			Reynolds Utilities Instruction Manual

Copyright 1994, Reynolds Marketing, Inc. All rights reserved.
IBM and AT are registered trademarks of International Business Machines 
Corporation. No part of this publication may be reproduced, transmitted, 
transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or 
computer language, in any form or by any means, without the prior written 
consent of Reynolds Marketing, Inc. Printed in the U.S.A. 2/94
			License Agreement

Reynolds Marketing Inc. makes no representations or warranties with respect to 
the contents hereof and specifically disclaims any implied warranties of 
merchantability or fitness for any particular purpose. Further, 
Reynolds Marketing Inc. reserves the right to revise this software, and to 
make changes from time to time in the content hereof without obligation of 
Reynolds Marketing Inc. to notify any person of such revisions or changes.
This program is provided as-is without any warranty of any kind, either 
expressed or implied. The entire risk as to the quality and performance of 
the program is with you, the user. Reynolds Marketing Inc. will in no event be 
liable to you for any damages, including any lost profits or savings arising 
out of the use or inability to use this software.

Reynolds Marketing, Inc.
2130 Mountain View Avenue, Suite 5A
Longmont, Colorado 80501 U.S.A.
1-800-22DRIVE

			Table of Contents
	Welcome
	Navigation Keys				5
	What is a Hard Drive?			6
	Physical vs. Logical Drives		7
	Getting Started				8
	
	Overview
	System					9
	Prevention				9
	Recovery				9
	Analysis				9	
	Automatic				9
	
	System Tools
	Configuration				11
	Directory				11
	Execute					11
	OS Shell				12
	Quit					12
	About					12

	Prevention Tools
	Disk Test				13
	Mirror					14
	Save Root				15
	Save MPH				15
	Save Boot				16

	Recovery Tools
	Load Mirror Data			17
	Restore MPH				19
	Restore Boot				19
	Sector Viewer				20
	Disk Copy				22
	Track Copy				23
	Boot Information			24

	Analysis Tools
	Read Tests				26
	Write Tests				27
	Seek Tests				27
	Loop on Sector				28
	Write/Read Compare			28
	Partition Information			29
	Recalibrate				29
	Reset					29
	Test Drive Ready			29

	Automatic Tools
	Backup					31
	Repair					31

[Welcome]
Reynolds Marketing would like to thank you for purchasing our product. We feel 
that this software package can alleviate some of the fear of loosing your 
valuable data. 
Reynolds Utilities are a collection of tools designed to prevent the loss of 
valuable data on your hard drive. In the event that your hard drive data 
becomes corrupted, excluding a catastrophic drive failure, you will be able to 
recover from common DOS problems.
Most data corruption manifests itself in the form of damage to one or more of 
the following areas of your hard drive:
		o	Partition Table
		o	File Allocation Table
		o	Root Directory
		o	Data Area
Conventional drive backups are a timely and costly process, due to the price 
of the disks or tapes needed to backup all of the data files. 
Reynolds Utilities was developed to be a quick and cost effective method to 
insure data integrity. By backing-up only the areas of the drive prone to 
corruption, you create for yourself a form of insurance policy for your data. 
This software is not meant to be a replacement for conventional data backups, 
but a companion to it, alleviating the need to perform backups as often.

[Navigation Keys]
When navigating through pull-down menu items, you may press the F1 function 
key to get context sensitive help information at any time. When making 
selections at input screens, use the Left and Right Arrow keys to make your 
selections. Hot Keys are color coded red. If you have a mouse, you can select 
a menu item by clicking on it.

[What is a Hard Drive?]
A hard drive is an electromechanical device used for the mass storage of data 
(i.e. programs, word processing and database files). Data is written onto 
rigid platters in concentric circles called tracks. Every platter has two or 
more surfaces depending on the number of platters in the drive. The tracks on 
the top surface have an identically corresponding set of tracks directly 
underneath; and this follows for every platter in the drive. Track zero is 
the outer most track on the platter. There is a corresponding track zero on 
the underside of this platter and another on the top of the next, and so on. 
All of the track zeros line up into a stack called a cylinder. There will be 
a number of cylinders based on the number of tracks per surface.
For every surface there is a corresponding read/write head that magnetically 
reads and writes the data on the disk. Tracks are divided into evenly spaced 
units called sectors.  
The read/write head positions itself, seeks over the data field of the sector 
and either reads the data field or writes to it depending on the operation. 
Each sector on the track holds 512 bytes of data. You can calculate the 
capacity of the drive by using the following formula to establish the physical 
drive configuration:
Capacity = Cylinders x Heads x Sectors/Track x 512 bytes.

