Virtua Fighter FAQ ==================== complete guide version 1.2 January 19, 1994 rez@cwis.unomaha.edu ==================== >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> CONTENTS <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< VIRTUA FIGHTER FAQv1.2 I. CONTENTS II. DEFINITIONS III. INTRODUCTION IV. GETTING STARTED A. (1) How to win B. (2) How to win a set C. (3) Terminology D. (4) The buttons E. (5) Jumping F. (6) Running and all that jazz G. (7) Crouching, standing, and throws H. (8) Replays V. MOVES STANDARD FOR ALL CHARACTERS VI. MOVES SPECIFIC TO EACH CHARACTER A. Akira B. Jacky C. Jeffry D. Kage E. Lau F. Pai G. Sarah H. Wolf VII. FIGHTING TECHNIQUES A. (1) A fury of jabs B. (2) Short jumping attacks C. (3) Distance jumping attacks D. (4) Ring Out E. (5) Waiting for your break F. (6) Kicking as you stand up G. (7) Hit 'em while they're down H. (8) Kickflipping I. (9) Stab 'em in the back J. (10) Pai & her infamous defensive grab VIII. SUDDEN DEATH IX. THE COMPUTER X. PRODUCED BY XI. SPECIAL THANKS XII. GETTING THIS FAQ XIII. ALL COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS, OR ADDITIONS e-mail to rez@cwis.unomaha.edu >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> DEFINITIONS <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< vir tu a (ver'chu a), slang for virtual vir tu al (ver'chu al), adj. for all practical purposes, actual, real fight er (fi'ter), n. 1) a person or thing that fights 2) a person who participates in a violent struggle; combat or conflict; battle; contest vir tu a fight er (ver'chu a fi'ter),n. 1) a person who, for all practical purposes is actually participating in a real battle or contest 2) One of the baddest one on one fighting games to hit the streets whose breathtaking polygon graphics and genuine martial arts moves are sure to captivate players all across the globe >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> INTRODUCTION <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< Different is good. Lately, gamers have been hit pretty hard by a barrage of fighting games ranging from those whose only draw is blood and guts to those whose who resemble a sick horse that should be humanely shot or at least taken to a hospital for a few years... With the release of their first ever fighting game, Sega has broken new ground by designing the only current martial arts game whose draw isn't violence or the ever popular 'magic' moves, but whose draw is realism, fluidity of motion, and genuine martial art techniques. The ability to so successfully meet these goals is due to Sega's Virtua polygon graphics engine which was also used in their popular Virtua Racer. This allows nearly 2,000 flat shaded polygons to be on the screen at one time, and since the fighters are three-dimensional figures made of polygons instead of just flat images, be prepared to be dazzled by more than just the backgrounds. As for the game itself, Virtua Fighter plays like other recent fighting games in some respects. There are 8 characters to choose from, and the basic object of the game is to, through the use of punches, kicks, throws, grabs, pounces, and a variety of other techniques, drain your opponents life meter. The problem is that at this point Virtua Fighter already shows its differences from other fighting games because you can also win by knocking your opponent out of the ring. Another difference is that Virtua Fighter has many more special moves than any previous fighting game; there are over 100 secret techniques to discover. Not to mention that it just _feels_ more like a real battle due to the fluid motion and realistic moves. Needless to say, Virtua Fighter is destined to be remembered as a both a great one on one martial arts game and a spectacular fighting simulator. If you haven't seen one yet, then go check it out at your local arcade. Otherwise, check out the moves and strategies in this FAQ and then use them to help you master this exciting game before someone else gets ahead of you. >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> GETTING STARTED <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< First- How to win the winner is the first player to win 3 sets. NOTE: Virtua Fighter can be adjusted so that the winner wins after winning 2, 3, 4, or 5 sets. on 2, the winner must win 2 out of 3 sets. on 3, he must win 3 out of 5, and so on. factory setting is two sets, but this goes much