Document 0180
 DOCN  M9460180
 TI    Noncontraceptive effects of hormonal contraceptives: bone mass, sexually
       transmitted disease and pelvic inflammatory disease, cardiovascular
       disease, menstrual function, and future fertility.
 DT    9408
 AU    Burkman RT Jr; Department of Gynecology-Obstetrics, Henry Ford
       Hospital,; Detroit, MI 48202.
 SO    Am J Obstet Gynecol. 1994 May;170(5 Pt 2):1569-75. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/94234246
 AB    Noncontraceptive actions of oral contraceptives (OCs) include hormonal
       effects on bone mass, sexually transmitted disease, pelvic inflammatory
       disease, the cardiovascular system, menstrual function, and future
       fertility. Information about the effects of OCs on bone mass is limited
       and contradictory. Two recent studies failed to show a positive effect
       of OC use on bone mass or density compared with the three
       cross-sectional studies and one longitudinal study that showed favorable
       effects. A recently completed study of 156 healthy females indicated a
       significant correlation between OC use and the rate of change in total
       body bone-mineral content. One study involving depot medroxyprogesterone
       acetate suggests bone density decreases with long-term use of the drug.
       The use of OCs does not reduce the risk of gonococcal or chlamydial
       infection of the lower tract and in fact may enhance spread of lower
       tract infection. However, OCs may exert a protective effect against some
       types of pelvic inflammatory disease. Regarding transmission of human
       immunodeficiency virus, the results of recent studies are conflicting.
       Research related to newer OC formulations containing 35 micrograms or
       less of ethinyl estradiol suggests that the risk of a negative
       cardiovascular effect is substantially reduced. All forms of hormonal
       contraception alter menstrual function to some degree, but most patterns
       improve with duration of use. No evidence exists that hormonal
       contraception permanently affects fertility, although fertility
       restoration may be delayed with some agents.
 DE    Adnexitis/ETIOLOGY  Bone Density/DRUG EFFECTS  Cardiovascular
       Diseases/CHEMICALLY INDUCED  Contraceptives, Oral,
       Hormonal/*PHARMACOLOGY  Female  Fertility/DRUG EFFECTS  Human  Menstrual
       Cycle/DRUG EFFECTS  Sexually Transmitted Diseases/ETIOLOGY  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).