Copyright: "Copyright (C) Stephen Chung 1995. Rts reserved."


JWP Main Index
Help Index

To get help for a particular topic, press Tab until the topic is highlighted, then press Enter.  Alternatively, you can point to the topic you want and click the left mouse button.  For more information on how to use Help, press F1.  At any time during this help session, you can always return to this index page by clicking the Index or Contents button on top.

Topics:

Introduction

Entering Text

Moving Around the Document

Managing Kanji's

Special Features

Working with Files

Printing

Technical Support

References:

The JWP Screen

Menu Commands

Romaji Representations of Kana

The JWP Normal File Format

The GNU General Public License

Copyright Notices

Excerpts from CJK.INF regarding Japanese


Introduction

For an introduction to the history and background of JWP, choose one of the following topics:

What is JWP Anyway?

What is the GNU General Public License?

Copyright Notices

Disclaimers

Technical Support


What is JWP Anyway?

JWP is a freeware Japanese word processor, available free to anyone under the terms of the GNU General Public License.  You are welcome to make a copy for your own uses, as well as to distribute it to other people.  The GNU General Public License binds you to the agreement that you always distribute full copies of the program, and that you can charge a distribution fee for distributing it. However, no part(s) of JWP may be included in any commercial product, nor may any commercial product include portion(s) derived from part(s) of JWP, without the explicit permission of the respective copyright holder(s).

When designing JWP, the highest priority was given to basic Japanese word processing functions.  It does not (yet) have fancy font-control and advanced layout features found in other high-end English word processors.  You can always use Japanese PageMaker™ for that purpose.

It is assumed that JWP will be used mainly to handle Japanese text with an occasional English word or two.  The program is not optimized to handle writings with large amount of English text and a few Japanese characters; for those circumstances, it is much better to employ a normal English word processor and paste in Japanese bitmaps.  (See How to Use Cut And Paste for details.)

Please support JWP in any way you feel like; sending a fan mail to some of the people involved in the project sounds nice. (See Technical Support for more details.)

Whenever a specific copyright notice conflicts with the GNU General Public License, the specific copyright provision(s) will take precedence over the GNU General Public License.

No part(s) of JWP may be included in any commercial product, nor may any commercial product include portion(s) derived from part(s) of JWP, without the explicit permission of the respective copyright holder(s).

SEE ALSO:

What is the GNU General Public License?

Copyright Notices

Technical Support


What is the GNU General Public License
What is the GNU General Public License?

A description of the GNU General Public License is shown below, taken directly from the License document itself.  You should have a copy of the License together with this package.  They are in the files called GNUGPL.WRI (Windows Write format), GNUGPL.DOC (Microsoft Word for Windows 2.0 format), GNUGPL.RTF (RTF format) and GNUGPL.TXT (straight text).

The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users at the mercy of those companies.  By contrast, our General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software -- to make sure the software is free for all its users.  The General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.  You can use it for your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.  Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.  And you must tell them their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

All these basically mean that you are free to get a copy of the program if you want, including the full source code.

Whenever a specific copyright notice conflicts with the GNU General Public License, the specific copyright provision(s) will take precedence over the GNU General Public License.

No part(s) of JWP may be included in any commercial product, nor may any commercial product include portion(s) derived from part(s) of JWP, without the explicit permission of the respective copyright holder(s).

SEE ALSO:

Full Text of the GNU General Public License

Copyright Notices


Disclaimers

Because this program is free software, it is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  This means that if you lose millions of dollars because you used the program, tough.  So there.

You should choose the About JWP command from the Help menu to read some of the background information concerning JWP.  In particular, you can:

1)	Read the disclaimer that comes with JWP

2)	Read the copyright notices on JWP

3)	Read the GNU General Public License

4)	See the names of people involved in JWP's development

You are encouraged to contact the people involved in the JWP project.  They may have resources and software that you'll like.

SEE ALSO:

What is the GNU General Public License?

Technical Support

Copyright Notices


Entering Text

For instructions on how to enter Japanese and English text in JWP, choose one of the following topics:

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's

How to Use the Input Line Editor

How to Define New Kana-to-Kanji Conversions

How to Change Paragraph Formatting

How to Use the Draft View


How to Enter Japanese and English Text

The Japanese input approach adopted by JWP is designed to be as interactive as possible.  There is an iconbar on top of the screen containing buttons for commonly-used functions (click on any part to see a description of its function):

The font attribute buttons (bold, italics, etc.) and the font box on the left are grayed out.  They are not supported by the current version of JWP, and they are reserved for future implementations.

Clicking on the English button will enter English alphabetic letters on everything typed; just like a normal English word processor.  Clicking on the hiragana button will enter hiragana's.  There is also a hot-key that can be defined so that, when pressed, JWP will toggle between entering English and hiragana's.  That hot-key is originally assigned to F4, but it can be changed easily.  (See How to Assign Hot-Keys to Functions.)

Clicking on the JASCII button will enter English letters and other normal ASCII as JASCII. There is also a hot-key that can be defined so that, when pressed, JWP will toggle between entering ASCII and JASCII.  That hot-key can also be changed.  (See How to Assign Hot-Keys to Functions.)

To enter a hiragana, type in its romaji representation.  (See Romaji Representations of KanaRomaji for more details.)  Hiragana's will appear on the screen automatically; the status bar wil show the letters actually typed.

JWP will enter a hiragana automatically as long as there are no ambiguities.  For example, an "n" can either be the beginning of  [image] or [image].  Because JWP cannot foresee which kana character is being entered, it will register the letter "n" on the status bar.  Typing an "a" immediately afterwards will enter the hiragana [image].  If the letter "t" is typed, however, the hiragana [image] will be entered because there is no hiragana starting with "nt". The letter "t" will then be registered so that, when the letter "a" is typed, the hiragana [image] will be entered.

Small hiragana's (such as [image]) can be entered by preceeding the romaji with a plus sign ("+").  For example, "+a" will enter the small hiragana [image].  "+tu" will enter the small hiragana [image].  There is another short-cut for the small [image]: typing a leading letter twice (such as "tt", "ss" etc.) indicates that the first letter is supposed to be entered as a small [image].  For example, typing "tukatte" will enter the following: .  The only exception is "nn" which does not generate a small [image].

Standard shorthands, such as "sha", "kyu", etc. can be used freely.  "Shi" can be used in place of "si".  "Chi" and "ci" can be used in place of "ti".  "Tsu" and "tzu" can be used in place of "tu".

Several English symbols have Japanese equivalents, and several Japanese symbols have equivalent combinations of English key-strokes.

Most of the other symbols in the ASCII character set will be translated to the equivalent character in the Japanese JIS character set.

Katakana's are entered by typing the romaji representation in CAPITALS.  For example, "KU" will enter the katakana [image].  In order to distinguish the katakana's [image] with the corresponding kanji's, JWP assumes that if any non-capitalized letters follow the capitalized letter, a kanji conversion will be started. (See How to Enter Kanji's.)  If capitalized letters follow the leading letter, it will be assumed a katakana.  In order to enter the kanji's for [image] (e.g. ), however, type "A" and press the convert hot-key (originally set to F2).

The default English font is Times New Roman 12 points, but this font can be changed easily through the Kanji Fonts command from the Utilities menu.  Pressing the tab key will advance the cursor to the next hiragana position.  This is mainly used for aligning kanji's to fixed positions after English text, because English text usually do not end in neat Japanese cell boundaries.  It is also necessary for justified printing.  (See Printing.)

SEE ALSO:

Power User Technical Notes on Repagenation

Romaji Representations of Kana

How to Enter Kanji's

How to Use the Input Line Editor

How to Use the Draft View

Moving Around the Document

Managing Kanji's

Printing

How to Change Options


How to Enter Kanji's

A kana-to-kanji conversion is started by typing the first letter of the first kana of a word in CAPITAL.  JWP will highlight the leading hiragana and every hiragana type afterwards.  The highlight indicates that a kanji conversion is taking place.  When JWP reaches a point where it is impossible to find a conversion for the string of hiragana's typed in, it will replace the longest string of hiragana's that can be converted to kanji's.

For example, typing Watashi will enter the three hiragana's [image], highlighted.  It is possible to delay the conversion because there are kanji's whose readings start with [image], [image] and [image].  After the hiragana [image] is entered, however, JWP will realize that no kanji's starting with [image].  The longest hiragana string will be then converted to kanji's, in this case [image].

Sometimes, the longest reading may not be the desired one.  In that case, pressing F2 (or choosing the Convert command from the Kanji menu) will force a conversion right at that point.

When hiragana's are converted to kanji's, the choices are listed on the kanji list.  The kanji list can be detached and floated around the desktop, or it can be placed on the top or at the bottom.  (See How to Change Options.)  By default, the first item on the list is chosen.  Pressing F2 will skip to the next item.  Pressing the hot-key for backward conversion (originally set to Shift-F2) will skip to the previous item.  The scrollbar under the kanji list can be used to run through a long list quickly.  Clicking on an item in the list will automatically select it.  JWP will also remembers the last choice made on the particular kana-to-kanji conversion.  Any subsequent conversion of the same hiragana pattern will convert to the last kanji picked.

On the other hand, pressing F2 while selecting either ASCII or JASCII text will toggle that piece of text between ASCII and JASCII.

SEE ALSO:

Power User Technical Notes on Repagenation

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Use the Input Line Editor

How to Use the Draft View

Moving Around the Document

Managing Kanji's

How to Change Options


How to Use the Input Line Editor

JWP's native input method may not be the preference of every user.  Some users may prefer a more "traditional" input style, i.e. using the Space Bar to convert a line of buffer text to kanji and the Return key to flush the buffer into the file window.  An "Input Line Editor" is included in JWP to facilitate such an input style.

Toggling the Input Line Editor Window

The Input Line Editor can be toggled on and off with by pressing the "Toggle Input Editor" hot-key (defaulted to F5) or by choosing the Input Editor command from the View menu.

When the Input Line Editor is visible, the "Toggle Active Input Window" hot-key (defaulted to Ctrl-Z) can be used to toggle between the Input Line Editor window and the current file window.  Alternately, simply clicking anywhere in the desired window will effect the switch.

Both hot-keys can easily be customized.  (See How to Assign Hot-Keys to Functions.)

When the Input Line Editor is active, the cursor position in the current file represented by making the character directly after the insertion point with a red-ish color.

Using the Input Line Editor

The Input Line Editor will only recieve input when it is active.  If active, it will capture all keystrokes and any input from the dialog windows with the exception of the Dictionary dialog.  Whenever an Insert to File button is pressed, from any of the kanji lookup functions (See How to Look Up a Kanji Character), the text will be inserted into the Input Line Editor instead.

All hot-keys are active inside the Input Line Editor.  English text, hiragana's, katakana's and kanji's can all be entered in a similar manner as in the file window.  Most directional keys work the same, except for the following:

Space Bar	Highlight all the text within the Input Line Editor for conversion and start the conversion process, except when a kanji conversion has already taken place (see below).

Return	Immediately insert all the text within the Input Line Editor into the current file.

Backspace	If the Input Line Editor is empty, will delete the previous character in the active file window.

In addition, when a kanji conversion has taken place:

Space Bar	Select the next kanji in the kanji list.

Right Arrow	Select the next kanji in the kanji list.

Down Arrow	Select the next kanji in the kanji list.

Shift-Space Bar	Select the previous kanji in the kanji list.

Left Arrow	Select the previous kanji in the kanji list.

Up Arrow	Select the previous kanji in the kanji list.

Home	Select the first kanji in the kanji list.

End	Select the last kanji in the kanji list.

For example, to enter the sentence [image] into the current file, either of the following is recommended:

1)	Make sure that the Input Line Editor is visible and active, type into the editor window:

koreha  <Return>

nihongo  <Space Bar> <Return>

desu.  <Return>

2)	Make sure that the Input Line Editor is visible and active, type into the editor window:

koreha  <Return>

nihongo  <Space Bar>   desu.  <Return>

SEE ALSO:

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's

How to Use the Draft View

Moving Around the Document

Managing Kanji's

How to Change Options


How To Define New Kana-to-Kanji Conversions

It is possible to supplement the standard kana-to-kanji conversion dictionary with personal entries through the User Conversion command from the Utilities menu.

The kana readings of all currently defined user conversions will be listed in the list on the left. When a reading is selected, the kanji's defined with it will be listed in the list on the right.  A new user conversion entry can be added by pressing the Add button.  Any existing entry can be edited by double-clicking it or selecting it and pressing the Edit button.

Care must be given when adding a kana reading for a user conversion entry.  If only hiragana's are entered, potential conversions will only match the exact hiragana string.  One (and only one) of the following letters can appear at the end of the hiragana reading:

u k g s z t d n m h b p r

These letters correspond to the first letter of the romaji representation of the ending kana if the reading is a verb categorized under the [image] group.  For example, the kana reading " [image] k" will match the strings [image], [image], [image], [image] or [image].  Kanji's assigned to this reading will match strings such as:

, [image], [image], etc.

SEE ALSO:

The User Conversions Dialog Box

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's

How to Use the Draft View

Romaji Representations of Kana


How To Change Paragraph Formatting

Each paragraph can have its own formatting.  In the current version, paragraph formatting is limited to Indentations and Line Spacing.

The ruler on top of every file window shows the cell boundaries for Japanese characters as well as a few triangles indicating the indentations of the current paragraph.  The left triangle is divided into two halves; the upper half indicates the left indentation of the first line of the paragraph, while the lower half indicates the left indentation of the rest of the paragraph.  The right triangle indicates the right indentation of the paragraph.

To indent the entire paragraph by three characters, for example, click on the lower half of the left triangle, dragging it out to the third character position, and then releasing the mouse button.  The paragraph will then be reformatted.  To indent the paragraph inwards from the right margin, drag the right triangle instead.

Alternatively, any paragraph formatting parameter, including line spacing, can be changed by choosing the Paragraph command from the Format menu.  A "1.5" line spacing, for example, will put half a line of blank space after each line in that paragraph.

The First indentation in this dialog box, however, refers to an offset from the Left indentation.  For example, if the left margin of the paragraph is indented by 4 characters, the number "2" will indent the first line by 6 characters (i.e., 4 + 2).  On the other hand, the number "-2" will indent first line by only 2 characters (i.e., 4 - 2).

SEE ALSO:

The Format Paragraph Dialog Box

How to Set up Page Margins


How To Use the Draft View

The "Draft View" will display and format all English text in the standard Windows system font, which will make JWP operate slightly faster than with a more WYSIWYG view.  It is strongly recommended that the Draft View be used when entering large amount of English.

The user can toggle between the Draft View and the standard view by choosing the Draft View command from the View menu.  A hot-key can be assigned for this function if views are switched on a regular basis.  (See How to Assign Hot-Keys to Functions.)

SEE ALSO:

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's

How to Assign Hot-Keys to Functions


Move Around the Document
Moving Around the Document

For instructions on how to work on a file with JWP, choose one of the following topics:

How to Move Around Using the Keyboard

How to Jump to a Particular Page

How to Select Text

How to Use Cut And Paste

How to Undo and Redo Changes

How to Search for and Replace Text


How To Move Around Using the Keyboard

SEE ALSO:

Power User Technical Notes on Repagenation

How to Jump to a Particular Page

How to Select Text

How to Use Cut And Paste

How to Undo and Redo Changes

How to Search for and Replace Text

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


How To Jump to a Particular Page

To jump to any particular page in the file, choose the Goto command from the Edit menu.

SEE ALSO:

The Goto Dialog Box

Power User Technical Notes on Repagenation

How to Move Around Using the Keyboard

How to Select Text

How to Undo and Redo Changes

How to Use Cut And Paste

How to Search for and Replace Text


How To Select Text

Text can be selected by moving the cursor while pressing the Shift key.  Any text selected will be highlighted.  Text can also be selected by clicking on the file window with the mouse and dragging it.

Double-clicking on any character in the file window will automatically select the word containing that character.  The entire file can be selected by choosing the Select All command from the Edit menu.

SEE ALSO:

How to Move Around Using the Keyboard

How to Jump to a Particular Page

How to Undo and Redo Changes

How to Use Cut And Paste

How to Get Information About a Kanji Character

How to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Use Radical Lookup to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Use the Japanese-English Dictionary


How To Use Cut And Paste

Blocks of text can be deleted, copied or moved through the "Cut and Paste" process.

To delete a block of text:

1)	Select the text to be deleted

2)	Press Del

To move a block of text:

1)	Select the text to be moved

2)	Choose Cut from the Edit menu or press Shift-Del.  The text will be cut into the Windows clipboard

3)	Move the cursor to the new position (not necessary in the same file)

4)	Choose Paste from the Edit menu or press Shift-Ins

To copy a block of text:

1)	Select the text to be copied

2)	Choose Copy from the Edit menu or press Control-Ins.  The text will be copied into the Windows clipboard and will also remain in the file

3)	Move the cursor to the new position (not necessary in the same file)

4)	Choose Paste from the Edit menu or press Shift-Ins

To embed a block of Japanese text into another application (such as Windows Write, Word for Windows):

1)	Use the Kanji Fonts command under the Utilities menu to change the Display font into a high-resolution font (like 48x48)

2)	Select the text to be copied

3)	Choose Copy from the Edit menu or press Control-Ins.  The text will be copied into the Windows clipboard and will also remain in the file

4)	Switch to the other application (Alt-Tab)

5)	Paste the contents in the clipboard as a "Bitmap" or "Device Independent Bitmap" (usually through a menu command like Edit-Paste Special), or in another format that the other application understands (see below)

6)	If pasted as a bitmap, resize the bitmap in the other application to the right proportion with the rest of the document

7)	The object embedded is a bitmap and NOT a JWP file object (JWP does not support OLE yet).  Double-clicking or editing the embedded object will NOT involk JWP, but will involk the normal Windows application for editing a bitmap (Windows Paintbrush or MS-Draw in Word for Windows)

The data selected into the clipboard exists in several formats (use a "clipboard viewer", such as the one supplied with Windows, to see them):

The Text and OEM Text formats will show only text, without any formatting, in any standard Japanese coding format chosen.  The clipboard coding format can be changed with the Options command from the Utilities menu.  It is useful in pasting Japanese text into other Japanese applications.

The Owner Display format will show the data fully formatted within the clipboard viewer's window.  If the clipboard window is resized, the text will be reformatted to fit in the new window size.  All formatting will be retained.

The Bitmap format is simply a bitmap snapshot of the text selected, rendered in exactly the same manner as JWP does in the file windows.  It can be pasted it in as a picture to drawing programs such as Windows PaintBrush.  This format is particularly useful in situations when it is desired to paste in a paragraph or two of Japanese text into an English word processor, such as Word for Windows.  It is recommended that the display kanji font be changed to a higher resolution font (such as 48×48 or 24×24) before creating a bitmap.  The kanji display font can be changed with the Kanji Fonts command from the Utilities menu.

SEE ALSO:

How to Move Around Using the Keyboard

How to Jump to a Particular Page

How to Select Text

How to Undo and Redo Changes

How to Search for and Replace Text

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


How To Undo and Redo Changes

JWP automatically retains the changes made to a document so that they can be reversed if necessary.  Changes are also saved into document files so thay then can be reversed in later sessions.  By default, all changes are retained.  If JWP runs out of memory to store changes, it will delete the oldest change to make room for new changes.  The number of changes that JWP will keep can be limited by choosing the Options command from the Utilities menu.  JWP can also be instructed to trim off old changes when saving the file (in the JWP Normal format) or retain the changes so that you can undo them later.

To undo the last change, choose the Undo command from the Edit menu or press Alt-Backspace.  This change can later be reapplied by choosing the Redo command from the Edit menu or pressing Alt-Shift-Backspace.  It is important to notice that, however, all changes reversed will disappear once a new change is made to the document; it will no longer be possible to redo them.

SEE ALSO:

Power User Technical Notes on the JWP File Format

How to Move Around Using the Keyboard

How to Jump to a Particular Page

How to Select Text

How to Use Cut And Paste

How to Search for and Replace Text

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's

How to Change Options

How to Save a File


How To Search for and Replace Text

Search and Replace features are accessed through the Edit menu.  A hot-key can be assigned to the Search, Replace, or Find/Replace Next functions.  (See How to Assign Hot-Keys to Functions.)