[Physical vs. Logical Drives]
Reynolds Utilities performs actions on your drive in one of two ways, to the 
Physical drive and the Logical drive.  The physical drive refers to the hard 
disk as a whole, in the form of cylinder, head and sector accesses, from the 
very first physical sector on the drive to the very last. 
Most users divide the drive up into multiple partitions, or logical drives. If 
you have only one partition, the entire drive is logical drive C:, but if you 
divide the drive in half creating two partitions, you will have logical drive 
C: and logical drive D:. All accesses to logical drives are done in absolute 
sector accesses, zero being the first and then being numbered sequentially to 
the end of the partition.  
In some cases you may want to only test, save or restore data to a single 
logical drive or you may want to perform an operation to the entire physical 
drive. It is imperative that you understand whether the operation is logical 
or physical, so that you know whether the whole drive is involved or only a 
portion of the drive.

[Getting Started]
To install Reynolds Utilities on your hard drive, type:
	C: <ENTER>
	MD RUTILS <ENTER>
	CD RUTILS <ENTER>
	COPY A:\*.* <ENTER>
Reynolds Utilities is now installed on your hard drive. To begin the program, 
type the following information at the DOS prompt:
	RUTILS.EXE <ENTER>
If you are using the keyboard, press the Right and Left arrow keys to 
highlight a menu item and press <ENTER> to select it. You can also press the 
first letter of each menu item to quickly select an item. If you are using a 
mouse, click the left mouse button on a menu item to select it.  
The first time you run Reynolds Utilities, your drive will be identified and 
the configuration written to the disk in a file called RUTILS.CFG. This file 
needs to be in the start-up directory each time the program is executed.

[Overview]
The menu bar consists of five categories of tools, as shown in Figure 1. When 
you select one, a pull-down menu drops down, offering additional choices 
related to that tool.

System		The system menu choice provides tools for communicating
 		with DOS while in Reynolds Utilities. You can check the
 		drive configuration, search for files, execute a DOS
 		command or shell-out to DOS without leaving Reynolds
 		Utilities. Selecting About displays Reynolds 	 Utilities,
 		including its version number.
 
Prevention	Prevention tools are used to backup critical areas of the
  		drive prone to corruption.

Recovery 	This tool is used to restore those critical areas when
 		damage has been done to your drive.

Analysis 	The Analysis tool is used to test the integrity of your
 		drive should you become suspicious of its operation.

Automatic 	This is a quick and easy way to backup or restore all
 		critical areas of the drive, instead of doing them
 		individually.
These topics will be defined in the chapters that follow.

[System Tools]
Configuration
This is used by Reynolds Utilities to identify your drives physical geometry. 
Drive C:, or drive 0, is the first physical drive in the system. Drive D:, or 
drive 1, is the second physical drive in the system, if installed. 
Reynolds Utilities uses this configuration for all accesses to the drive. All 
drive copies or tests are performed using this geometry. It must be kept 
accurate, or only a portion of the drive will be accessed.
Directory
Directory is used to do a quick directory of the drive without leaving 
Reynolds Utilities. At the Directory window, input the file specification to 
search for. Wild cards may be used.
Execute
You can execute any DOS command without leaving Reynolds Utilities. At the 
Execute window, enter the DOS command you wish to execute. The program will 
shell-out to DOS. When you are finished, type exit to return to Reynolds 
Utilities.
OS Shell
Selecting the OS Shell will shell-out to DOS. When you want to return to 
Reynolds Utilities, type exit.
Quit
Quit will return you back to the opening screen. Press the down arrow key to 
exit, and press <ENTER> to return to the DOS prompt.
About
The About box is used to identify which version of Reynolds Utilities you are 
currently running. Reynolds Utilities is a constantly evolving product, and 
when calling for technical support, you will need to tell us which version you 
are running.