too fast. four or five is much too long. three sets is where the game plays best for the gamer and still earns well for the operator. if your Virtua Fighter is not put on 3 sets, talk to your local arcade manager about having him do so, for it only takes a few seconds to change over. now then... Second- How to win a set 1) By KO 2) By a 'Ring Out' KO- so thoroughly pulverizing your opponent that you completely drain his life meter Ring Out- somehow or other knocking your opponent out of the 'ring' that you are fighting in Third- Terminology Term Meaning As in ---- ------- ----- VF Virtua Fighter The games this FAQ is about For Forward Moving the joystick towards your opponent Back Back Moving the joystick away from your opponent Down Down Moving the joystick down Up Up Moving the joystick up Def Defend The button that blocks (more below) Punch Punch The button that punches (more below) Kick Kick The button that Kicks (more below) , then For,Down,Back,Up,For (a 360) + and For+Punch (press For & Punch as one) Punch+Def (press Punch & Def as one) / a diagonal direction For/Up (a jump forward) -?- unknown move seen, but don't know how to do :( [ ] double motion move will work fine w/o [ ] part, but better with the stuff in the brackets (#X) repeat # of times repeat the designated move # of times All press all 3 buttons press all 3 buttons Attack a punch or a kick either one is sufficient for the move * a new move a move new to this revision Fourth- The Buttons Standing PUNCH - steps forward with a punch - repeat for a basic attack KICK - a roundhouse to the head - not too powerful or effective DEFEND - blocks your opponent's STANDING attacks so that you do no damage - you are still pushed backwards Crouching PUNCH - stays in one place - quite weak and ineffective KICK - kicks to the knee - very weak - a better defensive measure than crouching punch DEFEND - much like standing defend - BUT you can be hit by some standing attacks and all jumping attacks, like a lunging knee Fifth- Jumping There are TWO TYPES of jumps 1) short jump tap joystick 2) distance jump hold joystick Collision in mid air- will usually just push both players away from each other, & neither one will hit the other. Jumping Attacks 1) Short Jumping Attacks forwards attack Down,For,For/Up+Attack straight up attack Down,Up+Attack backwards attack Down,Back,Back/Up+Attack using this method, the punch or kick will come out automatically. otherwise, you can do a short jump and try to time the attack on your own. short jumping attacks work ok, but the punches & kicks come out in almost slow motion, and you can be knocked down by any attack from your opponent quite easily. 2) Long Jumping Attacks attack late Distance Jump,Attack -don't rely on this too much -kicks work best, they have deceivingly long range attack early (kicks only) Distance Jump+Kick -works good if you're next to your opponent -can work good to catch them off guard Sixth- Running and all that jazz Step Forward Quickly Back,Back Step Backward Quickly For,For Run Forward For,For (Hold For) Turning around tap other way than facing -NOTE: defense doesn't work when you are backwards Seventh-Crouching, Standing, and Throws all crouching moves assume that the joystick has already been moved down. if you want to do the move from the standing position, you must first move the joystick down and then do rest of the movement given. all throws assume that you are standing next to your opponent. Eighth- Replays at the end of every set, the computer will replay the last 5 seconds or so of the fight, and then the winner will do his victory pose. this is a really cool feature, but may soon get irritating. Sega, realizing the positive/negative aspects of such a feature were smart enough to add a way to skip past the replay by simply hitting the START button. this way, you can still watch the replays if you had an especially exciting finish, or you can just hit start and immediately go on to the next set. finally now, the moves... >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> MOVES STANDARD FOR ALL 8 CHARACTERS... <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< Kick 'em while you get up Roundhouse Tap Kick Sweep Hold Down,Tap Kick Double Footed Kick -?