In each search operation, there are options to ignore all cases (default), equate English alphabetic letters in the JIS character set with normal English alphabetic letters (default), search the entire file, and wrap around when the search hits the bottom of the file.  In Replace operations, confirmations can be turned off and the entire file replaced.

JWP supports "regular expressions", but the Regular Expression check box must be turned on in order for any search string to be recognized as a regular expression.  The following characters have special meanings when inside a regular expression (JIS equivalents of the following symbols will also work):

In addition, any character grouped within a pair of square brackets will match exactly one character within the group.  For example,

[abc]	Matches either 'a', 'b' or 'c'

[a-def-h]	Matches anything within the range 'a' to 'd', the character 'e', or the range 'f' to 'h'

[-m]	Matches anything before and including 'm'

[m-]	Matches anything after and including 'm'

All English characters listed above can be replaced by a kana, a kanji, or any of the standard symbols in the JIS character set.  The JIS ordering is used to compare the relative positions of characters.  All ASCII characters come before JIS characters.

If an exclamation mark (!) is placed at the beginning of the group, the regular expression will match any character not within the group.  For example,

[!a-m]	Matches anything not within 'a' to 'm'

Anything placed within a pair of parentheses can be divided into "substrings", separated by a comma (either the English comma or the Japanese comma).  For example,

(abc,def,ghi)	Matches the strings 'abc', 'def', or 'ghi'

One practical use of this structure is to search for a Japanese string regardless of whether it has been rendered in kana or kanji.

Finally, a pair of curly brackets '{}' have meaning only when performing a replace.  In the replacement string, substrings from the original text found can be extracted and placed within the new replacement string.  Curly brackets in the search string are numbered sequentially, starting from one, and are represented by placing a number between two curly brackets, e.g. "{1}".  Up to 9 curly text strings enclosed in curly brackets can exist within the same search string.

The numbering is depth-first, meaning that a pair of curly brackets enclosed within another pair is numbered before curly brackets following the enclosing pair are numbered.  For example, in the regular expression:

{ a { bc { def } g { hi } } jk { lm } }

{1} = 'abcdefghijklm'

{2} = 'bcdefghi'

{3} = 'def'

{4} = 'hi'

{5} = 'lm'

SEE ALSO:

The Text Search Dialog Box

The Text Search and Replace Dialog Box

How to Move Around Using the Keyboard

How to Jump to a Particular Page

How to Select Text

How to Use Cut And Paste

How to Undo and Redo Changes

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


Managing Kanji's

For instructions on how to work with kanji's, choose one of the following topics:

How to Get Information About a Kanji Character

How to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Use Radical Lookup to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Enter Any JIS Character

SEE ALSO:

How to Select Text

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


How To Get Information About a Kanji Character

Very complete information about any kanji character can be obtained.  Select the kanji character in question, then choose the Get Info command from the Kanji menu.  A dialog box will pop up showing, among others:

1)	a large picture of the kanji

2)	its stroke count

3)	its bushu (both in number and in actual bushu)

4)	its JIS coding (in hex)

5)	its Jouyou ( [image], "common") grade level

6)	its index number, if any, in the Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary,  edited by Andrew Nelson

7)	its index number, if any, in the New Japanese-English Character Dictionary,  edited by Jack Halpern

8)	its On reading(s) ( [image]) and Kun reading(s) ( [image]), if any

9)	its meaning(s) in English

A bracketed hiragana string in the readings indicates an okurigana. Kanji Get Info is also available in the dialog boxes of many other character look-up features of JWP.

Pressing the More button will open up another screen with more information on the kanji, such as Unicode coding, usage frequency, etc.

The "Kanji Info" database is being maintained by Jim Breen in Australia (who also produced the Japanese-English dictionary).

SEE ALSO:

The Kanji Information Dialog Box

The More Kanji Information Dialog Box

Power User Technical Notes on the Kanji Info Database

How to Select Text

How to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Use Radical Lookup to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Enter Any JIS Character

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


How To Look Up a Kanji Character

It is possible to look up a particular kanji by stroke count or by bushu.  Choose the Lookup command from the Kanji menu, and a dialog box will appear with a slide-rule containing a list of kanji's, originally sorted by stroke count.  The scroll-bar directly beneath the slide-rule can be used to find the particular kanji being searched for.

Alternatively, the stroke count and bushu scroll-bars can be used to move to a particular range of kanji's quickly.  To sort the kanji list by bushu, simply click on the radio button next to the bushu scroll-bar and the kanji's listed in the slide-rule will automatically resort themselves.

Double-clicking on a particular kanji or highlighting it and then clicking Insert to File will automatically insert that kanji into the current file at the cursor position.

SEE ALSO:

The Kanji Lookup Dialog Box

How to Use Radical Lookup to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Select Text

How to Get Information About a Kanji Character

How to Enter Any JIS Character

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


How To Use Radical Lookup to Look Up a Kanji Character

An alternative to the regular bushu/stroke count lookup (See How to Look Up a Kanji Character), the Radical Lookup method assists in searching for a particular kanji through a selected number of bushu's that make up the kanji.

When the Radical Lookup window is opened, it shows roughly 240 buttons, each for a particular bushu arranged by strokes.  Some bushu buttons are linked such that pressing one will automatically search for the others as well.

Pressing the Search button will produce a sorted list of all kanji's containing the selected bushu's. The scroll-bar directly beneath the slide-rule can be used to find the particular kanji being searched for.

Selecting more than one bushu will significantly reduce the size of this list and, in most circumstances, two bushu's are adequate in locating the particular kanji.

Double-clicking on a particular kanji or highlighting it and then clicking Insert to File will automatically insert that kanji into the current file at the cursor position.

SEE ALSO:

The Radical Lookup Dialog Box

Power User Technical Notes on Radical Lookup Configurations

How to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Select Text

How to Get Information About a Kanji Character

How to Enter Any JIS Character

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


How To Enter Any JIS Character

It is possible to enter any character currently defined in the JIS character set, both level 1 and level 2.

The first method is through the JIS Table command from the Kanji menu.  A large 16×6 table will appear containing JIS characters appropriately placed according to their JIS coding.  The dimensions of the table is 16×6 because standard JIS coding starts at hex 21 (first printable non-blank character in the ASCII character set) and goes up to hex 7E (last printable character in the ASCII character set, just before the non-printable Del character).  This corresponds to almost 6 rows of 16 characters each, following the hex coding.  The first character of each row corresponds to the digit zero in the last four bits of the JIS code, the next character representing the digit one, and so on.  The first row of the table represents the digit 2 in the second four bits of the JIS code, the second row represents the digit 3, and so on.

The JIS character set is designed such that different types of symbols occupy different areas in the 93×93 coding space, called pages.  The first page represents the byte 21 (in hex) in the last eight bits of the JIS code.  Definitions of the different pages are:

Move to the next or previous page through the scroll-bar or the Next and Prev buttons.  Jump to a particular page by dragging the scroll-bar.  The number of the current page (both in hex and in decimal) will be constantly displayed.

To insert any character in the table, double-click on it or clicking it and then pressing the Insert to File button.

If the JIS coding of the character is known, choose the JIS Input command from the Kanji menu. Remember that the JIS code must always be entered in hex.

SEE ALSO:

Notes on Japanese Character Coding

The JIS Table Dialog Box

The JIS Input Dialog Box

How to Select Text

How to Get Information About a Kanji Character

How to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Use Radical Lookup to Look Up a Kanji Character

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


Special Features

For instructions on how to access the special features of JWP, choose one of the following topics:

How to Use the Japanese-English Dictionary

How to Use the Dynamic Glossary

How to Assign Hot-Keys to Functions

How to Look at JWP Statistics

How to Toggle Screen Elements

How to Change Options


How To Use the Japanese-English Dictionary

JWP comes with a Japanese-English dictionary, kindly donated by Jim Breen from the Deep South (Australia). Jim Breen's dictionary contains English translation of many common Japanese words.

The dictionary can be accessed by choosing the Dictionary command from the Utilities menu.  JWP allows searches either by Japanese or English, but not both.  An English entry must be at least 3 letters long.  Pressing the Search button will start the search.

If any dictionary entry matches the search string, it will be listed.  Any line listed can be selected and inserted into the current file by double-clicking on it or pressing the Insert to File button.

SEE ALSO:

Notes on Special Terms

The Japanese-English Dictionary

Power User Technical Notes on the Dictionary

How to Use the Dynamic Glossary

How to Assign Hot-keys to Functions

How to Look at JWP Statistics

How to Toggle Screen Elements

How to Change Options


How To Use the Dynamic Glossary

JWP has a full dynamic glossary system to assist with the quick entry of frequently-used phrases.  A dynamic glossary is different from a normal glossary in that it constantly looks at the characters being typed.

The glossary can be edited by choosing the Glossary command from the Utilities menu.  All glossary items currently defined will be listed.  To add a new glossary item, press the Add button.  To edit an existing glossary item, double-click on it or select it and press the Edit button.

A glossary item consists of a "short-cut" string, which can either be all-kana or all-English.  If an item with a short-cut string that is the same as that of an existing glossary item is added, the new "phrase" will replace the original phrase.  If the short-cut string does not match any existing glossary item, it will be added to the glossary.

To recall a glossary when typing in the file window, simply type the short cut string and JWP will automatically replace the glossary short-cut with the glossary phrase.  Because dynamic glossary items are matched dynamically, avoid using a lot of short-cut strings that are very similar to each other; otherwise, the glossary stack may be overflown and an error will occur.

Turning off the Dynamic switch on an item will prevent it from being matched dynamically.  A non-dynamic glossary item can only be entered through the pop-up glossary list.  Choose the Glossary command from the View menu or press the Glossary List button on the iconbar and the glossary list will pop-up on top of JWP.  Any glossary item listed can be inserted simply by clicking on it.  A glossary item will not show up in the list if it is tagged Hidden.

SEE ALSO:

The Dynamic Glossary Dialog Box

How to Use the Japanese-English Dictionary

How to Assign Hot-keys to Functions

How to Look at JWP Statistics

How to Toggle Screen Elements

How to Change Options


How To Assign Hot-Keys to Functions

It is possible, in JWP, to set personal key bindings for most of the most used features.  Choose the Hot-Keys command from the Utilities menu to assign hot-keys to chosen functions, such as Toggle Kana/Text mode, Convert to Kanji, File Save, etc.  Double-clicking an entry in the list or selecting it then pressing Edit will allow the hot-key, if any, currently assigned to that function to be edited.

For most systems, hot-keys are restricted to Shift and Control combinations of function keys 1 to 12, as well as the shifted or unshifted control keys Ctrl-A to Ctrl-Z.  Furthermore, control characters like Ctrl-M and Ctrl-H cannot be assigned to functions because they have special meanings within JWP.  New key bindings are saved automatically by JWP.

It is strongly recommended that a hot-key be assigned to the various kanji look-up functions because it is the only method that those functions can be accessed within a Japanese edit control inside a dialog box.

SEE ALSO:

The Assign Hot-Keys to Functions Dialog Box

How to Use the Japanese-English Dictionary

How to Use the Dynamic Glossary

How to Look at JWP Statistics

How to Toggle Screen Elements

How to Change Options


How To Look at JWP Statistics

JWP keeps its own kanji font cache and other buffers for its internal operations.  Choosing the Statistics command from the Utilities menu will display some of the internal statistics, probably useful only to JWP developers.  The numbers shown in the File box include the total number of characters in the current file and the total number of changes that can be reversed through Undo.

SEE ALSO:

The System Statistics Dialog Box

How to Use the Japanese-English Dictionary

How to Use the Dynamic Glossary

How to Assign Hot-keys to Functions

How to Toggle Screen Elements

How to Change Options


How To Toggle Screen Elements

To turn off the iconbar, the status bar, the kanji list, or the file ruler that appears on top of every file window, choose the appropriate View menu command.  To toggle the glossary list, choose the Glossary command or press the Glossary List button on the iconbar.  JWP will display special symbols if the Special Symbols command is chosen or by if the Special Symbols button on the iconbar is pressed.

If turned on, the following special symbols will be displayed on the screen:

This feature makes it convenient to edit text originally imported from other text based Japanese formats.

SEE ALSO:

How to Use the Japanese-English Dictionary

How to Use the Dynamic Glossary

How to Assign Hot-keys to Functions

How to Look at JWP Statistics

How to Change Options


How To Change Options

JWP options can be changed through the Options command from the Utilities menu.  The following is a description of each applicable option:

Relax margin for punctuation

If selected, JWP will attempt to place Japanese punctuation characters (such as [image]) and all small kana's (such as [image] [image]) beyond the right margin to prevent them from starting a new line.

Show all possibilities in conversion

If selected, JWP will continuously show the list of kanji's matched whenever a kana-to-kanji conversion is in progess.

3D Dialog Boxes

If selected, JWP will give all dialog boxes a three-dimensional look.

Glossary Disappears after Selection

If selected, the pop-up glossary list will disappear whenever a user chooses an item from the list.

Retain Changes with Saved File

If selected, when saving a file in the JWP Normal format, changes made to the file will be saved in addition to the text.  Those changes can then be reversed through the undo feature in later sessions. If this option is not selected, no changes will be saved with the file.

Conversion bar position

Can be Top, Bottom or Floating

Printing Justification

The Short Text justification type indicates the type of justification for printing English text that is sandwiched between Japanese characters. The Long Text justification type is used to justify text that are long enough to dominate the line.

Clipboard format

When Japanese text is copied to the clipboard (through the Copy or Cut commands under the Edit menu), such text can be subsequently pasted to another application.  This option will determine what format the text will take when being pasted outside of JWP.

Levels of Undo

Specifies the number of levels of undo that JWP is to keep.  Several pre-set levels are available.  JWP attempts to keep as many changes to a document as possible until no more memory is avilable.  If no more memory is available, all redo's and then the oldest changes will be dropped to make room.

SEE ALSO:

The Change Options Dialog Box

Power User Technical Notes on the JWP File Format

How to Use the Japanese-English Dictionary

How to Use the Dynamic Glossary

How to Assign Hot-keys to Functions

How to Look at JWP Statistics

How to Toggle Screen Elements

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's

How to Print a File

How to Set up Page Margins


Working With Files

For instructions on how to work with files in JWP, choose one of the following topics:

How to Edit File Summaries

How to Find a File

How to Create a New File

How to Read and Open Files

How to Use Templates

How to Save a File

How to Close a File


How To Edit File Summaries

Every JWP file can contain a "summary".  There are five items in a file summary:

1) Title

2) Subject

3) Author

4) Keywords

5) Comments

It is highly recommended that a meaningful summary be included with every Japanese file because it will greatly enhance the chance of finding the file again quickly.  DOS limits the name of each file to eight upper case characters, hardly adequate to hold an even remotely meaningful Japanese file name.

The file summary can be edited by choosing the Summary command from the Edit menu.  It is also recommended that a glossary item be defined for the unchanging parts of the summary, such as the Author, so that such text can be entered quickly and painlessly.

SEE ALSO:

The File Summary Dialog Box

How to Find a File

How to Create a New File

How to Read and Open Files

How to Use Templates

How to Save a File

How to Close a File


How To Find a File

JWP has integrated support for finding files hidden somewhere within the machine.  Choose the Find command from the File menu to access this feature.

Inside the File Find dialog box, the current directory will be shown in the upper right hand corner.  A different directory or a different disk drive can be selected by double-clicking on the list below it.

There are options that restrict JWP's search to only the current directory, the current directory and all subdirectories, the entire disk, or all disk drives on the system.

Pressing the Search button will open up another dialog box.  There, it is possible to further restrict the search by specifying a "file specification" (for example, '*.jwp' for JWP files only, '*.*' for all files, '*.euc' for EUC files, or a specific file).  Word criteria can be entered into any of the five summary categories.  A file is found if it matches all the criteria; that is, the file name must match the "file specification" and, if summary criteria are present, each of the summary entry must contains the string of words specified in the criteria (not necessary in the beginning).

The full path names of all the matched files will be listed out after the search.  Further information can be obtained on any file by selecting it and clicking the Get Info button.  Any file can be opened by double-clicking it or selecting it and choosing Open.

SEE ALSO:

The Find File Dialog Box

How to Edit File Summaries

How to Create a New File

How to Read and Open Files

How to Use Templates

How to Save a File

How to Close a File


How To Create a New File

A new file window can be created by selecting the New command from the File menu.  The new file window created will inherit the current option settings.  It will initially be named Untitled.

If there are templates available in the templates directory (usually a TEMPLATE sub-directory under the main JWP directory), a list will be displayed and you can choose whether to base the new file on an existing template or not.  (See How to Use Templates for more details.)

SEE ALSO:

The File New Dialog Box

How to Edit File Summaries

How to Find a File

How to Read and Open Files

How to Use Templates

How to Save a File

How to Close a File


How To Read and Open Files

Choose the Open command from the File menu to open a file previously saved.  JWP can read from many file formats, including:

1)	JWP's own JWP format

2)	Enhanced UNIX code (EUC)

3)	Shift JIS

4)	New JIS

5)	Old JIS

6)	NEC JIS

There is also an Auto-detect feature that will automatically detects the input file type, with reasonable accuracy.

If the file chosen is not in the JWP Normal format, another dialog box will be displayed asking for a confirmation of the file format.  In addition, two options may be set:

The option Create Paragraphs, when chosen, will try to create paragraphs out of plain text documents.

The option Align kanji's, when chosen, will automatically insert a tab after an English letter if it is followed by a Japanese character.  This way, all Japanese text will be aligned to discrete positions.  This option is defaulted on and is highly recommended because it enhances printing.  (See Printing for more details.)

If the file is in the JWP Normal format, and if there are changes saved with the document, it will be possible to undo the changes that made during previous sessions.

If, for some reason, JWP cannot open a file you previously saved, try the instructions under Recovering a Defective JWP File.

SEE ALSO:

Notes on File Formats

Notes on Recovering a Defective JWP File

Power User Technical Notes on the Default Open Format

Power User Technical Notes on the JWP File Format

How to Edit File Summaries

How to Find a File

How to Create a New File

How to Use Templates

How to Save a File

How to Close a File

How to Undo and Redo Changes


How To Save a File

File saving works in a similar way as File Open.  The exact file format to save in can be specified. JWP Normal format is the only format that retains all text and paragraph formatting.  Saving a file into another standard format will enable sharing of that file with another Japanese application.

To save a file originally opened in another format, JWP will prompt the user whether to replace the file with JWP-Normal format instead.  It will also prompt for a "File Summary" if the file is being saved for the first time.  (See Also How to Edit File Summary)

The default, when saving to a non-JWP Normal format, is the save each paragraph as one long line.  If the Line Length option is turned on and a line length is entered, JWP will break the lines at exactly the length specified.

When the Template file format is chosen, JWP will attempt to create a template based on your current file.  (See How to Use Templates.)  All templates have the extension .TPL.  JWP automatically saves the template in the default templates directory (usually a TEMPLATE sub-directory under the main JWP directory); because of this, you should only provide a file's name and omit the path when you are saving a template.  Templates not saved within the templates directory cannot be found.

You should also provide a title to the file summary of the template.  JWP will use this title as the formal name of the template.

When saving a file in the JWP Normal format, it is possible to save the changes made to the file in addition to the text. The Retain Changes with Saved File option (See How to Change Options) should be selected if changes are to be saved with the file.

SEE ALSO:

Notes on File Formats

Power User Technical Notes on the JWP File Format

How to Edit File Summaries

How to Find a File

How to Create a New File

How to Read and Open Files

How to Use Templates

How to Close a File

How to Undo and Redo Changes

How to Change Options


How To Use Templates

Unlike many word processors, templates in JWP are simple, normal document files, the only difference being the extension (.TPL instead of .JWP).  You can open a template file just like a normal file and edit it.  You can also save the template just like a normal file.

There are advantages of saving a template in Template format, though.  JWP automatically saves any template in the default templates directory (usually a TEMPLATE sub-directory under the main JWP directory), where it MUST reside in order to be found, provided that you do not explicitly specify a path with the filename.

