Copyright: ® Henter-Joyce, Inc, 1995


Main
JAWS FOR WINDOWS

To read a JAWS software manual, choose Use Manuals or choose a push button on the tool bar.

For a listing of Henter-Joyce telephone numbers and our mailing address, choose Contact HJ.

For information about the Henter-Joyce, Inc., software license agreement, choose the JAWS Program icon.

TIP FOR NEW HELP USERS!  Use your TAB key to rotate through the list of topics shown on this page.  Press ENTER to choose the selected topic.  Choose Help Tips for additional information about moving around in help.


MANUALS

To use one of these manuals, press TAB to select its name, then press ENTER.

JAWS BASICS

This manual contains the basic set of information that every JAWS user should know about JAWS.

Technical Reference

This manual contains detailed information about JAWS program files and the JAWS macro programming language.

Windows Reference

This manual contains an introduction to the Windows environment which is designed for new Windows users, and contains reference chapters related to setting up the DOS version of JAWS for use in a DOS window.

Setup Guide

This document explains how to set up JAWS, register your software, and move JAWS authorization keys.


HENTER-JOYCE LICENSE AND COPYRIGHT

JAWS FOR WINDOWS

Copyright © 1993-1995 by Henter-Joyce, Inc.

To read legal notices regarding Henter-Joyce, Inc., software, manuals, and on-line documentation, choose Copyright Notices.

To read the Henter-Joyce, Inc., software license agreement which applies to all users of JAWS for Windows, choose License Agreement.

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HOW TO CONTACT HENTER-JOYCE

Henter-Joyce, Inc.

2100 62nd Ave. N.

St. Petersburg, FL  33702

Phone (800) 336-5658 or (813) 528-8900

FAX (813) 528-8901

BBS (813) 528-8903


COPYRIGHT NOTICES

JAWS FOR WINDOWS

Copyright © 1993-1995 by Henter-Joyce, Inc.

Portions Copyright 1985-1995 by Microsoft Corporation.

Portions Copyright 1994-1995 by VisuAide.

Portions Copyright 1992-1995 by Arkenstone, Inc.

JAWS for Windows was Written by:

Charles Oppermann, Glen Gordon, and J. David Boyd.

On-line Documentation Written by John P. Thomas

LEGAL NOTICES

No part of this publication may be reproduced, displayed on a computer system, transmitted, transcribed, stored in a retrieval system, or translated into any language or computer language, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, magnetic, optical, chemical, manual, or otherwise, unless prior written consent has been obtained from Henter-Joyce, Inc., or such reproduction is done in accordance with the terms of the Henter-Joyce, Inc. License Agreement.  Unauthorized reproduction or disassembly of embodied software programs or databases is also prohibited.

Any product names that appear in this manual are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective owners.

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LICENSE AGREEMENT

HENTER-JOYCE, INC.

SOFTWARE LICENSE AGREEMENT:

JAWS FOR WINDOWS

1.	ACCEPTANCE OF THE LICENSE AGREEMENT

The terms and conditions of the Henter-Joyce, Inc., Software License Agreement explain the legal relationship between Henter-Joyce, Inc., and the individual and institutional purchasers of Henter-Joyce software.  Henter-Joyce software diskettes are delivered to purchasers in a sealed package, and all terms and conditions of this license agreement are considered to be immediately accepted when this sealed package is opened.  By opening the package of diskettes, you acknowledge that you have read this agreement, that you understand it, and that you agree to be bound by all of its terms and conditions.  You further agree that this agreement is the complete and exclusive statement of the agreement between you and Henter-Joyce, Inc., and that this agreement supersedes any prior communications, understandings, representations, proposals, or agreements, (whether oral or written) that may exist between you and Henter-Joyce, Inc.

If you choose to not accept the terms of this license agreement, then you must promptly return the following items to Henter-Joyce, Inc.:  the unopened package containing the diskettes, all materials that may have been included with the Henter-Joyce software, and the receipt you received when you purchased the software.  The money you paid for the software, minus shipping/handling fees, will be refunded to you, if you meet the above three conditions.

2.	GENERAL

a.	Henter-Joyce, Inc., (HJ) provides you with the software program recorded on the diskette(s) in the package accompanying this agreement (the program) and licenses you to use this program.  The license granted to you is nonexclusive and does not grant ownership rights.  As a licensed user (Licensee), you should understand that you do not own the program and the instructional materials that accompany the program; you are only licensed to use the program and instructional materials in accordance with the terms stated in this agreement.

b.	When you open the sealed package of diskette(s) and become a licensed user, you assume sole responsibility for determining the appropriateness of the program for achieving your intended results.  You further assume sole responsibility for the installation, use, and results obtained from the program, and you assume complete responsibility for the selection, installation, use, and placement of hardware with which you use the program.

3.	COPYING THE PROGRAM

The Licensee may not copy or transfer the program, or allow the program to be copied or transferred, in part or in whole, except as specifically indicated within this agreement.  In the event the Licensee copies or transfers the program to another person in any form, except as is specifically authorized, then the Licensee's license to use the program shall be automatically terminated.

a.	The Licensee may install and use the program on one or two machines, but only the Licensee may use the program.

b.	In the case of a Licensee who has purchased a Site License, the Licensee may install the program on up to 10 machines and may allow simultaneous use of the program on these machines.

c.	The Licensee may copy the program for backup purposes to preserve the program, and these copies and the original program may be stored in the possession of another person, so long as the storage does not result in the program being used in violation of the terms set forth above in this section.  Whenever the program or instructional materials are reproduced, then the copyright notice must also be reproduced and displayed in its original form.

4.	TERM

a.	The license being granted shall be effective until terminated.

b.	The Licensee may terminate the license at any time by destroying all copies of the program and all copies of related instructions, regardless of the form.

c.	Additionally, this license is immediately terminated in the event the Licensee fails to comply with any term or condition of this agreement, whether or not HJ has knowledge of the failure to comply.  The Licensee agrees, as a term of this agreement, to destroy all copies of the program together with all related instructions, regardless of form, at such time this agreement is terminated, whether or not the Licensee is instructed to do so by HJ.

5.	LIMITED WARRANTY

a.	The program provided to the Licensee is being provided "as is" without warranty of any kind, either expressed or implied, including, but not limited to the implied warranties of merchantability and fitness for a particular purpose.  The entire risk as to the quality and performance of the program is with the Licensee.

b.	HJ does not warrant that the functions contained in the program will meet the Licensee's requirements or that the operation of the program will be uninterrupted or error free.  However, HJ warrants the diskette(s) on which the program is furnished, to be free from defects in materials and workmanship, when in normal use, for a period of ninety (90) days from the date of delivery as evidenced by a copy of your receipt.  The limited warranty will be honored by HJ provided that the diskette(s) is properly stored in an area free of magnets and/or magnetic fields and provided that defects in the materials and workmanship of the diskette(s) do not result from an act of God or other cause beyond the control of HJ or the diskette(s) manufacturer.

6.	LIMITATION OF REMEDIES

HJ's entire liability and the Licensee's exclusive remedy shall be the replacement of any diskette(s) not meeting HJ's limited warranty.  In no event will HJ be liable to the Licensee for any damages, including any lost profits, loss of savings or any other incidental or consequential damages as may arise out of the use or inability to use the program, even if HJ personnel or agents have been advised of the possibility of such damages.

 7.	OTHER PROVISIONS

a.	The Licensee may not sublicense, assign or transfer this license to another party.  Any attempt to sublicense, assign or transfer any of the rights, duties or obligations under this agreement shall be null and void and without any legal effect.

b.	This agreement shall be governed by the laws of the state of Florida.  In the event of any litigation of this agreement, the prevailing party shall be entitled to reimbursement of related costs incurred by such party, including but not limited to such party's reasonable attorney fees.

c.	If you have questions concerning this agreement, then contact Henter-Joyce, Inc., for clarification, 2100 62nd Ave. N., St.  Petersburg, FL 33702, phone (800) 336-5658 or (813) 528-8900.

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HELP TIPS FOR JAWS HELP SYSTEM

Use TAB and BACKTAB to select items from the following list and press ENTER to display the selected help page.

List of Help Keys

Three Kinds of JAWS Help

Reading the Help Page

Selecting and Choosing Jumps

 BackTracking Through Help

Using the Contents Button

Using Browse Buttons

Using the History Button

Using the Search Button

Using Bookmarks

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Help Keys for JAWS Help System

B or Back Button = Displays Prior Page.

C or Contents button = Displays opening page of help system.

 G or Changes Button = JAWS program Changes.

 H or Help Tips Button = Displays information about how to use help.

 J or JAWS Basics Button = Jumps to the beginning of the manual.

 O or Macro Help Button = Help for JAWS macro editor.

P or Setup Button = JAWS Setup Guide.

Q or Quick Reference = Summary of JAWS commands.

R or JAWS Technical Reference button = Jumps to the beginning of the manual.

 S or Search Button = Displays alphabetic list of topics in the help system.

 T or History button = Displays list of previously read help topics.

 W or Windows Reference for JAWS Users Button = Jumps to the beginning of the manual.

 COMMA or "<<" Browse Button = Browse up to the prior help page.

 PERIOD or ">>" Browse Button = Browse down to the next help page.

 PAGE DOWN = Displays additional text at the bottom of the help page.

 PAGE UP = Displays preceding text on the help page.

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Three Kinds of JAWS Help

Context Help is most commonly used with menus and dialog boxes to obtain information about their purpose or use.  Function key number 1 is used to activate context help.  When you are done using context help, press ALT+F4 to quit the help system and to return to the previous activity.  All application programs do not provide context sensitive help and they do not respond when you press F1.

context help is always available when you are using the JAWS menu bar and its dialogs.  Simply press F1 or choose the help button in the dialog box to activate help for the JAWS menu or JAWS dialog option you are currently using.  Press ALT+F4 to exit help when you are done.

Screen Sensitive Help is a form of context help that can be used with any windows application.  When you press INSERT+F1 JAWS describes the function of the current window or dialog option.  For example, if you were using the Open File dialog box and were trying to choose a file in the file list option, then you could press INSERT+F1 for help.  JAWS responds by identifying the type of dialog option you are using and tells you that you can use your arrow keys to select an item, press ENTER to choose the selected item, and use TAB to move on to the next dialog option.  This type of help does not interfere with the current activity and can be used at any time.  You do not need to press ALT+F4 after using this type of JAWS help, because JAWS simply speaks a help message and does not activate the JAWS help system.

On-Line Documentation is provided by many applications as a software equivalent of their printed manuals.  If an application provides On-line documentation, then you can usually activate its help system by choosing "Contents" from the Help menu of its menu bar.  Some programs also may have an on-line documentation icon in their Program Manager group box which can be used to activate on-line help.  When you have finished using on-line help, press ALT+F4 to exit the help program.  For additional information about using on-line help, choose Help Tips.

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Reading the Help Page

The text that is displayed when you choose a help topic is called a "help page".  A page of help text is sometimes larger than the size of your help window, and it is necessary to use your PAGE DOWN key to read the full page of information.  The end of each help page is marked with the words "-- End of Page --".  If you do not hear these words spoken when JAWS finishes reading the help window, then you need to press PAGE DOWN to display additional text.  Be sure your PC cursor is active so that the help system can respond by displaying the next screen of information.

When JAWS on-line help is used, it automatically increases the size of the help window to its maximum size.  This makes reading help text more convenient.  On-line documentation for other applications may not "maximize" the size of the help window and you may need to maximize the size of the window by using the menu bar.

Follow these steps to maximize the size of the Help Window.

a.	Press CONTROL+SPACEBAR to display the application control menu.

 b.	Use the DOWN ARROW to select "Maximize".

c.	Press ENTER to maximize the help window to its largest size.

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Selecting and Choosing Jumps

Many pages of help text contain words and phrases which can be used to jump to different help pages.  These "jumps" or "Hypertext Links" are used to obtain more specific information about a given topic.

The TAB and BACKTAB keys are used to move the selection cursor between possible jumps shown in the help window.  Each time you press one of these keys, JAWS speaks the name of the jump topic which has been selected.  To jump to the help page for the selected topic, press ENTER.  When you reach the end of the list of jump topics, the selection cursor returns to the top of the list.

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BackTracking Through Help

There are two ways to backtrack to a help page you have previously read.  The quickest way is to use the Back button.  To do this, click on the Back button or press the "B" key on your keyboard.  You can backtrack through the last 40 pages you have read with this method.

You can also use the History button as a backtracking tool.  Choose Using the History Button for additional information about this topic.

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Contents Button

The Contents button is used whenever you wish to jump back to the opening help window.

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Browse Buttons

Help pages are often linked together in a specific order so that they can be read like the pages of a book.  For example, when you use the Browse buttons or browse keys to read through these Help Tips, or through a chapter from a manual, you can read the information in the same order in which it appears in the printed manual.

The Browse buttons are located on the button bar which is displayed just under the menu bar at the top of the help window.  "<<" = prior page and ">>" = next page.  Use the COMMA key on your keyboard to display the prior page and the PERIOD key to display the next page.

A page of help text may be larger than the help window, so you may need to use your scroll bars or the PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN keys to read the full page.  For additional information about reading a help page, choose Reading the Help Page.

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History Button

The history button is used to backtrack through a list of previously read help pages.  To use Windows Help History, you can either click on the History button, or press "T" on the keyboard.

When the History window opens, you can use your UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW to read through the list of page titles that you have previously read.  The most recently read page title is at the top of the list and the oldest page title is at the bottom of the list.  Each time a help page is read, its title is placed at the top of the list.  Thus, The same page title can appear in several locations on the list when the page has been used more than once.

When you find the page title that you wish to reread, press ENTER.  The help window is activated again, and the help page you chose is displayed.

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Search Button

The Search Button is used to find information on specific topics.  Use these steps to search for a topic:

a.	Press "S" to activate the Search dialog.

b.	Type the first few letters of the topic you want to read.  Topics that match your typing are displayed as you type.

c.	Next press TAB to use the alphabetized list of topics.  Use UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW to find the specific topic you want to read.

d.	Press ENTER to choose the topic, then press ENTER to choose the OK button.  This causes the topic page to be displayed.

Additional information about the Search dialog is presented in the Help menu of Windows Help.  Press ALT+H to activate the Help menu for the Windows Help Program.

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Bookmarks

You can create bookmarks to help you find frequently used sections in the help system.  To mark a page with a bookmark:

a.	Display the page in the help window that you wish to mark.

b.	Press ALT to activate the menu bar of Windows Help.  Choose Bookmarks, then choose the Define dialog.

c.	The name of the current topic page is displayed in the dialog at this point.  You can either type a different name or choose the OK button.  After completing the dialog, the bookmark is listed in the Bookmark menu.

d.	To use a bookmark, Activate the Bookmark menu as described above, and use your DOWN ARROW to find the topic you wish to read.  The first nine topics are numbered and can be chosen by typing a number.

Additional information about bookmarks is presented in the Help menu of Windows Help.  Press ALT+H to activate the Help menu for the Windows Help Program.

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JAWS BASICS - Chapter List

Choose a chapter from JAWS BASICS.

Chapter 1:  Starting to Use JAWS with Windows

Chapter 2:  Using the PC Cursor

Chapter 3:  Using the JAWS Cursor

Chapter 4:  Using the JAWS Menu Bar and Other Tools

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JAWS BASICS - Contents of Chapter 1

STARTING TO USE JAWS WITH WINDOWS

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use the Browse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   WHERE TO START

2.   JAWS INNOVATIONS

2.1  About the Speech Pad

2.2  About the Insert Key

3.   ADJUSTING SPEECH VOLUME AND SPEECH RATE

4.   THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CURSORS

5.   STOPPING AND LIMITING SPEECH

6.   LEARNING BY DOING

6.1  Switching Between Applications

6.2  Starting Applications with Program Manager

 6.3  Using a Windows Application

6.4  Using the Application Menu Bar to Improve Desktop Readability

 6.5  Using the Mouse Pointer to Quit an Application

 6.6  Using Help

6.7  Quitting JAWS and Windows

7.   LOCATION OF ADDITIONAL REFERENCE INFORMATION

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WHERE TO START

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 1

We have given considerable attention to the preparation of our training tapes and manuals, and believe they can meet your needs regardless of your computer background.  You can learn to use JAWS in a variety of ways -- where you begin is up to you.

This manual is called JAWS Basics, because it provides the information that most JAWS users want to know.  Our training tapes also provide a solid base of information about JAWS, in addition to providing an orientation to Windows.  The first chapter in our Windows Reference is an introduction to the Windows environment.  It was written from the perspective of a blind PC user, and can be an excellent reference for those who are teaching others about basic Windows concepts.  Additionally, those who desire in depth knowledge about JAWS, and who wish to unlock its full potential, will get the supplemental information they need from our Technical Reference.

Our easy to use Training Tapes can provide blind PC users with a thorough introduction to both JAWS and Windows.  These tapes are an invaluable tool for blind PC users who want to learn-by-doing.  The tapes cover JAWS installation and use, and allow people to learn at their own pace.

In addition to our ink print manuals, on-line help system, and training tapes, we have provided you with a set of Electronic Text Files, that contain all of our printed documentation.  These files are installed automatically during JAWS installation, and they can be read with a text editor or word processor.  The text files are located in the "\JFW\MANUALS\ENU" subdirectory.  Please contact us for information about Braille Manuals.

If you have not installed JAWS, then you should do so before going on to read the rest of this chapter.  For help with JAWS installation, please read the Installation Guide, which accompanies this manual, or listen to the installation tape.

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JAWS INNOVATIONS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 2

It is very easy to use JAWS, because JAWS uses standard Windows keyboard commands.  If you already understand the fundamentals of using Windows, then you can begin using JAWS immediately after it has been installed.  If you are a new Windows user, then you can begin to learn about Windows as you learn about adjusting the volume and speech rate of your speech synthesizer, which is discussed in section 3 of this chapter.

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Speech Pad
The Speech Pad

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 2.1

We use the term Speech Pad to refer to the set of keys that are located on the right end of your keyboard.  This keypad can be used to type numbers or move the cursor.  It consists of approximately 17 keys, and it is commonly called the Numeric Keypad.  However, we call this keypad the speech pad, because it is literally used to make Windows speak.  You should plan to keep the Numlock Status of your numeric keypad turned off, so that it can be used for reading the Windows desktop.  The numlock key is usually located at the upper left corner of the speech pad.

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Insert Key
About the Insert Key

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 2.2

The speech pad has been enhanced in several important ways to help with reading the Windows desktop.  The most important innovation involves the Insert Key.  It has a new function.  It is used as a type of shift key.  When the Insert key is held down, and another key is pressed, then it makes the key perform a different screen reading function.  For example, if you press the Down Arrow, the cursor moves in a downward direction.  However, if you hold down the Insert key and press the Down Arrow, then JAWS reads everything in the active window.  You will learn much more about the speech pad and Insert key as you go further in this manual.

When you are asked to press a key on the keyboard in order to make something happen, then you are using a Keyboard Command.  We use a very specific way to write down keyboard commands in our manuals to avoid confusion.  When you read the expression, "INSERT+UP ARROW", this means that you are to hold down the Insert key on the speech pad, and then press the Up Arrow key that is located on the speech pad.  The PLUS sign that separates the name of the Insert key and the Up Arrow key means that you are to hold down the first key and then press the second key.

TIP!  Use the thumb of your right hand to hold down the Insert key when doing commands such as INSERT+UP ARROW.