[Prevention Tools]
Disk Test
The Disk Test feature is included within the prevention selection so that 
logical drives can be quickly tested. The test is intended to insure the drive 
is in good working order before performing other prevention selections.
If the operating system incurs a problem with the drive, it may perform 
several retries without telling you. If the problem is a read error due to a 
marginal sector or address mark, you may not want to use the area with the 
problem. The information or data stored in this location may be unreadable or 
corrupted. Unfortunately you will not be aware that a problem exists until 
it's too late.  The only way to insure your drive has not developed a problem 
area is to perform a quick Disk Test. When Disk Test is selected, you are 
testing every sector in the selected logical drive or partition.
To perform the test, select the Disk Test menu item.
The selection will prompt:
	 Logical Drive to Test?
simply press the right or left arrow key to make your drive selection
and  press <ENTER>.
The display will be updated so that you can monitor the test progress. All 
errors will be written to a file called DISKTEST.LOG, allowing you to record 
the failure history of your drive.
Mirror
The Mirror selection is designed to save system and file allocation 
information for logical drives.  The File Allocation Table or FAT is a record 
of where files are written on the drive. Files are located by following this 
record. DOS may write a large file in one area or in many areas, wherever 
there is free space. The FAT keeps track of thousands of file locations in 
records called clusters. Problems with this record structure can prevent you 
from accessing or locating previously saved files.  A typical symptom of a 
corrupted FAT is the computer may not start up or boot correctly because DOS 
must locate COMMAND.COM and other important files needed to boot the system.
Some computer viruses will attempt to destroy information on a drive. They do 
this by typically targeting the FAT and Root Directory areas in an effort to 
change or erase the record of where your files are saved.  When you perform 
the Mirror selection, you create a copy of the FAT so if the records are 
corrupted or destroyed you can restore the copy. We recommend performing the 
Mirror selection after movement or changes in files. Many times, files are 
read but not changed. DOS reserves space for files when they are written the 
first time. For this reason, Mirror does not need to be performed unless there 
are new additions to the FAT. Keep in mind that the Mirror keeps a copy of 
your FAT; and when restored, the table will only reflect the records located 
in the copy. Obviously, keeping it current can provide you with a great deal 
of protection from common problems with DOS and computer viruses.
The reason this feature is different from other Mirror programs is that in the 
Recovery selection you can Load Mirror information from your hard drive. The 
Utility program performs a search of your hard drive to locate the information 
rather than rely on the DOS record structure.
The Mirror, Save Root and Save MPH are performed when the Automatic Backup is 
selected. This selection will automatically save the files to the Reynolds 
Master working disk.
NOTE Additional information regarding the recovery of this file is contained 
in the Recovery - Load Mirror section of this manual.
Save Root
The Save Root selection saves a copy of the Root Directory. Used in 
conjunction with the Mirror feature, all file names and all sub directories 
will match the mirror information. The Root Directory keeps a record of where 
sub directories are located as well as file names and information pertaining 
to each file. Computer viruses that attack the FAT will generally erase the 
Root Directory as well. 
The Automatic Backup selection will Mirror, Save Root and Save MPH to the 
Reynolds Utilities Master working disk. Refer to the Automatic selection in 
this manual for additional information.
Save MPH
The Save MPH selection saves a copy of the Master Partition Header. The 
Partition Header contains the partition information for your hard drive. After 
saving this once, you only need to repeat it if you change the partition or 
add additional hard drives. The reason for saving a copy is the partition 
information can be destroyed or corrupted very much like the FAT and root 
directories.
If this happens, the most common problems you may incur are no partitions 
defined or invalid drive specified.  Both errors are easily repaired by 
performing the Recovery - Restore MPH selection. Refer to the Recovery 
selection in this manual for additional information. 
Save Boot
This selection will save the boot sector information. The boot record stores 
information pertaining to the formatted hard drive. DOS uses the information 
when determining what type of device is installed. The boot sector information 
is saved to a file called BOOTREC.