The practical use of templates is to provide standardized, automatic settings for different types of documents.  Every time a new file is created (through the New command from the File menu), JWP will prompt you for a template to base on, if any.  The name of each template listed will be the title that you specified in each template file's summary.

For example, you can create a form-letter template that contains the name of the author, the subject, header/footer strings, specified page settings, and base text.  When you create a new file based on this template, it will be as if you have made a copy of that form letter.  All summaries, customized settings and text will appear in the newly-created file.

SEE ALSO:

Power User Technical Notes on the JWP File Format

How to Edit File Summaries

How to Find a File

How to Create a New File

How to Read and Open Files

How to Save a File

How to Close a File


How To Close a File

To close a file window, choose the Close command from the File menu.  If changes have been made to that file since it was last saved, JWP will ask to confirm throwing away the new changes.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries

How to Find a File

How to Create a New File

How to Read and Open Files

How to Use Templates

How to Save a File


Printing

For an introduction to the history and background of JWP, choose one of the following topics:

Concepts About Japanese Fonts and Printing

How to Put in Headers and Footers

How to Set up Page Margins

How to Print a File

How to Print Vertically

How to Install More Fonts


Concepts About Japanese Fonts and Printing

Printing a Japanese document is significantly different from printing an English document.  Many layout features important to an English word processor (such as hyphenation, text justification, proportional spacing, kerning, multiple fonts, character attributes, etc.) take on a much less dominant role in Japanese printing.  On the other hand, layout features unique to Japanese printing (such as discrete text blocks, word breaks, vertical writing, etc.) are universally ignored in most English word processors.

The issue of printing is further complicated by the need to show a page of Japanese text on a computer screen in a way that closely resembles how it will eventually be printed out on the printer.  It might be desirable to print Japanese characters in 10 points (about the typical size for Japanese novels), but a 10 point kanji character is very likely not to be readable on the screen (about 8×8 or less in VGA resolution).  As a result, there is always a certain level of magnification involved when displaying Japanese text.

Currently, Japanese and English text can only be printed in one size.  Support for multiple font faces and sizes on the same page is planned for a future release.  Three Japanese fonts come with this package: 16×16, 24×24 and 48×48.  On a 24 pin dot matrix printer, the 16×16 font will probably print at 6 points, the 24×24 font at 10 points and the 48×48 font at 18 points.  On a 300 dpi laser printer, the 16×16 font will print at almost 4 points (hardly readable), the 24×24 font at almost 6 points (barely readable), and the 48×48 font at almost 12 points (readable).  When displayed on the screen, however, the 16×16 font is adequate for monitors with resolutions up to 800×600 (Super VGA resolution).  The 24×24 may be more suitable for a monitor with 1024×768 resolution (8514A resolution).

In JWP, the kanji font to be displayed on the screen is the Display Font and the kanji font that to be printed with is the Print Font.  After deciding on a print font and a display font, JWP will automatically take care of all scaling and spacing to make sure that what shows up on the screen is reasonably close to what will eventually be printed from the printer.

The default font selections can be changed through the Kanji Fonts command from the Utilities menu.  Sometimes, the base resolution of a print font is not enough.  For example, the 48×48 font will print in 11.5 points on a 300 dpi laser printer; it will have to be magnified 1.5 times to get a 16 point Japanese font.  JWP allows the specification of the exact point size to print kana's and kanji's in.  A message in the dialog box will show exactly what the base resolution of the font means in terms of point sizes.

The Text Font column refers to the English font to print all English text in.  A font name prefixed by an asterisk (*) is a font available on the printer as a native font.  It is strongly recommended that the text font chosen to be smaller than the size of the kanji print font.  Because JWP is designed to handle mainly Japanese text, each line is exactly the height of a line of Japanese text.  If a text font larger than the kanji printing size is chosen, English text may intrude into previous lines.

Remember, though, that any changes in this magnification ratio will affect the look of the screen because JWP automatically renders the printing font (in the printing size) with the selected display font.

SEE ALSO:

Technical Notes on the Base Font

The Kanji Fonts Dialog Box

Power User Technical Notes on Repagenation

How to Put in Headers and Footers

How to Set up Page Margins

How to Print a File

How to Print Vertically

How to Install More Fonts


How To Put in Headers and Footers

Headers are lines of text that automatically appear at the top of every single printed page.  Similarly, footers appear at the bottom of each page.  One line of header and one line of footer can accompany any file printed.  Use the Header/Footer command from the Edit menu to edit the header or footer of the current file.

There is also an option to specify a different header/footer for left and right pages, as well as suppressing headers and footers on the first page of the document.

A header is always printed one line above the first line of the page, and a footer one line below the last line of the page.  Each header and footer is divided into three pieces: Left, Center and Right.  The Left portions of the header and footer will be aligned to the left margin of the page.  The Center portions are centered, and the Right portions are aligned to the right margin of the page.  If any of the following special text is present in a header or footer, it is expanded:

SEE ALSO:

The File Header/Footer Dialog Box

Power User Technical Notes on Repagenation

Concepts About Japanese Fonts and Printing

How to Set up Page Margins

How to Print a File

How to Print Vertically

How to Install More Fonts

How to Edit File Summaries


How To Set up Page Margins

The top, bottom, left and right margins can be specified for the paper size of the active printer through the Page Setup command from the Format menu.  Margins can be expressed in inches, centimeters, millimeters, points and pixels (dots).

Page margins can also be set individually for each file.  When default margins are changed, any new files created will inherit the new margin settings.  For the current version, it is better to print in landscape by changing the paper orientation option from the Windows Control Panel instead of specifying Landscape as the printing orientation in the dialog box.

SEE ALSO:

The Page Setup Dialog Box

Power User Technical Notes on Repagenation

How to Change Paragraph Formatting

Concepts About Japanese Fonts and Printing

How to Put in Headers and Footers

How to Print a File

How to Print Vertically

How to Install More Fonts


How To Print a File

To print a file, use the Print command from the File menu.  Among other options in the printing dialog box, it is possible to specify exactly how English text is aligned.  To use this feature, however, a tab MUST come after an embedded English string to align the next Japanese character to a discrete character boundary.  Otherwise, Japanese text will always follow immediately after the English text, without regard to character boundaries.

The Short Text justification type (set in the options) indicates the type of justification for printing English text that is sandwiched between Japanese characters.  The most satisfying short-text justification type appears to be Center, then Justify.  The Long Text justification type (also set in the options) is used to justify text that are long enough to dominate the line. Justify appears to work best so that all English text will be aligned with the right margin of Japanese text.

SEE ALSO:

Power User Technical Notes on Repagenation

Concepts About Japanese Fonts and Printing

How to Put in Headers and Footers

How to Set up Page Margins

How to Jump to a Particular Page

How to Change Options

How to Print Vertically

How to Install More Fonts


How To Print Vertically

JWP supports vertical printing.  Pressing the Vertical Printing button on the iconbar will mark the current file for vertical printing.  Alternatively, the Print Vertically command under the Format menu can be used to toggle between horizontal and vertical printing.

When vertical printing is turned on, paper orientation is not changed, but all Japanese text printed will be rotated 90 degrees counter-clockwise.  For example, printing the following text horizontally will yield:

while printing it vertically will yield:

Vertical printing does not affect English text, but it will affect English text typed in as JASCII. JWP also knows enough not to rotate certain symbols (such as the [image] pair here) and to offset certain punctuation marks (such as [image] here).

SEE ALSO:

Concepts About Japanese Fonts and Printing

How to Put in Headers and Footers

How to Set up Page Margins

How to Print a File

How to Install More Fonts

How to Enter Japanese and English Text


How To Install More Fonts

Currently, JWP comes with three Japanese fonts: 16×16, 24×24 and 48×48 [image].  If more fonts are released in the future, they can be installed by modifying JWP's initialization file JWP.INI in the Windows directory.  The section [Kanji Fonts] contains information about all the installed Japanese fonts on the particular JWP set-up.  This section should be modified as follows:

Number of Kanji Fonts=<Total number of kanji fonts>

Font #1=K16X16.F00

Font #2=K24X24.F00

Font #3=K48X48.F00

:

:

Each font is referred to by its number.  In the example above, for instance, font number one refers to the 16×16 font.  The default Base Font and the Printing Font can be changed by editing the appropriate lines.

32-Bits Version Only:

The following entries in the registration database must be changed instead (they are all string values):

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\Kanji Fonts\Number of Kanji Fonts

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\Kanji Fonts\Font #1

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\Kanji Fonts\Font #2

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\Kanji Fonts\Font #2

:

:

SEE ALSO:

Concepts About Japanese Fonts and Printing

How to Put in Headers and Footers

How to Set up Page Margins

How to Print a File

How to Print Vertically


Technical Support

Recovering a JWP File

If you have a file saved in JWP Normal format but, for some reason, cannot open it with JWP, and the problem persists even after you have rebooted the machine, try the following recovery steps:

Notes on Recovering a Defective JWP File

Future Releases of JWP

Depending on time, I would like to keep enhancing the program.  Among the features tentatively scheduled for the next release are:

1)	ATM-J support (for scalable Japanese kanji text)

2)	Font attributes (bold, italics, underline, reverse, etc.)

3)	Changing font sizes in the same page

4)	More paragraph and layout options

5)	Object Linking and Embedding (OLE)

6)	JWP installation program

If you have access to the Internet, the official distribution site of JWP for the foreseeable future is kilroy.Jpl.Nasa.Gov under the directory /pub/misc. There, you will also find archives of JWP's source code.  Since JWP files are large, please be considerate and only download the package during non-prime hours.

Another good site for JWP is ftp.cc.monash.edu.au maintained by Jim Breen. This site has an added advantage of always having the latest versions of the KINFO "Kanji Info" database and the EDICT Japanese-English dictionary.

Support for JWP

The project that eventually turned into JWP was supported by many people around the world.  Many of them donated code, programmed different extensions, entered databases, and did numerous editing work to make JWP a reality.  Even more users tested JWP from the very first versions (1.0 alpha!).  Their comments, opinions and bug reports were invaluable to the project.

If you find errors in the dictionary or in the kanji information database, please notify me as soon as possible.  You also are encouraged to communicate any comments, suggestions, and bug reports to me.  I would love to hear from you, if only to know that you are using the program and like it (or hate it).  To get in touch with me, you can either:

1)  Write to:	Stephen Chung

34 Bridge Street

Lane Cove, NSW 2966

Australia

2)  Call me at home:	Australia: (02) 427-4238

3)  Send me electronic mail at:

schung@kilroy.Jpl.Nasa.Gov

schung@daneel.rdt.monash.edu.au

Keep in mind, however, that my address and phone number is likely to change during the next couple of years.  Email is likely to be more reliable.  Ciao!


Commands Summary

File Menu Commends

File New

File Open

File Close

File Save

File Save As

File Find

File Print

File Printer Setup

File Exit

Edit Menu Commands

Edit Undo

Edit Redo

Edit Cut

Edit Copy

Edit Paste

Edit Select All

Edit Goto

Edit Insert Page Break

Edit Insert Soft Return

Edit Search

Edit Replace

Edit Summary

Edit Header/Footer

View Menu Commands

View Draft View

View Input Editor

View Iconbar

View Ruler

View Status Bar

View Special Symbols

View Glossary

Kanji Menu Commands

Kanji Convert

Kanji Lookup

Kanji Radical Lookup

Kanji Get Info

Kanji JIS Input

Kanji JIS Table

Format Menu Commands

Format Paragraph

Format Page Setup

Format Pepagenate

Format Print Vertically

Utilities Menu Commands

Utilities Dictionary

Utilities Glossary

Utilities User Conversion

Utilities Hot-Keys

Utilities Options

Utilities Kanji Fonts

Utilities Statistics

Help Menu Commands

Help About-JWP


Romaji Representations of Kana

a	a i u e o

k	ka ki ku ke ko

g	ga gi gu ge go

s	sa si (shi) su se so

z	za zi zu ze zo

t	 	ta ti (ci chi) tu (tsu tzu) te to

d	da di du de do

n	na ni nu ne no

m	ma mi mu me mo

h	ha hi hu (fu) he ho

b	ba bi bu be bo

p	pa pi pu pe po

y	ya yu yo

r	ra ri ru re ro

w	wa wi we wo

n	n'

SEE ALSO:

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


Full Text of the GNU General Public License

Copyright © 1989 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
675 Mass Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA

Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.

Preamble

The license agreements of most software companies try to keep users at the mercy of those companies.  By contrast, our General Public License is intended to guarantee your freedom to share and change free software  to make sure the software is free for all its users.  The General Public License applies to the Free Software Foundation's software and to any other program whose authors commit to using it.  You can use it for your programs, too.

When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not price.  Specifically, the General Public License is designed to make sure that you have the freedom to give away or sell copies of free software, that you receive source code or can get it if you want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new free programs; and that you know you can do these things.

To protect your rights, we need to make restrictions that forbid anyone to deny you these rights or to ask you to surrender the rights.  These restrictions translate to certain responsibilities for you if you distribute copies of the software, or if you modify it.

For example, if you distribute copies of a such a program, whether gratis or for a fee, you must give the recipients all the rights that you have.  You must make sure that they, too, receive or can get the source code.  And you must tell them their rights.

We protect your rights with two steps: (1) copyright the software, and (2) offer you this license which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute and/or modify the software.

Also, for each author's protection and ours, we want to make certain that everyone understands that there is no warranty for this free software.  If the software is modified by someone else and passed on, we want its recipients to know that what they have is not the original, so that any problems introduced by others will not reflect on the original authors' reputations.

The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and modification follow.

GNU GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE

TERMS AND CONDITIONS FOR COPYING, DISTRIBUTION AND MODIFICATION

0.	This License Agreement applies to any program or other work which contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying it may be distributed under the terms of this General Public License.  The "Program", below, refers to any such program or work, and a "work based on the Program" means either the Program or any work containing the Program or a portion of it, either verbatim or with modifications.  Each licensee is addressed as "you".

1.	You may copy and distribute verbatim copies of the Program's source code as you receive it, in any medium, provided that you conspicuously and appropriately publish on each copy an appropriate copyright notice and disclaimer of warranty; keep intact all the notices that refer to this General Public License and to the absence of any warranty; and give any other recipients of the Program a copy of this General Public License along with the Program.  You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy.

2.	You may modify your copy or copies of the Program or any portion of it, and copy and distribute such modifications under the terms of Paragraph 1 above, provided that you also do the following:

a)	cause the modified files to carry prominent notices stating that you changed the files and the date of any change; and

b)	cause the whole of any work that you distribute or publish, that in whole or in part contains the Program or any part thereof, either with or without modifications, to be licensed at no charge to all third parties under the terms of this General Public License (except that you may choose to grant warranty protection to some or all third parties, at your option).

c)	If the modified program normally reads commands interactively when run, you must cause it, when started running for such interactive use in the simplest and most usual way, to print or display an announcement including an appropriate copyright notice and a notice that there is no warranty (or else, saying that you provide a warranty) and that users may redistribute the program under these conditions, and telling the user how to view a copy of this General Public License.

d)	You may charge a fee for the physical act of transferring a copy, and you may at your option offer warranty protection in exchange for a fee.

Mere aggregation of another independent work with the Program (or its derivative) on a volume of a storage or distribution medium does not bring the other work under the scope of these terms.

3.	You may copy and distribute the Program (or a portion or derivative of it, under Paragraph 2) in object code or executable form under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above provided that you also do one of the following:

a)	accompany it with the complete corresponding machine-readable source code, which must be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,

b)	accompany it with a written offer, valid for at least three years, to give any third party free (except for a nominal charge for the cost of distribution) a complete machine-readable copy of the corresponding source code, to be distributed under the terms of Paragraphs 1 and 2 above; or,

c)	accompany it with the information you received as to where the corresponding source code may be obtained.  (This alternative is allowed only for noncommercial distribution and only if you received the program in object code or executable form alone.)

Source code for a work means the preferred form of the work for making modifications to it.  For an executable file, complete source code means all the source code for all modules it contains; but, as a special exception, it need not include source code for modules which are standard libraries that accompany the operating system on which the executable file runs, or for standard header files or definitions files that accompany that operating system.

4.	You may not copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program except as expressly provided under this General Public License.  Any attempt otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, distribute or transfer the Program is void, and will automatically terminate your rights to use the Program under this License.  However, parties who have received copies, or rights to use copies, from you under this General Public License will not have their licenses terminated so long as such parties remain in full compliance.

5.	By copying, distributing or modifying the Program (or any work based on the Program) you indicate your acceptance of this license to do so, and all its terms and conditions.

6.	Each time you redistribute the Program (or any work based on the Program), the recipient automatically receives a license from the original licensor to copy, distribute or modify the Program subject to these terms and conditions.  You may not impose any further restrictions on the recipients' exercise of the rights granted herein.

7.	The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of the General Public License from time to time.  Such new versions will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to address new problems or concerns.

Each version is given a distinguishing version number.  If the Program specifies a version number of the license which applies to it and "any later version", you have the option of following the terms and conditions either of that version or of any later version published by the Free Software Foundation.  If the Program does not specify a version number of the license, you may choose any version ever published by the Free Software Foundation.

8.	If you wish to incorporate parts of the Program into other free programs whose distribution conditions are different, write to the author to ask for permission.  For software which is copyrighted by the Free Software Foundation, write to the Free Software Foundation; we sometimes make exceptions for this.  Our decision will be guided by the two goals of preserving the free status of all derivatives of our free software and of promoting the sharing and reuse of software generally.

NO WARRANTY

9.	BECAUSE THE PROGRAM IS LICENSED FREE OF CHARGE, THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY APPLICABLE LAW.  EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  THE  ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM IS WITH YOU.  SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.

10.	IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MAY MODIFY AND/OR REDISTRIBUTE THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT  LIMITED TO LOSS OF DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS), EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES.

END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS

Appendix: How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs

If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest possible use to humanity, the best way to achieve this is to make it free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.

To do so, attach the following notices to the program.  It is safest to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively convey the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.

<one line to give the program's name and a brief idea of what it does.>

Copyright (C) 19XX  <name of author>

This program is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it under the terms of the GNU General Public License as published by the Free Software Foundation; either version 1, or (at your option) any later version.

This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License for more details.

You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License along with this program; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation, Inc., 675 Mass Ave., Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.

Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and/or paper mail.

If the program is interactive, make it output a short notice like this when it starts in an interactive mode:

Gnomovision version 69, Copyright (C) 19XX <name of author>

Gnomovision comes with ABSOLUTELY NO WARRANTY; for details type 'show w'.

This is free software, and you are welcome to redistribute it under certain conditions; type 'show c' for details.

The hypothetical commands 'show w' and 'show c' should show the appropriate parts of the General Public License.  Of course, the commands you use may be called something other than 'show w' and 'show c'; they could even be mouse-clicks or menu items - whatever suits your program.

You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or your school, if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.  Here is a sample; alter the names:

Yoyodyne, Inc., hereby disclaims all copyright interest in the program 'Gnomovision' (a program to direct compilers to make passes at assemblers) written by James Hacker.

<signature of Ty Coon>, 1 April 1989

Ty Coon, President of Vice

That's all there is to it!


Copyright Notices

JWP Main Package

File Names:	All files distributed with the JWP package with exceptions as stated below.

Copyright ©:	Stephen Chung, 1995, All Rights Reserved.

No part(s) of JWP may be included in any commercial product, nor may any commercial product include portion(s) derived from part(s) of JWP, without the explicit permission of the respective copyright holder(s).

Distributed under the GNU General Public License. Whenever a specific copyright notice conflicts with the GNU General Public License, the specific copyright provision(s) will take precedence over the GNU General Public License.

WNN Kana-to-Kanji Dictionary

File Name:	WNN.DCT

Copyright Kyoto University Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991

Copyright OMRON Corporation. 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991

Copyright ASTEC, Inc. 1987, 1988, 1989, 1990, 1991

Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that all of the following conditions are satisfied:

1)	The above copyright notices appear in all copies

2)	Both those copyright notices and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation

3)	The name of "Wnn" isn't changed unless substantial modifications are made, or

The following words followed by the above copyright notices appear in all supporting documentation of software based on "Wnn":

"This software is based on the original version of Wnn developed by Kyoto University Research Institute for Mathematical Sciences (KURIMS), OMRON Corporation and ASTEC Inc."