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ADJUSTING SPEECH VOLUME AND SPEECH RATE

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 3

If you have been experimenting with using the arrow keys on the speech pad, then you have heard JAWS read information from your desktop.  You probably want to adjust the speed of your speech synthesizer to match your personal preferences, and to perhaps make a few other adjustments in the way your synthesizer speaks.  To adjust speech synthesizer settings, you need to use the Voices menu of the JAWS application window.  To change the speech rate and volume of your synthesizer, use the steps which follow.  New Windows users will find that the keyboard commands you learn to use here are also used throughout Windows.

a.	Begin by switching to the JAWS application window.  Press and hold down ALT and tap the TAB one or more times until the name "JAWS" is spoken.  The JAWS application window is active as soon as you hear the name "JAWS" and you release ALT.  If Program Manager and JAWS are your only two active applications, then JAWS will be the first name spoken.  If you have additional applications running, then you will need to cycle through the list of application names to find JAWS.

b.	To activate the JAWS menu bar, press ALT.

c.	To find the name of the Voices menu on the menu bar, press your RIGHT ARROW.  Press ENTER after JAWS says "voices".  (The LEFT ARROW and RIGHT ARROW are always used to move the selection cursor along the menu bar.)

d.	Press ENTER to choose the Global dialog. This dialog name is the top item in the Voices menu.  Options for speech rate, speech volume, and other voice characteristics can be set in the Global dialog.  (The UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW are used in a dropdown menu.)

e.	If you choose the wrong menu or the wrong dialog, just press ESCAPE to cancel your choice.  If you press ESCAPE a second time, this deactivates the menu bar, however, the JAWS application window remains active.

f.	Press TAB to move forward to the next dialog option.  JAWS tells you that you are on the rate scroll bar.  Press SHIFT+TAB to move back to the volume scroll bar, which is where you began when the dialog box was first opened.  If you want to move through the entire set of dialog options, you can press TAB until you return to the volume scroll bar.  The SHIFT+TAB always moves you backward and the TAB always moves you forward through the set of options.

g.	To adjust speech rate, press TAB until JAWS identifies the rate scroll bar.  Use your arrow keys to increase or decrease the speech rate.  When you find the rate you like, press TAB to move on to another dialog option.

h.	To adjust the volume of your synthesizer, press the TAB or SHIFT+TAB until JAWS identifies the volume scroll bar.  Use your arrow keys to adjust the volume level, and press TAB to move on to another dialog option.  TIP!  If you use the highest number for volume, and your synthesizer still does not speak loud enough, then you may need to use a volume knob on the synthesizer to boost the volume.

i.	You also can use the preceding steps to adjust the other options in the Global dialog, or in the other dialogs of the Voices menu.  If you are unsure of how to set a dialog option, then press INSERT+F1 to obtain help.  If you want to re-read the text for the option you are currently on, then press CONTROL+DOWN ARROW.  If you want a description of your location in the Windows environment, then press INSERT+T.

j.	When you are satisfied with the changes you made, and you are ready to leave the dialog, then press ENTER.  This automatically selects the OK button.  Your new settings stay in effect until you change them.  Voice settings are automatically saved when you exit Windows.  If you want to cancel the changes you made in the dialog, then press ESCAPE, or press TAB until you find the cancel button, and press ENTER.  Any of the preceding actions end your use of the dialog and return you to the Jaws application window.  At this point, you can press Alt+TAB to switch back to Program Manager.

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DIFFERENT CURSORS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 4

When you use JAWS with Windows, you have two cursors:  the PC cursor and the JAWS cursor.

Generally, the PC Cursor is directly linked to the operation of Windows applications.  It is connected with the use of standard Windows keyboard commands.  For example, when you use Windows Program Manager, you may feel as if the speech pad keys are moving a cursor as you make selections even though a cursor is not visible.  The term Selection Cursor is used in this situation to indicate that a highlight bar or dotted box is being moved to select an icon or a menu item.  When you are asked to "use your selection cursor", this means that you are to use your PC cursor to highlight an icon or menu item.

The JAWS Cursor can be freely moved around within the active window to read information that often cannot be read with the PC cursor.  The JAWS cursor can read information at any time without disrupting the status or operation of Windows.  It actually moves the mouse pointer, which means it can be used with the JAWS mouse buttons to select, drag, and choose.  Use of the mouse pointer and mouse buttons are discussed later in this chapter.

To activate the PC cursor, press PLUS on the speech pad.  The PC cursor is active when JAWS is first loaded.

To activate the JAWS cursor, press MINUS on the speech pad.

The two cursors perform different tasks, and speech pad keys may work differently depending on which cursor is being used.  When you press a keyboard command, JAWS checks to see which cursor is active, and determines whether the key stroke should be passed on to Windows or used to initiate a JAWS screen reading function.  JAWS screen reading functions do not interfere with Windows and can be used at any time.

When you press the MINUS on the speech pad, JAWS indicates that you are using the JAWS cursor, and the speech pad keys move the JAWS cursor.  The PC cursor remains at its current location until it is moved by a Windows command.  Even though the JAWS cursor is active, you can still type text with the alphabet keys and use other Windows keyboard commands.

When you press the PLUS, on the speech pad, JAWS speaks the name of the cursor, and speech pad commands are again directly linked to Windows.  The JAWS Cursor stays stationary when the PC cursor is being used, and it remains in a fixed location until it is activated again, or until it is used by JAWS to carry out a special screen reading function.

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STOPPING AND LIMITING SPEECH

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 5

You can Stop the Speaking of Information at any time by pressing either the CONTROL key or the SHIFT key.  The pressing of these keys does not affect the current activity being performed by Windows.

You can control the amount of descriptive information that JAWS speaks by choosing different Verbosity Levels.  Use INSERT+V to rotate through the three verbosity levels.

The "beginner" verbosity level provides the maximum information about the Windows environment.  If you are a new Windows user, then you should keep the verbosity level set to the maximum level to obtain comprehensive descriptions.  The other two verbosity levels provide less information, and are used by more experienced Windows users.

When the beginner level is used, for example, JAWS says the word "dialog" after the title of a dialog box is spoken.  It also describes dialog options according to their function, i.e., button, check box, etc.

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LEARNING BY DOING

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 6

In order to correctly understand the use of keyboard commands, it is important for you to understand two words that are used throughout Windows. Select

To "select" an Item, you must point to the item with the selection cursor.  The selection cursor can be thought of as a pointer which identifies the item you wish to use.  Windows uses highlighting and/or a dotted rectangle to indicate the item which is selected.  JAWS identifies selected items by speaking them.  This confirms the fact that an item has been selected.  Mouse users use a single click of the left mouse button when they select an item.

Choose

When you "choose" an Item, you are implementing or starting an activity.  Normally, you first "select" an item, and then you "choose" it.  This two step process is a standard Windows convention.  In most cases, selecting an item will not initiate an activity; you must also choose it.  For example, you use your arrow keys to select the name of an application in Program Manager, and then you press ENTER to start the application.  Mouse users choose items when they double click the left mouse button.

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Switching Between Applications

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 6.1

The easiest way for us to explain how to work with Windows and JAWS is to have you try the commands we describe.  If possible, try out each keyboard command as we introduce it.

If you only have installed Windows and JAWS on your PC, then Windows will have two "running" applications when it starts -- JAWS and Program Manager.  A Running Application is a software program that has been started and is ready for use. If you have set up Windows to load additional applications, then you could have a number of other applications that also are ready for immediate use.

The ALT+TAB is used to switch between running applications.  It can be used in two different ways.  It can be used to toggle back and forth between two applications, or it can be used to switch to any of the applications that are currently running in Windows.

a.	Press INSERT+T to have JAWS speak the title of the current window.  A title bar is located at the top of each window.  Next, press ALT+TAB to toggle back to the previously opened Window.  Press ALT+TAB again, to return to the first application Window.  Whenever you press and release ALT+TAB you toggle back and forth between the two most recently used applications.

b.	The ALT+TAB also can be used to rotate through the entire list of applications running in Windows.  To do this, hold down ALT and tap the TAB one or more times.  It is important to not release the ALT key until you hear the name of the application you wish to use.  Each time you press TAB, while ALT is held down, you "select" a different application name from the set of running applications.  When you release the ALT, after hearing an application name, then you "choose" that application, and it becomes the active application.  The Active Application is simply the program that you are currently using.  A running application is simply a program that has been started, but is not the active application.  You can use INSERT+T to read the name of the active application.

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Starting Applications

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 6.2

Since we are about to discuss commands that involve the use of icons, we need to discuss these graphic symbols.  In the simplest terms, an Icon is a small symbol or picture that represents something.  An icon can represent an application, a group window, or a document window.  Most icons also include a text description, and the icon and its description appear together on the desktop.  Icons can represent running applications such as Program Manager and JAWS.  Icons also can represent group windows in Program Manager, and applications that can be started from within a Program Manager group window.  This may sound complicated, but it really isn't when you use JAWS to read your desktop.

Windows Program Manager is primarily used to start applications, and to manage the way applications work together.  To use Program Manager, you must make it the active application.  To find out which application is currently active, press INSERT+T, and JAWS will tell you which application you are using.  If JAWS tells you that you are using Program Manager, then you are ready for the next step.  If JAWS identifies some other application, then use your ALT+TAB to activate Program Manager.  Hold down ALT and press TAB until JAWS says "program manager", then release ALT.

a.	After activating Program Manager, press CONTROL+TAB to move between its group windows.  JAWS speaks the name of the newly selected group each time you press CONTROL+TAB.  Each Program Manager Group contains application icons that can be used to start applications.  Program Manager can have many groups, and you can cycle through the entire set of groups by pressing CONTROL+TAB.  If you keep pressing this combination of keys, you eventually return to the first group.  You can move in a backward direction through the groups by using CONTROL+SHIFT+TAB.  This last command means that you are to hold down both the CONTROL and SHIFT at the same time, and then press TAB.

b.	Use your CONTROL+TAB to find the Accessories group.

c.	If the group window is open and application icons are displayed, then JAWS speaks the name of the group and speaks the name of the selected application icon.  If the group is closed, JAWS only speaks the name of the group.  You can press INSERT+5 on the speech pad to have JAWS identify the icon that is currently selected.  If JAWS says something such as "accessories icon" when you press INSERT+SPEECH PAD 5, then this means the group window is closed and appears on the desktop as an icon.  If JAWS reads the name of a group followed by the name of an application such as "write", then this means the group is open, and the selection cursor is pointing to an application icon.

d.	If the Accessories group is closed, then press ENTER to open it.

e.	Next you need to look for an application icon for the Windows Notepad program.  Use your arrow keys to move around within the group window to read the names of the icons.  The icons may be displayed in more than one row, so you can use all four of your arrow keys to move between the program icons in a group box.  When JAWS says "notepad", this means that the selection cursor is pointing to the application icon for the Notepad program.  You also can press a letter key on your keyboard to jump to a specific program icon.  If you press "N", then the selection cursor jumps to Notepad.

Before we start the Notepad program, you might want to use screen sensitive help to obtain instructions for starting applications.  Press INSERT+F1 for screen sensitive help.

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Using a Windows Application

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 6.3

Since our goal is to use the Notepad program, use your arrow keys to find the program icon in the Accessories group, and press ENTER to start the program.  JAWS speaks the name of the program as soon as it is loaded, and reminds you that you are using an untitled document.  At this point you can type text in the empty document window.  Please go ahead and type a couple sentences.  Please Note!  Notepad is a text editor and your typing will extend beyond the margins of the window.  Thus you should use your ENTER key to return the cursor to the left margin after filling up a line.  It also is possible to activate "word wrap" in Notepad's Edit menu to force Notepad to wrap text from line to line as you type.

Now that you have some text on the screen, you can practice reading it.

Use UP ARROW, and DOWN ARROW to move up and down in the document.

Use LEFT ARROW, and RIGHT ARROW to move left and right by individual letters.

Use INSERT+LEFT ARROW and INSERT+RIGHT ARROW to move to the prior and next words.

Use INSERT+UP ARROW to read the current line, INSERT+SPEECH PAD 5 to read the current word, and SPEECH PAD 5 to read the current character.

Use INSERT+DOWN ARROW to read the entire application window, and CONTROL+DOWN ARROW to read the document window.

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Menu Bar and Desktop Readability
The Menu Bar and Desktop Readability

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 6.4

The size of the active window determines the amount of information that is displayed in the window, and may affect the readability of the window.  With some applications, you will need to maximize the size of the active window to enable JAWS to properly read information on the desktop.  JAWS cannot perform properly when parts of words and pieces of graphics are cut off from the screen display.  Use the suggestions in this section when you believe information is missing or when JAWS does not seem to be reading properly.

We will use Notepad to describe the use of the menu bar, so if Notepad is not your active application, then please choose its icon from the Accessories group of Program Manager.  Activate the menu bar by pressing ALT.  The ALT activates the menu bar in any windows application.  Now you can use your LEFT ARROW and RIGHT ARROW to read the menu names on the bar.  Windows menu bars are usually very similar to one another and commonly have menu names such as: files, edit, search, options, and help.

If you want to maximize the size of the active application window, then follow these steps.

a.	Use the arrow keys to find the application control menu on the menu bar.  JAWS says "application control menu" when the selection cursor encounters the icon that identifies the menu.  Press ENTER to display the menu.  If you make a mistake and choose the wrong menu name, press ESCAPE to close the menu.

b.	Most applications have an Application Control Menu which is used to manage the application itself.  Use your UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW to read through the list of menu items.

c.	Among the menu items on the list are "restore", "minimize" and "maximize".  Press ENTER when JAWS says "maximize".

When you Maximize an application window in this way, you expand the size of the window to the largest size possible.  If you had chosen to Minimize an application window, then the application would have been reduced to an icon.  When you choose to Restore an application window, the window is returned to its standard size.  After you choose any of these commands, the menu bar closes.

Some applications have two control menus.  In addition to the application control menu, they also have a Child Window Control Menu to manage documents and group boxes.  A Child Window is a window that exists totally within an application window, and might contain the text of a document, a spreadsheet, or Program Manager icons.  For example, some word processors allow you to open several documents and to place each of them in a separate document window.  These programs use a document control menu to manage the documents that are displayed in the various child windows.  You can minimize, maximize, restore, and switch between child windows by using the child window control menu.

TIP!  If you find that information in a child window is difficult to read, use its control menu to maximize the child window.  If it does not have a control menu, then maximize the application window.

The standard Windows shortcut key for activating the control menu for a child window is ALT+HYPHEN, and the shortcut key for the application control menu is ALT+SPACEBAR.  A more complete description of child windows, parent windows, and DOS windows is presented in Chapter 1 of our Windows Reference.  Choose Different Types of Windows to read the Windows Reference for JAWS Users.

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Mouse Pointer and Quitting Applications

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 6.5

Even though your document may be a creative masterpiece, we are not going to save it.  We are instead going to quit the Notepad program.  There are several ways to do this.  The ALT+F4 is the universal command for quitting any application, however, we are going to use the JAWS cursor and the mouse pointer to exit Notepad.  We are only using this approach to demonstrate the use of the mouse keys, and recommend the standard use of ALT+F4 to exit applications.

a.	Press MINUS on the speech pad to activate the JAWS cursor.  If you wish, you can take some time to read around the active window.  Use your arrow keys to do this.

b.	Next press PAGE UP to take the JAWS cursor to the top of the Notepad application window. Read the information on this line by pressing your INSERT+UP ARROW.

c.	Now press DOWN ARROW.  The JAWS cursor should read the names on the menu bar.  Press HOME to move the JAWS cursor to the beginning of text on the line.  Press INSERT+SPEECH PAD 5 to read the current word.  JAWS should say "files".  If it doesn't, then use your arrow keys to move the JAWS cursor to "files".

d.	With your JAWS cursor pointing to "Files", click the left JAWS mouse button.  This is the Slash key "/" on the speech pad.  When you click on a menu name, you display its menu.

e.	The files menu is now displayed and you could use your arrow keys and ENTER to choose the exit command.  However, we will instead continue to use our JAWS cursor and mouse keys.  Press INSERT+MINUS to activate your JAWS cursor and to route it to the position of the selection cursor.  Now move the JAWS cursor down the list of menu items with the DOWN ARROW.  When the JAWS mouse pointer is on "exit", then click the left mouse button, i.e. SLASH.  This chooses the Exit dialog.

f.	The Exit dialog asks you whether you want to save your document.  At this point the PC cursor has been turned on and you can press DOWN ARROW to select the No button, and press ENTER to choose it.  You then will return to the Accessories group window of Program Manager.

g.	You can close the Accessories group window by pressing CONTROL+F4. This command can be used in many applications to close a child window.  In Program Manager, it closes a group window, and in a word processing program, it closes a document window.  Regardless of what the child window is called, the shortcut key for closing the active child window is CONTROL+F4.

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Help BASICS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 6.6

In Windows, there are generally two resources that can be used to get help as you use an application.  Context Help provides information about the use of a program option or setting, and is most often used with dialog boxes.  On-Line Documentation can be thought of as an application program's instruction manual, that is used to learn about how to use the application.

JAWS has context help, on-line documentation, and an additional type of help call screen sensitive help.  Screen Sensitive Help is used when you want JAWS to describe the function of the current window or dialog option.  For example, if you were using the Open File dialog box and were trying to choose a file from the file list, then you could use screen sensitive help to learn about keyboard commands that can be used in this specific situation.

To use context help for JAWS or any other application, press F1.  If context help is available for the current situation, then one or more windows of information will be presented.  To quit context help and return to the application, press ALT+F4.  Some application programs do not provide context sensitive help and they will not respond when you press F1.

Context help is always available when you are using the JAWS menu bar and its dialogs.  Simply press F1 to activate help for the menu item or dialog option which is currently highlighted by the selection cursor.  If you want general help regarding the dialog box itself, then choose the help button in the dialog box.  Once you open a help screen by pressing F1 or the help button, you have immediate access to all on-line documentation for JAWS, and you can jump to any of the JAWS manuals.  When you are done using help, press ALT+F4 to exit help and return to the JAWS menu or dialog you had been using.

To use on-line documentation for JAWS, you follow the same process that you would use for any other application that has on-line help. First activate the application window for the program by using ALT+TAB.  You also can jump to the JAWS application Window by using the INSERT+J hot key.  Next, press ALT+H to activate the Help menu, and then choose "Contents".  This tapes you to the opening menu of the JAWS help system.  When you are done using on-line help, press ALT+F4.

Some applications also may have an on-line documentation icon in their Program Manager group box which can be used to activate on-line help.  Additionally, some programs, such as JAWS, have a Quick Reference Item in the Help menu.  This is a list of JAWS commands that can be activated at any time from within the JAWS application window.  It is similar to the JAWS quick reference card that we provide in print.  The quick reference can also be activated from within the on-line help system for JAWS.  When you have finished using the quick reference or any application program's on-line help, press ALT+F4 to exit the help program.

Screen sensitive help can be used with any windows application.  Simply press INSERT+F1 to obtain a description of the type of window or dialog option you are currently using.  When This type of help is used, you do not need to press ALT+F4 to exit help, because the help message is spoken without activating the JAWS help system.

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Quitting JAWS and Windows

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 6.7

If you wish to Quit JAWS, and to continue to use Windows without a screen reader, then press INSERT+F4.  You can also quit JAWS by activating the JAWS window and pressing ALT+F4.

When you have completed your work in the Windows environment, it is best to Quit Windows before turning off your computer.  It is not necessary to quit JAWS before you quit Windows.  However, you should quit all other applications with open data files before quitting Windows so that your data can be safely saved.  Use these steps to exit Windows.

a.	Use ALT+TAB to activate the Program Manager.

b.	Press ALT+F4 to quit Windows.  You will be asked to confirm your decision to exit by pressing the OK button.  Press ENTER to choose the button.

If you start to quit Windows and you have an open application window with data that has not been saved, then Windows prevents you from exiting.  In some cases, JAWS may already have become silent and it does not speak the dialog message which warns you of this situation.  If this happens and Windows appears to be waiting for a response, then press ESCAPE.  JAWS will speak the warning message, and you can then close any open applications.

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REFERENCE INFORMATION
ADDITIONAL REFERENCE INFORMATION

JAWS BASICS Chapter 1 Section 7

This chapter was designed to provide a foundation for working with JAWS in the Windows environment.  Remaining chapters in this manual provide additional details on topics that were discussed here, and introduce additional JAWS screen reading tools.  Chapter 2 describes keyboard commands that are used when the PC cursor is active.  Chapter 3 describes keyboard commands that are used when the JAWS cursor is active.  Chapter 4 describes the use and functions of the JAWS menu bar and other tools.

If you found, after reading this chapter, that you want to learn more about Windows, then please listen to our training tapes and read the first chapter in our Windows Reference.  Additionally, you can obtain numerous books and reference manuals on the topic of Windows from Recordings for the Blind, Inc.  Contact one of their reference librarians for a list of Windows Related Publications.  Some publications are available on cassette tape and others are offered in electronic text format.

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JAWS BASICS - Contents of Chapter 2

PC CURSOR

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use the Browse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

2.   STARTING/QUITTING JAWS AND WINDOWS

3.   STOPPING AND LIMITING SPEAKING

4.   APPLICATION WINDOW COMMANDS

5.   CHILD WINDOW COMMANDS

6.   MENU BAR KEYS

7.   DIALOG BOX KEYS

8.   APPLICATION CURSOR MOVEMENT KEYS

9.   TEXT SELECTION AND EDITING KEYS

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INTRODUCTION TO THE PC CURSOR

JAWS BASICS Chapter 2 Section 1

This chapter identifies most of the keyboard commands that are used with Windows applications.  A few JAWS keyboard commands are also described to help you get started.  A complete list of JAWS cursor commands are presented in the next chapter.

To activate the PC cursor, press SPEECH PAD PLUSThe PC cursor is active when JAWS is first loaded.

To activate the JAWS cursor, press SPEECH PAD MINUS.

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STARTING AND QUITTING JAWS AND WINDOWS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 2 Section 2

Automatic Loading of Windows and JAWS

If you installed JAWS from within Windows, then JAWS has been added to your Windows Startup group.  This means that JAWS starts whenever Windows starts, and you do not need to do anything else to load JAWS.

Manual Loading of JAWS from within Windows

If you remove the JAWS icon from the Windows Startup group, then you  must load JAWS manually.  You can start JAWS in one of several ways.  You can choose the JAWS icon from the "JFW" program group of Program Manager, or you can load JAWS with the Run dialog of Program Manager.  To start JAWS with the Run dialog, press ALT+F to activate the Files menu, and then press R to display the Run dialog.  In the command edit field, type "C:\JFW\JFW.EXE" and press ENTER.