- Roll away as you get up Hold Back before you get up Hit 'em while they're down! Up+Punch when they're down Sliding low side kick (not too close) Hold Down/For+Kick >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> MOVES SPECIFIC TO EACH CHARACTER... <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< AKIRA ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Akira Yuki Country: Japan Age: 25 Sex: Male Job: Kung-Fu Teacher Blood Type: O Hobby: Kung-Fu Standing ++++++++ Elbow For+Punch Dashing Elbow For,For+Punch Dashing Hook Punch -?- Rising Roundhouse -?- Sweep -?- Jumping Kick [Double] For,For+Kick,[Kick] Dashing Palm Down,For+Punch Throws ++++++ Push over while tripping Back+Punch *Grab arm, pull into your knee, & shove away Down/Back,For+Punch Grab arm, run under it, & uppercut on them on the way through Back,Down,Back+Punch&Kick (tricky timing) Behind ++++++ -?- Combos ++++++ *Punch and Roundhouse Punch,Kick JACKY ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Jacky Bryant Country: America Age: 22 Sex: Male Job: Indy car racer Blood Type: A Hobby: Training Standing ++++++++ Elbow For+Punch Crescent Kick Def+Kick Backfist [Double Backfist] Back,Punch,[Back+Punch] Backfist [Crescent] Back,Punch,[Kick] *Backfist [Sweep] Back,Punch,[Down,Kick] *Low Backfist [Sweep] Tap Down/Back+Punch,[Kick] *Double Kick Kick,Kick *Strech Kick For,For+Kick Snap Kick Tap Down+Kick Backflip Tap Back/Up Kickflip Tap Back/Up+Kick Crouching Side Kick Down,Def+Kick Throws ++++++ Grab at crotch & shoulder, lift up, & drop them on their shoulders Punch+Def Jumping clothesline For,For+Punch Behind ++++++ DDT Punch+Def Combos ++++++ *Single Punch & Sidekick Punch,Kick *Double Punch & Roundhouse Punch,Punch,Kick JEFFRY ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Jeffry McWild Country: Australia Age: 36 Sex: Male Job: Fisherman Blood Type: A Hobby: Reggae Music Standing ++++++++ Lunging Knee For+Kick Dashing elbow, Clobber For,Back+Punch Dashing low punch [uppercut punch] For,For+Punch,[Punch] *Snap Kick [Clobber] Tap Down+Kick,Punch Throws ++++++ Grab at crotch & shoulder, & fall down on them For+Punch Lift up, put across shoulders, & fall back on them Def+Punch *Grab face (when they're crouching), and throw down Back,Down,For+Punch *Pick up, hold high, throw down Back,Back+Punch Pick up, hold high, spin (?) or break across back (?) -?- Behind ++++++ Lift up sideways with both arms, and drop their back onto your bent knee (ouch) Def+Punch Combos ++++++ *Single Punch & Roundhouse Punch,Kick KAGE ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Kagemaru Country: Japan Age: 21 Sex: Male Job: Ninja Blood Type: B Hobby: Mahjong Standing Elbow For+Punch Sweep For,For+Kick Roll Forwards Back,Down,For Roll Backwards For,Down,Back Roll Forwards into a sweep Back,Down,For+Kick Roll Forwards into a flying kick, feet first For,For+All Backflip Tap Back/Up Kickflip Tap Back/Up+Kick Backflip with a kick Back,Back+Kick Rising Roundhouse Down,Def+Kick Hopping Knee Down,For+Kick Throws Grab arm, & pull over shoulder Punch+Def Roll to your back, & kick enemy into the air Back+Punch Flip legs out from under them For+All Push over while sweeping one of their legs Back,For+Punch Behind Grab their torso, & take down Punch+Def Combos Kicking throw & Distance Jumping Kick Back+Punch,Jump For+Kick *Single Punch & Kick Punch,Kick *Double Punch & Kick Punch,Punch,Kick *Triple Punch & Side Kick Punch,Punch,Punch,Kick LAU ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Lau Chan Country: China Age: 53 Sex: Male Job: Cook Blood Type: B Hobby: Chinese Poem Standing ++++++++ Elbow For+Punch Crescent Kick Def+Kick Backflip Tap Back/Up Kickflip Tap Back/Up+Kick Double Pounce -?- (exact movement ?) Sweep Down,Def+Kick Rising Roundhouse Down,Back+Kick *Knife Hand Down/For,Punch Throws ++++++ Grab their arm, pull across your shoulders sideways, & drop them on the other side Def+Punch Lift over shoulder, & fall back on them Back+Punch Grab face, jump into air, & slam whole body into the ground (powerful) Back,For+Punch Lift up high and do something funky -?- Behind ++++++ -?- Combos ++++++ *Single Punch & Crescent Punch,Kick *Double Punch & Roundhouse Punch,Punch,Kick PAI ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Pai Chan Country: Hong Kong Age: 18 Sex: Female Job: Action Star Blood Type: O Hobby: Dance Standing ++++++++ Crescent Kick Def+Punch Backflip Tap Back/Up Kickflip Tap Back/Up+Kick Punch them on the ground Down/For+Def&Punch (2x) Sweep Down,Def+Punch Rising Roundhouse Down,Back+Kick Throws ++++++ Grabs wrist, twists, & pulls them down Def+Punch Grabs arm, & then jumps into them Back,For+Punch Grabs head, then jumps back onto them For,Down,Back+Punch Trip them, & then punch them on ground For,For+Punch&Kick Grab your opponent's punch or kick Back+Punch Behind ++++++ -?