4)	The names KURIMS, OMRON and ASTEC not be used in advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without specific, written prior permission

KURIMS, OMRON and ASTEC make no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

Wnn consortium is one of distributors of the official Wnn source code release. Wnn consortium also makes no representations about the suitability of this software for any purpose. It is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

KURIMS, OMRON, ASTEC AND WNN CONSORTIUM DISCLAIM ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE, INCLUDING ALL IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS, IN NO EVENT SHALL KURIMS, OMRON, ASTEC OR WNN CONSORTIUM BE LIABLE FOR ANY SPECIAL, INDIRECT OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES OR ANY DAMAGES WHATSOEVER RESULTING FROM LOSS OF USE, DATA OR PROFITS, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, NEGLIGENCE OR OTHER TORTUOUS ACTION, ARISING OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE USE OR PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

Japanese-English Dictionary

File Names:	EDICT, EDICT.JDX

This licence statement and copyright notice applies to the EDICT Japanese/English Dictionary file, the associated documentation file EDICT.DOC, and any data files which are derived from them.

COPYING AND DISTRIBUTION

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of these files provided this copyright notice and permission notice is distributed with all copies. Any distribution of the files must take place without a financial return, except a charge to cover the cost of the distribution medium.

Permission is granted to make and distribute extracts or subsets of the EDICT file under the same conditions applying to verbatim copies.

Permission is granted to translate the English elements of the EDICT file into other languages, and to make and distribute copies of those translations under the same conditions applying to verbatim copies.

USAGE

These files may be freely used by individuals, and may be accessed by software belonging to, or operated by, such individuals.

The files, extracts from the files, and translations of the files must not be sold as part of any commercial software package, nor must they be incorporated in any published dictionary or other printed document without the specific permission of the copyright holder.

COPYRIGHT ©

Copyright © over the documents covered by this statement is held by James William BREEN.

Power User Technical Notes on the Dictionary

Kanji Information Database

File Names:	KINFO.DAT, KINFOSTR.IDX, KINFOBSH.IDX

(Part of the KANJIDIC package)

This licence statement and copyright notice applies to the KANJIDIC package, the associated documentation files, and any data files which are derived from them.

COPYING AND DISTRIBUTION

Permission is granted to make and distribute verbatim copies of these files provided this copyright notice and permission notice is distributed with all copies. Any distribution of the files must take place without a financial return, except a charge to cover the cost of the distribution medium.

Permission is granted to make and distribute extracts or subsets of the KANJIDIC package under the same conditions applying to verbatim copies.

Permission is granted to translate the English elements of the KANJIDIC package into other languages, and to make and distribute copies of those translations under the same conditions applying to verbatim copies.

USAGE

These files may be freely used by individuals and small groups for reference and research purposes, and may be accessed by software belonging to, or operated by, such individuals and small groups.

The files, extracts from the files, and translations of the files must not be sold as part of any commercial software package, nor must they be incorporated in any published dictionary or other printed document without the specific permission of the copyright holders.

OTHER RELATED COPYRIGHTS ©

Copyright © over the documents covered by this statement is held by James William BREEN, subject to the exceptions outlined below.

The following people have granted permission for material for which they hold copyright © to be included in the files, and distributed under the above conditions, while retaining their copyright over that material:

Jack HALPERN: The SKIP codes and Frequency codes in the KANJIDIC package.

With regard to the SKIP and Frequency codes, Mr Halpern stated as follows:

"The commercial utilization of the frequency numbers is prohibited without written permission from Jack Halpern. Use by individuals and small groups for reference and research purposes is permitted, on condition that acknowledgement of the source and this notice are included."

"SKIP is protected by copyright, copyleft and patent laws. The commercial utilization of SKIP in any form is strictly forbidden without the written permission of Jack Halpern, the copyright holder."

Christian WITTERN: The PinYin information in the KANJIDIC file.

Urs APP: The Four Corner codes and the Morohashi information in the KANJIDIC package.

Power User Technical Notes on the Kanji Info Database

Radical Lookup Method

File Names:	RLOOKUP.C, RLOOKUP.H, RADLOOK.C, RADLOOK.H, RLOOKUP.RES

 (in source code package)

Copyright ©:	Derc Yamasaki

File Names:	RADKANJI.DAT, RADKANJI.IDX, STROKNJI.DAT, STROKNJI.IDX

Copyright ©:	Michael Raine

Special thanks to Michael Raine for telling me about the idea and donating the kanji files necessary to implement the new lookup method.  He requests that the data files not be re-distributed for use in any commerical product without his express written permission.

Japanese Format Conversion Routines

File Name: 	JIS.C  (in source code package)

Version: 2.3

Date:	August 12, 1992

Author:	Ken R. Lunde, Adobe Systems Incorporated

EMAIL:	lunde@mv.us.adobe.com

MAIL :	1585 Charleston Road, P.O. Box 7900, Mountain View, CA 94039-7900

Type:	A tool for converting the Japanese code of Japanese textfiles.

Code:	ANSI C (portable)

DISTRIBUTION AND RESTRICTIONS ON USAGE:

1)	Please give this source code away to your friends at no charge.

2)	Please try to compile this source code on various platforms to check for portablity, and please report back to me with any results be they good or bad. Suggestions are always welcome.

3)	Only use this tool on a copy of a file -- do not use an original. This is just common sense.

4)	This source code or a compiled version may be bundled with commercial software as long as the author is notified beforehand. The author's name should also be mentioned in the credits.

5)	Feel free to use any of the algorithms for your own work. Many of them are being used in other tools I have written.

6)	The most current version can be obtained by requesting a copy directly from me.

Other Information on Japanese Formats

Input Line Editor

File Name: 	IME.C  (in source code package)

Copyright ©:	Kevin Ortman

Date:	June 9, 1995

Author:	Kevin Ortman

EMAIL:	ortman@unomaha.edu

MAIL :	13005 Nicholas St, Omaha NE 68154

Type:	A single line edit window to expand upon the JWP input process

Permission to use, copy, modify, distribute, and sell this software and its documentation for any purpose is hereby granted without fee, provided that all of the following conditions are satisfied:

1)	The above copyright notices appear in all copies

2)	Both those copyright notices and this permission notice appear in supporting documentation

This software is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.


The JWP Screen

The following is a snap-shot of a JWP screen.  Click on any part to see a description of its function.


ASCII (pronounced Ass-Key), or the American Standard Code of Information Interchange, encodes the English alphabet, punctuation symbols, Arabic numerals, and other symbols in a 7-bit coding scheme.  Microsoft Windows uses ANSI ASCII, the ASCII variant from the American National Standards Institute. ANSI ASCII encodes all ASCII characters plus many international alphabetic letters in an 8-bit coding scheme.  The lower 7 bits are identical to ASCII.

The IBM PC, however, has its own 8-bit coding scheme and does NOT conform to the ANSI ASCII standard, although the lower 7 bits are also identical to ASCII.  The higher 128 characters are coded differently from ANSI ASCII.  In Microsoft Windows, the IBM PC coding scheme is known as the "OEM character set".


Hex coding is base-16 (instead of the normal base-10 numerals).  The six addition digits are coded by the letters A (10) to F (15).


Standard DOS uses two special characters to match the names of many files at the same time.  The character '?' will match any single character (including none) in the name of a file; the character '*' will match any number of characters (including none).


A margin refers to the non-printing white spaces around the edges of a piece of paper.


An indentation refers to offsetting the main text from the margins of the paper of the file by a certain measured distance.


There are two types of page orientations:

Portrait

Landscape


Justification refers to the way text (especially English text) is formatted to fit between margins.  There are four types of justifications:

Left	All text is flushed to the left with minimal spaces between letters.

Right	All text is flushed to the right with minimal spaces between letters.

Center	All text is formatted so that the entire line is located in the exact center between the left and right margins, with minimal spaces between letters.

Justify	All text is fitted between the left and right margins such that the first and the last characters of the line coincide exactly with the margins.  White spaces between words are adjusted such that word spacing appears uniform.


A bushu ( [image]), or "radical", refers to a standardized sub-element that makes up part of a kanji.  Examples of bushu's are [image], [image] and [image].

JWP assigns each bushu with a unique number, known as the "bushu number". As far  as  possible,  this is the radical number used in the Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary,  edited by Andrew Nelson.  Where the classical or historical radical number differs from this,  it is present as a separate C<num> entry in the meanings.


Grades 1 through 6 indicate Jouyou ( [image], "common") grades 1 through 6. Grade 8 indicates general-use characters. Grade 9 indicates Jinmeiyou ( [image], "for use in names") characters. If not present, it is a kanji outside these categories.


The On-yomi reading(s) of a kanji ( [image], or "reading by sound") usually track the pronunciation(s) of the corresponding character in Chinese; in this case, the kanji is a symbiograph, representing a particular symbol.

The Kun-yomi reading(s) of a kanji ( [image]) are used particularly for Japanese words; in this case, the kanji is an ideograph, representing an idea in Japanese but is written in kanji form to facilitate reading.


If  not  present,  the character is not in the dictionary,  or is considered to be a non-standard version,  in which case it may have a cross-reference  code  in  the  form:  XNnnnn in the meanings field.  (Note that many kanji currently used are what Nelson described as "non-standard"  forms or glyphs.)


A template is a JWP file with a .TPL extension.  Whenever a template file is opened, a copy of the file is created instead of opening the template file itself.  The practical use of templates is to provide standardized, automatic settings for different types of documents.

SEE ALSO:

How to Create a New File

How to Use Templates


A glossary is a collection of abbreviations referring to longer phrases.  To minimize redundant typing, JWP will automatically expand a dynamic glossary item (called a "short-cut") into the full replacement phrase as soon as it is typed.  A non-dynamic glossary item will be expanded only when JWP is explicitly told to do so.

SEE ALSO:

How to Use the Dynamic Glossary


Instead of matching straight text character-by-character, a regular expression attempts to match a multitude of possible texts via special characters and pre-defined rules.


A hot-key is also known as an "accelerator" in Microsoft Windows.  It is a combination of keys (normal alphabetic keys, the Ctrl/Shift keys, and the 12 function keys) on the keyboard that invokes a certain function in JWP.  For example, the hot-key F2 is originally assigned to the function "convert from kana to kanji" so that, when it is pressed, JWP will convert the highlighted kana text into kanji's.  Some hotkeys have menu command equivalents, others don't.

SEE ALSO:

How to Assign Hot-Keys to Functions


A cache is a programming term referring to the use of faster memory to store redundant information that is recently-accessed or most-often-used so that, when such information is accessed again, faster memory is read and so the speed of the access is improved.

A disk cache, such as DOS's SMARTDRV, stores recently-accessed disk information in RAM (Random-Access Memory).  JWP's font and conversion caches store recently-used font bitmaps and kana-kanji conversion choices in RAM so that, when accessed again, the information does not need to be reloaded from disk.

SEE ALSO:

How to Look at JWP Statistics


32-bit programs for Windows NT and Windows 95 usually store their options in the system's registration database.  Doing so allows different users to have their own set of options for each program, available automatically when they log on to the machine.

Information stored in the registration database can be changed with the program REGEDIT.EXE.  EXTREME CAUTION must be exercised when changing things in the database because a lot of such information is critical to the normal operation of Windows.


This is JWP's file menu.  See Menu Commands for a detailed description of each menu command.


This is the file ruler.  See How to Change Paragraph Formatting for a detailed description of its use.


This is a file window.  See Entering Text for more details.


This is the Input Line Editor.  See How to Use the Input Line Editor for a detailed description of its use.


This is JWP's conversion bar (or kanji list).  See How to Enter Kanji's for a detailed description.


This is JWP's status bar.  It shows messages that JWP would like you to know, as well as the characters you typed in so far as part of a kana input.  See How to Enter Japanese and English Text for more details.


Pressing the Insert to File button will insert the kanji selected into the file currently being edited.


Pressing the Get Info button will look up the character selected, equivalent to the Get Info command under the Kanji menu.

SEE ALSO:

How to Get Information About a Kanji Character


Pressing the Forget It button will cancel the current operation without saving any change(s), if any.


Pressing the Done button will close the dialog box.


This is a change-input-mode button.  Clicking it with the left moust button will toggle between kana [image] and English [image] input modes.


Jim Breen's Internet email address is jwb@rdt.monash.edu.au.


Ken Lunde's Internet email address is lunde@mv.us.adobe.com.


Jack Halpern's Internet email address is jhalpern@cc.win.or.jp.


Those interested in Japanese coding schemes should read Ken Lunde's excellent document CJK.INF, included with the JWP package and available also from ftp.cc.monash.edu.au.

SEE ALSO:

Excerpts of CJK.INF regarding Japanese


JASCII refers to standard ASCII characters displayed in a fixed-width format.  The JIS coding standard encodes most of the standard ASCII characters in page 23 (hex).  While the second byte coding is identical to ASCII, JASCII is a two-byte character code (similar to all other JIS characters) and should not be mixed with standard ASCII characters, which is single-byte.

SEE ALSO:

How to Enter Any JIS Character


This feature on the icon bar is not yet supported.  See the Technical Support section in the on-line help for future update information.  (Choose the Technical Support command from the Help menu)


This button indicates the current input mode.  When pressed, the current input mode will switch to kana.  Kana and kanji text is entered through romaji readings

SEE ALSO:

Romaji Representations of Kana

How to Enter Kanji's


This button, when pressed, toggles whether English text will be entered in variable-width ASCII or fixed-width JASCII.


This button indicates the current input mode.  When pressed, the current input mode will switch to English.


This button, when pressed, will convert the selected kana text to kanji.  It is equivalent to the Convert command under the Kanji menu.

SEE ALSO:

How to Enter Kanji's


This button, when pressed, toggles the glossary list. It is equivalent to the Glossary command under the View menu.

SEE ALSO:

How to Use the Dynamic Glossary

How to Toggle Screen Elements


This button indicates whether special symbols are shown on the screen. It is equivalent to the Special Symbols command under the View menu.

SEE ALSO:

How to Toggle Screen Elements


This button is not yet implemented but soon!


This button is not yet implemented but soon!


Kanji Database (KINFO) Notes

Future updates of the KINFO database can be downloaded via anonymous FTP from ftp.cc.monash.edu.au.

Jim Breen has developed, among other very useful Japanese software packages, a "Japanese File Viewer" called JREADER that offers dictionary and kanji info support (look into ftp.cc.monash.edu.au).  JREADER uses the same kanji information data file (KINFO.DAT) used by JWP, making it possible for to keep one single copy for both programs.

To specify a different location for the kanji information file, you must change the following lines in JWP's initialization file JWP.INI (located inside the Windows directory):

[File Names]

Kanji Info=<directory>\KINFO.DAT

Kanji Info Index (Stroke)=<directory>\KINFOSTR.IDX

Kanji Info Index (Bushu)=<directory>\KINFOBSH.IDX

32-Bits Version Only:

The following entries in the registration database must be changed instead (they are all string values):

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\File Names\Kanji Info

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\File Names\Kanji Info Index (Stroke)

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\File Names\Kanji Info Index (Bushu)


Dictionary (EDCT) Notes

Jim Breen constantly updates and expands the dictionary; the latest version can always be downloaded via anonymous FTP from ftp.cc.monash.edu.au.  The new EDICT packaged in the file JWPEDICT.ZIP should be preferred because it contains the correct index file EDICT.JDX for use with JWP.

The dictionary format is also compatible with MOKE.  Therefore, it is possible to keep one single copy of the dictionary for MOKE, JWP and Jim Breen's JDIC.  Jim Breen constantly updates and expands the dictionary; look for releases of newer versions.

To keep one single copy of the dictionary for use with JWP, MOKE and JDIC, changes must be made to either the JWP.INI file in the Windows directory or the configuration files of MOKE and JDIC to reflect the correct file paths.

If you decide to keep the dictionary file (EDICT) and index file (EDICT.JDX) in the another directory, you should edit the following sections in JWP.INI (located inside the Windows directory):

[File Names]

Japanese Dictionary=<directory>\EDICT

Japanese Dictionary Index=<directory>\EDICT.JDX

32-Bits Version Only:

The following entries in the registration database must be changed instead (they are all string values):

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\File Names\Japanese Dictionary

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\File Names\Japanese Dictionary Index


Special Terms in the Dictionary

In designing the Japanese-English dictionary, special consideration has been given to making it usable by many different programs.  In this respect, the problem of adjectival nouns (keiyoudoushi [image], e.g.  and [image]), nouns which can be used adjectivally with the particle [image] and verbs formed by adding [image] (e.g. ). If entries are recorded with [image] or [image] included, some programs (e.g. MOKE) will not find a match when they are omitted or, the case of [image], inflected.

The solution is to put the basic noun into the dictionary and add "(vs)" where it can be used to form a verb with [image], "(a-no)" for common " [image] " usage, and "(an)" if it is an adjectival noun. Entries appear as:

study (vs)

simple (an)

Where necessary, verbs are marked with "(vi)" or "(vt)" according to whether they are intransitive or transitive. (Work on this aspect is continuing.) "(id)" is also used to mark idiomatic expressions, "(col)" for colloquialisms, "(pol)" for teineigo ( [image]), etc.

The (current) full list of such entry markers is:

an	adjectival nouns or quasi-adjectives (keiyoudoushi [image])

a-no	nouns which may take the genitive case particle

vs	noun or participle which takes the aux. verb

vt	transitive verb

vi	intransitive verb

id	idiomatic expression

col	colloquialism

vulg	vulgar expression or word

pn	person name (family or given)

pl	place name

giv	given name

fem	female given name

male	male given name

fam	familiar language

pol	polite (teineigo [image]) language

hum	humble (kenjougo [image]) language

hon	honorific or respectful (sonkeigo [image]) language

pref	prefix

suf	suffix

uk	word usually written using kana alone

uK	word usually written using kanji alone

oK	word containing out-dated kanji

iK	word containing irregular kanji usage

ik	word containing irregular kana usage

io	irregular okurigana usage

arch	archaism

X	rude or X-rated term (not displayed in educational software)

I	Type I ( [image]) verb (currently only added to verbs where the type is not implicit)

IV	Type IV (irregular) verb, such as [image].

MA	martial arts term

m-sl	manga slang


Notes on the Base Font

JWP's Base Font (i.e., the font to be used in dialog boxes, etc.) is originally set to 16×16 (usually Font #1).  It can be changed by editing the line in JWP.INI (located inside the Windows directory):

[Kanji Fonts]

Default Base Font=<Font number>

32-Bits Version Only:

The following entry in the registration database must be changed instead (they are all string values):

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\Kanji Fonts\Default Base Font


Radical Lookup Notes

For power users, the default behavior of Radical Lookup may not be satisfactory.  JWP allows you to further customize:

1)	When searches are performed - either by pressing the Search button or automatically whenever the choices change

2)	How the kanji list is sorted - not sorted (quickest), sorted by stroke count (slower), sorted by stroke count with Level 1 kanji's always in front of Level 2 kanji's (slowest)

If you decide to change the default settings, change the following lines in the [Others] section in JWP's initialization file JWP.INI (located inside the Windows directory):

[Others]

Automatic Radical Lookup=Yes	(or No)

Radical Lookup Sort Method=0	(0 = no sorting, 1 = stroke, 2 = level/stroke)

32-Bits Version Only:

The following entries in the registration database must be changed instead (they are all string values):

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\Others\Automatic Radical Lookup

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\Others\Radical Lookup Sort Method


Radical Lookup Dialog Box

See Also: How to Use Radical Lookup to Look Up a Kanji Character

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


Pressing the Reset button will clear all bushu and stroke-count selections to prepare for a new search.


Pressing the Search button will perform a kanji search via the "Radical Lookup" method.  The kanji list will display all kanji's containing the selected bushu(s) and, possibly, restricted within a range of strokes.

Power User Notes


Updated whenever the Search button is pressed, this field indicates the number of kanji's that match the current selection of bushu(s) and range of strokes.