Manual Loading of Windows and JAWS from a DOS Prompt

 If you installed JAWS from a DOS prompt, then you will need to type a command at a DOS prompt to load Windows and JAWS.  A batch file for loading Windows and JAWS was installed in your "\JFW" subdirectory for this purpose.  At a DOS prompt type "RUNJFW" and then press ENTER.

Quit JAWS = INSERT+F4

You can also switch to the JAWS application window and press ALT+F4 to quit JAWS.

Quit Windows = switch to the Program Manager and press ALT+F4.

 	This command quits JAWS and Windows at the same time.

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STOPPING AND LIMITING SPEECH - SUMMARY

JAWS BASICS Chapter 2 Section 3

Stop Speech in Progress = CONTROL or SHIFT

For information about adjusting speech rate, volume, and other synthesizer characteristics, choose JAWS Voice Menu.

Change Verbosity Level = INSERT+V

For information about verbosity levels and other user options, choose User Options.

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APPLICATION WINDOW COMMANDS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 2 Section 4

An Application Window is a window that contains a running software program.  It is common for an application  window to also be called a "parent window" or a "program window".  For additional information about application windows, choose Types of Windows.

Speak the Title of the Window = INSERT+T

Read Highlighted Menu Item in Window = SHIFT+INSERT+DOWN ARROW

During editing, this key can be used to read the block of text that has been highlighted by your use of the text selection keys.

Switch to the Previously Used Application = ALT+TAB

Rotate Between All Running Applications = hold down ALT and tap the TAB one or more times.  The application window opens when you release the ALT.

Rotate Backward Between All Running Applications = hold down ALT+SHIFT and tap the TAB one or more times.

Activate the Windows Task List = CONTROL+ESCAPEThe Windows Task List is used to switch between running applications.  Use the UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW to select an application name from the list of all running applications.  Press TABto select a dialog option, and press ENTER to choose the selected option.

Use the Application Control Menu of the Active Application

 = ALT+SPACEBAR This menu can be used to minimize a window to an icon, maximize it to its largest size, or to close the current application.

JAWS Application Window Hot Key = INSERT+JUse this command any time you wish to jump directly to the JAWS application window.  Use the Task List or ALT+TAB to return to your prior application.

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CHILD WINDOW COMMANDS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 2 Section 5

A Child Window is a window that exists totally within an application window, and might contain the text of a document, a spreadsheet, or Program Manager icons.  For additional information about application windows, choose Types of Windows.

Speak the Title of the Window = INSERT+T

Switch Between Document Windows, Program Manager Groups, or Other Child Windows = CONTROL+TAB or CONTROL+F6

Switch between Icons in Program Manager Group Windows

 = LEFT ARROW RIGHT ARROW UP ARROW DOWN ARROW.

Switch Between File Manager Windows = TAB

Use the Control Menu of the Active Child Window = ALT+HYPHEN The hyphen is located on the alphabet section of the keyboard.  This menu is used with the active child window.  It can be used to minimize a child window to an icon, maximize it to its largest size, or to close the current child window.

Close the Active Child Window = CONTROL+F4

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MENU BAR KEYS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 2 Section 6

Use the following keys to select menus and choose commands when using the menu bar of the JAWS application window or the menu bar of any other Windows application.

Activate the Menu Bar = ALT or F10

Cancel the Use of the Menu Bar = ALT, F10 or ESCAPE

Move Between Menu Names on the Menu Bar

= LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROWThese keys also can be used to jump between menus after a menu has been displayed.

Choose the Selected Menu Name from the Menu Bar = ENTER

 li900You can also press a selection character to select and choose a menu in one step.  Selection characters are usually the first letter or number of a menu name.

Move Between Menu Items in a Menu

= UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW

Choose the Selected Dialog Name or Command in a Menu = ENTER

 You can also press a selection character to select and choose a menu item from the menu in one step.  Selection characters are usually the first letter or number of menu options.

Cancel the Use of a Menu = ESCAPE

Press ESCAPE twice or press ALT to cancel the use of the menu bar.

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DIALOG BOX KEYS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 2 Section 7

Identify All Dialog Options in a Dialog = INSERT+B

li900This JAWS command reads the dialog options in the order in which they will be encountered when the TAB key is used.  The selection cursor does not move from its current location when this command is used.

Move to the Next Dialog Option = TAB

The selection cursor generally moves in a downward direction, or to the right, when moving between dialog options.

Move to the Previous Dialog Option = SHIFT+TAB

The selection cursor generally moves in an upward direction, or to the left, when moving between dialog options.

Jump to a Dialog Option = Press an alphabet or number key

 The selection character is usually the first letter or number in the name of the dialog option.

Screen Sensitive Help for Using a Dialog Option = INSERT+F1

 JAWS describes the current dialog option and explains how it is to be used.

Jump to the First Item or Character in a List or Text Box = HOME

Jump to the Last Item or Character in a List or Text Box = END

Scroll Up or Down One Screen at a Time in a List Box

= PAGE UP or PAGE DOWN

Open a List Box to Display its Contents = ALT+DOWN ARROW

Select an Item or Cancel a Selection in a List = SPACEBAR

Select or Clear a Dialog Check Box = SPACEBAR

Select All Items in a List = CONTROL+SLASH

The slash "/" is located on the alphabet section of the keyboard.  This command is only available for use in certain kinds of lists.

Cancel All Selections in a List Except for the Current Selection

 = CONTROL+BACKSLASH (\)	This command is only available in certain kinds of lists.

Initiate a Command in a List = ENTER

Close a Dialog Box without Completing the Command

= ESCAPE or ALT+F4

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APPLICATION CURSOR MOVEMENT KEYS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 2 Section 8

Use the following keys to move the cursor or the insertion point when you can type text, such as when you use Windows Notepad, Write, and text boxes.  Please note, JAWS produces an error beep when you use a cursor movement key and the insertion point (application cursor) cannot move.

Move Up One Line = UP ARROW

Move Down One Line = DOWN ARROW

Move Right One Character = RIGHT ARROW

Move Left One Character = LEFT ARROW

Move forward to the Next Word

= INSERT+RIGHT ARROW or CONTROL+RIGHT ARROW

Move back to the Prior Word

= INSERT+LEFT-ARROW or CONTROL+LEFT ARROW

Move to the Beginning of the Line = HOME

Move to the End of the Line = END

Move up One Screen = PAGE UP

Move Down One Screen = PAGE DOWN

Move to the Beginning of the Document = CONTROL+HOME

Move to the End of the Document = CONTROL+END

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TEXT SELECTION AND EDITING KEYS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 2 Section 9

These keyboard commands can be used in most Windows applications.  Some commands cannot be used in all situations where text can be selected and edited.

When you begin to select text with one of these commands, the text you select begins at the location of the insertion point.  If text is already selected, then the use of the command cancels the previous selection.  Selecting text means that you are highlighting it (or blocking it) in preparation for doing something with the text.  For example, to delete a word, you begin by selecting the word, and then choose the delete command.

Select One Character to the Left or Right of the Insertion Point

 = SHIFT+LEFT ARROW or SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

Select One Line of Text Up or Down

= SHIFT+UP ARROW or SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

Select All Text, One Screen Up or Down

= SHIFT+PAGE UP or SHIFT+PAGE DOWN

Select Text from the Insertion Point to the Beginning of the Line

 = SHIFT+HOME

Select Text from the Insertion Point to the End of the Line

 = SHIFT+END

Select the Previous Word = CONTROL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Select the Next Word = CONTROL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

Select Text from the Insertion Point to the Beginning of the Document

 = CONTROL+SHIFT+HOME

Select Text from the Insertion Point to the End of the Document

 = CONTROL+SHIFT+END

Read the Block of Selected Text = SHIFT+INSERT+DOWN ARROW

During editing, this key can be used to read the block of text that has been highlighted by your use of the text selection keys.  It also can be used to read the highlighted item that has been selected in Program Manager.

Delete Character to the Left of the Insertion Point or Delete Selected Text

 = BACKSPACE

Delete Character to the Right of the Insertion Point or Delete Selected Text

 = ALT+DELETE

Copy the Selected Text and Place it onto the Clipboard

 = CONTROL+C

Delete the Selected Text and Place it onto the Clipboard

 = CONTROL+X

Paste Text from the Clipboard into the Active Window

=CONTROL+V

Undo the Last Editing Action

= CONTROL+Z or ALT+BACKSPACE

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JAWS BASICS - Contents of Chapter 3

JAWS CURSOR

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use the Browse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

2.   FUNCTIONS OF THE JAWS CURSOR

3.   RESTRICTING THE MOVEMENT OF THE JAWS CURSOR

 4.   USING THE GRAPHICS WIZARD TO LABEL GRAPHICS

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INTRODUCTION TO THE JAWS CURSOR

JAWS BASICS Chapter 3 Section 1

This chapter explains how the JAWS cursor can be used to gain additional control over the Windows desktop.

The commands that are described in this chapter refer to the arrangement of keyboard commands that came with your original copy of JAWS.  It is possible to re-arrange these and other JAWS keys with the JAWS macro editor.  For information about the JAWS macro editor, choose Using the JAWS Macro Editor.

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JAWS CURSOR FUNCTIONS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 3 Section 2

As you read the following descriptions, you may notice that many of the JAWS cursor commands perform the same functions as were described in Chapter 2 for the PC cursor.  This means that some keys perform the same activity when either cursor is being used.  If a command has more than one function, then the different functions are explained.

Change Verbosity Level = INSERT+V

Speak the Title of the Current Window = INSERT+T

Read Highlighted Menu Item in Window

= SHIFT+INSERT+DOWN ARROW

During editing, this key can be used to read the block of text that has been highlighted by your use of the text selection keys.

Read the Active Application Window = INSERT+DOWN ARROW

 	Reading begins at the location of the active cursor.

Read the Active Child Window = CONTROL+DOWN ARROW

Turn On JAWS Cursor = SPEECH PAD MINUS

The JAWS cursor can read information anywhere in the active window when restriction is toggled off with INSERT+R.  It can also be used like a mouse pointer with the mouse keys that are described below.

Move the Mouse Pointer = use speech pad keys

Single Left Mouse Click = SLASH on speech pad

This selects the item at the JAWS cursor.

Double Left Mouse Click = press SLASH twice in a second

 	This chooses the item at the JAWS cursor.

Drag an Object on the Desktop = INSERT+SLASH

Use the JAWS cursor to point to the object, press INSERT+SLASH to lock the mouse pointer on the object, then use your arrow keys to drag it.  Press INSERT+SLASH to release the drag command.

 Right Mouse Click = ASTERISK on speech pad

Turn On PC Cursor = SPEECH PAD PLUS

The PC cursor tracks the insertion point or the highlighted selection cursor.

Read Current Line = INSERT+UP ARROW

Read Prior Line = UP ARROW

Read Next Line = DOWN ARROW

Read Prior Character = LEFT ARROW

JAWS cursor active = Speak prior character.

PC cursor active = Select prior icon, select prior menu item, or move insertion

 	point to the prior character.

Read Next Character = RIGHT ARROW

JAWS cursor active = Speak next character.

PC cursor active = Select next icon, select next menu item, or move insertion

 	point to the next character.

Read Current Character = SPEECH PAD 5

When using a menu, it identifies the selection character within the highlighted menu item.

Read Prior Word = INSERT+LEFT ARROW

Read Next Word = INSERT+RIGHT ARROW

Read Current Word = INSERT+SPEECH PAD 5

Spell Current Word = INSERT+SPEECH PAD 5

(pressed twice within a half second)

Move Up One Screen or to Top of Window = PAGE UP

JAWS cursor active = Move to top of active application or child window

 depending on the setting for JAWS cursor restriction.  (Information about cursor restriction is presented later in this chapter.)

 PC cursor active = Move insertion point up one screen.

Move Down One Screen or to Bottom of Window = PAGE DOWN

 JAWS cursor active = Move to bottom of active application or child window

 depending on the setting for JAWS cursor restriction.  (Information about cursor restriction is presented later in this chapter.)

 PC cursor active = Move insertion point down one screen.

Move to the End = END

JAWS cursor active = Move to the end of text on the current line or to the last

 	graphics on the current line.PC cursor = Performs the End function for the application.  For example, it

 could move the insertion point to the end of text on the current line or to the last item in a list box.

Move to the Beginning = HOME

JAWS cursor active = Move to the beginning of text on the line or to the first

 	graphics on the line.PC cursor active = Performs the Home function for the application.  For example,

 it could move the insertion point to the beginning of text on the current line or to the first item in a list box.

Speak From the Left Edge of the Window to the Cursor = INSERT+HOME

 Speak From the Cursor to the Right Edge of the Window = INSERT+PAGE UP

Read Top Line of Window = INSERT+END

Read Bottom Line of Window = INSERT+PAGE DOWN

Speak the Coordinates of the Active Cursor = DELETE

Identify Font Name, Font Size, and Attribute = INSERT+F

 Provides this information for the text character at the active cursor.

Route (move) the JAWS Cursor to the Location of the PC Cursor

 	= INSERT+MINUS

Route (move) the PC Cursor to the Location of the JAWS Cursor

 	= INSERT+PLUS

This moves the insertion point or selection cursor to the location of the JAWS cursor and is equivalent to a single click of the left mouse button.

Delete Key = ALT+DELETE

Toggle Between Insert and Overwrite Editing Modes = ALT+INSERT

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RESTRICTING THE MOVEMENT OF THE JAWS CURSOR

JAWS BASICS Chapter 3 Section 3

If you have several open application windows on your desktop, it is possible for them to overlap or totally cover one another.  This means that parts of several windows could be visible around the active application window.  The PC cursor stays within the active window, which means it will not read information from the surrounding windows.  The JAWS cursor also stays within the active window.  Thus, you cannot accidentally read information from a window you are not using. For additional information about the physical appearance of the Windows desktop,  choose Description of the Windows Desktop.

The movement of the JAWS cursor can be further restricted to the active child window.  For example, if you are using Program Manager, you could turn on the JAWS cursor and read everything that appears in the Program Manager application window including open group windows.  If you turn on JAWS Cursor Restriction, then the JAWS cursor can only read information contained within the active group (child) window.

Use INSERT+R to turn JAWS cursor restriction on or off .

The restriction setting does not affect the movement of the PC cursor.  When you turn restriction on, then the JAWS cursor is restricted to the section of the desktop where it is currently located.  This means that if the JAWS cursor is in the active group window of Program Manager, then its movement is restricted to this child window.  If it is in a dialog box when restriction is turned on, then it can only read the active dialog option.  When you plan to use JAWS cursor restriction, it is best to follow these steps to ensure that you are restricting the cursor to the proper section of the desktop.a.	Route the JAWS cursor to the location of the PC cursor with INSERT+MINUS, or turn on the JAWS cursor and move it to the section of the desktop you wish to read.

b.	Turn on JAWS cursor restriction with INSERT+R.

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LABELING GRAPHICS WITH THE GRAPHICS WIZARD

JAWS BASICS Chapter 3 Section 4

Windows places dozens of graphics on the desktop to represent application programs, menus, or to indicate the status of items in a list.  Each graphics symbol is like a very small picture that symbolically replaces the use of words.  Graphics that start application programs are called Icons, and graphics on tool bars are often called Buttons.  Regardless of what they are called, or how they are used, they usually need to be identified before they can be used.

The JAWS Graphics Wizard is used to label graphics so that JAWS can speak a name or description when they are encountered.  A large number of labels for commonly used graphics symbols have been supplied with JAWS, however, you may need to add to this list when you use new applications.  Adding a label to a graphics symbol is easy, though it might require some sighted assistance.  Follow these steps when labeling a graphic.

a.	Turn on your JAWS cursor and locate the graphic.  You can confirm that the cursor is pointing to the graphic by pressing SPEECH PAD 5.

b.	Press INSERT+G to start the Graphics Wizard.  The Graphics Wizard dialog appears and asks you to type a name for the graphics.  Type the name and press ENTER.  The new label is automatically added to the permanent graphics file.

c.	To edit an existing label, simply follow the preceding steps and type a new label when the dialog box is displayed.  If you want to remove a label, then use the preceding steps, and type the word "GRAPHIC" for the label and press ENTER.  A label that does not contain text will silence the graphics image and prevent JAWS from giving any indication that it is present on the desktop.  Thus, if you remove a descriptive label, then be sure to type the word "GRAPHIC" before pressing ENTER.

The biggest problem in labeling graphics is knowing what to call the graphics.  Most software manuals for Windows applications contain a list of graphics and their meaning.  Sighted assistance may be needed to look up and identify graphics before they can be labeled.

We will be working to build a library of graphics labels for Windows applications and will be constantly expanding the predefined list of labels.  When installing expanded sets of graphics labels or copying labels from one PC to another, it is necessary to use compatible graphics image files.  For example, a PC that uses 256 colors uses a different graphics file than is used by a PC using 16 colors.  Information about converting graphics files is contained in the technical bulletin "GRAPH01.TXT" which is located in the "\JFW\TECNOTES\ENU" subdirectory.  Information about using the JAWS graphics editor for combining sets of graphics labels is presented in Chapter 1 of the JAWS Technical Reference.

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JAWS BASICS - Contents of Chapter 4

JAWS MENU BAR

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use theBrowse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

2.   ACTIVATING AND USING THE JAWS MENU BAR

3.   FILES MENU

4.   VOICES MENU

4.1  Global Dialog

4.2  Keyboard Dialog

4.3  PC Cursor Dialog

4.4  JAWS Cursor Dialog

4.5  Uppercase

5.   OPTIONS MENU

5.1  Typing Echo

5.2  Typing Interrupt

5.3  Reading Interrupt

5.4  Key Repeat

5.5  Screen Echo

5.6  Verbosity Level

6.   UTILITIES MENU

6.1  Macro Editor

6.2  Graphics Editor

7.   HELP MENU

7.1  Contents

7.2  Quick Reference

7.3  Changes

7.4  Customer Support

7.5  About JAWS for Windows

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INTRODUCTION TO THE JAWS MENU BAR

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 1

This chapter describes the JAWS menu bar.  Each of its menus are introduced and brief notes about the use of menu items and dialog options are provided.

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JAWS MENU BAR
USING THE JAWS MENU BAR

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 2

The JAWS Menu Bar is used to modify the way your speech synthesizer speaks, to control how JAWS responds as you type or read the desktop, and to activate program features or to carry out commands.  Its use is identical with the use of all standard Windows menu bars.  It can be used to make your speech synthesizer speak faster, speak slower, or to use a different voice.  You can use it to limit the speaking of punctuation characters and the amount of information that is to be spoken as you type or move the cursor.

The JAWS menu bar functions in the same way as other menu bars in Windows.

a.	To use the menu bar, switch to the JAWS application window by using ALT+TAB, Windows Task List, or by using the JAWS hot key INSERT+J.  When using the Task List, press CONTROL+ESCAPE to activate the list of running applications, use your arrow keys to find "JAWS", then press ENTER.

b.	Press ALT or F10 to activate the menu bar.

c.	The menu bar contains the names of several menus arranged along a horizontal bar.  Use LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW to select a menu name.  JAWS speaks menu names as the highlighted selection cursor moves along the menu bar.

d.	Press ENTER to choose a menu name and to display its dropdown menu box.  If there is more than one menu item in the list, then the items are arranged in a vertical list.

e.	Use UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW to select a menu item, and press ENTER to choose an item.  This will either display a dialog box, start an application, or execute a command.

f.	To get a description of how to use the current menu or dialog option, press INSERT+F1 for screen sensitive help.  To obtain information about the use of a program option or setting, press F1 for context help.  For example, screen sensitive help might tell you about which keys to press when setting a dialog option, while context help tells you about the purpose or use of the dialog setting itself.

g.	Use ALT, F10, or ESCAPE to exit a menu or a dialog.  Use ALT+F4 to quit an application.  Use ALT+TAB or the Task List to switch away from the JAWS application window.

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FILES MENU

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 3

The Files Menu contains one option.  Choose the Exit dialog to quit JAWS.  You also can use INSERT+F4 to quit JAWS from anywhere in Windows.

If you need information about using the menu bar and its menus, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Using the JAWS Menu Bar.

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VOICES MENU

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4

When you choose the Voices Menu, you can use various dialog boxes to set up the speech characteristics of your speech synthesizer.  Settings in these dialog boxes determine the rate of speech, speech synthesizer volume, the pronunciation of punctuation characters, etc.  The general function of each dialog in the dropdown voice menu box is listed below.  Choose one of the dialog names for additional information about a dialog or use the browse buttons to read about all of the dialogs.  If you need general information about using the menu bar and its menus, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Using the JAWS Menu Bar.

Global Dialog = Simultaneously adjusts common speech characteristics in the Keyboard, PC Cursor, and JAWS Cursor dialogs.

Keyboard Dialog = Adjusts the voice characteristics of speech that is produced when text and numbers are typed on the keyboard.