- Combos ++++++ *Single Punch & Spinning Roundhouse Punch,Kick *Double Punch & Side Kick Punch,Punch,Kick *Triple Punch & Crescent Punch,Punch,Punch,Kick SARAH ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Sarah Bryant Country: America Age: 20 Sex: Female Job: College Student Blood Type: AB Hobby: Skydiving Standing ++++++++ Lunging Knee For+Kick Mid Kick Tap Down+Kick Triple Kick [1,2,or 3 kicks] Hold Down/For+Kick [1,2,3X] Backflip Tap Back/Up Kickflip Tap Back/Up+Kick Double footed kick while getting up Tap Kick only (if close) Sweep -?- Crouching Side Kick Down,Def+Kick Throws ++++++ Belly to Belly Suplex Def+Punch Jumping Clothesline For,For+Punch Behind ++++++ Grab their torso, and take down Def+Punch Combos ++++++ Mid Kick & Standing Kick Tap Down+Kick,Kick *Single Punch & Roundhouse Punch,Kick *Double Punch & Sidekick Punch,Punch,Kick *Triple Punch & Knee Punch,Punch,Punch,Kick WOLF ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- Name: Wolf Hawkfield Country: Canada Age: 27 Sex: Male Job: Wrestler Blood Type: O Hobby: Karoke Standing ++++++++ Dashing Clothesline For,For+Punch Dashing Shoulder Back,For+Punch Lunging Knee For+Kick Sweep -?- Rising Roundhouse -?- Throws ++++++ Grab their head, lift them up vertically upside down, & let them fall backwards Def+Punch Grab at crotch & shoulder & throw down For+Punch Grab legs, spin, & let 'em fly! (powerful) Back,Down,For+Punch Behind ++++++ Suplex Def+Punch Combos ++++++ *Single Punch & Roundhouse Punch,Kick >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> FIGHTING TECHNIQUES <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< this part of the guide will hopefully help you to get a head start on learning some of the basic fighting techniques. it tells how each style works, advantages & disadvantages, and sometimes a way to counter it if someone is using it against you. they are listed in the order of their complexity or importance. don't use any one of these techniques too much, because a mixed style is the best technique that you can possibly use. first off, though, realize that VF is mainly a GROUND game. in its attempt to be as close to real fighting as possible, Sega chose to make air attacks fairly worthless. some arts, like Tae Kwon Do, do deal with a certain amount of air attacking, but generally speaking, most martial arts teach solely ground techniques. you'll have a hard time trying to find a tournament with as many people jumping around as you do in any of the sf2 clones. therefore, expect to keep a lot of your game on the ground, but by all means, don't expect this fact to limit VF's game playing variety or fun in any way. it only makes the game more realistic. now then, the techniques... 1) A FURY OF JABS by simply tapping the punch button repeatedly, your character, whomever he (or she) may be, will step forward and punch as they go. most characters will punch 2-4 times, and then pause for a second before they can begin to attack again. -works good... -when your enemy has very little life left -when your enemy is close to the edge of the ring (to get a 'ring out') -sometimes to start the round out with -if they are in the air, you can usually hit them with an attack, and follow that up with two or three punches before they hit the ground -works bad... -if you use it too much -to start the round out too much with it since your opponent can just start his round out with a jumping kick and hit you before you can start punching 2) SHORT JUMPING ATTACKS pretty much worthless against any decent opponent. ok if you can catch them off guard, but they still don't do much damage. the jumping straight up attacks seem to work the best since they let you jump above a sweep or low punch, and then clobber the sucker on the head. 3) DISTANCE JUMPING ATTACKS jumping and kicking _immediately_ works well if they are really close to you or closing in with a fury of punches. jumping and attacking _late_ doesn't works all too well. kicking works better than punching, and it has suprisingly deceptive range. still, jumping and attacking late is best only as a desperation move since you are _so_ vulnerable to being hit. 4) RING OUT knocking your opponent out of the ring is a perfectly