This is the kanji list that contains the list of all kanji's matching the selected bushu(s) and, possibly, restricted within a range of strokes.

The list is updated by pressing the Search button and performing a Radical Lookup search.  Pressing the Reset button will clear this list to prepare for a new search.

The scroll bar at the bottom can be used to scroll through the list.

Power User Notes


A particular kanji selected within the kanji list will be highlighted.  When the Insert to File button is pressed, this kanji will be inserted into the file currently being edited.

Power User Notes


These buttons restrict the kanji's displayed in the kanji list to a specific range of strokes.  The Any button, if pressed, will allow all kanji's to be displayed in the kanji list.

Power User Notes


These buttons restrict the kanji's displayed in the kanji list to a specific range of strokes.  The 10+ button, if pressed and combining with a pressed digit button, will allow only those kanji's with the exact number of strokes (ten plus the number of the digit pressed) of to be displayed in the kanji list.

If both the 10+ button and 20+ button are pressed, then the kanji's displayed in the kanji list will have thirty plus the digit chosen strokes.

Power User Notes


These buttons restrict the kanji's displayed in the kanji list to a specific range of strokes.  The 20+ button, if pressed and combining with a pressed digit button, will allow only those kanji's with the exact number of strokes (twenty plus the number of the digit pressed) of to be displayed in the kanji list.

If both the 10+ button and 20+ button are pressed, then the kanji's displayed in the kanji list will have thirty plus the digit chosen strokes.

Power User Notes


These buttons restrict the kanji's displayed in the kanji list to a specific range of strokes.  The digit buttons (1 to 9), if pressed, will allow only those kanji's with the exact number of strokes to be displayed in the kanji list.

The zero button is effective only when combined with the 10+ or 20+ button(s).

To display only kanji's with more than nine strokes, combine a digit button with the 10+ or 20+ button(s).

Power User Notes


These buttons select the bushu(s) for the "Radical Lookup" search.  When the Search button is pressed, all kanji's containing the selected bushu(s) will be displayed in the kanji list.  The bushu buttons are cleared by pressing the Clear button.

Power User Notes


A bushu that is selected for the "Radical Lookup" search.

Power User Notes


File New Dialog Box

See Also: How to Create a New File

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This area contains all the templates in the templates directory (usually a TEMPLATE sub-directory under the main JWP directory).  The user can choose one particular template to open.


Pressing the Use This button will open the selected template and create a copy as a new file.


Pressing the Use None button will create a blank file using all default settings.


Kanji Lookup Dialog Box

See Also: How to Look Up a Kanji Character

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is the kanji list that contains the list of all kanji's, sorted in the selected sort order.

The list is updated by pressing advancing the bushu/stroke-count numbers with the scrollbars or by changing the sort order by selecting the Bushu/Strokes radio buttons.

The scroll bar at the bottom can be used to scroll through the list.


A particular kanji selected within the kanji list will be highlighted.  When the Insert to File button is pressed, this kanji will be inserted into the file currently being edited.

The bushu and stroke-count numbers show in the scrollbars always reflect the kanji currently selected in the kanji list.


This radio button, when selected, will sort the kanji list first by stroke count, then by bushu number.


This radio button, when selected, will sort the kanji list first by bushu number, then by stroke count.


A kanji can be found by setting its stroke-count (e.g. the number of strokes that make up the kanuji) on the scrollbar.  The arrow buttons at both ends may be used to scroll through possible numbers.


A kanji can be found by setting its bushu number on the scrollbar. The arrow buttons at both ends may be used to scroll through possible numbers.


The number of strokes for the kanji selected in the kanji list.


The bushu number for the kanji selected in the kanji list, together with a picture of the actual bushu.


JIS Entry Dialog Box

See Also: How to Enter Any JIS Character

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


Enter the JIS code of the Japanese character here.  The code must be entered in hex.


Pressing the Insert button will insert the specific kanji (represented by the JIS code entered) into the file currently being edited.


JIS Table Dialog Box

See Also: How to Enter Any JIS Character

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is the JIS kanji table that contains the list of all JIS-coded Japanese characters, separated into pages, with a maximum of 94 characters on each page.  The number of the page is displayed below, both in decimal and (more commonly) in hex.

The characters in the table are arranged in JIS Coding order.  They go from left to right, then top to bottom.  The horizontal scale (with 16 slots), corresponds to the lowest four bits (0 to F) of the second byte of each character's JIS coding. The vertical scale (with 6 slots), corresponds to the highest four bits (2 to 7).

The JIS coding scheme encodes each character in a page from hex 21 to hex 7E, which explains the blank cells at the upper-left and lower-right corners.

The kanji table will flip to the next/previous page if the PgUp, PuDn or Prev/Next buttons are pressed.  The scroll bar on the right can also be used to scroll through the pages.


A particular kanji selected within the JIS kanji table will be highlighted.  When the Insert to File button is pressed, this kanji will be inserted into the file currently being edited.


A particular page can be found by scrolling to the page number using the scrollbar. The arrow buttons at both ends may also be used to scroll through possible pages. The number of the current page is displayed below, both in decimal and (more commonly) in hex.


Pressing the Prev button will flip the JIS kanji table to the previous available page.


Pressing the Next button will flip the JIS kanji table to the next available page.


The number of the current page is displayed here, both in decimal and (more commonly) in hex.


Text Search Dialog Box

See Also: How to Search for and Replace Text

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


The text to be searched for should be entered here.  If regular expressions are used, as in this example, then the Regular Expression option must be checked.


Pressing the Go button will start the text search.


The Ignore Case option, when checked, will match text in the file with the text to be searched for, even though the characters may not be in the same case.


The Regular Expression option, when checked, causes JWP to assume that the text to be searched for is a regular expression instead of straight text.  If this option is not checked, then the text to be searched for is treated as straight text, even if it contains regular expression special characters.


The JASCII=Normal ASCII option, when checked, will match text in the file with the text to be searched, even if a character in the file is JASCII and the corresponding character in the text to be searched for is ASCII, or vice versa.

Since JASCII and standard ASCII are two different coding schemes, JWP will normally not attempt to match characters between them, even though they refer to the same letter.


The Wrap Around option, when checked, causes JWP to continue searching from the top of the file when the end of the file is reached and the text to be searched for is not yet found.


The Whole File option, when checked, causes JWP to always start searching from the beginning of the file.  If this option is not checked, text search starts from the current cursor position in the file.


Text Search and Replace Dialog Box

See Also: How to Search for and Replace Text

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


The text to replace any text in the file that matches the text to be searched for should be entered here.


Pressing the Go button will start the text search and replace any matching text with the replacement text.


The No Confirmation option, when checked, causes JWP to automatically replace all the texts in the file that match the text to be searched for.  If this option is not checked, JWP will ask for your confirmation before replacing each instance.


File Summary Dialog Box

See Also: How to Edit File Summaries

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


Pressing the Done button will close the dialog box and save any change(s) to the file summary information.


The title of the file goes here.  Providing this information can facilitate subsequently finding this file.

If the file is saved as a template, this title will also be shown in the File New dialog box.

SEE ALSO:

How to Find a File


The subject of the file goes here. Providing this information can facilitate subsequently finding this file.

If the file is saved as a template, this entry will be blanked out.

SEE ALSO:

How to Find a File


The author of the file goes here. Providing this information can facilitate subsequently finding this file.

If the file is saved as a template, this entry will be blanked out.

SEE ALSO:

How to Find a File


The keywords of the file goes here. Providing this information can facilitate subsequently finding this file.

If the file is saved as a template, this entry will be blanked out.

SEE ALSO:

How to Find a File


An ad hoc comment on the file may go here. Providing this information can facilitate subsequently finding this file.

If the file is saved as a template, this entry will be blanked out.

SEE ALSO:

How to Find a File


File Header/Footer Dialog Box

See Also: How to Put in Headers and Footers

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


The highlighted / selected item indicates whether the header or footer of the file is currently being worked on.  If the Different Left and Right Pages option is checked, the number of choices increases to four: Left Page Header, Left Page Footer, Right Page Header, Right Page Footer.


Pressing the Done button will close the dialog box and save any change(s) to the header/footer information.


Pressing the Edit button will open the Edit Header/Footer Dialog Box and allows editing of the selected header/footer of the file.

The Edit Header/Footer Dialog Box


The Different Left and Right Pages option, when checked, allows different headers and footers to appear for left (odd-number) and right (even-number) pages.  This is useful for printing double-sided materials.


The No First Page option, when checked, causes JWP not to print a header and footer for the first page of the file.  This is useful for printing documents with a cover page or letter.


Edit Header/Footer Dialog Box

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


The text entered here will be printed on the header/footer left-aligned.


The text entered here will be printed on the header/footer centered.


The text entered here will be printed on the header/footer right-aligned.


Format Paragraph Dialog Box

See Also: How to Change Paragraph Formatting

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This area contains the indentation of the selected paragraphs, in Japanese character units.  A "2", for example, indicates an indentation of two kanji/Japanese character widths from the margin, NOT two inches or two English characters widths.


This indicates the distance that the selected paragraphs in the file are indentated from the left margin of the paper, except for the first line of each paragraph.  It can be changed paragraph-to-paragraph.

Indentations are measured in Japanese character units.  Only whole numbers are accepted, positive or negative.  A "2", for example, indicates an indentation of two kanji/Japanese character widths, NOT two inches or two English characters widths.


This indicates the distance that the selected paragraphs in the file are indentated from the right margin of the paper. It can be changed paragraph-to-paragraph.

Indentations are measured in Japanese character units.  Only whole numbers are accepted, positive or negative.  A "2", for example, indicates an indentation of two kanji/Japanese character widths, NOT two inches or two English characters widths.


This indicates the distance that the first line of each selected paragraph in the file is indentated from the left margin of the paper. It can be changed paragraph-to-paragraph.

Indentations are measured in Japanese character units.  Only whole numbers are accepted, positive or negative.  A "2", for example, indicates an indentation of two kanji/Japanese character widths, NOT two inches or two English characters widths.


This indicates the line spacing of the selected paragraphs.


Pressing the Done button will close the dialog box and save any change(s) to the paragraph formatting.


Page Setup Dialog Box

See Also: How to Set up Page Margins

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This indicates the current printer type and port selected.


This indicates the current orientation of the paper.  It can be changed from file to file.


This indicates the unit that JWP uses to measure margins.  Choices are:

Inches	"

Centimeters	cm

Millimeters	mm

Points	1/72 of one inch

Pixels	one screen pixel


Given the margin settings, this number indicates the total number of Japanese characters that will fit on one horizontal line when printed.

SEE ALSO:

Printing


This area contains the page margins of the file, in the chosen measurement unit.


This indicates the left margin of the file. It can be changed from file to file.


This indicates the right margin of the file. It can be changed from file to file.


This indicates the top margin of the file. It can be changed from file to file.


This indicates the bottom margin of the file. It can be changed from file to file.


This area contains the default page margins of the file, in the chosen measurement unit.  The default page margins are set by pressing the Make Default button.

Whenever a new file is created or when the user chooses the Use None button, or when JWP creates a blank file automatically on start-up, the default page margins will be used.

SEE ALSO:

How to Create a New File


This area contains the default left margin of the file, in the chosen measurement unit.  The default page margins are set by pressing the Make Default button.

Whenever a new file is created or when the user chooses the Use None button, or when JWP creates a blank file automatically on start-up, the default page margins will be used.

SEE ALSO:

How to Create a New File


This area contains the default right margin of the file, in the chosen measurement unit.  The default page margins are set by pressing the Make Default button.

Whenever a new file is created or when the user chooses the Use None button, or when JWP creates a blank file automatically on start-up, the default page margins will be used.

SEE ALSO:

How to Create a New File


This area contains the default top margin of the file, in the chosen measurement unit.  The default page margins are set by pressing the Make Default button.

Whenever a new file is created or when the user chooses the Use None button, or when JWP creates a blank file automatically on start-up, the default page margins will be used.

SEE ALSO:

How to Create a New File


This area contains the default bottom margin of the file, in the chosen measurement unit.  The default page margins are set by pressing the Make Default button.

Whenever a new file is created or when the user chooses the Use None button, or when JWP creates a blank file automatically on start-up, the default page margins will be used.

SEE ALSO:

How to Create a New File


Pressing the Done button will close the dialog box and save any change(s) to the document margins, page orientation and margin measurement unit.


Pressing the Make Default button will substitute the current set of page margins as the new default page margins.

Whenever a new file is created or when the user chooses the Use None button, or when JWP creates a blank file automatically on start-up, the default page margins will be used.

SEE ALSO:

How to Create a New File


Dynamic Glossary Dialog Box

See Also: How to Use the Dynamic Glossary

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This list shows the abbreviations (short-cuts) of all the glossary items currently defined.  An item selected will be highlighted.

The scroll bar on the right can be used to scroll through the list.


This is the abbreviation (short-cut) of the currently selected (highlighted) glossary item in the list.


This is the full expanded replacement phrase of the currently selected (highlighted) glossary item in the list.


The Dynamic option, when checked, causes JWP to automatically replace the abbreviation (short-cut) of the selected item with the full expanded replacement phrase, as soon as it is typed.  If this option is not checked, the only way to enter the selected item is via the "glossary" button on the iconbar or the Glossary command under the View menu.

SEE ALSO:

How to Toggle Screen Elements


If the Hidden option is checked for a glossary item, it will not show up in the glossary list (activated by pressing the "glossary" button on the iconbar or choosing the Glossary command from the View menu).  If this option is not checked, the only way to enter the selected glossary item is to make it dynamic.

SEE ALSO:

How to Toggle Screen Elements


The Delete button will delete the selected glossary item from the list.


The Add button will enable the addition of a new glossary item.

The Add Glossary Dialog Box


The Edit button will allow editing/changing of the selected glossary item in the list.

The Edit Glossary Dialog Box


Add Glossary Dialog Box

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is the abbreviation (short-cut) of the new glossary item.  It can be changed at will.


This is the full expanded replacement phrase of the new glossary item. It can be changed at will.


The Add button will add the new glossary item into the list.


Edit Glossary Dialog Box

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is the abbreviation (short-cut) of the selected glossary item.  It can be changed at will.


This is the full expanded replacement phrase of the selected glossary item. It can be changed at will.


Pressing the Done button will save any change(s) to the glossary item.


Japanese-English Dictionary

See Also: How to Use the Japanese-English Dictionary

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


The text to be searched for should be entered here.  Either Japanese or English is accepted, but not both.  An English entry must be at least three letters long.


Pressing the Search button will start the text search in the Japanese-English dictionary.


After a search, the number of entries in the dictionary matching the text to be searched for is shown here.


Pressing the Insert to File button will insert the text selected into the file currently being edited.


This is a list of all the dictionary entries that matches the text to be searched for.  The scroll bar on the right can be used to scroll through the list.

Meanings of Special Terms


A particular line selected within the list will be highlighted.  When the Insert to File button is pressed, the entire line of text will be inserted into the file currently being edited.


Assign Hot-Keys to Functions Dialog Box

See Also: How to Assign Hot-Keys to Functions

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This list shows all the functionalities of JWP that a hot-key can be assigned to.

The scroll bar on the right can be used to scroll through the list.


A particular function selected within the list will be highlighted.  Pressing the Change button allows changing the hot-key assigned to this function.


The hot-key currently assigned to the selected function is always shown here.


Pressing the Done button will save any change(s) to hot-key assignments.


Pressing the Delete button erase the hot-key currently assigned to the selected function.


The Change button allows editing/changing of the hot-key assigned to the selected function in the list.

The Change Hot-Key Dialog Box


Change Hot-Key Dialog Box

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is the JWP functionality currently selected.


This is the hot-key originally assigned to the selected function, before the Change button was pressed.


This is the hot-key currently assigned to the selected function.  It always reflects the key button(s) selected below.


Pressing the Done button will save any change(s) to the hot-key assigned to the selected function.


Pressing one of these alphabetic letter keys will cause a hot-key that is a combination of this key plus the Ctrl key, plus the checked Shift option, if any, to be assigned to the selected function.


Pressing one of these function keys will cause a hot-key that is a combination of this key plus any checked option(s) (Ctrl or Shift) to be assigned to the selected function.


The Ctrl option, when checked, will assign a hot-key to the selected function that is the combination of the Ctrl key and the selected alphabetic letter or function key.


The Shift option, when checked, will assign a hot-key to the selected function that is the combination of the Shift key and the selected function key.


This is the key currently selected.  A hot-key that is a combination of this key plus any checked option(s) (Ctrl or Shift) will be assigned to the selected function.


Change Options Dialog Box

See Also: How to ChangeOptions

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


The Relax Margin for Punctuation option, if checked, JWP will attempt to place Japanese punctuation characters (such as [image]) and all small kana's (such as [image] [image]) beyond the right margin to prevent them from starting a new line.

SEE ALSO:

How to Set up Page Margins


The Show All Possibilities in Conversion option, if checked, will cuase JWP to continuously show the list of kanji's matching the current highlighted kana text whenever a kana-to-kanji conversion is in progess.

SEE ALSO:

How to Enter Japanese and English Text

How to Enter Kanji's


The 3D Dialog Boxes option, if checked, will give all dialog boxes a three-dimensional look.


The Glossary Disappears after Selection option, if checked, will the pop-up glossary list to disappear whenever a user chooses an item from the list.

SEE ALSO:

How to Use the Dynamic Glossary


The Retain Changes with Saved File option, if checked, will cause JWP to save changes made to the file in addition to the text, when saving a file in the JWP Normal format. Those changes can then be reversed through the undo feature in later sessions.

SEE ALSO:

How to Undo and Redo Changes


This area controls the position of the conversion bar.  It can be either Top (just below the iconbar), Bottom (just above the status bar) or Floating (around the screen).


This area controls how English text is justified when printed.  The Short Text justification type (set in the options) indicates the type of justification for printing English text that is sandwiched between Japanese characters.  The most satisfying short-text justification mode appears to be Center, then Justify.

The Long Text justification type (also set in the options) is used to justify text that are long enough to dominate the line. Justify appears to work best so that all English text will be aligned with the right margin of Japanese text.

SEE ALSO:

How to Print a File


When Japanese text is copied to the clipboard (through the Copy or Cut commands under the Edit menu), such text can be subsequently pasted to another application.  This option will determine what format the text will take when being pasted outside of JWP.


This controls the number of levels of undo that JWP should keep.  Several pre-set levels are available.  JWP attempts to keep as many changes to a document as possible until no more memory is avilable.  If no more memory is available, all redo's and then the oldest changes will be dropped to make room.


Pressing Done button will save any change(s) to the options.


System Statistics Dialog Box

See Also: How to Look at JWP Statistics

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This area shows the cache hit ratios for the font and conversion caches.  A cache hit ratio is the percentage of total information accessed that is actually found in one of the caches and so does not require reloading from disk.  A cache hit ratio of less than 50% may degrade performance.


Kanji font-cache information is arranged in the following order:

Total number of different kanji font cache(s)

Number of bitmaps found in the font cache(s)  /  Total number of bitmaps requested

(Percentage of cache hits)

Total number of font bitmaps cached


Conversion cache information is arranged in the following order:

Number of conversions found in the font cache(s)  /  Total number of conversions requested

(Percentage of cache hits)

Total number of conversions cached


This area shows statistics about the file currently being edited.


This is the total number of characters (including white spaces, punctuation, etc.) in the file currently being edited.


This is the total number of changes, made to the file currently being edited, that are kept and can be reversed through the Undo command under the Edit menu.

SEE ALSO:

How to Change Options


This area shows statistics about how JWP is using memory.  Check them out if JWP is running too sluggishly.


This is the total amount of memory that JWP is currently using, expressed in kilobytes (or 1,024 bytes).  This total does not include the memory allocated for JWP's program code and local stack.


This bar shows how JWP uses the memory it owns.  The black portion corresponds to the amount of memory actually used for storing useful information, including text.  The grey portion is JWP's memory overheads.  The white portion is not currently used.  A large black portion indicates efficient memory usage.


This bar shows how JWP uses the memory it owns.  The black is actually used for storing useful information, including text.  The grey portion corresponds to memory used for JWP's memory overheads.  The white portion is not currently used.  A large grey portion indicates inefficient memory usage.