PC Cursor Dialog = Adjusts voice parameters for speech that is produced when the PC cursor is active and the speech pad is being used.

JAWS Cursor Dialog = Adjusts the voice characteristics for speech that is produced when the JAWS cursor is active and the speech pad is used.

Uppercase Dialog = Adjusts the pitch that is used to speak uppercase characters.

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Global Dialog

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.1

When settings are chosen in the Global Dialog, they affect the speech that is produced when the keyboard, PC cursor, and JAWS cursor are used.  Each of these sources of speech can be also separately adjusted from within their respective dialog boxes, but the global dialog offers greater speed for making general changes.

TIP!  It is best to first change Global dialog settings and try them out.  After you are satisfied with your synthesizer's performance, then you may want to try using the other dialogs in the Voices menu.  If you make changes in the PC cursor, JAWS cursor, and Keyboard dialogs, and then go back and make changes in the Global dialog, your new global settings will replace the settings in the other dialogs.

Choose one of the following topics for additional information about a dialog option, or use your browse buttons to read about all topics:

Volume Scroll Bar, Rate Scroll Bar, Pitch Scroll Bar, Voice Combo Box, Punctuation combo box, OK Button, Cancel Button, Help Button

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Volume Scroll Bar

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.1

The Volume Scroll Bar is used to adjust the volume level of speech that is produced by your speech synthesizer.  Use your arrow keys to change the volume, then press TAB to move on to the next dialog option.  Higher numbers increase the level of speech volume while lower numbers decrease the loudness of output.  Many synthesizers also have a built-in volume knob which must be adjusted before this setting can be used.

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 Rate Scroll Bar

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.1

The Rate Scroll Bar is used to adjust the rate or speed of speaking.  Use your arrow keys to change the setting, then press TAB to move on to the next dialog option.  Higher numbers increase the rate at which words are spoken while lower numbers decrease the number of words that are spoken per minute.

Tip!  To move more rapidly through the settings on the scroll bar, use your PAGE UP and PAGE DOWN.

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Pitch Scroll Bar

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.1

The Pitch Scroll Bar is used to adjust the pitch of spoken words.  Pitch is easier to explain when thinking in terms of singing.  A bass singer has a very low pitch voice while a soprano sings very high musical notes.  Lowering the setting for pitch makes the synthesizer sound more like a bass, while increasing the setting makes the speech output sound more like a soprano.  Raising the pitch level to the top of its range may give the synthesizer certain childlike qualities.  Use your arrow keys to change the setting, then press TAB to move on to the next dialog option.

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Voice Combo Box

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.1

The Voice Combo Box is used to choose a speaking voice for the synthesizer.  The number of available voice selections and their names vary from synthesizer to synthesizer, and you will need to try the voices that are listed to learn about how they sound.  Use your arrow keys to change the voice selection, then press TAB to move on to the next dialog option.

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Punctuation Combo Box

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.1

The Punctuation Combo Box is used to determine how many of the punctuation symbols and other special characters are to be spoken.  A setting of zero turns off the speaking of punctuation.  Use your arrow keys to change the selection, then press TAB to move on to the next dialog option.

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OK Button

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.1

The OK Button is used to indicate that you are satisfied with the changes you have made, and that you are ready to exit the dialog.  Your changes are automatically saved when you use this button.

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Cancel Button

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.1

The Cancel Button is used to indicate that you want to exit the dialog and you do not want the changes you made to be saved or used.

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Help Button

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.1

When you press the Help Button, you activate a help window that describes the general use of the dialog box.  If you want specific help about an option, move the selection cursor to the item, and press F1 for context sensitive help.

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Keyboard Dialog

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.2

Settings in the Keyboard Dialog determine the voice characteristics of information that is spoken as you type text and numbers.  Settings in the Keyboard dialog only affect speech that occurs as you type.  There are additional settings that determine what is spoken as you type, and these settings are listed in the User Options Dialog of the JAWS Options menu.  The use of dialog options for Volume, Rate, Pitch, Voice, Punctuation, OK, Cancel, and Help are the same as was described in the section on the Global dialog.  For specific information on these dialog options, use your TAB and ENTER to choose one of the topics shown on this page.

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PC Cursor Dialog

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.3

Settings in the PC Cursor Dialog determine the voice characteristics of information that is spoken when you use the PC cursor.  The majority of screen reading is done with the PC cursor, and the options in this dialog determine how the synthesizer speaks when the PC cursor is used.  There is an additional setting that determines whether speech pad keys will interrupt the speaking of information when they are pressed.  The Reading Interrupt Dialog Option in the User Options dialog of the Options menu contains this setting.  The use of dialog options for

 Volume, Rate, Pitch, Voice, Punctuation, OK, Cancel, and Help are the same as was described in the section on the Global dialog.  For specific information on these dialog options, use your TAB and ENTER to choose one of the topics shown on this page.

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JAWS Cursor Dialog

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.4

The JAWS Cursor Dialog is used to adjust the characteristics of speech output that you hear when the JAWS cursor is active.  Some JAWS users give the JAWS cursor a somewhat different voice quality to serve as an auditory reminder that they are using the JAWS cursor for reading the desktop.  This provides a subtle reminder of which cursor is active and is being used for reading.  The speech synthesizer can be made to speak faster or slower when the JAWS Cursor is active and it can be given a totally different voice.  The use of dialog options for

 Volume, Rate, Pitch, Voice, Punctuation, OK, Cancel, and Help are the same as was described in the section on the Global dialog.  For specific information on these dialog options, use your TAB and ENTER to choose one of the topics shown on this page.

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Uppercase

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 4.5

The Uppercase Dialog is used to determine whether uppercase letters will be read in a higher pitched voice when they are spoken.  A setting of zero means that this feature is turned off.  The use of dialog options for OK, Cancel, and Help are the same as was described in the section on the Global dialog.  For specific information on these dialog options, use your TAB and ENTER to choose one of the topics shown on this page.

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OPTIONS MENU

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 5

The Options Menu contains the User Options dialog which lists a variety of settings that determines how JAWS responds as you use your computer. Choose one of the user options listed below for additional information, or use your browse buttons to read a description of all of the options.  If you need general information about using the menu bar and its menus, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Using the JAWS Menu Bar.

Typing Echo  Typing Interrupt  Reading Interrupt  Key Repeat  Screen Echo  Verbosity Level  OK Button  Cancel Button  Help Button

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Typing Echo

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 5.1

The setting you choose for Typing Echo determines how JAWS speaks as you type on the keyboard.  When this setting is set to "characters", JAWS speaks each individual letter, number, and punctuation character that you type.  When this setting is set to "off", then JAWS remains silent as you type.  When typing echo is set to "words", JAWS will not speak the individual characters as they are typed, but waits until the SPACEBAR is pressed and then speaks the group of previously typed characters.

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Typing Interrupt

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 5.2

The use of Typing Interrupt is directly linked to your setting for typing echo.  If the setting for typing echo is turned off and nothing is spoken as you type, then the typing interrupt setting does not have an effect on speech output.  If typing echo is on, then this setting determines whether all of your typing is spoken or whether speech can be interrupted.  For example, if the setting for typing echo causes individual characters to be spoken as you type them and the setting for typing interrupt is off, then JAWS keeps up with your typing no matter how fast you type.  If typing interrupt is on, then JAWS speaks every character you type and its speaking may lag behind your typing.  If you want to be sure of every character you type, then you would want to have the setting for typing interrupt turned off.

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Reading Interrupt

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 5.3

When the setting for Reading Interrupt is on, then JAWS stops the current speaking of information whenever a speech pad key is pressed.  For example, if you are using your DOWN ARROW to move down through a list of names, you may not want to listen to all of the information on each line.  When reading interrupt is on, then JAWS starts speaking the next line of information as soon as the DOWN ARROW is pressed, even if there is additional information from the previous line that has not been spoken.  When reading interrupt is off, then JAWS reads all information regardless of how fast you press the DOWN ARROW.

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Key Repeat

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 5.4

The setting for Key Repeat determines how your keyboard responds when a key is continually held down.  If this check box is checked, then you can hold down a key and produce a series of repeated characters such as a string of PERIODS.  When it is unchecked, then each keystroke produces one character regardless of how long the key is held down.  Keeping the key repeat check box unchecked may prevent new keyboard users from accidentally typing multiple characters.

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Screen Echo

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 5.5

When information on the desktop changes, such as when a dialog box is displayed or a block of text is inserted into a document, you can determine whether some or all of this information is spoken.  If you set Screen Echo to read all desktop changes, then everything that appears on the desktop will be spoken as it is displayed.  If you choose to only have highlighted information spoken, then much less information is spoken.  If you do not wish to have any information automatically spoken, then set screen echo to "none".  A setting of "all" is often appropriate when using a telecommunications program.

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Verbosity Level

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 5.6

You can control the amount of descriptive information that JAWS speaks by choosing a Verbosity Level.  The "highest level" provides the maximum information about the Windows desktop.  The "intermediate level" and "lowest level" provide progressively less information.  Those who are very familiar with the Windows environment may want to use the intermediate or lowest level.

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UTILITIES MENU

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 6

The Utilities Menu is used to activate software programs called JAWS utility programs.  These programs are used for activities such as editing JAWS macro files and graphics label files.  If you need general information about using the menu bar and its menus, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Using the JAWS Menu Bar.

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Macro Editor

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 6.1

The JAWS Macro Editor is  a text editor that is used for creating and modifying JAWS macros.  Macros are sets of instructions that determine how and when JAWS reads the desktop.  The use of the JAWS macro editor and the JAWS Macro Functions are fully described in the JAWS Technical Reference.  The macro editor also can be used for general text editing activities.  Choose Macro Editor for specific information about JAWS macros and the JAWS macro editor.

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Graphics Editor

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 6.2

The JAWS Graphics Editor is used for two activities.  It can be used to merge two graphics label files, or it can be used to edit the existing entries in a graphics label file.  It can not be used to create new labels.  The simplest and quickest method for creating and/or editing a single graphics label is to use the Graphics Wizard.  For information about labeling graphics, choose Using the Graphics Wizard.  For information about editing graphics label files, choose Using the Graphics Editor.

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HELP MENU OF JAWS

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 7

Several types of help can be started from the JAWS Help Menu.  In addition, context help and screen sensitive help can be used at any time to learn about the use of an application program features or the keyboard commands that are appropriate for the current situation.  Choose Using Help for an overview of all types of help, or use your browse buttons to read about each of the items in the JAWS Help menu.  If you need general information about using the menu bar and its menus, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Using the JAWS Menu Bar.

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Contents Menu Item

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 7.1

When you choose Contents from the JAWS Help menu, you activate the JAWS help system.  The JAWS help system can be thought of as the instruction manual for JAWS.  It actually contains the JAWS manuals and can be used, for example, to read chapters from a manual or to search for information on a specific topic.  The JAWS help system also contains tips for using help that were specifically written for JAWS users.  When you finish using the JAWS help system, press ALT+F4 to exit the help system.

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Quick Reference menu Item

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 7.2

When you choose Quick Reference from the JAWS Help menu, you can read through a list of JAWS and Windows commands.  The quick reference is designed as a resource tool for those who already understand the use of JAWS and Windows.  When you finish using the quick reference section of the JAWS help system, press ALT+F4 to exit the help system.

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Changes Menu Item

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 7.3

When you choose Changes from the JAWS Help menu, you activate a resource that contains information about JAWS that may not be included in the printed manuals.  Information in this resource is most useful to persons who have just updated their JAWS software to the latest version.

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Customer Support Menu Item

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 7.4

When you choose Customer Support from the JAWS Help menu, you can read information about how to contact Henter-Joyce when you need assistance with solving problems related to JAWS for Windows.

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About JAWS for Windows Menu Item

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 7.5

When you choose About JAWS for Windows from the JAWS Help menu, you can read your JAWS version number and your JAWS serial number.

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APPLICATION CONTROL MENU

JAWS BASICS Chapter 4 Section 8

An Application Control Menu is available in all Windows applications.  It is used to adjust the size of the application window, to move the application window, and to switch to other applications.  JAWS users may need to use this menu to improve the readability of the desktop when using some applications .  Choose Readability for additional information about using this menu to make the information in the active window more readable.  If you need general information about using the JAWS menu bar and its menus, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose JAWS Menu Bar.  Choose Macro Editor Menu Bar for help with using the JAWS macro editor menu bar.

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TECHNICAL REFERENCE - Chapter List

Choose a chapter from the JAWS Technical Reference.

Chapter 1:  JAWS Program Files

Chapter 2:  JAWS Macro Editor

Chapter 3:  JAWS Macro Functions

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TECHNICAL REFERENCE - Contents of Chapter 1

JAWS PROGRAM FILES

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use theBrowse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

2.   SUBDIRECTORY STRUCTURE

3.   LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF PROGRAM FILES

4.   GRAPHICS EDITOR USE

5.   ADDING JAWS TO PROGRAM MANAGER

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INTRODUCTION TO JAWS PROGRAM FILES

TECH REF Chapter 1 Section 1

This chapter identifies the various program files and subdirectories that are used by JAWS.  It also explains the way in which these files are used to manage screen reading activities and speech synthesizer performance.

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JAWS SUBDIRECTORY STRUCTURE

TECH REF Chapter 1 Section 2

The JAWS program files are usually installed in the "C:\JFW" subdirectory.  A different drive and subdirectory can be specified during program installation.

The "\JFW" subdirectory contains various Executable Program Files and a variety of Dynamic-Link Library Files (DLL), in addition to containing several Subdirectory Branches.  The JFW subdirectories are listed below.  Each subdirectory contains one or more secondary subdirectories which contain files for specific languages.  For example, "\ENU" contains English language files for the United States.  The names of all language subdirectories follow the standard language abbreviations used in Windows.

\JFW\HELP

= Location of on-line help files for JFW.

\JFW\MANUALS

= Location of electronic text files for JAWS documentation.

\JFW\SETTINGS

= Location of settings files and macro files.

\JFW\TECNOTES

= Location of technical bulletins on topics not included in the manuals

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LOCATION AND FUNCTION OF JAWS PROGRAM FILES

TECH REF Chapter 1 Section 3

FILES IN \JFW

JFW.EXE = Executable JAWS program file.

JFW.INI = Initial setup file for JAWS.

This file can be edited with a text editor.  If you wish to change synthesizer drivers without re-installing JAWS, then you can edit this file.  To change synthesizers, you must change the name of the synthesizer driver that is specified in this file, and you must have the corresponding ".DLL" and ".INI" files.  Often a corresponding "SSIL.DLL" is also needed.  Please see the technical bulletin "SYNTH01.TXT" for additional information.  It is located in your language subdirectory of "\JFW\TECNOTES".

MACROED.EXE = JAWS macro editor.

SynthesizerDriverName.DLL = Synthesizer driver file.

 The corresponding synthesizer driver file that matches the synthesizer driver name in your "JFW.INI" must be in your "\JFW" subdirectory.

SynthesizerDriverName.INI = Synthesizer initial setup file.

 The synthesizer driver specified in "JFW.INI" points to this file, and the filename and driver name must be the same.  If you wish to change synthesizers without re-installing JAWS, then all of the driver names in this file must be changed so that they match the SynthesizerDriverName.DLL and SynthesizerDriverName.INI".  Please see the technical bulletin "SYNTH01.TXT" in you language subdirectory of "\JFW\TECNOTES" subdirectory for additional information.

SSIL.DLL = Dynamic-link library file for the synthesizer driver.

 All synthesizers require a SynthesizerDriverName.DLL, SynthesizerDriverName.INI, and some require a corresponding SSIL.DLL file in order to work properly.  Dynamic-link library files are called upon as needed by "JFW.EXE".

CHANGES.TXT = Notes about new features in JAWS.

FILES IN \JFW\HELP

This subdirectory contains files for the JAWS help system.

FILES IN \JFW\MANUALS

The files in this subdirectory are text files for the various JAWS Manuals.  The "00READ.LST" file in the "\JFW\MANUALS" subdirectory lists each text file, its chapter title, and the manual from which it was taken.

FILES IN \JFW\SETTINGS

DEFAULT.JCF = Text file that contains synthesizer settings.

 This file is updated when settings are saved.  It also can be edited with a text editor.

DEFAULT.JMS = JAWS macro source file.

This is a text version of the JAWS macro file.  This file is edited when you use the JAWS macro editor.

DEFAULT.JMB = JAWS macro binary file.

This file is the binary version of the JAWS macro source file.  It is compiled automatically each time you use the Save dialog of the JAWS macro editor.

GRAPHIC00?.JGF = JAWS graphics file.

This file contains the labels that are spoken by JAWS to identify graphics.  All graphics labels for all applications are stored in this file.  Please see the technical bulletin "GRAPH01.TXT" located in the "\JFW\TECNOTES" subdirectory for additional information.

FUNCTIONS.JML = Functions of the JAWS macro language.

It lists all the macro functions that can be used when creating JAWS macros.

PROGMAN.JMS = JAWS macro source for Program Manager.

PROGMAN.JMB = JAWS macro binary used when running Program Manager.

The "DEFAULT.JMB" file is always in use regardless of the Windows application you are using.  An additional "JMB" file also may be used for each specific application.  "PROGMAN.JMB" is a file of this type.  Each time you activate a Windows application, JAWS searches for a related set of application settings files.  For example, when you activate Program Manager, JAWS looks for a "PROGMAN.Jmb" file.  If it exists, then JAWS loads it.  The application settings files are then used in conjunction with the "DEFAULT.Jmb" files.

For example, when you press a key such as CONTROL+F4, JAWS responds with the following procedure.

a.	JAWS first looks in the "ApplicationFileName.JMB" file to see whether it contains a macro for CONTROL+F4.  If it is present, then it executes the macro.

b.	If the macro was not present in the application's macro binary, then JAWS looks in the "DEFAULT.JMB" file.  If JAWS does not find a macro with that name, then it passes the CONTROL+F4 on to the application which then responds.

There are two major advantages to using this macro strategy.  First, when you make a change in the default macro file, the change applies to all applications, so that it is not necessary to modify macro files for each application individually.  Secondly, application macro files can be very small.  They can, for example, just contain the special purpose macros that are only needed when using the application.  These short macro files are easier to read and edit.

FILES IN \JFW\TECNOTES

The text files in this subdirectory contain technical information that will change along with program improvements, or which only applies to unusual situations or to specific technical problems.

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GRAPHICS EDITOR USE

TECH REF Chapter 1 Section 4

The Graphics Editor is activated from the Utilities menu of the JAWS application window.  The editor is designed to meet two needs:  to merge two graphics label files such as an old file with a new file, and to edit the entries in a single file.  When you activate the graphics editor, it displays an opening dialog box.  You use this box to choose between the options of "merging" and "editing".

Use your browse buttons to read about merging and editing, or choose Merging Graphics Files or Editing Graphics Files.

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Merging Graphics Files

TECH REF Chapter 1 Section 4.1

When you press the Merge Button, it displays the Merge dialog box.  There are two dialog options for specifying the files that are to be merged, and a button which begins the merge process.  Both of the File buttons display a standard File Selection dialog.  After choosing one of the File Selection buttons, type the name of a graphics label file in the edit field or press TAB to move to the list box and choose a file from the file list.  Repeat this process to specify the name of the second file which is to be merged.  Information about the name of default graphics label files is presented in the technical bulletin "GRAPH01.TXT" located in the \JFW\TECNOTES subdirectory.  Information in this file will help you properly name the new file that is created when the file merging has been completed.

After specifying the two files, then press the Merge button.  If the editor finds duplicate labels, as the files are being merged, then the process will pause and you will be asked to choose the graphics label you wish to keep.  After you make your choice, then the process continues again.

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Editing a Graphics Label File

TECH REF Chapter 1 Section 4.2

When you choose the Edit Button, the Edit dialog is displayed.  Use the File button to display the File Selection dialog and either type the name of a graphics label file in the edit field or press TAB to move to the list box and choose a name from the file list.  Information about the name of default graphics label files is presented in the technical bulletin "GRAPH01.TXT" located in the \JFW\TECNOTES subdirectory.

After specifying a graphics label file, then press the Edit button.  At this point you will be able to scroll through the entire list of labels in the file.  To edit an entry, move the PC cursor to the label you wish to edit, press INSERT+SPEECH PAD MINUS to route the JAWS cursor to the PC cursor, then double click SPEECH PAD SLASH (the left mouse button).  Edit the entry, and press ENTER when you have finished.  Labels in the list are alphabetized, and your label may be moved to a new location in the list as soon as your editing is completed.

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ADDING JAWS TO PROGRAM MANAGER

TECH REF Chapter 1 Section 5

If you installed JAWS from a DOS prompt, then a JFW group was not created in Windows Program Manager.  If you wish to create a JFW group and a JAWS program icon, then follow the steps presented in this section.

CREATING A JFW PROGRAM GROUP

a.	Activate Program Manager.

b.	Press ALT+F to display the Files menu.  Press N to choose the New Program Object dialog.

c.	Use your UP ARROW to select the New Program Group radio button.  Press ENTER to display the dialog for creating the new program group.

d.	In the "description" edit field of the dialog type the uppercase letters "JFW" and press ENTER.  The group is immediately created and your selection cursor points to the new JFW group.

