Document 0972
 DOCN  M9470972
 TI    Enhancement of HIV-1 replication in peripheral blood mononuclear cells
       by Cryptococcus neoformans is monocyte-dependent but tumour necrosis
       factor-independent.
 DT    9409
 AU    Orendi JM; Nottet HS; Visser MR; Verheul AF; Snippe H; Verhoef J;
       Department of Clinical Microbiology, University Hospital Utrecht,; The
       Netherlands.
 SO    AIDS. 1994 Apr;8(4):423-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94280713
 AB    OBJECTIVE: To investigate the possible role of Cryptococcus neoformans
       in HIV-1 pathogenesis. DESIGN: An in vitro system was developed to study
       HIV-1 replication in freshly HIV-1-infected peripheral blood mononuclear
       cells (PBMC) incubated with whole azide-killed C. neoformans. METHODS:
       Human PBMC or peripheral blood lymphocytes were infected with
       lymphocytotropic HIV-1 and incubated with azide-killed encapsulated or
       non-encapsulated C. neoformans for 10 days. Viral replication was
       followed by HIV-1 p24 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and median
       tissue culture infective dose determination. Tumour necrosis factor
       (TNF) release by PBMC, induced by C. neoformans, was measured. Anti-TNF
       monoclonal antibodies or pentoxifylline were used to inhibit TNF
       bioactivity. RESULTS: Both encapsulated and non-encapsulated C.
       neoformans enhanced HIV-1 replication in PBMC but not in peripheral
       blood lymphocytes. C. neoformans induced TNF release by PBMC. Inhibition
       of TNF bioactivity did not block C. neoformans-enhanced HIV-1
       replication in PBMC. CONCLUSIONS: C. neoformans can enhance HIV-1
       replication in T cells only in the presence of monocytic cells. This
       enhancement is not dependent on encapsulation nor can it be attributed
       to TNF release.
 DE    Antibodies, Monoclonal/IMMUNOLOGY  Cells, Cultured  Cryptococcus
       neoformans/*PHYSIOLOGY  Human  HIV-1/*PHYSIOLOGY
       Monocytes/CYTOLOGY/*MICROBIOLOGY/PHYSIOLOGY  Pentoxifylline/PHARMACOLOGY
       Tumor Necrosis Factor/IMMUNOLOGY/*METABOLISM  Virus Replication  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE

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