This bar shows how JWP uses the memory it owns.  The black portion is actually used for storing useful information, including text.  The grey portion is JWP's memory overheads.  The white portion corresponds to memory that JWP owns but is not currently used.  A large white portion indicates inefficient memory usage.


This number indicates the amount of memory that JWP owns is actually being used, either for storing useful information or as overheads in managing the memory.  A memory usage percentage of less than 90% indicates inefficient memory usage.


Kanji Fonts Dialog Box

See Also: Concepts About Japanese Fonts and Printing

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


Pressing the Done button will save any change(s) to the kanji font settings.


This setting controls the English font that JWP will use to print all non-Japanese text.  A font name prefixed by an asterisk (*) is a font available on the printer as a native font. Because JWP is designed to handle mainly Japanese text, each line is exactly the height of a line of Japanese text.  It is therefore strongly recommended that the text font chosen to be smaller than the size of the kanji print font.  If a text font larger than the kanji printing size is chosen, English text may intrude into previous lines.


These settings control the Japanese fonts that JWP will use to print and to display text on the screen.  Because screen resolution is usually much lower than the printer resolution, the font chosen For Display is usually much smaller than the font For Printing.  The nxn measurement refers to the size of each character in the Japanese font, in terms of actual dots that make up the character.

The size of the font For Printing, when actually printed on the selected printer, will be shown below in points (i.e. 1/72 of an inch).


The size of the Japanese font For Printing, when actually printed on the selected printer, will be shown below in points (i.e. 1/72 of an inch).  For example, if [image] 24x24 is chosen as the Japanese font For Printing, then each character printed will be made up by 24x24 dots.  If the header says, "Kanji Printing Size = 12.0", then the size of each Japanese text printed will be 12 points, or 1/6 of an inch.

The Kanji Printing Size can be changed. JWP will magnify or shrink the font For Printing in order to match the desired Printing Size.


Kanji Information Dialog Box

See Also: How to Get Information About a Kanji Character

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


A large picture of the kanji being looked up.  JWP will automatically use the highest-resolution Japanese font installed on your system.


This is a list of all On reading(s) ( [image]) of the kanji being looked up, expressed in katakana.


This is a list of all Kun reading(s) ( [image]) of the kanji being looked up, expressed in hiragana.  Texts in parentheses corresponds to different okurigana's ( [image]) of a reading.  Texts following a leading dash ( [image]) character represent word endings.


This is a list of the kanji's meaning(s) in English.


This is a count of the total number of strokes for the kanji being looked up.


This is the primary bushu of the kanji being looked up.


This is the JIS coding of the kanji being looked up, expressed in hex.  The text in parentheses is the corresponding hex coding with the high-bits set, which corresponds to an EUC (Enhanced UNIX Code) representation.


This is the JIS coding of the kanji being looked up, expressed in the equivalent ASCII characters without the high-bits set.


This is the Jouyou ( [image], "common") grade level of the kanji being looked up.


This is the type of the kanji being looked up.  Possible types, according to the JIS coding scheme, are:

Japanese punctuation and symbols

English alphabet and numeric digits

Hiragana's

Katakana's

Greek alphabet

Russian alphabet

Reserved characters

Level 1 (Common) kanji

Level 2 (Uncommon) kanji


This is the index number, if any, of the kanji being looked up in the Modern Reader's Japanese-English Character Dictionary,  edited by Andrew Nelson.


This is the index number, if any, of the kanji being looked up in the New Japanese-English Character Dictionary,  edited by Jack Halpern.


Pressing the More button will open up another screen of (more advanced) information on the kanji.

The More Kanji Information Dialog Box


More Kanji Information Dialog Box

See Also: How to Get Information About a Kanji Character

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is the Unicode encoding of the kanji.


This is the SKIP pattern code of the kanji. The System of Kanji Indexing by Patterns (SKIP) is a scheme for the classification and rapid retrieval of Chinese characters on the basis of geometrical patterns. Developed by Jack Halpern, it first appeared in the New Japanese-English Character Dictionary (Kenkyusha, Tokyo 1990; NTC, Chicago 1993), and is being used in a series of dictionaries and learning tools called KIT (Kanji Integrated Tools). SKIP codes are of the form "<num> - <num> - <num>".

SKIP is protected by copyright, copyleft and patent laws. The commercial utilization of SKIP in any form is strictly forbidden without the written permission of Jack Halpern, the copyright holder. (See Copyright Notices for more details.)


This is the "Four Corners" code for the kanji. "Four Corners" is a code invented by Wang Chen in 1928 and it has since then been widely used for dictionaries in China and Japan. In some cases there are two of these codes, as it is can be little ambiguous, and Morohashi has some kanji coded differently from their traditional Chinese codes. Note that these codes are in need of proof-reading (planned for 1994) and thus users are advised to be cautious using the codes for serious scholarship.


This is the historical or classical radical number (where this differs from JWP's bushu number.)


This is the frequency-of-use ranking of the kanji. The 2,135 most-used characters have a ranking; those characters that lack this field are not ranked. The frequency is a number from 1 to 2,135 that expresses the relative frequency of occurrence of a character in modern Japanese. This data is based on statistics published by The National Language Research Institute (Tokyo), interpreted and adapted by Jack Halpern in a manner to make it useful to the learner. The data is derived from the New Japanese-English Character Dictionary (Kenkyusha, Tokyo 1990; NTC, Chicago 1993). The commercial utilization of the frequency numbers is prohibited without written permission from Jack Halpern. Use by individuals and small groups for reference and research purposes is permitted, on condition that acknowledgement of the source and this notice are included. (See Copyright Notices for more details.)


These are "PinYin" readings of each kanji.  "PinYin" is the official (Mandarin or Beijing) Chinese Romanization. About 6,000 of the kanji's have these. Obviously most of the native Japanese kokuji ( [image]) do not have PinYin, however one does as it was taken into Chinese at a later date.

"PinYin" has four normal tones and one light tone.  The symbol "/" (e.g. á) over a vowel indicates the second tone for the reading, a "^" (e.g. â) indicates the third tone while a "\" (e.g. à) indicates the forth tone.


This is the volume, page and index numbers respectively of the kanji in the 13-volume Morohashi Daikanwa Jiten ( [image]).


This is the index code of the kanji in the Spahn & Hadamitsky dictionary. The indexes are in the form nxnn.n, e.g. 3k11.2. For the most part the only kanji to have S&H codes are those without Nelson or Halpern codes.


This is the index number of the kanji in the Gakken Kanji Dictionary ("A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage"). Some of the numbers relate to the list at the back of the book, jouyou [image] kanji not contained in the dictionary, and various historical tables at the end.


This is the index number of the kanji used in "Remembering The Kanji" by James Heisig.


This is the index number of the kanji used in "A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters" by Kenneth G. Henshall. There are 1945 kanji with these numbers (i.e. the Jouyou [image] subset.)


This is a cross-reference for the kanji. An entry of, say, "Nelson 1234" will mean that the user is referred to the kanji with the (unique) Nelson index of 1234. "JIS xxxx" is a cross-reference to the kanji with the JIS hexadecimal code of xxxx.


This table lists out the common misclassifications (usually SKIP codes) for the kanji.


Notes on the Meanings Field

For most of the kanji's, the last line in the meanings field consists of a number of coded information, arranged as follows:

C<num>	The historical or classical radical number (where this differs from the bushu entry.) There will be at most one of these.

F<num>	The frequency-of-use ranking. At most one per line. The 2,135 most-used characters have a ranking; those characters that lack this field are not ranked. The frequency is a number from 1 to 2,135 that expresses the relative frequency of occurrence of a character in modern Japanese. The data is based on statistics published by The National Language Research Institute (Tokyo), interpreted and adapted by Jack Halpern in a manner to make it useful to the learner. The data is derived from the New Japanese-English Character Dictionary (Kenkyusha, Tokyo 1990; NTC, Chicago 1993). The commercial utilization of the frequency numbers is prohibited without written permission from Jack Halpern. Use by individuals and small groups for reference and research purposes is permitted, on condition that acknowledgement of the source and this notice are included. (See Other Copyright Notices for more details.)

P<code>	The SKIP pattern code. The <code> is of the form "P<num>-<num>-<num>". The System of Kanji Indexing by Patterns (SKIP) is a scheme for the classification and rapid retrieval of Chinese characters on the basis of geometrical patterns. Developed by Jack Halpern, it first appeared in the New Japanese-English Character Dictionary (Kenkyusha, Tokyo 1990; NTC, Chicago 1993), and is being used in a series of dictionaries and learning tools called KIT (Kanji Integrated Tools). SKIP is protected by copyright, copyleft and patent laws. The commercial utilization of SKIP in any form is strictly forbidden without the written permission of Jack Halpern, the copyright holder. (See Other Copyright Notices for more details.)

U<hexnum>	The Unicode encoding of the kanji. There is exactly one per line.

I<code>	The index code in the Spahn & Hadamitsky dictionary. These are in the form nxnn.n, e.g. 3k11.2. For the most part the only kanji to have S&H codes are those without Nelson or Halpern codes.

Qnnnn.n	The "Four Corner" code for that kanji. This is a code invented by Wang Chen in 1928, it has since then been widely used for dictionaries in China and Japan. In some cases there are two of these codes, as it is can be little ambiguous, and Morohashi has some kanji coded differently from their traditional Chinese codes. Note that these codes are in need of proof-reading (planned for 1994) and thus users are advised to be cautious using the codes for serious scholarship.

MNnnnnnnn and MPnn.nnnn	The index number and volume.page respectively of the kanji in the 13-volume Morohashi Daikanwa Jiten ( [image]).

Ennnn	The index number used in "A Guide To Remembering Japanese Characters" by Kenneth G. Henshall. There are 1945 kanji with these numbers (i.e. the Jouyou [image] subset.)

Knnnn	The index number in the Gakken Kanji Dictionary ("A New Dictionary of Kanji Usage"). Some of the numbers relate to the list at the back of the book, jouyou [image] kanji not contained in the dictionary, and various historical tables at the end.

Lnnnn	The index number used in "Remembering The Kanji" by James Heisig.

Yxxxxx	The "PinYin" of each kanji, i.e. the (Mandarin or Beijing) Chinese Romanization. About 6,000 of the kanji's have these. Obviously most of the native Japanese kokuji ( [image]) do not have PinYin, however one does as it was taken into Chinese at a later date.

Xxxxxxx	A cross-reference code. An entry of, say, XN1234 will mean that the user is referred to the kanji with the (unique) Nelson index of 1234. XJxxxx is a cross-reference to the kanji with the JIS hexadecimal code of xxxx.

Zxxxxxx	A mis-classification code. It means that this kanji is sometimes mis-classified as having the xxxxxx coding. In the case of the SKIP classifications, an extra letter code is used to indicate the type of mis-classification. ZPPn-n-n, ZSPn-n-n and ZBPn-n-n indicate mis-classification according to position, stroke-count and both position and stroke-count.


User Conversions Dialog Box

See Also: How to Define New Kana-to-Kanji Conversions

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This list shows all the use-definedr kana-to-kanji conversions currently defined.  The scroll bar on the right can be used to scroll through the list.


A particular user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion selected from the list will be highlighted.  The kanji's list to the right will automatically change to show all the kanji texts defined for that user conversion.


When a user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion is selected from the list to the left, all the kanji texts defined for that selected user conversion will be shown here.


A particular kanji text for the selected user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion selected will be highlighted.  Pressing the Edit button will allow editing of that particular conversion.


The Delete button will delete the selected user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion from the list.


The Add button will enable the addition of a new user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion.

The Add User Conversion Dialog Box


The Edit button will allow editing/changing of the selected user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion in the list.

The Edit User Conversion Dialog Box


Pressing the Done button will save any change(s) to the user-defined kana-to-kanji conversions.


Add User Conversion Dialog Box

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is the kana reading for the new user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion. If only hiragana's are entered, potential conversions will only match the exact hiragana string.

One (and only one) of the following letters can appear at the end of the hiragana reading:

u k g s z t d n m h b p r

These letters correspond to the first letter of the romaji representation of the ending kana if the reading is a verb categorized under the [image] group.


This is the kanji text for the new user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion.


The Add button will add the new user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion into the list.


Edit User Conversion Dialog Box

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is the kana reading for the selected user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion.  It may be edited/changed at will. If only hiragana's are entered, potential conversions will only match the exact hiragana string.

One (and only one) of the following letters can appear at the end of the hiragana reading:

u k g s z t d n m h b p r

These letters correspond to the first letter of the romaji representation of the ending kana if the reading is a verb categorized under the [image] group.


This is the kanji text for the selected user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion.  It may be changed at will.


Pressing the Done button will save any change(s) to the selected user-defined kana-to-kanji conversion.


Find File Dialog Box

See Also: How to Find a File

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is a list of files found by JWP that match the specific search criteria.  The search criteria is specified with the Search button.

A scroll bar will appear on the right when the number of files exceed one screenful and can be used to scroll through the list.


A particular file selected within the list of files will be highlighted.  When the Open button is pressed, this file will be opened. When the Get Info button is pressed, infomation on this file will be displayed.


This area controls the locations that JWP will search.


This radio button, when selected, will search for files only in the current directory.  The current directory is shown in the Directory box above.


This radio button, when selected, will search for files only in the current directory and all its subdirectories (if any) and their subdirectories (if any) and so on.  The current directory is shown in the Directory box above.  A list of all subdirectories of the current directory is shown immediately underneath the current directory.


This radio button, when selected, will search for files in the entire disk drive.  The current disk drive is shown in the Directory box above.


This radio button, when selected, will search for files in all possible disk drives.


This shows the name of the current directory.  When the Search button is pressed and if the Current Directory Only option is selected, JWP will search for files in this directory.


This is a list of all subdirectories (if any) of the current directory, which is shown immediately above. When the Search button is pressed and if the All Sub-directories option is selected, JWP will search for files in all of these directories (and their subdirectories and so on) as well.

Double-clicking any subdirectory with the left mouse button will make that particular subdirectory the new current directory.  Double-clicking Go Up will make the parent directory the new current directory.


Double-clicking Go Up will make the parent directory of the current directory the new current directory.


Pressing the Search button will open the search criteria dialog box and allow you to start a new search.

The Search Criteria Dialog Box


Pressing the Open button will open file currently selected in the list.


Pressing the Get Info button will open a dialog box that shows a number of useful information about the file selected in the list.  Use this to help ensure the file is the correct one before opening it.

The File Information Dialog Box


File Information Dialog Box

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This is the name of the file, including the full pathname.


This is the time at which the file was first created.


This is the time at which the file was last modified.


This is a measure of the exact size of the file, expressed in number of bytes (characters) as well as number of kilobytes (1,024 bytes).


This is the type of the file that JWP determines.  If the file is in JWP Normal format, then it will show "JWP File"; otherwise it will show "DOS file".  In addition, if the file is read-only, it will show "Read-Only".  If the file has its Archive bit set (meaning it has been changed but not yet backed up), it will show "Archive bit set".


If the file is saved in the JWP Normal format, this shows the title of the file as entered in the file summary.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


If the file is saved in the JWP Normal format, this shows the subject of the file as entered in the file summary.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


If the file is saved in the JWP Normal format, this shows the author of the file as entered in the file summary.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


If the file is saved in the JWP Normal format, this shows the keywords of the file as entered in the file summary.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


If the file is saved in the JWP Normal format, this shows the comments of the file as entered in the file summary.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


Search Criteria Dialog Box

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


Enter the name of the file to be searched for here.  Wildcard characters can be used to find a number of files.


Use this field to search for files containing specific words in their titles.  If text is entered into this field, all files found will always be saved in the JWP Normal format.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


Use this field to search for files containing specific words in their subjects.  If text is entered into this field, all files found will always be saved in the JWP Normal format.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


Use this field to search for files containing specific words in their author fields.  If text is entered into this field, all files found will always be saved in the JWP Normal format.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


Use this field to search for files containing specific words in their keywords.  If text is entered into this field, all files found will always be saved in the JWP Normal format.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


Use this field to search for files containing specific words in their comments.  If text is entered into this field, all files found will always be saved in the JWP Normal format.

SEE ALSO:

How to Edit File Summaries


Pressing the Search button will perform a search based on the criteria entered.


How to Recover a Defective JWP File

If You Have a Defective JWP File

JWP is free software and is supported by many volunteers on the Internet all over the world.  Because of this, it will not be surprising if certain defects still exist in the program, not caught by extensive testing.  Other commercial software is usually no exception.

If you find yourself having a file saved in JWP Normal format but JWP somehow fails to open it, or even crashes when opening it, there are a few action steps you can take to recover the data in that file.  Before going into the recovery steps, however, you need to understand the JWP Normal file format.

The JWP Normal File Format

A file saved under the JWP Normal format has the following structure:

<A magic number to indicate this is a JWP file, 0x42022667 in hex>

<File header information, including margin settings, headers/footers, file summaries etc.>

<File summary information, if any>

<Headers and footers, if any>

<Undo information, if any>

<Paragraph formatting information> <Paragraph text in EUC format>

<Paragraph formatting information> <Paragraph text in EUC format>

<Paragraph formatting information> <Paragraph text in EUC format>

:

:

The magic number (4 bytes) and the file header (124 bytes) together occupy the first 128 bytes (characters) of the file.  A bunch of optional data will follow this first 128 bytes, followed by the real text of the document.  Before each paragraph of the text is a section of data containing paragraph formatting information.

Recovery Steps

The key to recivering a defective JWP Normal file is the format of the stored data: EUC.  A JWP Normal file is, in essence, nothing more than a EUC file with bits of information padding in the front.  When JWP chokes on those additional information, you can open the file in EUC format and recover all the text, albeit without all the formatting (such as file summaries, margins, indentations, etc.).

1.	First rename the JWP file (which ends in .JWP) into a EUC file ending with .EUC.

2.	Open the EUC file (ending in .EUC).  When JWP asks you to confirm the file format, choose EUC.

3.	The file will be opened, and you'll see a lot of garbage text in the front of the file.  The file text will follow.  Delete all unnecessary information in the front as well as between paragraphs.

4.	Use the Save As command under the File menu to save the file in JWP Normal format, under a different name.

5.	Start fixing the text formatting.

If you still cannot recover the file using these steps, write to the people listed in the Technical Support section.  Good luck.


The JWP Normal File Format

File Header (128 bytes)

Each JWP Normal file contains a header in the first 128 bytes of the file.  The header structure is as follows:

Offset	Type	Size (bytes)	Description

0 (0x00)	32-bits integer	4	JWP Magin number (0x42022667 in hex)

4 (0x04)	character string	6	JWP version identifier ("B1" for 1.01, "B2" for 1.1, "J1.20" for 1.2)

10 (0x0A)	16-bits integer	2	Total number of paragraphs in the file

12 (0x0C)	floating point no.	4	Left margin of the file, in specified unit (see below)

16 (0x10)	floating point no.	4	Right margin of the file, in specified unit (see below)

20 (0x14)	floating point no.	4	Top margin of the file, in specified unit (see below)

24 (0x18)	floating point no.	4	Bottom margin of the file, in specified unit (see below)

28 (0x1C)	16-bits word	2	Option flags (1 = Yes, 0 = No)

Bit 1: Landscape mode?

Bit 2: Any file summary information?

Bit 3: Any headers/footers?

Bit 4: Separate Left and Right pages in headers/footers?

Bit 5: Don't print header/footer on the first page?

Bit 6: Vertical printing?