CREATING A JAWS PROGRAM ITEM

a.	While your selection cursor still points to the JFW program group, press ALT+F to activate the Files menu and press N to choose the New Program Object dialog.  The selection cursor should already be pointing to the Program Item dialog, so press ENTER to display the dialog.

b.	Fill in the dialog options as shown below.

Program Description = JAWS

(Use uppercase letters.)  This is the text label that Program Manager will display with the JAWS icon.

Command Line = C:\JFW\JFW.EXE

This is the name of the JAWS program.  If you did not install JAWS on the C: drive or in the \JFW subdirectory, then make changes as needed in this command.

Working Directory =	Leave this blank.

Shortcut Key = [optional]

If you indicate a shortcut key, then this key can be used to start JAWS from anywhere in Program Manager.  Press TAB to move onto the OK button if you do not want a shortcut key, or press one of the combination of keys shown below to setup a shortcut key.  The "character" can be any letter, number, or special character.  If you just press a character key in the Shortcut Key box, then Program Manager automatically adds CONTROL+ALT in front of it.

CONTROL+ALT+character

CONTROL+SHIFT+character

ALT+SHIFT+character

CONTROL+ALT+SHIFT+character

Run Minimized = [not checked]

Leave this check box unchecked.

c.	The last step is to choose the OK Button to save your changes.  The JAWS program item is immediately displayed in the open JFW program group.  If JAWS is not already running, you can press ENTER to start JAWS.

ADDING JAWS TO THE PROGRAM MANAGER STARTUP GROUP

Program items that appear in the Startup group of Program Manager are automatically loaded (started) every time Windows starts.  If you copy the JAWS program item into the Startup group then JAWS starts when Windows starts.  To do this, follow these steps.

a.	Use your PC cursor to point to the JAWS program item in the JFW group of Program Manager.

b.	Press ALT+F to activate the Files menu, and press C to use the Copy dialog.  This dialog is used to copy program items from one group to another.

c.	Your selection cursor is placed at the top of a list that contains the names of all groups in Program Manager.  Press DOWN ARROW until you find "Startup", and then press ENTER to choose this group name.  The JAWS program item is immediately copied into the Startup group, and JAWS will then be started automatically when you next start Windows.

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TECHNICAL REFERENCE - Contents of Chapter 2

JAWS MACRO EDITOR

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use theBrowse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

2.   WHAT IS A MACRO?

3.   STRUCTURE OF A JAWS MACRO

4.   TYPES OF MACRO FILES

5.   USING THE MACRO EDITOR

6.   MACRO EDITOR MENU BAR

6.1  Files Menu

6.2  Edit Menu

6.3  Search Menu

6.4  Options Menu

6.5  Help Menu

7.   TEXT SELECTION AND EDITING KEYS

8.   DEVELOPING NEW MACROS

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INTRODUCTION TO THE MACRO EDITOR

TECH REF Chapter 1 Section 1

This chapter introduces JAWS macros and describes the use of the JAWS macro editor.  It describes the parts of a macro and offers general suggestions for developing new macros.  For information about JAWS macro functions and valid macro keys, choose JAWS Macro Functions.

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WHAT IS A MACRO?

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 2.2

Before talking about how to use macros, it will be useful to define the term "macro".  A Macro is simply a sequence of actions that are grouped together into a single operation.  The purpose of a macro is to save time by automating tasks that you could do manually.  A macro, for example, can reduce thirty key strokes into one key stroke.

A macro completes the same kind of activities you perform when you are using your keyboard, however, the macro can perform the activities almost instantaneously.  A macro can enter key strokes, activate functions, and even make simple decisions.

 	The concept of a macro can be demonstrated by looking at a common human activity.  The human "tooth brush" macro is performed every morning by millions of people and contains concepts that are quite similar to those used in computer macros.  The toothbrush macro begins as you start to look for your tooth brush, and then continues through the following steps.

a.	Pick up toothbrush.

b.	Pick up toothpaste.

c.	Remove the cap from the toothpaste tube.

d.	Squeeze toothpaste tube and deposit toothpaste on toothbrush.

e.	Replace the cap on the toothpaste tube and set the tube down.

f.	Brush teeth, as instructed by your dentist.

g.	After completing the brushing sequence, rinse mouth and toothbrush with water.

h.	Place tooth brush back in its proper location.

You can think of each of the above steps as a set of individual activities, or you can consider them to be one activity, i.e. brushing your teeth.  If you put the individual steps together and give them a name, then you are doing the same thing that is done when you create a macro.  The toothbrush macro is also like a computer macro in one additional way.  Most of the time, when you perform the toothbrush macro, you do so without thinking about the steps.  Similarly, when you use a computer macro you don't have to give much thought to the steps that are being performed, you just need to think about what the macro can do for you.

A macro can be divided into two parts:  the "macro key" and the "macro definition".  The key or combination of keys that you press to start a macro is called the Macro Key.  The set of key strokes and related activities that are executed when the macro key is pressed is called the Macro Definition.  We may, from time to time, simply use the term "macro" in a general way to refer to both the macro key and its definition.

Almost any key on your keyboard or combination of keys can be used for a macro key.  The letter keys, number keys, punctuation keys, cursor keys, and function keys can be used as macro keys.  You also can use these same keys in combination with the CONTROL, SHIFT, ALT, and INSERT to create multiple macros for the same keys of the keyboard.  Additionally, You can combine SHIFT, ALT, CONTROL, and INSERT with one another.  For example, you can use ALT+INSERT+LEFT ARROW as a macro key.

Based on the preceding information, it becomes clear that many of the keys that are used to move the PC cursor and the JAWS cursor, and to read the desktop are actually macro keys.  As a result, the functions performed by the standard JAWS keyboard layout can be modified to meet specific needs and preferences, and it is even possible to create a completely different Keyboard Layout.

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STRUCTURE OF A JAWS MACRO

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 3

When you create or edit macros, you are working with text files.  The Macro Text Files are automatically converted into binary files when you save your work with the JAWS macro editor.  The example that follows is taken from the default set of JAWS macros.  It shows the proper Structure of a JAWS Macro.  The macro text is displayed in the same way that it would appear when being read with the JAWS macro editor.

# This is for the PAGE DOWN key of the speech pad

MacroBegin

{Page Down}

SayString("page down")

JAWSPageDown()

MacroEnd

Macros make sense when they are broken down into their component parts.  To understand this macro, you need to understand the purpose and function of each part of the macro.  Each line of the macro is described below.

Line 1:

# This is for the PAGE DOWN key of the speech pad

Any line in a macro file that begins with a "#" (number sign) is a Remark Line. It is written for the use of the person editing the macro.  The preceding line simply indicates that this macro is executed when the PAGE DOWN on the speech pad is pressed.  Macros also should be separated by blank lines, and a blank line should precede this line.

Line 2:

MacroBegin

This line indicates the actual Beginning Point of the Macro.  It is required in every macro.

Line 3:

{Page Down}

This line identifies the macro key.  The name of the key must be surrounded by braces "{  }" as is shown here.  If you want to use a combination of keys for the macro key on this line, for example, the INSERT with the PAGE DOWN, then it would be written as:  {INSERT+PAGE DOWN}.  A macro key such as {INSERT+CONTROL+PAGE DOWN} could also be used.  This macro key means that you must hold down both the INSERT and the CONTROL before pressing the PAGE DOWN.  In addition to using a macro key, you can also indicate a macro event, i.e. if a certain condition occurs on the desktop, then the macro will respond.  Choose List of Macro Keys or Event Macro Names for additional information.  Text in a macro can be either uppercase or lowercase.

Line 4:

SayString("page down")

The expression "SayString" is a macro function.  This specific macro function performs the task of sending a string of text to the speech synthesizer so it can be spoken.  Macro functions often must be followed by a Parameter that is enclosed within parentheses "(  )" as shown above.  In many cases, a parameter is not indicated, however the parentheses are still required.  In this specific case the text string must also be enclosed by quotation marks since this is text that is to be spoken.

Line 5:

JAWSPageDown()

This is a macro function that initiates the page down command.  Since this is a "JAWS Page Down" function, it performs different activities depending on cursor status.  When the JAWS cursor is active, it will move the JAWS cursor to the bottom of the active window.  When the PC cursor is active, it will send a standard page down command to the Windows application.

Line 6:

MacroEnd

This required line indicates the Ending Point of the Macro.  This line should be followed by a blank line to separate it from the next macro.

The concept of macros is universal.  Many software programs have a facility for creating macros, however, their potential uses are not identical.  For example, a JAWS macro can read the title of a window or announce the status of a check box in a dialog, but a WordPerfect macro cannot perform these functions.  A JAWS macro, however, could be used to execute most any function of Microsoft Word, WordPerfect, or most any other application software program.  JAWS macros actually offer greater versatility than other types of macros, because they can blend screen reading functions with application software functions to create powerful tools.

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MACRO FILE TYPES

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 4

When you edit macros, you are working with a specific type of text file called a JAWS Macro Source File.  These files have the file name extension of "JMS".  When you use the macro editor to save a file with the extension of "JMS", it saves the text file and automatically compiles it into the binary file that is use by JAWS.  JAWS Macro Binary Files have filename extensions of "JMB".  If you use the macro editor with files that do not have the filename extension of "JMS", then the files are not compiled when they are saved.

The file "DEFAULT.JMS" is the Default JAWS Macro Source File that is compiled by the macro editor to create "DEFAULT.JMB".  The "DEFAULT.JMB" is always in use regardless of the Windows application you are using.  Other application "JMB" files are automatically loaded when you start Windows applications.

Application "JMB" files are used concurrently with the "DEFAULT.JMB" file.  When you press a macro key, JAWS first looks at the application "JMB" file (if there is one) to find a corresponding macro. If a macro is not present, then JAWS looks at the "DEFAULT.JMB".  If a macro is not present in the default macro file, then JAWS passes the key stroke to the Windows application for processing.

You can use any text editor to edit a "JMS" file, however the macros can only be converted into a "JMB" file by the JAWS macro editor.  If you use an editor such as Windows Notepad when editing macros, then you still need to use the JAWS macro editor to compile the file.  Thus, you must activate the JAWS macro editor, open your file, and then save it with the macro editor.

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MACRO EDITOR USAGE

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 5

The JAWS macro editor is a full function Windows text editor that is used whenever you need to create new macros or to modify the functioning of existing macros.  Use the following steps when creating or editing macros.

a.	Switch to the JAWS application window with ALT+TAB or by using the Windows Task Manager.

b.	Press ALT+M to select the Macro menu and press ENTER to start the macro editor.

c.	At this point the edit field is empty and you can begin writing macros.  If you wish to edit an existing macro file, then press ALT+F to select the Files menu, and then choose the Open dialog.  The dialog will display all files in the \JFW\SETTINGS\ENU subdirectory that have the filename extension of "JMS".  These files are JAWS macro source files.  Use your TAB to move to the list box that lists the filenames and choose the file you wish to edit.

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MACRO EDITOR MENU BAR

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 6

The Macro Editor Menu Bar uses a standard Windows structure.  Its menus and dialogs use standard menu bar keys as shown below.

Activate the Menu Bar = ALT or F10

Cancel the Use of the Menu Bar = ALT, F10 or ESCAPE

Move Between Menu Names on the Menu Bar

= LEFT ARROW or RIGHT ARROW

Choose the Selected Menu Name from the Menu Bar = ENTER

 You can also press a selection character to select and choose a menu in one step, such as ALT+F for the Files menu.

Move Between Menu Items in a Menu

 = UP ARROW or DOWN ARROW

Choose the Selected Dialog Name or Command from a Menu = ENTER

 You can also press a selection character to select and choose a menu item from the menu in one step.  Selection characters are usually the first letter of menu items.

Cancel the Use of a Menu = ESCAPE or ALT

Identify All Dialog Options in a Dialog = INSERT+B

This JAWS command reads the dialog options in the order in which they would be encountered when the TAB key is used.  The selection cursor does not move from its current location when this command is used.

Move to the Next Dialog Option = TAB

Move to the Previous Dialog Option = SHIFT+TAB

Screen Sensitive Help for Using Commands in a Dialog = INSERT+F1

 	JAWS describes the current dialog option and explains how it is to be used.

Context Help for the Function of Dialog Options = F1

Cancel the Use of a Dialog = ESCAPE

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Files Menu of the Macro Editor

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 6.1

The menu items in the files menu are very similar to those in Windows Notepad and other text applications.

New = Clear the document window.

Open = Open an existing file.

Save = Save the current file under its current name.

 When you save a JAWS macro file with the filename extension of "JMS", the text is compiled and saved in a "JMB" file.  If errors are found in the "JMS" file, then you are informed of the error type, and your insertion point is placed on the line where the error was found.  Binary files are compiled even when errors are identified in "JMS" files.

Save As = Save the current document under a new name.

 Your text is simultaneously compiled and saved in a "JMB" file when the filename has a "JMS" filename extension.  Files with other filename extensions are not compiled.

Exit = Quit the editor.

If you need general information about using the JAWS macro editor menu bar, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Macro Menu Bar.

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Edit Menu of the Macro Editor

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 6.2

The Edit Menu is used to edit text.  Text which is to be cut, copied, or deleted must be "selected" before these operations can be performed.  Choose Text Selection for additional information about text selection and editing keys.

Undo = Restore the last editing action.

Cut = Remove the selected text from the document.

You must first use the standard Windows text selection keys to select text before it can be cut.  Information that is cut can be pasted into a new location.

Copy = Make a copy of the selected text.

You must select the text that is to be copied with the standard text selection keys of Windows.  Information that is copied can be pasted into a new location.

Paste = Insert previously cut or copied text into a document.

 Be sure your insertion point is at the exact location where text is to be inserted before you choose paste.

Delete = Delete selected text from the document.

Deleted text cannot be pasted back into the document.  Deleted text, however, can be restored with the Undo function if it is used before another editing function has been used.

Select All = Selects all text in the document.

The selected text then can be copied or cut.

If you need general information about using the JAWS macro editor menu bar, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Macro Menu Bar.

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Search Menu of the Macro Editor

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 6.3

Find = Use dialog to set up a text search.

Find Next = Use previous search criteria to locate the next occurrence of text.

Replace = Search for text and replace it with new text.

If you need general information about using the JAWS macro editor menu bar, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Macro Menu Bar.

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Options Menu of the Macro Editor

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 6.4

Color = Use dialog to set screen color for the macro editor.

Font = Use dialog to set font type and size for the macro editor.

If you need general information about using the JAWS macro editor menu bar, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Macro Menu Bar.

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Help Menu of the Macro Editor

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 6.5

Contents = Open the help system for the macro editor.

 The macro editor shares help files with the JAWS help system.  Once macro editor help has been activated, you always can return to the macro editor opening menu by pressing "M" on your keyboard or by pressing the "Macro Help" button on the tool bar.

About = Copyright notice of the macro editor.

If you need general information about using the JAWS macro editor menu bar, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Menu Bar.

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Application Control Menu of the Macro Editor

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 6.6

An Application Control Menu is available in all Windows applications.  It is used to adjust the size of the application window, to move the application window, and to switch to other applications.  JAWS users may need to use this menu to improve the readability of the desktop when using some applications .  Choose Readability for additional information about using this menu to make the information in the active window more readable.  If you need general information about using the JAWS macro editor menu bar, then use your TAB and ENTER to choose Menu Bar.

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TEXT SELECTION/EDITING WITH MACRO EDITOR

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 7

These Text Selection Keys can be used with the JAWS macro editor.  These are standard Windows text selection keys.

When you begin to select text with one of these commands, the text you select begins at the location of the insertion point.  If text is already selected, then the use of the command cancels the previous selection.  Selecting text means that you are highlighting it (or blocking it) in preparation for doing something with the text.

Examples:

To delete a word, place your cursor at the beginning of the word and press SHIFT+CONTROL+RIGHT ARROW to select the word.  Then choose one of the delete commands.

To copy three lines of text, place your cursor at the beginning of the first line to be copied, then hold down SHIFT while you press DOWN ARROW four times.  Do not release the SHIFT key until you are finished selecting text.  Release the SHIFT when the cursor is at the proper location, and choose one of the copy commands.  If you select the wrong text it is easy to start over, because the previously selected text is cancelled as soon as you press SHIFT with another text selection key.

List of Text Selection Keys

Select One Line of Text Up or Down

= SHIFT+UP ARROW or SHIFT+DOWN ARROW

Select Text from the Insertion Point to the Beginning of the Line

 = SHIFT+HOME

Select Text from the Insertion Point to the End of the Line

 = SHIFT+END

Select the Previous Word = CONTROL+SHIFT+LEFT ARROW

Select the Next Word = CONTROL+SHIFT+RIGHT ARROW

Select Text from the Insertion Point to the Beginning of the Document

 = CONTROL+SHIFT+HOME

Select Text from the Insertion Point to the End of the Document

 = CONTROL+SHIFT+END

Delete the Character to the Left of the Insertion Point or Delete Selected Text

 = BACKSPACE

Delete the Character to the Right of the Insertion Point or Delete Selected Text

 = ALT+DELETE

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DEVELOPING NEW MACROS

TECH REF Chapter 2 Section 8

The best way to learn about the techniques that are used in JAWS Macro Programming is to spend some time studying the macros in the "DEFAULT. JMS" file.  Read the macros and follow the steps they contain from beginning to end.  If you do not understand the meaning of a macro function, then you can choose Macro Functions to look it up, or you can review the file "FUNCTIONS.JML" located in \JFW\SETTINGS\ENU.  This file contains the most up to date list of macro functions that are available in the JAWS Macro Language.  The list of macro functions contains examples to stimulate thinking about the use of macro functions.

Once you understand the purpose of the macro functions and you understand how they can be put together to perform tasks, then the next step is to study your application programs.  When you find a situation where your productivity can be enhanced with a new macro, then you need to analyze the activity.  You need to breakdown the activity into its individual steps.  You need to answer the types of questions presented below in order to create effective macros.

a.	What is the exact task you are trying to complete?  Be as specific as possible.

b.	What specific keys do you need to press and in what order must they be pressed to accomplish the specific task?

c.	Do you want JAWS to speak?  If so, then do you want JAWS to speak a string of text that is built into the macro or to read something from the desktop?

d.	If the macro must make a decision based on the status of your application program, then what information on the desktop can JAWS check in order to decide which response is appropriate?

The preceding list of questions is not comprehensive, but it can help point you in the proper direction.  A certain amount of creativity is also helpful when creating macros.  Don't be afraid to try a new macro.  If it doesn't work, then you can always remove it from the macro file.

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TECHNICAL REFERENCE - Contents of Chapter 3

JAWS MACRO KEYS AND JAWS MACRO FUNCTIONS

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use theBrowse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

2.   LIST OF MACRO KEY NAMES

3.   LIST OF EVENT MACRO NAMES

4.   LIST OF MACRO OPERATORS

5.   LIST OF MACRO USER FUNCTIONS

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INTRODUCTION TO JAWS MACRO KEYS AND MACRO FUNCTIONS

TECH REF Chapter 3 Section 1

This chapter Lists the keys and functions that can be included in JAWS macros.  If you need a general description of JAWS macros and the JAWS macro editor, choose Macros and the Macro Editor.  The JAWS macro source file "DEFAULT.JMS" should be consulted whenever additional information about the functions in this chapter is needed.

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MACRO KEY NAMES

TECH REF Chapter 3 Section 2

Macro key names must always be enclosed within braces "{  }.  If you want to use a combination of keys for the macro key, for example, the {INSERT} with the {PAGE DOWN}, then it would be written as:  {INSERT+PAGE DOWN}.  A macro key such as {INSERT+CONTROL+PAGE DOWN} could also be used.  This macro key means that you must hold down both the {INSERT} and the {CONTROL} before pressing the {PAGE DOWN}.  In addition to using a macro key, you can also indicate a macro event, i.e. if a certain condition occurs on the desktop, then the macro will respond.  Choose Event Macro Names for information about event macros, or browse down to the event macro topic.  As noted in the following list, you often have several alternatives for writing a macro key name.  Alternative macro names are equally valid and can be written in any combination of uppercase and lowercase characters.

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

A

ALT

Apostrophe

'

B

BackSlash

Back Slash

Back-Slash

Back_Slash

BackSpace

Back Space

Back-Space

Back_Space

C

CapsLock

Caps Lock

Caps-Lock

Caps_Lock

Comma

,

CONTROL

CTRL

D

Dash

Delete

DownArrow

Down Arrow

Down-Arrow

Down_Arrow

E

End

Enter

Equals

=

ESC

Escape

F

F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9 F10 F11 F12

G

GRAVE

H

Home

HomeRow

Home Row

Home-Row

Home_Row

I

Insert

J

K

L

LeftArrow

Left Arrow

Left-Arrow

Left_Arrow

LeftBracket

Left Bracket

Left-Bracket

Left_Bracket

[

LeftShift

Left Shift

Left-Shift

Left_Shift

M

N

NumLock

Num Lock

Num-Lock

Num_Lock

Numpad5

Numpad 5

Numpad-5

Numpad_5

NumpadMinus

Numpad Minus

Numpad-Minus

Numpad_Minus

NumpadSlash

Numpad Slash

Numpad-Slash

Numpad_Slash

NumpadStar

Numpad Star

Numpad-Star

Numpad_Star

NumpadPlus

Numpad Plus

Numpad-Plus

Numpad_Plus

O

P

PageDown

Page Down

Page-Down

Page_Down

PageUp

Page Up

Page-Up

Page_Up

Period

.

