2 1,342.2 1,410.4 1,479.5 1,550.8 1,629.0 Total receipts without health care reform as a percent of GDP......... 18.8% 19.1% 19.0% 18.9% 18.7% 18.6% Memorandum: Effect of health care reform proposal on receipts............... -0.1 11.6 16.9 25.6 36.2 44.0 ---------------------------------------------------- Total receipts with health care reform..... 1,249.1 1,353.8 1,427.3 1,505.1 1,586.9 1,672.9 Total receipts with health care reform as a percent of GDP......... 18.8% 19.3% 19.2% 19.2% 19.2% 19.1% ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- DEFICIT As a result of this budget discipline, the deficit is projected to decline in 1995 to $176.1 billion, from the 1994 level of $234.8 billion. If this projection is realized, it will be the first sub-$200 billion deficit since 1989. More reflective of the impact of the deficit, however, is its size relative to the economy. The 1995 deficit is a projected 2.5 percent of the GDP, down from an estimated 3.5 percent for 1994, and an actual 4.9 percent for 1992. At 2.5 percent of GDP, the 1995 deficit is the lowest since 1979. Thus end the economic policies of the 1980s. Without health reform, the deficit is projected to fall to 2.3 percent of GDP for the remainder of the decade. With health reform, the deficit as a percentage of GDP fluctuates in a narrow range as costs and savings from the plan phase in; but by 1999, the deficit falls to 2.1 percent of GDP. This much-improved deficit outlook is confirmed by the projections of the Congressional Budget Office (CBO). On average over the history of five-year budget projections under the two preceding Administrations, CBO projected deficits that were higher by $47 billion per year. In this budget, CBO projects deficits that are lower by an average of $3 billion per year. These figures reflect the major impacts of the President's economic plan--both the first installment enacted last year, and the agenda remaining. The economic plan thus far has contained the deficit, and thereby restored the economy to healthy growth--with rising investment, productivity, and employment. The next stage of the economic plan--centered around health reform, continued budget discipline, and the President's investment program--will put the deficit on a continuing downward path, provide health security to all Americans, and remove further barriers to competitiveness and economic growth. The President is committed to this program of continued deficit reduction and higher investment to achieve long-term economic growth and prosperity for all Americans. This budget begins the second stage of President Clinton's program of economic renewal. THE PRESIDENT'S 1995 BUDGET: THE "NEW DIRECTION" INDEX Economic Growth o Unemployment rate, December 1993.................. 6.4% o Unemployment rate, December 1992.................. 7.3% o Number of private sector jobs created, February 1993-December 1993............................... 1.6 million o Number of private sector jobs created, January 1989-January 1993................................ 1.0 million o Mortgage rate, January 1994....................... 7.09% o Mortgage rate, January 1993....................... 8.22% o Number of Americans who saved money by refinancing their mortgages, 1993............................ 5.4 million o Rate of business investment growth, first three quarters 1993.................................... 16.5% o Rate of business investment growth, 4th quarter 1988-4th quarter 1992............................ 2.2% Fiscal Responsibility o Number of programs terminated in 1995 budget proposal......................................... More than 115 o Number of programs cut below last year's dollar level............................................ More than 300 o Annual spending growth (nominal), 1994 to 1999.... 4.6% o Annual spending growth (nominal), 1981 to 1993.... 6.3% o Annual spending growth (real), 1994 to 1999....... 1.4% o Annual spending growth (real), 1981 to 1993....... 2.2% o Federal spending as share of GDP, average 1994 to 1999............................................. 21.6% o Federal spending as share of GDP, average 1981 to 1993............................................. 23.1% o Deficit as share of GDP, 1997..................... 2.4% o Deficit as share of GDP, 1992..................... 4.9% o Annual discretionary spending growth (nominal), 1994 to 1999..................................... -0.1% o Annual discretionary spending growth (nominal), 1981 to 1993..................................... 4.8% o Annual discretionary spending growth (real), 1994 to 1999.......................................... -2.9% o Annual discretionary spending growth (real), 1981 to 1993.......................................... 1.0% o Annual non-defense domestic discretionary spending growth (nominal), 1994 to 1999................... 1.7% o Annual non-defense domestic discretionary spending growth (nominal), 1981 to 1993................... 4.4% o Annual non-defense domestic discretionary spending growth (real), 1994 to 1999...................... -1.2% o Annual non-defense domestic discretionary spending growth (real), 1981 to 1993...................... 0.6% o Change in public debt as share of GDP, 1994 to 1999............................................. 52.3% to 50.7% o Change in public debt as share of GDP, 1981 to 1993............................................. 26.5% to 51.6% o Number of years of projected consecutive deficit declines, 1993 to 1995........................... 3 o Last President with 3 years of consecutive deficit declines......................................... Truman o Number of Federal employees added, 1981 to 1993... 44,000 o Number of Federal employees cut, 1993 to 1995..... -118,000 o Number of Federal employees cut, 1993 to 1999..... -252,000 o Number of new police officers on the street by 1998............................................. 100,000 o Projected number of Federal employees, 1999....... 1.9 million o Last year Federal employment was below 2 million.. 1966 Investing in People o Increase in Head Start funding by 1995 (over 1993) 45% o Additional children enrolled in Head Start by 1995 (over 1993)...................................... 126,000 o Percent of students able to make income-contingent college loan repayments, 1993.................... Less than 1% o Percent of students able to make income-contingent college loan repayments, 1995.................... 100% o Typical student's savings from lower fees and interest under phased-in loan reforms............ $1,250 o Number of young Americans providing community service for partial loan repayment, 1995......... 33,000 o Increase in Chapter 1 education dollars going to schools in poorest districts by 1998............. 40% o Number of working families getting tax cut to reward work, 1994................................ 15 million o Number of dislocated workers receiving help finding a new job, 1993.......................... 350,000 o Number of dislocated workers receiving help under Workforce Security program....................... 1.3 million o Number of small businesses getting SBA-backed loan guarantees in 1995............................... 35,000 o Average number of small businesses getting such loans yearly in the late 1980s................... 15,000 Keeping America Strong o Average defense budget, Eisenhower Administration (1995 dollars)................................... $243.3 billion o Average defense budget, Ford Administration (1995 dollars)......................................... $249.8 billion o Average defense budget, Nixon Administration (1995 dollars)......................................... $254.8 billion o Proposed defense budget, 1995..................... $252.2 billion --------------------------------------------------------------------- Note: Projected fiscal estimates include health care reform. ---------------------------------------------------------------------