Bits 7 to 16: Reserved

30 (0x1E)	16-bits integer	2	Total number of undo steps saved

32 to 128 (0x1F to 0x7F)	97	Reserved

File Summaries - If Present

If the Summaries option flag in the file header (bit 2 of offset 28) is set, the file header will be followed by five (5) sets of data, each corresponding to a particular entry in the file summary sheet.  The byte streams have the form:

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji string in the Title (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if no title

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, Title text in kanji, two bytes for each character

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji string in the Subject (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if no title

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, Subject text in kanji, two bytes for each character

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji string in the Author (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if no title

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, Author text in kanji, two bytes for each character

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji string in the Keywords (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if no title

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, Keywords text in kanji, two bytes for each character

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji string in the Comments (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if no title

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, Comments text in kanji, two bytes for each character

File Headers/Footers - If Present

If the Headers/Footers option flag in the file header (bit 3 of offset 28) is set, the following bytes stream will be four (4) sets of records.  The second and forth sets of records only have meanings if the Separate Left and Right Pages option flag in the file header (bit 4 of offset 28) is set:

<Records for left page header (if the headers for left and right pages are different), or simply the header>

<Records for right page header (if the headers for left and right pages are different)>

<Records for left page footer (if the footers for left and right pages are different), or simply the footer>

<Records for right page footer (if the footers for left and right pages are different)>

Each set of records consist of three (3) records, in the form:

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji string in the header/footer (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if blank or meaningless

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, header/footer text in kanji, two bytes for each character

Undo Information - If Present

If the Undo Steps Saved field in the file header (offset 30) is greater than zero, the following bytes stream will contain all the undo information saved with the file:

<Undo header for the latest undo step>  <Optional information. . . >

<Undo header for the second latest undo step>  <Optional information. . . >

<Undo header for the third latest undo step>  <Optional information. . . >

:

:

<Undo header for the first undo step>  <Optional information. . . >

Each Undo header (26 bytes) is of the form:

 Offset	Type	Size (bytes)	Description

0 (0x00)	16-bits integer	2	Paragraph number where the beginning of the block is (first paragraph is zero)

2 (0x02)	16-bits integer	2	Position within the paragraph where the beginning of the block is (first character is zero)

4 (0x04)	16-bits integer	2	Paragraph number where the end of the block is (first paragraph is zero)

6 (0x06)	16-bits integer	2	Position within the paragraph where the end of the block is (first character is zero)

8 (0x08)	32-bits long word	4	Date/Time stamp of the change (in internal UNIX format)

12 (0x0C)	16-bits word	2	The action code:

0: Insert Text

1: Delete Text

2: Replace Text

3: Change Paragraph Format

14 to 25 (0x0E to 0x19)	12	Reserved

No optional data comes after the Undo header if the action code is Insert (0).  Otherwise, it is followed by a series of Paragraph headers (32 bytes) and text:

<Paragraph header for the first paragraph in the undo step>	32 bytes

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji text in the paragraph (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if blank

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, paragraph text in kanji, two bytes for each character

<Paragraph header for the second paragraph in the undo step>	32 bytes

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji text in the paragraph (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if blank

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, paragraph text in kanji, two bytes for each character

<Paragraph header for the third paragraph in the undo step>	32 bytes

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji text in the paragraph (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if blank

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, paragraph text in kanji, two bytes for each character

:

:

<Paragraph header for the last paragraph in the undo step>	32 bytes

<16-bit integer>	2 bytes	Length of kanji text in the paragraph (each kanji counts as one unit, though two bytes), zero if blank

<character strings>	2 bytes x length	If length is not zero, paragraph text in kanji, two bytes for each character

The number of Paragraph headers is not determined.  The last paragraph header will contain zero is its Next field (see structure of Paragraph header below):

Offset	Type	Size (bytes)	Description

0 (0x00)	8-bits byte	1	Number of character positions of left indent

1 (0x01)	8-bits byte	1	Number of character positions of right indent

2 (0x02)	8-bits byte	1	Number of character positions of first-line indent

3 (0x03)	8-bits byte	1	Option flags (1 = Yes, 0 = No)

Bit 1: Is this paragraph a hard page break?

Bits 2 to 8: Reserved

4 (0x04)	32-bits word	4	Reserved

8 (0x08)	16-bits integer	2	Line spacing multiplied by 100

10 to 23 (0x0A to 0x17)	14 bytes	Reserved

24 (0x18)	32-bits long integer	4	Next field, non-zero if there are more paragraphs following

28 (0x1C)	32-bits word	4	Reserved

File Data

All data following the above corresponds to the main text of the file, arranged in the following manner:

<Paragraph header for the first paragraph>

<Paragraph text in EUC format>

<Paragraph header for the second paragraph >

<Paragraph text in EUC format>

<Paragraph header for the third paragraph >

<Paragraph text in EUC format>

:

:

<Paragraph header for the last paragraph >

<Paragraph text in EUC format>

The structure of the Paragraph header (16 bytes) is as follows:

Offset	Type	Size (bytes)	Description

0 (0x00)	16-bits integer	2	Number of characters in this paragraph (each kanji character counts as one) plus one for the terminating <Line Feed> character

2 (0x02)	16-bits integer	2	Line spacing multiplied by 100

4 (0x04)	8-bits byte	1	Number of character positions of left indent

5 (0x05)	8-bits byte	1	Number of character positions of right indent

6 (0x06)	8-bits byte	1	Number of character positions of first-line indent

7 (0x07)	8-bits byte	1	Reserved

8 (0x08)	8-bits byte	1	Option flags (1 = Yes, 0 = No)

Bit 1: Is this paragraph a hard page break?

Bits 2 to 8: Reserved

9 to 15 (0x09 to 0x0F)	7	Reserved

Paragraph text follows each Paragraph header.  Text is terminated by a <Line Feed> character (0x0A).

At each position, if the first character has the high bit set (i.e. > 127), then it will be a kanji (two-bytes) and the next character makes up the second half of the kanji in JIS coding.

At each position, if the character has the high bit set (i.e. > 127), then it will be a kanji (two-bytes) and the next character makes up the second half of the kanji in JIS coding.

If the character does not have the high bit set (i.e. < 128), then it will be an ASCII character.

If the character is zero, then the next character will be the real character in ANSI ASCII coding.  Most likely, the next character will have its high bit set (i.e. > 127) to reference an accented Roman letter or a special symbol that is defined in the second 128 bytes of ANSI ASCII.


Goto Dialog Box

See Also: How to Jump to a Particular Page

Click any part of the dialog box to see a description of its function


This option, when selected, will allow jumping to any specified page number (from page one to the last page).


This option, when selected, will cause JWP to jump to the beginning of the first page of the file.


This option, when selected, will cause JWP to jump to the end of the last page of the file.


Pressing the Go button will jump to the page you indicated.


Automatic Repagenation Notes

Normally, JWP will "repagenate" (i.e. determine page breaks in the file to match your printer) only when it is told to do so (via the Repagenate command under the Format menu).

If you have a fast computer (such as a rip-roaring Pentium... you make me jealous), and you are editing only small files, you can instruct JWP to automatically repagenate whenever a change is made.  That way, the page breaks shown in the file will always be current.

To specify automatic repagenation, you must change the following lines in JWP's initialization file JWP.INI (located inside the Windows directory):

[Others]

Automatic Repagenation=Yes

32-Bits Version Only:

The following entry in the registration database must be changed instead (they are all string values):

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\Others\Automatic Repagenation


Default Open Format Notes

Normally, whenever the "File Open" dialog box is open, it will default to show only JWP Normal files (with the extension .jwp).  It is possible to change JWPs default so that the "File Open" dialog box shows a different file format when it is opened.

For example: To have JWP automatically show all file formats in the "Open" dialog box, change the following lines in JWP's initialization file JWP.INI (located inside the Windows directory):

[Others]

Default Open Format=Auto-Detect

The file formats are:

Auto-Detect	All file formats (*.*)

Normal	JWP Normal file format (*.jwp)

Template	JWP Template file (*.tpl)

EUC	"Extended UNIX Code" format (*.euc)

Shift JIS	Shift-JIS format (*.sjs)

New JIS	JIS format (*.jis)

Old JIS	Old style JIS format (*.old)

NEC JIS	NECs JIS format (*.nec)

32-Bits Version Only:

The following entry in the registration database must be changed instead (they are all string values):

HKEY_CURRENT_USER\Software\JWP\Others\Default Open Format


(CJK.INF) Table of Contents
Table of Contents

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

The full Table of Contents for the file CJK.INF:

Restrictions

Contact Information

What Happened To JAPAN.INF?

Disclaimer

Conventions

Introduction

Part 1: What's Up With UJIP?

Part 2: CJK Character Set Standards

2.1: Japanese

2.1.1: JIS X 0201-1976

2.1.2: JIS X 0208-1990

2.1.3: JIS X 0212-1990

2.1.4: JIS X 0221-1995

2.1.5: Obsolete Standards

2.2: Chinese (PRC)

2.2.1: GB 1988-89

2.2.2: GB 2312-80

2.2.3: GB 6345.1-86

2.2.4: GB 7589-87

2.2.5: GB 7590-87

2.2.6: GB 8565.2-88

2.2.7: GB/T 12345-90

2.2.8: GB/T 13131-94

2.2.9: GB/T 13132-94

2.2.10: GB 13000.1-95

2.2.11: Obsolete Standards

2.3: Chinese (Taiwan)

2.3.1: Big Five

2.3.2: CNS 11643-1992

2.3.3: CNS 5205

2.3.4: Obsolete Standards

2.4: Korean

2.4.1: KS C 5636

2.4.2: KS C 5601-1992

2.4.3: KS C 5657-1991

2.4.4: Obsolete Standards

2.5: CJK

2.5.1: ISO 10646-1:1993

Part 3: CJK Encoding Systems

3.1: 7-Bit ISO 2022 Encoding

3.1.1: Code Space

3.1.2: ISO-Registered Escape Sequences

3.2: EUC Encoding

3.2.1: Japanese Representation

3.2.2: Chinese (PRC) Representation

3.2.3: Chinese (Taiwan) Representation

3.2.4: Korean Representation

3.3: Locale-Specific Encodings

3.3.1: Shift-JIS

3.3.2: HZ

3.3.3: Zw

3.3.4: Big Five

3.3.5: Johab

3.3.6: UCS-2

3.3.7: UCS-4

3.3.8: Base64

3.3.9: UTF-7

3.3.10: UTF-8

3.3.11: UTF-16

Part 4: CJK Character Set Compatibility Issues

4.1: Japanese

4.2: Chinese (PRC)

4.3: Chinese (Taiwan)

4.3: Korean

4.4: ISO 10646-1:1993

4.5: Code Conversion Tips

Part 5: CJK-Capable Operating Systems

5.1: MS-DOS

5.2: Windows

5.3: Macintosh

5.4: UNIX And X Windows

5.5: Others

Part 6: CJK Text And Internet Services

6.1: Electronic Mail

6.2: Usenet News

6.3: Gopher

6.4: World-Wide Web

6.5: File Transfer Tips

Part 7: CJK Text Handling Software

7.1: Mule

7.2: Cnprint

7.3: Adobe Type Manager (ATM)

7.4: Macintosh Software

A Final Note

Acknowledgments

Appendix A: Information Sources

A.1: Usenet Newsgroups And Mailing Lists

A.1.1: Usenet Newsgroups

A.1.2: Mailing Lists

A.2: Internet Resources

A.2.1: Useful FTP Sites

A.2.2: Useful Telnet Sites

A.2.3: Useful Gopher Sites

A.2.4: Useful WWW Sites

A.2.5: Useful Mail Servers

A.3: Other Resources

A.3.1: Books

A.3.2: Magazines

A.3.3: Journals

A.3.4: RFCs

A.3.5: FAQs


(CJK.INF) Copyright Notice
CJK.INF Version 1.1 (June 12, 1995)

Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

Online Companion to "Understanding Japanese Information Processing"

- ENGLISH: 1993, O'Reilly & Associates, Inc., ISBN 1-56592-043-0

- JAPANESE: 1995, SOFTBANK Corporation, ISBN 4-89052-708-7

This online document provides information on CJK (that is, Chinese, Japanese, and Korean) character set standards and encoding systems. In short, it provides detailed information on how CJK text is handled electronically. I am happy to share this information with others, and I would appreciate any comments/feedback on its content. The current version (master copy) of this document is maintained at:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/doc/cjk.inf

This file may also be obtained by contacting me directly using one of the e-mail addresses listed in the CONTACT INFORMATION section.

RESTRICTIONS

This document is provided free-of-charge to anyone, but no person or company is permitted to modify, sell, or otherwise distribute it for profit or other purposes. This document may be bundled with commercial products only with the prior consent from the author, and provided that it is not modified in any way whatsoever. The point here is that I worked long and hard on this document so that lots of fine folks can benefit from its contents -- not profit from it.

DISCLAIMER

Ah yes, the ever popular disclaimer! Here's mine. Although I list my address here at Adobe Systems Incorporated for contact purposes, Adobe Systems does not endorse this document which I have created, and have continued (and will continue) to update on a regular basis (uh, yeah, I promise this time!). This document is a personal endeavor to inform people of how CJK text can be handled on a variety of platforms.


(CJK.INF) Contact Information
Contact Information

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

I would enjoy hearing from readers of this document, even if it is just to say "hello" or whatever. I can be contacted as follows:

Ken Lunde

Adobe Systems Incorporated

1585 Charleston Road

P.O. Box 7900

Mountain View, CA 94039-7900 USA

415-962-3866 (office phone)

415-960-0886 (facsimile)

lunde@mv.us.adobe.com (preferred)

lunde@ora.com or ujip@ora.com

WWW Home Page: http://jasper.ora.com/lunde/


(CJK.INF) Conventions
Conventions

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

The notation that is used for detailing Internet resource information, such as the Internet protocol type, site name, path, and file follows the URL (Uniform Resource Locator) notation, namely:

protocol://site-name/path/file

An example is as follows:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/00README

The protocol is FTP, the site-name is ftp.ora.com, the path is pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/, and the file is 00README. Also note that this same notation is used for invoking FTP on WWW (World Wide Web) browsing software, such as Mosaic, Netscape, or Lynx.

Note that most references to HTTP documents use the four-letter file extension ".html". However, some HTTP documents are on file systems that support only three-letter file extensions (can you say "MS-DOS"?), so you may encounter just ".htm". This is just to let you know that what you see is not a typo.

References to my book "Understanding Japanese Information Processing" are (affectionately) abbreviated as "UJIP".

Hexadecimal values are prefixed with "0x" and every two hexadecimal digits represent a one-byte value. Other values can be assumed to be in decimal notation.

Chinese characters are referred to as kanji (Japanese), hanzi (Chinese), or hanja (Korean), depending on context.

References to ISO 10646-1:1993 also refer to Unicode (usually). I have done this so that I do not have to repeat "Unicode" in the same context as ISO 10646-1:1993.


(CJK.INF) Introduction
Introduction

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

Electronic mail (e-mail), just one of the many Internet resources, has become a very efficient means of communicating both locally and world-wide. While it is very simple to send text which uses only the 94 printable ASCII characters, character sets which contains more than these ASCII characters pose special problems.

This document is primarily concerned with CJK character set and encoding issues. Much of this sort of information is not easily obtained. This represents one person's attempt at making such information more widely available.


(CJK.INF) What's Up with UJIP?
What's Up with UJIP?

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

UJIP (First Edition) was published in September 1993. The second printing (not second edition) was subsequently published in March 1994.

The following files contain the latest information about changes (additions and corrections) made to UJIP for various printings, both for those that have taken place (such as for the second printing) and for those that are planned (the first digit is the edition, and the second is the printing):

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/errata/ujip-errata-1-2.*

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/errata/ujip-errata-1-3.*

The asterisk is used for the file extension that indicates the Japanese code used (JIS, EUC, or Shift-JIS) -- pick the one that is best suited for your display or printing environment. I highly recommend that all readers of UJIP obtain these errata files. Those without FTP access can request copies directly from me.

The Japanese translation of UJIP (UJIP-J), to be published by SOFTBANK Corporation, is about to be released. Stay tuned for details.


(CJK.INF) Japanese Standards
Japanese Standards

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

2.1: JAPANESE

All (national) character set standards that originate in Japan have names that begin with "JIS." "JIS" is short for "Japanese Industrial Standard." But it is JSA (Japanese Standards Association) who publishes the corresponding manuals. Chapter 3 and Appendixes H and J of UJIP provide more detailed information on Japanese character set standards.

2.1.1: JIS X 0201-1976

JIS X 0201-1976 (reaffirmed in 1989) enumerates two sets of characters: JIS-Roman and half-width katakana.

JIS-Roman is the Japanese equivalent of the ASCII character set, namely 128 characters consisting of the following:

10 numerals

52 uppercase and lowercase characters of the English alphabet

32 symbols (punctuation and so on)

34 non-printing characters (white space and control characters)

The term "white space" refers to characters that occupy space, but have no appearance, such as tabs, spaces, and termination characters (line feed, carriage return, and form feed).

So, how are JIS-Roman and ASCII different? The following three codes are (usually) different:

Code	ASCII	JIS-Roman

0x5C	backslash	yen symbol

0x7C	broken bar	bar

0x7E	tilde	overbar

Half-width katakana consists of 63 characters that provide a minimal set of characters necessary for expressing Japanese. The shapes are compressed, and visually occupy a space half that of normal Japanese characters.

2.1.2: JIS X 0208-1990

This basic Japanese character set standard enumerates 6,879 characters, 6,355 of which are kanji separated into two levels. Kanji in the first level are arranged by (most frequent) reading, and those in the second level are arranged by radical then total number of (remaining) strokes.

Row 1: 94 symbols

Row 2: 53 symbols

Row 3: 10 numerals and 52 uppercase and lowercase English alphabet

Row 4: 83 hiragana

Row 5: 86 katakana

Row 6: 48 uppercase and lowercase Greek alphabet

Row 7: 66 uppercase and lowercase Cyrillic (Russian) alphabet

Row 8: 32 line-drawing elements

Rows 16 through 47: 2,965 kanji (JIS Level 1 Kanji; last is 47-51)

Rows 48 through 84: 3,390 kanji (JIS Level 2 Kanji; last is 84-06)

Appendix B of UJIP provides a complete illustration of the JIS X 0208-1990 character set standard. Earlier versions of this standard were dated 1978 (JIS C 6226-1978) and 1983 (JIS X 0208-1983).

2.1.3: JIS X 0212-1990

This supplemental Japanese character set standard enumerates 6,067 characters, 5,801 of which are kanji ordered by radical then total number of (remaining) strokes. All 5,801 kanji are unique when compared to those in JIS X 0208-1990 (see Section 2.1.2). The remaining 266 characters are categoried as non-kanji.

Row 2: 21 diacritics and symbols

Row 6: 21 Greek characters with diacritics

Row 7: 26 Eastern European characters

Rows 9 through 11: 198 alphabetic characters

Rows 16 through 77: 5,801 kanji (last is 77-67)

Appendix C of UJIP provides a complete illustration of the JIS X 0212-1990 character set standard.

2.1.4: JIS X 0221-1995

This document is, for all practical purposes, the Japanese translation of ISO 10646-1:1993 (see Section 2.5.2). As of this writing, I am still waiting to get a copy.

2.1.5: OBSOLETE STANDARDS

JIS C 6226-1978 and JIS X 0208-1983 (formerly JIS C 6226-1983) have been superceded by JIS X 0208-1990. Section 4.1 provides details on the changes made between these earlier versions of JIS X 0208.


(CJK.INF) CJK Standards
CJK Standards

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

The only true CJK character set available today is ISO 10646-1:1993. Not only does it contain the major CJK character sets as a subset, it handles virtually all alphabetic scripts.

2.5.1: ISO 10646-1:1993

Published by ISO (International Organization for Standardization) in Switzerland, this character set enumerates over 34,000 characters. Its I-zone ("I" stands for "Ideograph") enumerates approximately 21,000 Chinese characters, which is the result of a massive effort by the CJK-JRG (CJK Joint Research Group) called "Han Unification." The CJK-JRG is now called the IRG (Ideographic Rapporteur Group), and is off doing additional research for future Chinese character allocations to ISO 10646-1:1993.

The Basic Multilingual Plane (BMP) of ISO 10646-1:1993 is equivalent to Unicode. While Unicode is comprised of a single plane of characters (which doesn't allow much room for future expansion), ISO 10646-1:1993 contains hundreds of such planes.