PrintScreen

Print Screen

Print-Screen

Print_Screen

Q

R

RightArrow

Right Arrow

Right-Arrow

Right_Arrow

RightBracket

Right Bracket

Right-Bracket

Right_Bracket

]

RightShift

Right Shift

Right-Shift

Right_Shift

S

ScrollLock

Scroll Lock

Scroll-Lock

Scroll_Lock

Semicolon

;

SHIFT

SingleQuote

Single Quote

Single-Quote

Single_Quote

'

Slash

/

Space

SpaceBar

SysReq

T

Tab

U

UpArrow

Up Arrow

Up-Arrow

Up_Arrow

V

W

X

Y

Z

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EVENT MACROS

TECH REF Chapter 3 Section 3

In addition to using keyboard commands to trigger macros, JAWS provides several "event macro names".  An Event macro is an activity that JAWS monitors so that when the event occurs, the macro can be triggered.

If you examine the "DEFAULT.JMS" file in your \JFW\SETTINGS\ENU subdirectory, you will find several event macros.  They have names such as {FOCUS CHANGE}, {HIGHLIGHTEDTEXT}, and {TEXT}.  For example, the {HIGHLIGHTEDTEXTmacro is triggered when highlighted text appears in the active window.  The macro uses If-Then-Else statements to analyze the situation and to produce an appropriate response.  Event macros must be enclosed within braces {  } as shown here.

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MACRO OPERATORS

TECH REF Chapter 3 Section 4

Function 1:  -

Description: subtraction operator

Use:  Math equations.

Function 2:  +

Description:  addition operator

Use:  Math equations.

Function 3:  *

Description:  multiplication operator

Use:  Math equations.

Function 4:  /

Description:  division operator

Use:  Math equations.

Function 5:  <

Description:  less than operator

Use:  "If" statements.

Function 6:  <=

Description:  less than or equal to

Use:  "If" statements.

Function 7:  ==

Description:  is equal to

Use:  "If" statements.

Function 8:  >=

Description:  greater than or equal to

Use:  "If" statements.

Function 9:  >

Description:  greater than operator

Use:  "If" statements.

Function 10:  !=

Description:  not equal to

Use:  "If" statements.

Function 11:  &&

Description:  and operator

Use:  "If" statements.

Function 12:  ||

Description:  or operator

Use:  "If" statements.

Function 14:  If

Description:  start of "if-Then-Else" statement

Use:  Start a conditional decision making process.

Function 15:  Else

Description:  optional part of If-Then-Else statement.

Use:  Precedes actions to be completed when the "If" condition is not met.

Function 16:  EndIf

Description:  termination of "If-Then-Else" statement

Use:  Required at the end of an If-Then-Else statement.

Function 17:  Not

Description:  reverses the "If" statement

Use:  Asks the question "If this is not true, then. . ."

Function 18:  While

Description:  start of While loop

Function 19:  EndWhile

Description:  end of While loop

Function 20:  For

Description:  start of For loop

Function 21:  Next

Description:  next

Function 22:  PushInt

Description:  Pushes an integer on the stack.

Function 24:  PushString

Description:  Pushes a pointer to a string on the stack.

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MACRO USER FUNCTIONS

TECH REF Chapter 3 Section 5

All of the following Macro Functions must be followed by a pair of parentheses "(  )".  If a parameter is to be provided for the function, then it is to be placed within the parentheses.  Parameters enclosed in quotation marks are treated as text.  Parentheses should always be used even if they are left empty.  Please refer to "DEFAULT.JMS" in \JFW\SETTINGS\ENU for examples.

Function 50:  ToggleDebug

Description:  Toggles debug mode on or off.

Use:  Returns integer.

Function 51:  Run

Description:  Runs another program.

Use:  State ("program name").

Function 52:  GetDate

Description:  Gets the system date

Function 53 SayString

Description:  Sends string to synthesizer.

Use:  Provide ("string to speak").

Function 54:  Beep

Description:  Does a system beep.

Function 55:  MessageBox

Description:  Pops up a message on the desktop.

Function 56:  Flush

Description:  Flushes speech synthesizer -- stops speech.

Function 57:  JAWSCursor

Description:  Turns on the JAWS cursor.

Function 58: PCCursor

Description:  Turns on the PC cursor.

Function 59:  SetVoice

Description:  Sets a voice parameter.

Function 60:  JAWSHome

Description:  JAWS cursor Home function

Use:  If the JAWS cursor is on, then it moves the JAWS cursor to the left side of the window, otherwise it does a Home function for the application.

Function 61:  JAWSEnd

Description:  JAWS cursor End function

Use:  If the JAWS cursor is on, then it moves the JAWS cursor to the right side of the window, otherwise it does an End function for the application.

Function 62:  JAWSPageUp

Description:  JAWS cursor Page Up function

Use:  If the JAWS cursor is on, then it moves the JAWS cursor to the top of the window, otherwise it does a Page UP function for the application.

Function 63:  JAWSPageDown

Description:  JAWS cursor Page DOWN

Use:  If the JAWS cursor is on, then it moves the JAWS cursor to the bottom of the window, otherwise it does a Page Down function for the application.

Function 64: ReturnCursorRow

Description:  Gets the vertical position of the active cursor.  Use:  Returns integer.

Function 65:  ReturnCursorCol

Description:  Gets the horizontal position of the active cursor.

 Use:  Returns integer.

Function 66:  SayUnit

Description:  Says the current unit of text.

Function 67:  SayCharacter

Description:  Says the current character.

Function 68:  SayWord

Description:  Says the current word.

Function 69:  SayChunk

Description:  Says the current chunk of text.

Function 70:  SayLine

Description:  Says the current line of text.

Function 71:  NextUnit

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the next unit of text.

Function 72:  NextCharacter

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the next character.

Function 73:  NextWord

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the next word.

Function 74:  NextChunk

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the next chunk of text.

Function 75:  NextLine

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the next line.

Function 76:  PriorUnit

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the prior unit of text.

Function 77:  PriorCharacter

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the prior character.

Function 78:  PriorWord

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the prior word.

Function 79:  PriorChunk

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the prior chunk of text.

Function 80:  PriorLine

Description:  Moves the active cursor to the prior line.

Function 81 SayActiveCursor

Description:  Says the name of the active cursor, JAWS or PC.

Function 82:  SayCursorPos

Description:  Says the position of the cursor.

Use:  (integer representing cursor to use).

Function 83:  SayInteger

Description:  Says the number.

Use:  (integer to speak).

Function 84:  GetActiveCursor

Description:  Determines which cursor is currently active.

 Use:  Returns integer.

Function 85:  RouteJawsToPc

Description:  Moves the JAWS cursor to the PC cursor.

Function 86:  RoutePcToJaws

Description:  Moves the PC cursor to the JAWS cursor when possible.

Function 87:  GetWindowTitle

Description:  Get the title of the window.

Use:  Returns string.

Function 88:  ToggleRestriction

Description: Toggles JAWS cursor restriction on/off.

Use:  Returns integer which indicates status:  1=restriction on, 0=off.

Function 89:  SayAll

Description:  Reads the entire window.

Function 90: GetAppTitle

Description:  Get the title of the current application program.

 Use:  Returns string.

Function 91: GetWindowClassDescription:  Get the class of the window.

Use:  (Integer handle of window to check), returns string.

Function 92:  JawsWindow

Description:  Invokes the JAWS window, gives JAWS the focus.

Function 93:  MenusActive

Description:  TRUE if a menu is currently active, FALSE otherwise.

 Use:  Returns integer.

Function 94:  DialogActive

Description:  TRUE if a dialog box is currently active, FALSE otherwise.

 Use:  Returns integer.

Function 95:  IsJAWSCursor

Description:  TRUE if the JAWS cursor is currently active.

 Use:  Returns integer.

Function 96:  ToggleVerbosity

Description:  Changes the verbosity level.

Function 97:  GetVerbosity

Description:  Get the verbosity level.

Use:  Returns integer.

Function 99:  CaretVisible

Description:  Indicates presence of an insertion point or caret.

 Use:  Returns integer.

Function 100:  SayControl

Description:  Speaks the contents of the dialog option and its prompt.

 Use:  (integer handle of dialog option to speak)

Function 103:  UnloadJAWS

Description:  Stops JAWS and unloads it from memory.

Function 104:  GraphicWizard

Description:  Invokes the Graphic Wizard dialog.

Function 105:  MoveToGraphic

Description:  Move to specified graphic element in current window.

 Use:  (integer direction) 0=first, 1=next, 2=prior, 3=last.  Returns integer.

Function 106:  GetWindowType

Description:  returns text string containing the type of the window.

 Use:  Provide (integer Handle of window to check), returns string.

Function 107:  Pause

Description:  Pauses the current macro.

Function 108:  LeftMouseButton

Description:  Simulates left mouse button.

Use:  Press once for single click and twice for double click.

Function 109:  RightMouseButton

Description:  Simulates right mouse button.

Use:   Press once for single click and twice for double click.

Function 110:  HasTitleBar

Description:  Returns "true" if the passed window has a title bar.

 Use:  (integer handle of window), returns integer.

Function 111:  GetParent

Description:  Returns the handle of the passed window's parent.

 Use:  Provide (integer handle of window), returns integer or 0 if none.

Function 112:  GetFirstChild

Description:  Returns the handle of the passed window's first child.

 Use:  Provide (integer handle of window), returns integer or 0 if none.

Function 113:  GetNextWindow

Description:  Returns the handle of the next window.

Use:  Provide (integer handle of window), returns integer or 0 if none.

Function 114:  GetPriorWindow

Description:  Returns the handle of the prior window.

Use:  Provide (integer handle of window), returns integer or 0 if none.

Function 115:  GetFirstWindow

Description:  Returns the handle of the first window at the same logical level as the passed handle.

 Use:  Provide (integer handle of window), returns integer.

Function 116:  GetFocus

Description:  Returns the handle of the window with focus.

 Use:  Return integer or 0 if none.

Function 117:  GetRealWindow

Description:  starting with the passed window handle, it traverses upwards through the window list until a window with a title-bar is found. Use:  Provide (integer handle of window), returns integer.

Function 118:  GetAppMainWindow

Description:  Returns the handle of the application main window associated with the passed handle.

 Use:  Provide (integer handle of window), returns integer.

Function 119:  GetWindowName

Description:  Returns the name of the passed window.

Use:  Provide (integer handle of window), returns string.

Function 120:  GetCurrentWindow

Description:  Returns the handle of the current window.

 Use:  If the PC cursor is active, then this is the window containing the caret or highlighted item.  If the JAWS cursor is on, this is the window containing the mouse pointer.  Returns integer.

Function 121:  SayWindow

Description:  Speak the contents of the passed window.

Use:  Provide (integer handle of window)

Function 122:  SayWindowTypeAndText

Description:  Speak window title, type, and checked/unchecked status.

 Use:  Speaks information for passed window, and marks this text as having been spoken, so the TEXT and HIGHLIGHTEDTEXT events won't speak it again.  See section 3 for a description of "event macros" such as {TEXT} and {HIGHLIGHTEDTEXT}.

Function 123:  ToggleHomeRow

Description:  Toggles the status of home-row mode.

Use:  Returns integer.

Function 124:  ExpandString

Description:  Inserts a space between adjacent characters of a string.

 Use:  Provide (string text to expand), returns string.

Function 125:  LeftMouseToggle

Description:  Toggles the pressed/released state of the left mousebutton.  Returns "1" if the button is being pressed, and "0" if it isbeing released.

Function 126:  ToggleScreenEcho

Description:  Cycles through the possible screen echo settings.

  0 = none, 1 = highlighted text only, 2 = everything.

Function 127:  GetScreenEcho

Description:  Returns integer for the Screen Echo setting.

 0 = none, 1 = only highlighted text, 2 = all text.

Function 128:  StringContains

Description:  Checks to see if one string is contained in the other, returns integer.

 parameter1 = The string to look in, Parameter2 = The string to search for.

Function 129:  SDMSayWindowTypeAndText

Parameter1 integer handle of SDM window.

Parameter2 integer ID of item in window.

Function 130:  SDMGetFocus

Parameter1 integer handle of SDM window, returns integer.

Function 131:  SDMSayStaticText

Parameter1 integer handle of SDM window.

Function 132:  InvisibleCursor

Description:  Turns on the invisible cursor.

Function 134:  IsInvisibleCursor

Description:  True if the invisible cursor is on, returns integer.

Function 134:  RouteInvisibleToJaws

Description:  Moves the invisible cursor to the JAWS cursor.

Function 135:  RouteInvisibleToPc

Description:  Moves the invisible cursor to the PC cursor

Function 136:  RouteJawsToInvisible

Description:  Moves the JAWS cursor to the invisible cursor.

Function 137:  HasFocusRect

Description:  Determines if the specified window has a focus rectangle.  Parameter1 = int Handle of window to check, returns integer.

Function:  138 SayFocusRect

Description:  Says the contents of focus rectangle.  Returns TRUE ifany text was spoken, FALSE otherwise.  Parameter1 = integer Handle of window, returns integer.

Function 139:  FindString

Description:  Searches for a string and if found, moves the JAWS cursor to it.

  Parameter1 = integer Handle of window to search.

 Parameter2 = String to search for.

Parameter3 = Should be a non-zero integer when search moves up from the bottom, otherwise it should be 0. Parameter4 integer should be non-zero if search should act as though restriction is on, otherwise it should be 0. Returns non-zero integer when successful, 0 on failure.

Function 140)  FindGraphic

Description:  Searches for a graphic, and if found, moves the JAWS cursor to it.

 Parameter1 integer Handle of window to search.

Parameter2 string graphic label to search for.

Parameter3 non-zero integer if search should be from the bottom up, 0otherwise.

Parameter4 non-zero integer if search should act as though restriction is on, 0 otherwise.

 Returns non-zero integer on success, 0 on failure.

Function 141:  IsPCCursor

Description:  TRUE if the PC cursor is currently on, returns integer.

Function 142:  IsSameMacroKey

Description:  TRUE if same macro key has been pressed twice within halfa second, returns integer.

Function 143:  SpellWord

Description:  Spells the current word.

Function 144:  SaveCursor

Description:  Saves the current cursor and if the JAWS cursor is active, then it saves its position.

Function 145:  RestoreCursor

Description:  Restores the cursor saved by the most recent call to SaveCursor.

Function 146:  PerformMacroKey

Description:  Performs the macro assigned to the specified key.

 Parameter1 = the key with the macro to be performed.

Function 148:  SayToCursor

Description:  Speaks text to the left of the current cursor.

Function 149:  SayFromCursor

Description:  Speaks text to the right of the current cursor.

-- End of Page, End of Chapter 3, and End of TECHNICAL REFERENCE --

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WINDOWS REFERENCE - Chapter List

Choose a chapter from the Windows Reference for JAWS Users.

Chapter 1:  Introduction to the Windows Environment

Chapter 2:  Improving the Operation of Windows

Chapter 3:  Running the DOS Version of JAWS in a DOS Window

-- End of Page --

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WINDOWS REFERENCE - Contents of Chapter 1

INTRODUCTION TO THE WINDOWS ENVIRONMENT

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use theBrowse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   WHAT IS WINDOWS?

2.   HOW ARE WINDOWS ARRANGED ON THE PC DESKTOP?

 3.   ARE THERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINDOWS?

3.1  DOS Windows

3.2  Parent Windows

3.3  Child Windows

4.   ARE THERE DIFFERENT WINDOW SIZES?

5.   WHAT IS A DIALOG BOX?

6.   HOW DO YOU SELECT AND CHOOSE ITEMS?

7.   SUMMARY

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WHAT IS WINDOWS?

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 1

Windows is a collection of specialized software programs that fit together to create what is called the Windows Environment.  The Windows environment helps to simplify and organize computer work.

The Windows environment is a Graphic Environment, which means that pictures, drawings, and text can be all displayed at the same time.

Additionally, Windows is a User Interface.  It serves as a connecting point for many different computer software programs.

If you are new to the Windows environment, then it will be helpful to learn about Windows and to acquire certain new PC skills in order to become an efficient Windows user.  It will be necessary to learn to use some of the built-in Windows software programs, to learn about navigating within a screen display that combines text and graphics, and to learn the techniques that are used to link together application software programs.

JAWS for Windows provides the information that is needed by visually impaired PC users to easily navigate in the Windows environment.  JAWS is a powerful set of screen reading tools that opens the world of Windows and provides access to the latest software applications.

It should be understood, however, that there is a lot to learn when a person begins to work in the Windows environment.  JAWS accurately reads the Windows screen display, but JAWS cannot replace the need to learn about the Windows environment.  Successful JAWS users must understand the fundamentals of using Windows before they can expect to productively use Windows.  As a practical matter, visually impaired Windows users may find that they actually need to learn more about Windows than sighted Windows users.  This is because many things that are obvious to people who can see the Windows screen display, must be understood in a conceptual manner by sight impaired persons.

This chapter will help those who are new to the Windows environment to learn about basic Windows concepts.  If you are familiar with the Windows environment, then you may not need to read this chapter.  However, this chapter does provide the key concepts that a visually impaired Windows user should understand when working in the Windows environment, and therefore will be of interest to those who will plan to develop training programs for JAWS users.  The Windows manuals provided by the Microsoft Corporation and other Windows reference books, should be consulted for additional information.  For information about using JAWS, choose Learning the Basics About JAWS.

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HOW ARE WINDOWS ARRANGED ON THE PC DESKTOP?

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 2

The word "desktop" refers to your PC monitor.  The Desktop is the background on which information is displayed.  If a document in a word processing program is shown on the screen, then the document is "on the desktop".  If a document and a set of menu items are both on the screen, then they both share the desktop.  The terms "desktop" and "screen" are often used interchangeably.

The Windows environment contains a standard set of software programs that, for example, can be used to manage files on a hard disk, start application programs, share information between programs, and control printers and other hardware devices.  A built-in word processor, text editor, card file, calendar, calculator, and a variety of utility programs help to create the look and feel of the Windows environment.  The unified appearance of the Windows environment is further enhanced by the similar physical appearance of the various Windows programs.  Secondly, there is a standard set of commands that can be used with almost all Windows programs.  For example, the command that is used to exit a software application is the same for all programs that run under Windows.  Lastly, almost all lists of commands, instructions, prompts, and data is displayed within rectangular blocks on the screen.  These rectangles are the actual "windows" through which PC users look as they interact with their computers.  The arrangement of windows on the PC monitor is constantly changing as different windows of information are displayed in response to various situations.

The desktop can contain one large window or it can contain many separate windows.  The windows of information can overlap one another or they can be displayed side-by-side.  The size of a window can be increased to fill most of the desktop or it can be reduced to a symbol that represents the window.

A concrete example can help show how a set of four windows could be arranged.Step A.

Take four sheets of paper and label each sheet at the top with one of these titles: "Program Manager", "Write", "Calendar", and "File Manager".  Each sheet of paper will represent a separate window within the Windows environment.  The labels represent the Title Line which Windows places at the top of each open window to clearly identify the window.

Step B.

Place the four sheets of paper in a stack with the sheet labeled "Program Manager" on the top of the Pile.  In this arrangement, you would be able to read the contents of the Program Manager window.  The window that is on top of the pile is the "active window".  An Active Window is a window where you can move the selection cursor and in some situations you are also able to type text.  The other sheets of paper are windows that have not been opened.  They are windows that cannot be used until you open them and make them active.

Step C.

Let us assume that you want to use the built-in Windows word processor which is called "Write".  Take the sheet labeled "Write" and place it on the top of the pile.  It is now the active window.  The Program Manager window is still "open", but it is temporarily out of sight.  An Open Window is a window that was active in the past, but is now in an inactive state.  An open window can be reactivated with a single keystroke.  It is ready for use even though it may not be visible.

Step D.

Next find the sheet of paper label "Calendar" and place it next to the sheet labeled "Write".  In this arrangement you have two windows visible at the same time.  Even though two or more windows can be open and visible at the same time, only one window will be the active window.  The active window is the window where you can move your cursor and type text.  Visually, the active window is highlighted in a different color to indicate that it is active.

Step E.

