Document 0975
 DOCN  M9470975
 TI    Sexual behavior, sexually transmitted diseases, male circumcision and
       risk of HIV infection among women in Nairobi, Kenya.
 DT    9409
 AU    Hunter DJ; Maggwa BN; Mati JK; Tukei PM; Mbugua S; Department of
       Epidemiology, Harvard School of Public Health,; Boston, MA 02115.
 SO    AIDS. 1994 Jan;8(1):93-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94280710
 AB    OBJECTIVE: To study risk factors for HIV infection among women in
       Nairobi, Kenya, as the epidemic moves beyond high-risk groups. DESIGN: A
       cross-sectional case-control study among women attending two peri-urban
       family planning clinics. METHODS: A total of 4404 women were enrolled
       after giving written informed consent. Information on risk factors was
       obtained by interview using a structured questionnaire. Blood was taken
       for HIV and syphilis testing, and genital specimens for gonorrhea and
       trichomoniasis screening. RESULTS: Two hundred and sixteen women (4.9%;
       95% confidence interval, 4.3-5.5) were HIV-1-positive. Although risk of
       HIV was significantly increased among unmarried women and among women
       with multiple sex partners, most seropositive women were married and
       reported only a single sex partner in the last year. Women with a
       history or current evidence of sexually transmitted disease were at
       significantly increased risk; however, the prevalence of these exposures
       was low. Women whose husband or usual sex partner was uncircumcised had
       a threefold increase in risk of HIV, and this risk was present in almost
       all strata of potential confounding factors. Only 5.2% of women reported
       ever having used a condom. CONCLUSIONS: These data suggest that, among
       women who are not in high-risk groups, risk of HIV infection is largely
       determined by their male partner's behavior and circumcision status.
       Interventions designed to change male sexual behavior are urgently
       needed.
 DE    Adolescence  Adult  *Circumcision  Cross-Sectional Studies  Female
       Human  HIV Infections/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/ETIOLOGY  Kenya/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Male
       Middle Age  Risk Factors  *Sex Behavior  Sexually Transmitted
       Diseases/*EPIDEMIOLOGY  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't,
       P.H.S.  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).