legitimate way to win a set. the simplest way to accomplish this is, when they are close to the edge, to use a fury of jabs or a sweep since these attacks will push them backwards even if they defend. note that Kage's feet forward spring pushes people back very far, and that Wolf's spinning throw can throw the person out of the ring if you are lucky :) for that, try to have your back to the edge since that is the direction that he finally lets them fly. 5) WAITING FOR YOUR BREAK One of the more successful defenses can be to simply just crouch w/o holding block and sit below your opponents attacks until they pause in their attack. you can then counter with one of the following. -a power move -like Kage's rising roundhouse or Akira's double motion snap kick. -a throw -you can simply curl the joystick from down to forward or backward and press the appropriate button for a throw that only requires the joystick to move forward or backward (like Jeffry's crotch grabbing throw or Lau's shoulder drop) -you can just press the correct combination of buttons while still crouching for a throw that only requires the pressing of buttons and no joystick motion (like Jacky's shoulder drop or Kage's trip) 6) KICKING AS YOU STAND UP if your opponent knocks you down and then walks up next to you as you lay on the ground, tap kick as you get up and you will immediately do a sweep, a roundhouse, or a double feet first kick to the head region as you stand up, hopefully catching them off guard. any of these kicks will hit your opponent if he's not defending, but each one also has a priority over certain defend stances as well. -a sweep hits a standing person -Hold Down,tap Kick -a roundhouse hits a crouching or jumping person (90% sure) -Hold Up,tap Kick -the double footed kick seem to hit anyone no matter what (90% sure) -seems to be a different way of doing it for every character or, if you don't want to try for a sweep you can roll backwards, and get yourself away from the action by simply holding Back before you stand up. if you are playing someone who is fairly good, they will not usually stay close to you after they knock you down, so don't expect to get too many kicks in. if you have knocked your opponent down, and are expecting him to try to kick you as he gets up, there are some things you can do to counter his kicks if you can outguess him. if you anticipate... -a sweep you do a short jump straight up with a punch or kick, and hit him as you jump over his sweep -a roundhouse you do a sweep -a double footed kick stay away. at this point there seems to be no way to defend this, but we only know how to do it for Sarah. 7) HIT 'EM WHILE THEY'RE DOWN EVERY time you knock your opponent down you should try for a stomp. to do a stomp, simply press Up+Punch. some characters have more than one type of stomp. those players have a different stomp depending on their distance from the fallen opponent. Kage, for example, lands with his head when close, his feet at medium range, and on his knees at far range. Lau can stomp twice if after you do the stomp you hold Down+Punch. 8) KICKFLIPPING all the characters except for Akira, Jeffry, and Wolf can backflip. those who can backflip can do a type of attack called kickflipping, which is a high backwards flip in which the legs can hit the opponent and do major damage besides looking just totally cool. to perform a kick flip with these characters, tap Back/Up+Kick. some hints for future kickflippers -works best to wait for your opponent to walk towards you, totally unexpecting of the disaster that awaits them, and then kickflip them at the last second -it also works well when your opponent is jumping in at you 9) STAB 'EM IN THE BACK if your opponent jumps over you, or somehow get turned around, run at them as soon as you can (if you have a known back side throw). as you are still running, execute the move for your throw, and you'll grab them before they even have a chance to turn around :) note, though, that you can not run at a person and grab them on the front as easily as you can on the back side. 10) PAI AND HER INFAMOUS DEFENSIVE GRAB this move/technique works very well, and it is one of the things that makes her quite popular. with it, she can grab a another person's standing punch or kick, and then throw them down. since the motion is simply Back+Punch, a Pai player can repeatedly tap back and punch, be advancing with the standard fury