Next, find the sheet of paper labeled "File Manager".  Leave the two sheets of paper that were used in the preceding step in their side-by-side arrangement.  Now place the File Manager sheet on top of the other two sheets, so that it covers a portion of both the other two sheets.  This screen arrangement might occur if you had opened the Write program, then opened the Calendar program, and then opened the File Manager.  It is common for different windows to be laid over the top of one another.  It also is not unusual for an open window to totally disappear from view when a new window is activated.

Step F.

Now take the four sheets of paper and arrange them so that all four sheets are fully visible.  This means all four windows are open.  Even though all four windows are open, only one window can be active.  The active window is the one which JAWS reads and where you can type text or make menu selections.  You could have the four sheets arranged in a single row so that the sheets are all side-by-side.  You could also arrange the sheets so that you had two rows, each of which contained two sheets.  This type of arrangement is called a Tile Arrangement. The windows are arranged in a systematic pattern like the tiles on a floor.

Step G.	Last, stack the sheets in a single pile with the sheet labeled "File Manager" on the top.  Now, arrange the sheets so that the title of each hidden sheet is visible.  In this arrangement, the File Manager is active and you can see the entire File Manager window.  The title of the other sheets would then stick up from behind one another so that you can read the names of all four windows.  This arrangement is called a Cascade Arrangement.  The window that was activated most recently (File Manager) is visible in front of the cascade, and the window that was the first to be activated (Program Manager) is at the back of the pile. The title of the oldest window (Program Manager) should be behind all of the other sheets and its title should be at the top of the cascade.

From the preceding examples, it should be clear that the screen display in the Windows environment can become very complex.  Those who have found pop-up menu boxes to be confusing when working with DOS programs, may be wondering how it will be possible to figure out which window is to be read.  JAWS solves this potential problem by automatically identifying the active window and by focusing its attention on that window.  Even though several windows might be visible to sighted users, JAWS restricts its screen reading to the active window.  This means that JAWS users can keep their attention focused on their work, while JAWS continuously figures out which information should be read.  Actually, JAWS does much more than just read text; it also provides descriptive information that is needed to prevent users from getting lost in the variety of windows, menus, and dialog boxes that can be displayed in the Windows environment.

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ARE THERE DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINDOWS?

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 3

There are actually three general types of windows:  parent windows, child windows, and DOS windows.  It is very important to clearly understand the differences between these types of windows, because it will be necessary to use separate sets of keystrokes when working in different types of windows.  Sighted Windows users do not need to worry about different sets of Windows commands, since they commonly use a mouse to navigate within the Windows environment.  Microsoft Windows provides a collection of keyboard commands that can be used as substitutes for mouse movements.  However, these keystroke commands will be different for various types of windows.

For additional information about window types, choose one of the following topics, or use your browse buttons to read about all three window types.

DOS Windows  Parent Windows  Child Windows

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DOS Windows

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 3.1

A DOS Window is a special type of window that is used to run software programs that can only run in the DOS environment.  For information about using DOS windows, choose Using  DOS Windows.

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Parent Windows

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 3.2

A Parent Window is a specific type of window, which is used for running a software application.  It is common terminology to speak of a software program as "running" in a window.  The phrase, Running in a Window, simply means that software application programs are always used in a parent window.  In other words, a parent window contains an application program that is running and ready for use.  It is very common for a parent window to also be called either an Application Window or a Program Window.

The purpose of a parent window may be easier to understand when we describe the applications that use them.  Applications are computer programs that are used for doing a certain type of work, such as word processing, database management, or accounting.  An "application" may also be called a "program".  As a result, it is common to use the words "program" and "application" to refer to the software that runs in a parent window.  This manual, as well as other Windows manuals and reference books, will use the terms parent window, application window, and program window, interchangeably.

A Windows Application always refers to a program that is designed to run within the Windows environment.  For example, JAWS for Windows is a Windows application that reads the screen display of the Windows environment.  To read text in a DOS window or read information for a program that is running in the DOS environment, you need to use a program designed for that purpose.

The first time you start a newly installed copy of Windows, the "Program Manager" will appear on your screen.  Regardless of what you are doing in Windows, the Program Manager is ready for use.  The Program Manager is one of your applications and it is displayed in a parent window.

The Program Manager is the connecting point between your various applications.  Program Manager is a powerful software program that works like a menu system.  It organizes and starts other software applications.  This means that Program Manager is an application that is used to start other applications.

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Child Windows

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 3.3

The third type of window is given the general label of "child window".  A Child Window can only exist within a parent window.  For example, when you start to use the Windows word processing program called Write, you simultaneously open an application window and then begin to run the Write software program.

The parent window for the Write program usually fills a majority of the desktop and automatically creates one child window.  In this case, the child window is a "document window".  The parent window contains the Write program and the child window contains space for creating a document.  With some applications, it is possible to simultaneously work with more than one document, which means that it is possible to have more than one child window within an application.  Even though you can have more than one child window within an application, only one child window can be active.  JAWS figures out which child window is active and focuses its screen reading within that window.

A child window can only exist within a specific application.  The parent application encloses and protects the child window from other application programs.  Thus, the document window in Windows Write cannot be used by other applications.

Child windows can also have other names.  In a word processor the child window is called a Document Window.  In the Windows Program Manager, the child window is called a Group Window.  In the case of the Program Manager, the child window is not used to work with documents, instead, it is designed to activate software applications.  A group window contains the names of software applications; thus it is like a menu.  Each group window can be thought of as a category, which contains the names of related software applications.  A group window in some cases may simply be called a "group".  These Groups are used to organize a large number of applications into more manageable sets of general choices.

For example, Program Manager has a group window which is called "accessories".  It lists the names of application programs that are part of the Windows package of programs.  Examples of programs that are listed in this group window are:  Write, Calendar, Card File, Note Pad, Calculator, Sound Recorder, etc.  Another group window in the Program Manager is called "main".  It contains the names of Windows applications that can be used to set up the Windows environment.

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(ARE THERE DIFFERENT WINDOW SIZES?

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 4

Thus far we have discussed parent windows and child windows, but have not discussed the relative sizes of these windows.  One could assume that a child window must always be smaller than its parent window since the child window is contained within the parent window, and this is true, but the size of a window can be changed by the PC user.

For the purposes of this introduction, three window sizes will be discussed.  A window can be "maximized" to the largest size possible, "minimized" to the smallest size possible, or "restored" to its predetermined or default size.

When a parent window is first opened and the application starts running, it usually occupies a predetermined or "default window size".  Similarly, when a child window is opened, it will automatically occupy a predetermined portion of the parent window.  The Default Window Size is simply the amount of space that is automatically assigned to the window when it is first opened.

For example, if you are creating a document in Windows Write and need to use the Windows File Manager, then you could minimize the Write application to the size of an icon.  A window that has been Minimized to an Icon consists of a graphic symbol and an icon name.  An Icon can be thought of as a tiny picture that represents an open window.  Applications that have been reduced to icons continue to run, but they no longer occupy work space on your desktop.  It is usually possible to use one application and to also have several other applications running in the form of icons at the same time.  Application Icons are usually displayed along the bottom edge of the screen, just below an active application window.  The application icons cannot exist within the physical space occupied by another application, thus they appear outside of the active window.

Even though applications have been reduced to icons, it is very easy to switch between them.  A single keystroke can be used to switch between icons that contain a word processing program, the Windows Program Manager, and the Windows File Manager.

It is also possible to reduce a document window or a group window to an icon.  When this is done, these Child Window Icons appear within the parent window.  As was discussed earlier, a child window can only exist within its parent window, and in the same way, an icon for a child window is always displayed within the parent window.  When you use a word processing program, for example, then this would enable you to have several documents available for immediate use.  With documents reduced to an icon, you can switch between them with a quick keystroke.

When you minimize a parent window or a child window to an icon, it is still available for use.  It remains just a key stroke away.  It is also possible to close a window.  When you Close a Window, you are terminating the use of the application or the document.  Once you terminate your use of an application or a document, you cannot use them again unless you go through the process of starting the application or opening the document file.  All child windows, however, cannot be closed.  For example, a group window in the Program Manager can be reduced to an icon, but it cannot be closed.  When you close a window, this means that the window or its icon no longer appear on the screen, and they are no longer available for use.

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WHAT IS A DIALOG BOX?

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 5

You use a Dialog Box to supply information about a task that is to be performed or to set up program features.  A dialog box usually presents questions to which the PC user is to respond.  The use of the word "dialog" suggests that communication needs to occur between the PC user and a Windows application in order for an action to be completed.  This is exactly the purpose of a dialog box -- it facilitates communication.

A dialog box is a rectangular shaped section of the screen that may pop-up when you choose an item from a menu or press a command button.  For example, if you are using the Windows Write program, and you choose the menu item labeled "open" from the File menu, then the "open dialog box" will appear. In this dialog box, you choose the file you want to open.  This means that you type the name of the file or select it from a list, and then it is displayed in the document window.

Most dialog boxes contain Options that you can set through the use of various specialized lists and boxes.  After you specify the options you desire, then you can choose a Command Button to carry out a command. A command button, for example, can be pushed (chosen) to indicate that you have finished making selections or that you wish to cancel the selections that you have just made.

Some dialog boxes may display additional information about the task you are trying to complete.  Other dialog boxes display warning messages or explanations regarding why a task cannot be accomplished.

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HOW DO YOU SELECT AND CHOOSE ITEMS?

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 6

The terms "select" and "choose" have very specific meanings when used to describe activities in the Windows environment.  It is very important to understand how these terms are used, because "selecting" an item is quite different than "choosing" an item.

To Select an Item, you must point to the item with the selection cursor.  The Selection Cursor can be thought of as a pointer which identifies the item you wish to use.  Actually, Windows uses highlighting and/or a dotted rectangle to indicate the selected item.  JAWS speaks the highlighted words or the words surrounded by the dotted rectangle to confirm the fact that the item has been selected.

When you Choose an Item, you are implementing or starting an activity.  Normally, you first select an item and then you choose it.  This two step process is a common Windows convention.  In most cases, simply selecting and item will not produce a result; you must also choose it.

For example, choosing an icon might start an application, open a window, or carry out a command.  Choosing a menu item might cause additional lists of menu options to be displayed or cause a dialog box to be activated.

If you had a list of menu names such as:  "Files", "Options", "Windows", and "Help", then you might use your LEFT ARROW and RIGHT ARROW to move the selection cursor to one of these items.  This simply means that the arrow keys will move the selection cursor between the menu names.  When JAWS speaks the name of an item, this indicates that the selection cursor is pointing to the item.  To choose the item, you might need to use the DOWN ARROW or ENTER.  This is actually how the Windows Menu Bar is used.  As soon as the DOWN ARROW is pressed, then a dropdown menu box appears which contains a new list of items and requires you to again use the selection cursor to point to an item before choosing it.

The Windows keys that are used to move the selection cursor are not the same in all situations.  The arrow keys, TAB, ALT+TAB, and CONTROL+TAB are some of the keys that are used to move the selection cursor.  Similarly, the keys that are used to choose an item are not always the same.  The ENTER, alphabet keys, and SPACEBAR are some of the keys that are used to choose items.

It is possible, in some situations, to select and choose an item at the same time.  This is done through the use of a "selection character".  A Selection Character is an underlined letter that appears in the name of a menu item.  If a menu item has an underlined character, then you can press that letter on your keyboard to choose the item.  The selection character is usually the first letter in the name of the menu item.  If more than one menu name has the same underlined letter, then the first item listed with that letter is selected when that letter key is pressed.  The use of selection characters will be most useful once you have become familiar with the various Windows menus.

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SUMMARY OF BASIC WINDOWS TERMS

WINDOWS REF Chapter 1 Section 7

The terms in the following list were introduced in this chapter.  It is important that you understand the meaning of each term, because these terms are frequently used in all of our manuals.

Windows environment

Windows desktop

title line of a window

open window

active window

DOS window

parent window, application window, and program window

a Windows application

running in a window

child window, document window, and group window

Program Manager

dialog box

window sizes

maximize a window

minimize a window to an icon

icon

close a parent window or a child window

select an item

choose an item

selection cursor

selection character

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WINDOWS REFERENCE - Contents of Chapter 2

IMPROVING THE OPERATION OF WINDOWS

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use theBrowse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

2.   MODIFYING CONFIG.SYS

2.1  Buffers and Files

2.2  Environment Space

3.   MODIFYING AUTOEXEC.BAT

3.1  SMARTDrive Disk Cache

3.2  Double Buffering

3.3  The TEMP Environment Variable

3.4  Removing Non-Functioning TSRs

4.   REMOVING UNNECESSARY HARD DISK FILES

4.1  Files in the \WINDOWS Subdirectory

4.2  Old Windows Swap Files

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INTRODUCTION to IMPROVING THE OPERATION OF WINDOWS

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 1

This chapter provides a few tips about improving the performance of Windows.  Tips are based on our experience with running Windows version 3.1 with MSDOS 6.2 on a 486 DX-66 PC with more than 20 MB of free hard disk space and 8 MB of PC memory.  You must determine for yourself whether the suggestions presented in this chapter are relevant to your situation.  These suggestions may not be appropriate for all PC's.  Please refer to your Windows documentation from Microsoft when you have questions regarding the applicability of suggestions or need greater detail.

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CONFIG.SYS AND DOS VERSION OF JAWS

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 2

The following suggestions require you to modify your CONFIG.SYS file.  It is best to make a backup copy of this file before you modify it.  A text editor should be used to make changes in your CONFIG.SYS file.  If you use a word processing program to modify this file, then be sure to save the file as a DOS text file or in a non-document format after completing your changes.  The file will not function properly when it is saved as a word processing file.

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Buffers and Files

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 2.1

As a general rule, you should set BUFFERS equal to 20 or less. Since we recommend that you use Windows SMARTDrive, then you can set BUFFERS equal to 10.  The use of SMARTDrive is discussed later in this chapter.

If you plan to run non-Windows applications in DOS windows, then it is necessary to have an adequate number of file handles.  The number of FILES should be set to a number between 30 and 50.

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Environment Space

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 2.2

The SHELL command indicates the command interpreter that is used when you switch to the MS-DOS prompt.  It also specifies environment space.  Your SHELL command should be similar to the following example.

SHELL=C:\DOS\COMMAND.COM /P /E:1024

The number at the end of this command specifies the Environment Space.  Your environment space normally should not be smaller than 1024 bytes when running Windows.

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AUTOEXEC.BAT AND DOS VERSION OF JAWS

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 3

When making changes to AUTOEXEC.BAT, you need to use a text editor.  It is best to make a backup copy of this file before you make changes in it.  If you use a word processing program to modify this file, then be sure to save the file as a DOS text file or in a non-document format when you have completed your changes.  This insures that the file will function properly.

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SMARTDrive Disk Cache

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 1

Adding the SMARTDrive Disk Cache Program to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file can speed up the operation of Windows.  The SMARTDrive program copies information from your hard disk and keeps it in extended memory so that it can be rapidly accessed when it is needed.  It also can temporarily store information before it is written to your hard disk.  The cache allows certain tasks to be completed without the necessity of waiting for the hard disk to respond.  The sample command line that is shown below creates a default disk cache.

C:\DOS\SMARTDRV.EXE

The Windows installation program normally installs a SMARTDrive command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. If your AUTOEXEC.BAT file does not contain this command, then you should add it.

Please Note!  Do not use SMARTDrive unless you have more than 2 MB of memory.

The proper use of the SMARTDrive command depends on many variables, and there is no single best setup for SMARTDrive.  We will discuss two variables that you can test in order to improve your system's performance.  Additional information about SMARTDrive is available in the Windows documentation that was supplied by Microsoft, and in the MSDOS help system.

To use MSDOS Help to obtain information about SMARTDrive:

 Type "HELP SMARTDRV" at a DOS prompt and press ENTER.

To increase the performance of SMARTDrive you should specify the size of the cache.  A sample SMARTDrive command that specifies an initial cache size and a Windows cache size is shown below.

C:\DOS\SMARTDRV.EXE 2048 1024

The value "2048" is the size of the cache that is used before Windows is loaded.  The value "1024" is the minimum size of the cache that is used when Windows is running.  The number of bytes used for these values is directly related to the system memory on your PC.  The following chart suggests values for PC's with various amounts of system memory.  Please remember, these are only suggestions, and experimentation is probably needed.

If your PC has 4 MB of extended memory, then try these cache sizes.

 	Initial Cache Size = 1024

Windows Cache Size = 512

If your PC has 8 MB or more of extended memory, then try these cache sizes.

 	Initial Cache Size = 2048

Windows Cache Size = 2048

(Even though 8 MB of memory was used on our PC, we found that we had better performance when the Windows cache size was set to 1024.)

Please Note!  To be sure that SMARTDrive has written all data to the hard disk before you turn off your PC, type the following command at a DOS prompt.

Type "SMARTDRV /C" press ENTER.

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Double Buffering

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 3.2

If you have a small computer system interface hard disk (SCSI), then you may need to use the Double-buffering feature of SMARTDrive.  Double buffering provides compatibility for hard disk controllers that cannot work with virtual memory.  Please refer to your Microsoft documentation for information about using SMARTDrive's double buffering feature.  Double buffering is usually only required with older hard disks.

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TEMP Environment Variable

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 3.3

Windows uses Temporary Swap Files to store data.  Be sure that you have a SET Command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT that tells Windows where to store these files.  A sample SET command is shown below.  Also, be sure that the subdirectory, to which it points, actually exists on your hard disk.

SET TEMP=C:\WINDOWS\TEMP

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Non-Functioning TSRs

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 3.4

The AUTOEXEC.BAT file may be used to load various Terminate and Stay Resident (TSR) programs.  Most of these DOS based programs cannot be used in Windows, and they occupy valuable space in conventional memory.  You should remove all TSRs that cannot be used in Windows.  You can create a batch file that can load your DOS TSRs at those times when you plan to work in the DOS environment.

If you routinely use the DOS version of JAWS and it is loaded by your AUTOEXEC.BAT, then you can manually remove JAWS from memory with the ALT+SHIFT+F1 before loading Windows, or create a batch file to unload JAWS and load Windows.  You should not have the DOS version of JAWS in memory when you load Windows, unless you plan to use the DOS version of JAWS in a DOS application window.  For information about running the DOS version of JAWS in a DOS Application Window, choose Using JAWS in a DOS Window.

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UNNECESSARY HARD DISK FILES

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 4

Windows needs free disk space on your hard drive for various types of swap files.  If you use several large application programs, then you could need up to 16 MB of free disk drive space to support the operation of Windows.  If you need to remove files from your hard disk, then you can remove application programs and documents that you do not use.  In addition, you can consider removing the following files.

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Files in the WINDOWS Subdirectory

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 4.1

Use the Windows File Manager and the Windows setup program for removing unwanted Windows files from your Windows subdirectory.  Carefully consider whether you truly want to remove each set of files before you delete them.  If you have any questions about what you are doing, then you should consult the chapter on "optimizing Windows" in your Windows documentation for detailed instruction.

Bitmap files with the .BMP filename extension.

These bitmap files are used as desktop wallpaper.  If you plan to delete these, then use the Windows Control Panel to set wallpaper to "none", before you delete these files.

SOL.EXE and SOL.HLP

This is the Solitaire game and its Help text.

WINMINE.EXE and WINMINE.HLP

This is the Minesweeper game and its Help text.

PBRUSH.EXE, PBRUSH.HLP, and PBRUSH.DLL

This is the Windows Paintbrush accessory, its Help text, and its dynamic-link library.

CLOCK.EXE

This is the clock accessory.EMM386.EXE

This is an expanded-memory emulator.  This file can be deleted in situations where you use a different emulator or you do not plan to reconfigure your extended memory.

WRITE.EXE and WRITE.HLP

This is the Write accessory and its Help text.  It is a word processing program.

CALENDAR.EXE and CALENDAR.HLP

This is the calendar accessory and its Help text.

CALC.EXE and CALC.HLP

This is the calculator accessory and its Help text.

CARDFILE.EXE and CARDFILE.HLP

This is the cardfile accessory and its Help text.

TERMINAL.EXE and TERMINAL.HLP

This is the Windows terminal accessory and its Help text.  You can use it with a modem.

RECORDER.EXE, RECORDER.HLP, and RECORDER.DLL

This is the recorder accessory, its Help text, and its dynamic-link library.  It is used to record Windows macros.

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Old Windows Swap Files

WINDOWS REF Chapter 2 Section 4.2

If you examine the contents of the subdirectory that Windows uses for storing its swap files, then you may find that there are old swap files that can be deleted.  These old Swap Files were most likely left when Windows unexpectedly crashed.  Windows normally deletes these files when you exit Windows.  Deleting swap files should not be done from within Windows, because you might delete the swap file that is currently in use.

Swap files are stored in the "TEMP" subdirectory.  To determine the location of this subdirectory, look in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file for a "SET" statement that indicates the "\TEMP" subdirectory.  This subdirectory was discussed in greater detail in an earlier section of this chapter.

You can delete any files in the \TEMP subdirectory that start with the characters "WOA".  These files are application swap files that were created in the standard mode of Windows.  You also can delete any file named WIN386.SWP. This file is a temporary Windows swap file created in 386 enhanced mode.  This file is usually deleted when you quit Windows, but it can be left on the hard disk when your PC crashes.  (You should not delete "386SPART.PAR" or "SPART.PAR".)