One very nice feature of this standard's manual are the CJK code correspondence tables in Section 26 (pp 262-698). Four columns are provided for each ISO 10646-1:1993 I-zone code point -- simplified Chinese, traditional Chinese, Japanese, and Korean. If the ISO 10646-1:1993 Chinese character maps to one of these locales, the hexadecimal character code, (decimal) row-cell value, and glyph for that locale is provided. The corresponding tables in Volume 2 of "The Unicode Standard" provide character codes (sometimes the hexadecimal character code, and sometimes the row-cell value) and a single glyph. Quite unfortunate. I hear that a new edition of "The Unicode Standard" is about to be released. I hope that this problem has been addressed.

ISO 10646-1:1993 does not replace existing national character set standards. It simply provides a single character set that is a superset of most national character sets. For example, only a fraction of the 48,027 hanzi in CNS 11643-1992 are included in ISO 10646-1:1993. I feel that it is best to think of ISO 10646-1:1993 as "just another character set." My philosophy is to support the maximum number of character sets and encodings as possible.

A note about ordering this standard. If you order through ANSI in the United States, try to get an original manual. It is not easy, though. You see, ANSI has duplication rights for ISO documents. Photocopying Section 26 (pp 262-698) doesn't do the Chinese characters much justice, and some characters become hard-to-read. Unfortunately, there is no way to indicate that you want an original ISO document through ANSI's ordering process, so some post-ordering haggling may become necessary.

More information on ISO 10646-1:1993 can be found at the following URL:

http://www.unicode.org/


(CJK.INF) CJK Encoding Systems
CJK Encoding Systems

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

These sections describe the various systems for encoding the character set standards listed in Part 2. The first two described, ISO 2022 and EUC, are not specific to a locale, and in some cases not specific to CJK.

But first, please take a peek at the following table, which is an attempt to illustrate how two Chinese characters (that stand for "kanji/hanzi/hanja") are encoded using the various methods presented in the following sections (character codes as hexadecimal digits, and escape sequences or shift sequences as printable characters):

Japanese (JIS X 0208-1990 & JIS X 0201-1976):

  - 7-bit ISO 2022	<Esc> &@ <Esc> $B 0x3441 0x3B7A <Esc> (J

  - EUC	0xB4C1 0xBBFA

  - Shift-JIS	0x8ABF 0x8E9A

Simplified Chinese (GB 2312-80 & GB 1988-89):

  - 7-bit ISO 2022	<Esc> $A 0x3A3A 0x5756 <Esc> (T

  - EUC	0xBABA 0xD7D6

  - HZ	~{ 0x3A3A 0x5756 ~}

  - zW	zW 0x3A3A 0x5756

Traditional Chinese (CNS 11643-1992 & Big Five):

  - 7-bit ISO 2022	<Esc> $(G 0x6947 0x4773 <Esc> (B

  - EUC	0xE9C7 0xC7F3 or 0x8EA1E9C7 0x8EA1C7F3

  - Big Five	0xBA7E 0xA672

Korean (KS C 5601-1992):

  - 7-bit ISO 2022	0x7953 0x6D2E

  - EUC	0xF9D3 0xEDAE

  - Johab	0xF7D3 0xF1AE

CJK (ISO 10646-1:1993):

  - UCS-2	0x6F22 0x5B57

  - UCS-4	0x00006F22 0x00005B57

The above should have given you a taste of what information the following sections provide.


(CJK.INF) 7-Bit ISO 2022 Encoding
7-Bit ISO 2022 Encoding

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

7-bit ISO 2022 is the name commonly given to the encoding system that uses escape sequences to shift between character sets. (ISO 2022 encoded Japanese text is also known as "JIS" encoding, but is different from ISO 2022-JP, and will be explained below.) An escape sequence, as the name implies, consists of an escape character followed by a sequence of one or more characters. These escape sequences are used to change character set of the text stream. This may also mean a shift from one- to two-byte-per-character mode (or vice versa).

7-bit ISO 2022 Character sets fall into two types: one-byte and two-byte. CJK character sets, for obvious reasons, fall into the latter group.

One advantage that 7-bit ISO 2022 encoding has over other encoding systems is that its escape sequences specify the character set, thus specify the locale. 7-bit ISO 2022 encoding also encodes text using only seven-bit bytes, which has the benefit of being able to survive Internet travel (e-mail).

CODE SPACE

Each byte in the representation of graphic (printable) characters fall into the range 0x21 (decimal 33) through 0x7E (decimal 126). For one-byte character sets, this means a maximum of 94 characters. For two-byte character sets, this means a maximum of 8,836 characters (94 multiplied by 94 equals 8,836).

One-byte: 0x21-0x7E

Two-byte: 0x2121-0x7E7E

White space and control characters (of which the "escape" character is one) are still found in 0x00-0x20 and 0x7F.

ISO-REGISTERED ESCAPE SEQUENCES

The following is a table that provides the ISO-registered escape sequences for various one- and two-byte character sets mentioned in Part 2 of this document:

One-byte Character Set	Escape Sequence Hexadecimal

ASCII (ANSI X3.4-1986)	<Esc> (B 0x1B2842

Half-width katakana	<Esc> (I 0x1B2849

JIS X 0201-1976 Roman	<Esc> (J 0x1B284A

GB 1988-89 Roman	<Esc> (T 0x1B2854

Two-byte Character Set	Escape Sequence Hexadecimal

JIS C 6226-1978	<Esc> $@ 0x1B2440

 GB 2312-80	<Esc> $A 0x1B2441

 JIS X 0208-1983	<Esc> $B 0x1B2442

 JIS X 0208-1990	<Esc> &@ <Esc> $B 0x1B26401B2442

 KS C 5601-1992	<Esc> $(C 0x1B242843

 JIS X 0212-1990	<Esc> $(D 0x1B242844

 GB 8565.2-88	<Esc> $(E 0x1B242845

 CNS 11643-1992 Plane 1	<Esc> $(G 0x1B242847

 CNS 11643-1992 Plane 2	<Esc> $(H 0x1B242848

 CNS 11643-1992 Plane 3	<Esc> $(I 0x1B242849

 CNS 11643-1992 Plane 4	<Esc> $(J 0x1B24284A

 CNS 11643-1992 Plane 5	<Esc> $(K 0x1B24284B

 CNS 11643-1992 Plane 6	<Esc> $(L 0x1B24284C

 CNS 11643-1992 Plane 7	<Esc> $(M 0x1B24284D

Note that not all of the CJK character set standards described in Part 2 have ISO-registered escape sequences. Also note that the first three escape sequences in the two-byte table have a different form, and don't follow the 7-bit ISO 2022 rules precisely. They are retained for backwards compatibility.

So, what's the difference between JIS and ISO 2022-JP encoding? ISO 2022-JP, described in RFC 1468, is specifically designed to handle the mixture of JIS X 0208-1990 (or its earlier versions) and ASCII/JIS-Roman. What is usually termed "JIS encoding" is a superset, and supports the JIS X 0212-1990 character set.

There are other encoding methods that are similar to 7-bit ISO 2022 in that they are suitable for Internet use, but are locale-specific. These include HZ and zW encoding, both of which are specific to GB 2312-80 (see Sections 3.3.2 and 3.3.3).


(CJK.INF) EUC Encoding
EUC Encoding

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

EUC stands for "Extended UNIX Code," and is a rich encoding system designed to handle large or multiple character sets. It is primarily used on UNIX systems, such as Sun's Solaris.

EUC consists of four codes sets, numbered 0 through 3. The only code set that is more or less fixed by definition is code set 0, which is specified to contain ASCII or a locale's equivalent (such as JIS X 0201-1976 for Japanese or GB 1988-89 for PRC Chinese).

It is quite common to append the locale name to "EUC" when designating a specific instance of EUC encoding. Common designations include EUC-JP, EUC-GB, EUC-KR, and EUC-TW.

JAPANESE REPRESENTATION

The following table illustrates the Japanese representation of EUC packed format:

EUC Code Sets	Encoding Range

Code set 0 (ASCII of JIS X 0201-1976 Roman):	0x21-0x7E

Code set 1 (JIS X 0208):	0xA1A1-0xFEFE

Code set 2 (half-width katakana):	0x8EA1-0x8EDF

Code set 3 (JIS X 0212-1990):	0x8FA1A1-0x8FFEFE

An earlier version of EUC for Japanese used code set 3 as the user-defined range.


(CJK.INF) Shift-JIS Encoding
Shift-JIS Encoding

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

Shift-JIS (also known as MS Kanji or SJIS) is the encoding system used on machines that support MS-DOS or Windows, and also for Macintosh (KanjiTalk or Japanese Language Kit).

Two-byte standard characters	Encoding Ranges

first byte ranges	0x81-0x9F, 0xE0-0xEF

second byte ranges	0x40-0x7E, 0x80-0xFC

Two-byte user-defined characters	Encoding Ranges

first byte range	0xF0-0xFC

second byte ranges	0x40-0x7E, 0x80-0xFC

One-byte characters	Encoding Ranges

Half-width katakana	0xA1-0xDF

ASCII/JIS-Roman	0x21-0x7E

It is important to note that the user-defined range does not correspond to code points in other encodings that support Japanese, such as ISO 2022-JP or EUC. This is a portability problem.

The encoding used on Macintosh is quite similar to the above table, but has additional one-byte code points, namely 0x80 (backslash), 0xFD ("copyright" symbol: ©), 0xFE ("trademark" symbol: ™), and 0xFF ("ellipsis" symbol: …).


(CJK.INF) UCS-2 and UCS-4 Encodings
UCS-2 and UCS-4 Encodings

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

UCS-2

UCS-2 (Universal Character Set containing 2 bytes) encoding is one way to encode ISO 10646-1:1993 text, and is considered identical to Unicode encoding. Its encoding range, which is quite simple, is as follows:

ISO 10646-1:1993	Characters Encoding Ranges

first byte range	0x00-0xFF

second byte range	0x00-0xFF

Yes, folks, the whole range of 65,536 possible code points are available for encoding characters. The "signature" that indicates a file using UCS-2 is 0xFEFF.

UCS-4

UCS-4 (Universal Character Set containing 4 bytes) encoding is another way to encode ISO 10646-1:1993 text, and is used for future expansion of the character set. Its encoding range is as follows:

ISO 10646-1:1993	haracters Encoding Ranges

first byte range	0x00-0x7F

second byte range	0x00-0xFF

third byte range	0x00-0xFF

fourth byte range	0x00-0xFF

Note that the first byte range only goes up to 0x7F. This means that UCS-4 is a 31-bit encoding. And, in case you're wondering, 31 bits provide 2,147,483,648 code points. The "signature" that indicates a file using UCS-4 is 0x0000 0xFEFF.


(CJK.INF) UTF Encodings
UTF Encodings

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

UTF-7

It turns out that raw ISO 10646-1:1993 encoding (that is, UCS-2 or UCS-4) can cause problems because null bytes (0x00) are possible (and frequent). Several UTFs (UCS Transformation Formats) have been developed to deal with this and other problems. I must admit that I don't know too much about UTFs, and what I provide below is minimal, but does include pointers to more complete descriptions.

UTF-7 is important because it is the UTF that makes ISO 10646-1:1993 text suitable for e-mail transmission ("Mail-Safe"). UTF-7 is compatible with UTF-16 (see Section 3.3.11) because it simply encodes 16-bit blocks. More detailed information on UTF-7 can be found in RFC 1642, and a UTF-7 converter is at the following URL:

ftp://unicode.org/pub/Programs/ConvertUTF/

UTF-8

UTF-8 (also known as UTF-2 or FSS-UTF -- FSS stands for "file system safe") can represent any character in UCS-4 or UTF-16, and is officially an annex to ISO 10646-1:1993. It is different from UTF-7 in that it encodes character sets into 8-bit bytes. UCS-2 has problems with some file systems and utilities, so this UTF was developed.

More detailed information on UTF-8 and its relationship with ISO 10646-1:1993 can be found in the form of program source code at the following URL:

ftp://unicode.org/pub/Programs/ConvertUTF/

X/Open Company Limited also published a document that describes UTF-8 in detail (they call it FSS-UTF), and you can find information about it at the following URL:

http://www.xopen.co.uk/public/pubs/catalog/c501.htm

UTF-16

UTF-16, like UTF-8, is now officially an annex to ISO 10646-1: 1993. From what I've read, UTF-16 transforms UCS-4 into a 16-bit form. UTF-16 can then be further encoded in UTF-7 or UTF-8.

More detailed information on UTF-16 and its relationship with ISO 10646-1:1993 can be found in the form of program source code at the following URL:

ftp://unicode.org/pub/Programs/ConvertUTF/


(CJK.INF) Compatibility Issues
Compatibility Issues

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

The sections below provide detailed information about compatibility issues between CJK character sets, to include tidbits of useful information.

JAPANESE

In general, when a Japanese character set was revised, characters were simply added (usually appended at the end). However, when JIS C 6226-1978 was revised in 1983 (to become JIS X 0208-1983), a bit more happened (this is still a controversy).

A detailed treatment of the two main transitions, JIS78 to JIS83 and JIS83 to JIS90, is covered in Appendix J of UJIP. I provide machine-readable files that detail these transitions at the following URL:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/AppJ/

There are also an interesting correspondences between JIS X 0208-1990 and JIS X 0212-1990. 28 kanji that vanished during the JIS78 to JIS83 transition (they were replaced by simplified versions) were restored in JIS X 0212-1990 (at totally different code points). Appendix J of UJIP discusses this, and a file at the following URL details the 28 mappings:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/AppJ/TJ2.jis


(CJK.INF) Code Conversion Tips
Code Conversion Tips

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

There are two types of conversions that can be performed. The first type is converting between different encodings for the same character set. This is usually without problems (but not always). The second type is converting from one character set to another (it is not usually relevant whether the underlying encoding has changed or not). This usually involves the handling of characters that are in one character set, but not the other. So, what to do?

I suggest JConv for handling Japanese code conversion (this means converting between JIS, Shift-JIS, and EUC encodings). This is in the category of different encodings for the same character set. The following URLs provide executables or source code:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/mac/jconv-30.hqx

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/mac/jconv-dd-181.hqx

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/dos/jconv.exe

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/src/jconv.c

There are other programs available that do the same basic thing as JConv, such as kc and nkf. They are available at the following URL:

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/unix/

For software that handles Chinese code conversion (this includes conversion to and from Japanese), I suggest browsing at the following URLs:

ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/dos/convert/

ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/mac/convert/

ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/ms-win/convert/

ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/unix/convert/

ftp://ftp.ifcss.org/pub/software/vms/convert/

ftp://ftp.ora.com/pub/examples/nutshell/ujip/map/

The latter URL mirrors some material made available from Koichi Yasuoka (yasuoka@kudpc.kyoto-u.ac.jp).

The following URL provides several programs for converting between various Korean encodings:

ftp://cair-archive.kaist.ac.kr/pub/hangul/


(CJK.INF) Text and Internet Services
Text and Internet Services

CJK.INF Copyright © 1995 Ken Lunde. All Rights Reserved.

All excerpts here reproduced with permission from the author.

Part 5 described how CJK text is handled on a machine internally, but this part goes into the implications of handling such text externally, namely for information interchange purposes. This boils down to handling CJK text on Internet services.

For more detailed information on how these and other Internet services are used, I suggest "The Whole Internet User's Guide & Catalog" by Ed Krol. For more information on setting up and

maintaining these and other Internet services, I suggest "Managing Internet Information Services" by Cricket Liu et al.

ELECTRONIC MAIL

The most basic Internet service is electronic mail (henceforth to be called "e-mail"), which is virtually guaranteed to be available to all users regardless of their system.

Several Internet standards (called RFCs, short for Request For Comments) have been developed to describe how CJK text is to be handled over e-mail systems (see Section A.3.4).

The bottom-line is that most e-mail systems do not support 8-bit characters (that is, bytes that have their 8th bit set). Some do offer 8-bit support, but you can never know what path your e-mail might take while on route to its receipient. This means that 7-bit ISO 2022 (or equivalent) is the ideal encoding to use when sending CJK text through e-mail. If your operating system processes another encoding system, you must convert from that encoding to one that is compatible with 7-bit ISO 2022.

A last-ditch effort to send CJK text through e-mail is to use uuencode. The recipient must then run uudecode to get the original file (if available).

USENET NEWS

Usenet News follows many of the same requirements as e-mail, namely that 7-bit ISO 2022 encoding is ideal. However, some newsgroups use specific encoding methods, such as:

alt.chinese.text	(HZ encoding used for Chinese text)

alt.chinese.text.big5	(Big Five encoding used for Chinese text)

One common problem with Usenet News is that the escape characters used in 7-bit ISO 2022 encoding are sometimes stripped, usually by the software used to post the article. This can be quite annoying. There are programs available, such as JConv, that repair such files by restoring the escape characters.

Another common problem are news readers that do not allow escape characters to function. One simple solution is to "pipe" the article through a display command, such as "more," "page," "less," or "cat." This is done by typing a "pipe" character (|) followed by the command name anywhere within the article being displayed.

GOPHER

The World-Wide Web (WWW) has almost eliminated the need for using Gopher, so I won't discuss it here. Not that I don't appreciate Gopher servers, but what I mean is that WWW browsing software permits access to Gopher sites.

WORLD-WIDE WEB

First, there are two types of WWW browsers available. The most common type is the graphics-based browser (examples include Mosaic and Netscape). Graphics-based browsers have the unfortunate requirement of a TCP/IP (SLIP and PPP support these protocols) connection. Lynx and the W3 client for Emacs, which are text-based browsers, can be run from the host computer through a standard terminal connection. They don't display all the pretty pictures that folks put into their WWW documents, but you get all the text (this is, in many ways, a blessing in disguise -- transferring graphics is what slows down graphics-based browsers the most). When the W3 client is run using Mule, it becomes a fully CJK-capable WWW browser. Both Lynx and the W3 client for Emacs are freely available.

When WWW documents first came online, there was no method for handling CJK character sets. This has, fortunately, changed. As of this writing, two commercial WWW browsers support Japanese. They are Infomosaic by Fujitsu Limited, and Netscape Navigator by Netscape Communications Corporation (Version 1.1 added Japanese support). Both are graphics-based browsers. The former can be ordered at the following URL:

http://www.fujitsu.co.jp/

The latter can be found at the following URLs:

http://www.netscape.com/

ftp://ftp.netscape.com/

One can also use a delegate server to filter Japanese codes to the one supported by your browser. It is also possible to "Japanize" existing WWW browsers using assorted tools and patches. Katsuhiko Momoi (momoi@tigger.stcloud.msus.edu) has authored an excellent guide to Japanizing WWW browsers. Its URL is:

http://condor.stcloud.msus.edu:20020/netscape.html

I highly suggest reading it.

Japanese-capable WWW browsers support automatic detection of the three Japanese encoding methods (JIS, Shift-JIS, and EUC). Hey, but, what about support for the "C" and "K" of CJK? Attempting to answer this question provides us an answer to another question: "What is the best encoding method to use for CJK WWW documents?"

Encoding methods such as EUC and Shift-JIS provide for mixing only two character sets. This is because they provide no way to flag text for locale (character set) information. Without flagging information, it is impossible to distinguish Japanese EUC from Chinese or Korean EUC. However, the escape sequences used in 7-bit ISO 2022 encoding explicitly provide locale information. 7-bit ISO 2022 is ideal for static documents, which is exactly what one finds on WWW.

My recommendation is to compose WWW documents (also called HTML documents; HTML stands for Hyper Text Markup Language) using 7-bit ISO 2022 encoding.

FILE TRANSFER TIPS

Although CJK encoding systems such as Shift-JIS and EUC make extensive use of 8-bit bytes, that does not mean that you need to treat the data as binary. Such files are simply to be treated as text, and should be transferred in text mode (for example, FTP's ASCII mode, which is also called "Type A Transfer").

When text files are transferred in binary mode (such as FTP's BINARY mode, which is also called Type I Transfer"), line termination characters are left unaltered. For example, when transferring a text file from UNIX to Macintosh, a text transfer will translate the UNIX newline (0x0A) characters to Macintosh carriage return (0x0D) characters, but a binary transfer will make no such modifications. Text-style conversion is typically desired.

The most common types of files that need to be handled as binary include tar archives (*.tar), compressed files (*.Z, *.gz, *.zip, *.zoo, *.lzh, and so on), and executables (*.exe, *.bin, and so on).