THE BRIDGE FUND: ENCOURAGING CAPITALISM ACCION International, a private non-profit organization founded in 1961, sponsors self-help economic development programs in Latin America. ACCION provides loans and basic business training to owners of the smallest of the small-scale businesses. Today, ACCION has local affiliate organizations in 14 countries of the Americas. During 1991 alone, the ACCION network disbursed $63 million to more than 96,667 businesses. Loans averaged the equivalent of US $371 in local currency and were paid back within a period of 3-4 months. ACCION's programs for owners of very small-scale businesses bridge a gap that exists between the supply and demand for fair-rate credit. Without ACCION's intervention, most impoverished business owners have access only to loan shark credit at usurious interest rates. Individuals seeking loans may use any type of equipment or property as collateral, or they may join three or more micro-entrepreneurs to form a Solidarity Group and take a collective loan. These Solidarity Groups represent a substitute for collateral, in that members provide the support necessary to ensure that members repay their portions of the loan. No group member is eligible for another loan until the entire loan has been paid back. Program participants enjoy an average increase in family income of 30% in the first year. Loans of as little as $375 can create an entirely new job. ACCION's record over the years has shown that the self-employed poor are willing and able to take loans at market rates of interest, and are capable of paying them back. Overall, ACCION's affiliates enjoy a 98% payback rate. For millions of men and women, starting a micro- business is the only means of survival. However, without access to commercial credit, it is nearly impossible for these enterprises to keep afloat. Micro-entrepreneurs often find that loan sharks are their only alternative, yet the usurious rates of interest they charge (up to 10% per day!) certainly do not allow these struggling businesses to grow or prosper. Rather, their meager profits are almost entirely used for the repayment of their loans, with little, if any, left over on which to subsist. ACCION's affiliates provide credit at market rates of interest offering micro-entrepreneurs throughout the Americas the opportunity to succeed. What is the Bridge Fund? The Bridge Fund is an important mechanism for funding the loan portfolios of ACCION's affiliates. The Bridge Fund is capitalized with loans and donations from individuals, churches, and institutions. Bridge Fund monies, which remain in the United States, are used as collateral to back guarantees in the form of standby letters of credit issued in favor of local banks in Latin America. With the backing of a letter of credit, these banks then make loans to ACCION's affiliates. The funds received by the affiliates are used exclusively for making loans to micro-entrepreneurs. The Bridge Fund has become an important source of funding for ACCION. The Fund has allowed ACCION's affiliates to tap into an otherwise unavailable funding source, the commercial banks in Latin America, and in so doing, to leverage its resources. As the banks gain confidence in the ability to pay back its loans, ACCION is required to guarantee a decreasing fraction of the credit extended to its local affiliates. The Fund has experienced significant growth in the last few years. Loans and donations from private and government sources, which stood at $575,000 in 1987, climbed to $5.9 million at the end of 1991. This growth is due not only to the Fund's success in attracting new money, but also to the decision of most lenders to roll over their maturing loans. The minimum loan accepted by the Bridge Fund is $10,000. The rate of interest paid varies, based on prevailing market rates. As of late 1992, the maximum rate of interest paid was 2.5% per year. Many lenders, at their own discretion, elect a lower rate of interest. The difference between market interest rates and the rate paid by ACCION represents the margin retained by ACCION to partially cover the Fund's administrative costs. The minimum loan period is 18 months with interest payments made semi-annually and principal paid at maturity. ACCION accepts donations of any size for the Bridge Fund. It is refreshing to find an organization building and strengthening capitalism through capitalist techniques. Your support of the Bridge Fund won't diversify your portfolio, but a loan to the Bridge Fund won't dip into your capital and will help to build the capitalist society in other countries of the Americas that makes capital preservation through international diversification possible. For more information contact: Bridge Fund Department, ACCION International, 130 Prospect Street, Cambridge MA 02139; tel: (617) 492-6930; fax: (617) 876-9509.