[Recovery Tools]
Load Mirror Data
This selection will search the hard drive for saved Mirror information. After 
the Mirror is located, you can write the mirror to a file or to the hard drive.
If you're not sure if you want to write to the drive, simply choose the Write 
to File selection. You can write it to the drive later. 
When Load Mirror is selected you will be prompted for the following information
Source drive where mirror resides?  Press the left or right arrow key to make 
your selection, then press <ENTER>. Select the physical drive (C: for drive 0 
or D: for drive 1), where the Mirror file is located.
Load Mirror for Drive?  Press the left or right arrow key to make your 
selection, then press <ENTER>. Type the logical drive letter for the mirror 
you wish to restore. Press <ENTER> to continue.
Is this information correct? Press the left or right arrow key to make your 
selection, then press <ENTER>. If you select NO, you will return to the 
previous fields to change source drive or mirror to load. If you press YES, the
search will begin. At this point, you can escape by pressing the [ESC] key. The
search will scan the entire disk; therefore, it may take time to successfully 
locate the appropriate information.
When the mirror information is located, you will be prompted to select one of 
the following options: Write to File, Write to Disk or Quit.

WARNING! The Write to Disk and Write to File operations
will overwrite data on your hard drive. Verify your data
and backup before proceeding.
Write to Disk
The Write to Disk selection writes the Mirror information to your hard drive. 
This feature writes to the reserved area DOS uses for the FAT.
Write to File
This selection writes the Mirror information to the Reynolds Master working 
disk in a file called Newmiror.? The file extension will be a logical drive 
letter such as C:, D:, etc. This allows you to save the file without having 
to perform the search again if you do not have sufficient time to finish the 
data recovery process.

Restore MPH
This feature restores the previously saved file called MPHDRV.? The extension 
will be the physical drive the file belongs to; the reserved area where this 
data is normally located. When this feature is selected, enter the physical 
drive you plan to restore. You will receive an "Are you sure?" prompt. Select 
"yes" before continuing.
The Restore MPH feature can be helpful when your computer incurs boot-up 
problems and does not recognize its hard drive. Typical error messages include 
"Invalid Drive Specified" or "No System."
The area where this data is stored is not normally accessible, so now you have 
another helpful tool to solve DOS problems.
WARNING! The Restore MPH operation will overwrite data on your hard drive. 
Verify your data backup before proceeding.
Restore Boot
Use this tool to restore boot sector information that is saved with the Save 
Boot tool. The most frequent error you may encounter when there is a boot 
sector problem is "Invalid Media Description Byte." This error can usually be 
corrected by restoring the boot sector.
WARNING! The Restore Boot operation will overwrite data
on your hard drive. Verify your data backup before proceeding.

Sector Viewer
The Sector Viewer tool allows you to view the data stored on your drive. It 
operates in an absolute read mode that allows you to view the areas of your 
hard drive that are normally reserved for DOS. The Boot Sector, File Allocation
Table and Root Directory information is readable when traversing though your 
hard drive.
When you select a valid sector, the first 256 bytes will be displayed.
To view the second 256 bytes, press the <PgDn> key. The <PgUp> key allows you 
to return to the first 256 bytes. 
If you want to browse though many sectors, press the <Ctrl> and <PgDn> keys at 
the same time, or  the <Ctrl> and <PgUp> keys to reverse directions. This 
allows a faster inspection of sectors when searching for a specific area. The 
Hot Key identifiers are near the bottom border and the Drive and Sector Number 
identifiers are located near the top.
When interpreting the data, the hexadecimal values are on the left side of the 
screen and the ASCII values are on the right. In the HEX window, the byte that 
is in column 00, row 000 is the hexadecimal equivalent of  the alpha/numeric 
character in the ASCII window at column 0, row 000.  
If the character is unprintable, meaning a character above ASCII value 127, 
the character is represented as a period (.) instead of the actual character.
 