of jabs, but be ready to grab most any standing attack that is thrown at her. this method is of a somewhat less skillful style than would be one where the player actually uses timing, and presses back & punch only once to go for a specific punch or a throw, but each get the job done just about the same. for those having a hard time against this style of a Pai, this move can be very annoying and difficult to counter. try these approaches and see if they help. -try someone who has a known sweep (like Lau or Pai herself) -never miss a pounce -go for a lot of throws. throws aren't 'cheap' or 'cheesy', especially in this game -do a lot of crouching attack, but realize that they don't do much damage -don't attack with a standing punch or kick unless she has paused in her fury of jabs, since she cannot grab you at this moment >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> SUDDEN DEATH <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< if the final deciding set is a draw, the next round will be a sudden death match on a ring about 1/16 the size of a normal ring. the winner of that match wins by KO or knocking his opponent out of the tiny ring, and usually one person is knocked out after the first or second hit connects. this was a _very_ brilliant and innovative idea for the extra draw round. it is appropriate that a such an originally styled fighting game like VF would had an equally original draw round. if it is not the last set, a draw will award one win to both players. if there is another draw in sudden death, the computer awards one of the two with a win and therefore the game. >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> THE COMPUTER <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< as you fight the computer you will advance up through the ranks in the following order: Jacky, Jeffry, Sarah, Kage, Pai, Wolf, Lau, Akira, Dural Dural is the final opponent that you will fight, and it is a metallic looking female who has all the moves of every character. you will get ONE chance to beat it, and the round will go to one more set than is normal. so if your machine is set to 2 out of 3, you must defeat Dural 3 out of 4, and so on. the tough part is that you will only get ONE chance to defeat Dural, and if you lose- then it's Game Over for you, buddy. one nice touch is that after the game is over (if your last battle was with Dural), the credits run by and the instant replays of the final rounds that you played against all the computer opponents to get up to the end are replayed. the last one is of Dural KO'ing you, unless you beat Dural :) the worst part is that there appear to be no endings. after beating it numerous times (even without continuing) it does seem safe to say that Sega did not include a very important feature in this game. >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> PRODUCED BY <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< Yours truly, Chad E. Reznicek >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> SPECIAL THANKS <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< God.............................................for keeping my head straight as i put this together The Family Fun Center in Omaha, NE........................for Virtua Fighter Shorty.....................................for helping me get a lot of moves Those unnamed players..........................who let me practice with them Andy Eddy.............................................providing his ftp site World Book Dictionary.......................definitions of virtual & fighter >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> GETTING THIS FAQ <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< revisions will be released as needed to keep the information in this guide complete and current. this FAQ will be posted every Friday or as deemed necessary to keep the masses informed. it can also be accessed by anonymous ftp from netcom.com under pub/vidgames/faqs (thanks to Andy Eddy of GamePro magazine). the latest version can also be accessed by fingering the internet address below. >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< >>>>> ALL COMMENTS, SUGGESTIONS, OR ADDITIONS <<<<< >>>>>-------------------------------------------------------------------<<<<< E-Mail directly to me at: rez@cwis.unomaha.edu >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>><<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<< >>