Disk Copy
The Disk Copy tool will create an exact duplicate of the hard drive or an 
absolute copy. For this reason, the Source drive and the Destination drive 
need to be configured the same. Reynolds Utilities does not perform any 
buffering of the data being copied. The two hard drives do not need to be 
physically the same, but logically the same. If the drive types in the CMOS 
setup tables are the same, then you can quickly create exact duplicates of the 
original.
NOTE Make sure the Select-Configuration has been updated to reflect both hard 
drives.  The Starting and Ending Cylinder fields are selectable. When it's not
necessary to copy the entire hard drive, you can easily select a variable 
number of cylinders to copy.
This feature can be used to recover data from drives when you do not wish to 
alter the original drive containing data. By creating a copy, the repair and 
manipulation of files is performed on a drive that has been proven to be fully 
functional.
The Disk Copy feature can also be used to create copies of hard drives to be 
used as backup data. Technology today for tape backups remains much slower 
than hard drive transfers, leading to less frequent data backups by computer 
operators. With the Disk Copy feature, the entire hard drive can be copied to 
a second hard drive in just minutes.
The copy is performed by absolute sector copies. So when the second hard drive
is configured as the only hard drive, it will contain all of the information 
required to successfully boot-up.  The Disk Copy feature can also be used to 
copy data rather than performing software installations over and over when the
final configuration of computers is typically loaded with the same software 
programs.
Track Copy
Similar to Disk Copy, Track Copy performs absolute copies and is very useful 
when hard drives may not be reliable.
The Track Copy function is the easiest and fastest way to backup data files. 
It allows disk-to-disk copies even when the system doesn't boot from the hard 
drive. The track copier is much faster than Disk Copy because larger amounts of
data can be transferred.
Boot Information
This tool reads drive information that may be necessary in the successful 
recovery of lost data. It shows the heads and sectors as well as other useful 
statistics pertaining to the hard drive selected.

[Analysis Tools]
The Analysis menu provides several hard disk diagnostic routines to insure that
your disk is in good working condition. The test routines have been designed 
to be fast and easy to use. Tests are performed sequentially or randomly. The 
sequential test starts at sector zero and proceeds in a linear fashion to the 
last sector on the drive. Random tests work the drive much harder, because of 
the many long seeks involved. If you have an intermittent drive problem, it is
likely it will exhibit itself under the random test.
Read Tests
The Read Test selection performs read tests of every sector on the
drive, allowing you to identify grown or new defects. Use the arrow keys to 
select the available options. 
Any errors that are incurred are displayed in the "Display Error Log" window 
below the test progress window The results are not saved unless the output 
device selected is set to File. If so, all test results are saved to a file 
when the test is completed.

Write Tests
The Write Test is used to identify new defects on the platters, or to test the
drive's write functionality. The same test options that are available in the 
Read tests are available here (see Read Tests).
WARNING! The Write Test operation will destroy all data on
your hard drive. Verify your data backup before proceeding.

Seek Tests
The Seek Test is used to test the drives ability to correctly position
the read/write head(s) over a desired cylinder. The same test options 
available in the Read tests are available here (see Read Tests).

Loop on Sector
This feature allows you to loop on any given sector when analyzing sectors with
test equipment. Loop on Sector will continue its operation until you strike 
any key, then it terminates.

WARNING! Write/Read Compare will destroy all data on your hard drive. Verify 
your data backup before proceeding.
Write/Read Compare
This feature performs write/read compare tests to insure the hard drive is in 
good working condition.

Partition Information
This tool reads drive information that may be necessary to the successful 
recovery of lost data. It shows cluster sizes and other helpful statistics 
about the hard drive.
Recalibrate
The Recalibrate tool performs a BIOS disk command to test the recalibrate disk
command.
Reset
The Reset tool performs a BIOS disk command to perform a disk reset.
Test Drive Ready
This tool performs a BIOS disk command to perform a test drive ready.

[Automatic Tools]
The Automatic menu selections allow you to quickly and automatically backup or
restore critical portions of your hard drive.
Backup
When the Backup tool is selected, you will be prompted to insert the Master 
working copy of your disk into drive A:. After the disk is inserted, press 
<ENTER> and the Partition Table, File Allocation Table and Root Directory of 
the selected hard drive will be backed-up to the floppy drive.

[Repair]
The Repair tool performs an analysis of the current hard drive. Based
on the results of the analysis, Reynolds Utilities will try to correct and 
repair the damaged areas.  When Repair is selected, you will be prompted to 
insert the Master working copy of your disk into drive A:. After the disk is 
inserted, press <ENTER> and the Partition Table, File Allocation Table and 
Root Directory will be written back to the selected drive.
NOTE The Repair feature should always be performed before using the Load Mirror
feature for data recovery.