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WINDOWS REFERENCE - Contents of Chapter 3

RUNNING THE DOS VERSION OF JAWS IN A DOS WINDOW

Choose a section from the Table of Contents or use theBrowse Buttons to read the chapter from beginning to end.

1.   CHAPTER INTRODUCTION

2.   SYSTEM RESOURCES

3.   MEMORY MANAGEMENT

4.   MODIFYING CONFIG.SYS AND AUTOEXEC.BAT

5.   MODIFYING SYSTEM.INI

6.   MANAGING DEVICE CONTENTION

7.   INSTALLING A PROGRAM INFORMATION FILE -PIF

 8.   FINE TUNING A PROGRAM INFORMATION FILE - PIF

 8.1  Editing a PIF

8.2  Basic PIF Settings

8.3  Advanced PIF Options

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INTRODUCTION TO SETTING UP THE DOS VERSION OF JAWS

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 1

This chapter describes the process that can be used to run the DOS version of JAWS in a DOS window with other non-Windows applications.  It specifically applies to JAWS version 2.3X and Windows 3.1.

When you use the DOS version of JAWS with Windows, you can only use it in a DOS application window. A DOS Application Window is designed for using software that was created for DOS.  In order to have full access to both Windows applications and DOS applications, you need to use both the Windows version of JAWS and the DOS version of JAWS.  Please follow the standard installation process for both software programs.

It should be understood by anyone who wishes to run the DOS version of JAWS in a DOS window, that DOS windows are not 100% stable.  DOS windows occasionally crash for no apparent reason and uninterrupted service cannot always be expected.

Many people wish to run the DOS version of JAWS in a DOS window so that they can continue to use their favorite DOS applications along with Windows applications.  As long as you understand that DOS windows have the potential of failing, regardless of whether JAWS is being used, then you can follow the suggestions in this chapter.  If you want the most stable environment possible for your DOS applications, then we recommend that you continue to use JAWS and your other DOS applications in the standard DOS operating system, and use the Windows version of JAWS when a Windows application is needed.

Because there are considerable differences between personal computers with respect to memory, hard disk capacity, and processor speed, it should be understood that the information in this chapter only serves as a guide to using DOS application windows.  Our suggestions may need to be modified to fit your specific situation.  Henter-Joyce, Inc., can provide very limited free technical support for your effort to implement these suggestions.  Additionally, risks associated with the implementation of these suggestions are your responsibility.  Henter-Joyce, Inc., is not responsible for lost data or for other damage that might result from the use of the suggestions which follow.

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SYSTEM RESOURCES

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 2

In general, persons who successfully run the DOS version of JAWS in a DOS window will have greater success when using faster PC's with larger memory capacity.  A 386 machine with a minimum of 4 MB of memory is required.  A 486 machine with 4 MB of memory or more is recommended.

The steps described in this chapter are based on tests using a 486 DX66 computer with 8 MB of memory, and at least 20 MB of free hard disk space.  Windows 3.1 was running in 386 enhanced mode, JAWS version 2.31 was being loaded into high memory, and DOS version 6.2 was being used.

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MEMORY MANAGEMENT

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 3

In order to run Windows in 386 enhanced mode and to load JAWS into high memory, you will need to use a memory manager.  The memory manager provided with MSDOS 6.2 or QuarterDeck's Extended Memory Manager 7.5 (QEMM) can be used for this purpose.

It may not be necessary to load the DOS version of JAWS into high memory in order to run JAWS in a DOS window, however, doing so will free up additional conventional memory.  When using DOS windows, you need to maximize the availability of conventional memory, and loading JAWS into high memory supports this goal.  For tips about loading JAWS into high memory, please review the file "JAWSHIGH.TXT" which was installed by the JFW installation program in your \JFW\TECNOTES subdirectory.

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DOS VERSION OF JAWS AND PC CONFIGURATION

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 4

In addition to adding lines for loading a memory manager in your CONFIG.SYS file, you may wish to check several of the values that are being used on other lines of CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT.  modifying a few lines in these files can greatly enhance system performance.  For information about these files, choose Modifying CONFIG.SYS or Modifying AUTOEXEC.BAT.  Among the topics that are discussed are:  buffers, file handles, environment size, and SMARTDrive cache size.

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SYSTEM.INI AND THE DOS VERSION OF JAWS

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 5

Your next step is to add information to your Windows SYSTEM.INI file that allows JAWS to exist as an active DOS TSR.  The SYSTEM.INI file is located in your Windows subdirectory.

Retrieve the SYSTEM.INI file into a text editor and look for the section of commands called "NonWindowsApp".  Find the line that is shown below.

LOCALTSRS=DOSEDIT,CED,

This line identifies DOS TSR programs that Windows will allow to operate within DOS windows.  You need to add your JAWS command line to the end of this line as shown below.

LOCALTSRS=DOSEDIT,CED,J_ACNTPC.EXE

When adding the JAWS command line, you need to use the specific name of the executable JAWS program that supports your speech synthesizer.  The above command line is for the Accent PC.  If you do not know the name of the file that executes JAWS for your synthesizer, then you can look at the "JAWS.BAT" file in your \JAWS subdirectory.  The last line in the file should be similar to the line that follows.

J_ACNTPC %1 %2 %3 %4 %5 %6 %7 %8 %9 /B8 /E

The information you need is at the very beginning of the line.  The name of the JAWS program begins with "J_".  None of the information that follows the first part of this line is needed in your SYSTEM.INI file.

If you plan to frequently execute commands from the DOS prompt in a DOS window, then you may wish to make the following optional change to your SYSTEM.INI file.  Windows normally displays a reminder message each time DOS finishes responding to a command issued from the DOS command line. It reminds you that you are in a DOS window and that you can type "exit" to return to the Windows environment.  Users of speech systems may find this constant reminder to be annoying.  If the following line is in the "386Enh" section of your SYSTEM.INI, then Windows will not display the reminder message.

DOSPromptExitInstruc=no

After finishing modifications to your SYSTEM.INI file, save the file.  If you are using a word processing program to modify the file, then be sure to save the file as an ASCII text file or in non-document format.

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DEVICE CONTENTION AND THE DOS VERSION OF JAWS

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 6

If you are using an external speech synthesizer connected to a serial port, or if your internal synthesizer takes the place of a serial port, then you may encounter a Windows error dialog that informs you of a Device Contention.  Windows attempts to control the flow of information going to your serial ports and it may display a warning dialog every time it believes that there might be a conflict.

The solution to this situation is to disable monitoring of potential device contentions on the specific serial port you are using.  To do this:

a.	Activate Program Manager.

b.	Open the Main Group.

c.	Choose Control Panel.

d.	Activate the 386 Enhanced dialog.

e.	Use your DOWN ARROW and UP ARROW to find the port you are using for your synthesizer, and use TAB to find the "device contention" radio button.  Use your UP ARROW and DOWN ARROW to choose the button called "never warn".

f.	Choose the OK button and then quit the Control Panel.

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INSTALLING A PROGRAM INFORMATION FILE

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 7

Each non-Windows application that you plan to use in a DOS window needs a Program Information File (PIF).  PIFs define a large number of variables that determine how the DOS window for the application should be setup.

We have provided two PIF files for your use.  These PIFs are set up for Windows 386 enhanced mode.  The files are located in your "\JFW" subdirectory and are listed below.

J_WP386.PIF

This PIF launches WordPerfect 5.1 when Windows is running in 386 enhanced mode.

J_DOS386.PIF

This PIF opens a DOS window and displays a DOS prompt when Windows is running in 386 enhanced mode.  This PIF can be used to run small DOS programs and to execute commands from the DOS prompt.

The steps for installing one of these PIFs are shown below.

a.	Copy the PIF that you want to use from the "\JFW" subdirectory to the "\WINDOWS" subdirectory.

b.	Add a program icon to one of your Program Manager groups for the PIF.  You can do this by opening the Program Manager group from which you want the DOS program to be activated, then activate the Program Manager menu bar and choose the Files menu.  Next, choose the "new" dialog, and choose the "program item" option.  Lastly, provide the following information as requested by the various text boxes of the dialog.

Program Description = name of application

This is the text label that Program Manager displays along with the icon that identifies the program.  Type a name such as "WP AND JAWS" or "DOS JAWS".

Command Line = name of the PIF you are installing

Type the actual name of the PIF.  For example, "J_386DOS.PIF"

Working Directory = optional

 Many PIFs also provide this information and it need not be stated here.  If you specify a subdirectory, then it becomes the current directory while the application is running, and the program will use this subdirectory as its default subdirectory for saving files.  Many applications use other methods for determining default subdirectory and you do not need to specify anything here.

Shortcut Key = optional

The short cut key that is indicated here can be used to start the application or to switch to it when it is running.  Press a combination of keys or TAB to move on to the OK button.  Valid shortcut-key sequences are:

 CONTROL+ALT+character,CONTROL+SHIFT+character,ALT+SHIFT+character, andCONTROL+ALT+SHIFT+character.

The character in the preceding keyboard commands can be any letter, number, or special character.  If you just press a character key in the Shortcut Key box, then Program Manager adds CONTROL+ALT in front of it.  You can also reserve shortcut keys by using the PIF Editor.  Shortcut key settings made in Program Manager override those defined in the PIF Editor.

Run Minimized = [not checked]

If you want this application to run as an icon as soon as it is loaded, then check this box.

The last step in creating a program icon is to choose the OK Button to save your changes.  The new program item is then displayed in the open program group.  To start the application, choose the new program item.  If the DOS application does not start, JAWS for DOS does not speak, or the DOS window or your PC crashes, then please follow the suggestions presented in the next section.

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FINE TUNING A PIF

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 8

The DOS version of JAWS should be fully functional when running in a DOS Window.  You should be able to use the JAWS menu system, and configuration files should be loaded automatically as soon as the DOS application loads.

If JAWS is not functioning properly, or the window frequently crashes, then you may need to make adjustments in the PIF that we provided.  You also might need to make adjustments in your CONFIG.SYS or AUTOEXEC.BAT files as discussed in Chapter 2.  Essentially, you are beginning a process of problem solving where you are trying to find the combination of PIF settings that will make your application run with the greatest stability.

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Editing a PIF

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 3.1

To edit a PIF, choose PIF editor from the Main group of the Program Manager.  Then, use the PIF editor's menu to open the PIF you wish to edit.  PIF files are stored in the Windows subdirectory and have the file extension of "PIF".  Make changes and then save the revised PIF.

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Basic PIF Settings

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 8.2

Each PIF setting that is used with 386 enhanced mode is discussed below.  If you wish to run the application in Windows standard mode, then you can use the PIF editor to convert the PIFs we have provided into standard mode.  Use the menu bar of the PIF editor to choose standard mode and then open the PIF file.  The following settings are for the PIF file "J_386WP.PIF".  PIF settings for standard mode are similar to these, but the "advanced options" are not available.

Program File Name = WP.EXE

If you were setting up a DOS window to display a DOS prompt, then the filename would be "COMMAND.COM".  It is also possible to use the name of a batch file which then can load several DOS applications that can run together in the same DOS window.  You might need to provide PATH information if the application is not in the PATH statement of your AUTOEXEC.BAT.

Window Title = optional

This window title is only used if a title is not stated in the program properties dialog box in the Program Manager.

Optional Parameters = /ND

This parameter and any others you might wish to include for WordPerfect are added to the program command line when the program starts.  You have a maximum of 62 characters in the text box.  Tip:  It might be necessary to also use the /W parameter to restrict WordPerfect's use of conventional and expanded memory, i.e. "/W=120,1024".  Please check your WordPerfect reference manuals for the syntax of this command, because it is not the same for all WP versions.

Start-Up Directory = optional

You might include a start up directory in situations where you did not include path information in the program command line, or a path for the program is not included in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file.  For some applications, this information points to the default subdirectory that will be used for data files.

Display Type = [Text]

This setting determines the amount of memory that is reserved for the video display when the DOS application is used.  If you will not be displaying graphics, then set this to "text".  In text mode, 16K of memory is used; in high resolution graphics, 128K is used.  If you choose high resolution graphics and the memory is not needed because you do not use high resolution graphics, then Windows can reclaim some of the unused memory.  (See "Lock Video Display" in the advanced dialog for an exception to this rule.)

Conventional Memory Required = 405 or -1

This is the minimum conventional memory that an application needs in order to start.  405K is recommended for WordPerfect 5.1.  128K can be used with a DOS prompt.  If the required amount of memory is not available, then the application will not start.

Conventional Memory Desired = 640 or -1

This is an upper limit for conventional memory.  It can be used to prevent windows from allocating all conventional memory to the DOS application.  The value can be no larger than 640K.  A value of -1 lets the application have as much memory as it requests up to the maximum amount available.

EMS Required = 0

Most applications do not use expanded memory.  Set this to zero unless your application requires expanded memory in order to start.  The application will not start when you specify a value that is larger than the memory that Windows can provide.

EMS Limit = 2048

If your application can make use of expanded memory, then the value specified here is the maximum amount that Windows can make available to it.  For applications that automatically take all expanded memory whether or not they need it, this value can be used to limit the application's memory usage.  A setting of "-1" makes all expanded memory available.

XMS Required = 0

This refers to programs that use memory that meets the Lotus/Intel/Microsoft/AST extended memory specification.  Few applications require extended memory and you can usually set this value to zero.

XMS Limit:  KB = 1024

the notes for EMS Limit (above) apply to this setting as well.

Screen Display = Full Screen

You should always use the "full screen" option.  If you use "windowed", then the application is placed in a window, and this interferes with the ability of JAWS to read the screen.

Exclusive = [checked]

This indicates that the application is to have exclusive use of computer processing time.  When exclusive is checked, then all other applications are stopped while this application is in use.  Other applications will be stopped even when they have been setup to run in the background and share processing time.  If you wish to use a telecommunications program in another window, while using this application, then you might want to experiment with leaving this box unchecked.  You might, however, encounter problems when using slower 386 computers.

Background = [not checked]

If you check this box, then this window could be used to run a telecommunications program while you are using another application.  If it is not checked, then the application's activity will be suspended when you switch to another application.  If the application does not need to run while you use other applications, then do not check this box.  By not checking the box, you will free system memory for other uses.

Close Window on Exit check box = [checked]

This tells windows to automatically close the window when you exit the application with the application's standard exit command.  If this is not checked, then you will need to close the DOS window in a separate step.

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Advanced PIF Options

WINDOWS REF Chapter 3 Section 8.3

Most of the advanced options in the PIF editor can be left in their default state unless you have a specific need to change them.  There are, however, a few options that should be set properly to prevent you from accidentally crashing your system.

To display the advanced dialog options, choose "advanced" in the PIF editor.

Multitasking Options background priority = 50

This percentage of processing time does not apply when the Background option described above is not checked.  If it is checked, then Windows can adjust this setting as needed to give your system maximum performance.

Multitasking Options foreground priority =100

This will always be 100 percent when the exclusive check box is checked and the full screen radio button is chosen.  If exclusive is not checked, then Windows will adjust the background and foreground percentages as needed to obtain maximum efficiency.

Multitasking Options Detect Idle Time = [not checked]

When this is checked, it allows other programs to use higher percentages of processor time when the foreground application is idle.  If the DOS application has exclusive use of processing time, then this setting is not used.

The next three options affect how the application's memory is handled. Its use of conventional, expanded, and extended memory are controlled separately.

Lock Application Memory = [not checked]

If you check this box, then you might speed up some applications.  If this option is selected, the application stays in memory and is not swapped to the hard disk. Although selecting this option can speed up the application, it slows down the rest of your system and reduces the amount of available memory.

EMS Memory Locked = [not checked]

This does not need to be checked.  Checking the box prevents the application's expanded memory from being swapped to the hard disk when switching to other applications.  Locking an application's expanded memory can improve that application's performance, but it may slow down other applications and prevent other applications from using the locked memory.

XMS Memory Locked = [not checked]

This does not need to be checked.  Usage rules are the same for the preceding check box.

The display options are used to determine how the application appears on the screen, and how Windows handles memory when it displays the application.

Uses High Memory Area = [checked]

This memory area is the first 64K of high memory.  If it has been claimed and used by a memory manager before you start windows, then Windows does not have access to the area and this setting does not have an effect on the system.  This memory area is usually not available when you use a memory manager and are loading JAWS, DOS, and other device drivers into high memory.  If you check the box, then you ensure that the memory will be used if it is available.

Text = [not checked]

This tells Windows to monitor all video operations when the application is running in text mode. Few applications require this option.

Low Graphics = [not checked]

This monitors all video operations when the application is running in low-resolution graphics mode. This option is rarely required.

High Graphics = [not checked]

This monitors all video operations when the application is running in high-resolution graphics mode.  It is rarely needed.

Emulate Text Mode = not checked

This can increase the rate at which text is displayed, and sometimes it can cause a conflict with JAWS.  This might cause your application to jumble text, to place the cursor in the wrong place, or to simply prevent your application from running.

Retain Video Memory = [not checked]

Checking this box prevents unused video memory from being released for other applications.  Leaving it unchecked enables windows to allocate additional memory when an application switches into graphics mode.  Checking this check box and the check box for Video Memory text in the basic PIF options, prevents Windows from disturbing the video memory that JAWS monitors.  If your display is not stable as you move in and out of DOS windows, then you may want to check this box and set the Video Display in the Basic PIF options to "high resolution graphics".  This ensures that there will always be enough video memory and prevents it from being written to disk.

Allow Fast Paste = [checked]

This determines the method that Windows uses to paste text into an application.

Allow Closed When Active =[checked]

Checking this option allows you to close an application from the Task List dialog without having to exit the application.  This is checked as a precaution against those situations when the DOS window crashes, and you cannot close it with an exit command.  This makes it possible to switch to the Task List, close the application, and then return to Program Manager where you can open the window again.  If this is not checked, then the only way you can close the corrupted window is to quit Windows.  Even though this option is enabled, you should always exit the application normally whenever possible.

A variety of Windows short cut keys will be available in the DOS window unless they are checked here.  A few of these keyboard commands can cause your system to crash, and they should be checked (turned off) as indicated.

ALT+TAB = [not checked]

ALT+ESCAPE = [checked]

The use of this command key sometimes leads to the disruption of video memory so far as JAWS is concerned.

CONTROL+ESCAPE = [not checked]

Using the Task List works well.

PRINT SCREEN = [not checked]

ALT+PRINT SCREEN = [not checked]

ALT+SPACEBAR = [checked]

If this standard Windows command is used in a DOS window, it could lock up the window when it switches into graphics mode.

ALT+ENTER = [checked]

This command will lock up the PC when it is used to shift the DOS window from a full screen display to windowed mode.

Short Cut Key = optional

Valid key sequences were discussed earlier in the section that discusses adding an icon to a Program Manager group.  PIF Editor short cut keys cannot be used to start an application.  They can only be used to switch to a running application.

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MACRO HELP

Choose a topic from the following list.

WHAT IS A MACRO?

STRUCTURE OF A JAWS MACRO

TYPES OF MACRO FILES

USING THE MACRO EDITOR

MACRO EDITOR MENU BAR

TEXT SELECTION AND EDITING KEYS FOR THE MACRO EDITOR

 CONSIDERATIONS FOR DEVELOPING NEW MACROS

LIST OF MACRO KEY NAMES

LIST OF EVENT MACRO NAMES

LIST OF MACRO OPERATORS

LIST OF MACRO USER FUNCTIONS

-- Press "O" at any time to return to this menu. --

TIP FOR NEW HELP USERS!  Use your TAB key to rotate through the list of topics shown on this page.  Press ENTER to choose the selected topic.  Choose Help Tips for additional information about moving around in help.


SETUP GUIDE INTRODUCTION

The Setup Guide provides information about setting up JAWS, registering your software, and moving JAWS authorization keys.  Information about using JAWS and information about using Windows is contained in our manuals, training tapes, and on-line help system.

PLEASE NOTE!  When you open the envelope containing the JAWS software diskettes, you automatically accept all terms and conditions of the Henter-Joyce license agreement.  You are permitted to use JAWS under certain conditions and are prohibited from giving copies of JAWS software to others for their use.  Our license agreement allows you to use your JAWS program on more than one computer as long as you are the only user of the JAWS software.  For example, you could set up one copy of JAWS on a desktop PC at work and a second on your traveling laptop or on a PC at home.  Purchasers of Site Licenses are permitted to set up additional copies of JAWS and to have the copies in simultaneous use.  Choose Henter-Joyce License Agreement to read the complete text of the agreement.

PRESS PAGE DOWN TO DISPLAY THE TABLE OF CONTENTS

CONTENTS

1.  SETTING UP JAWS ON YOUR HARD DISK

2.  MOVING AN AUTHORIZATION KEY

3.  STARTING JAWS

4.  SUCCESSFUL LOADING OF JAWS

5.  REGISTERING JAWS

6.  CUSTOMER SUPPORT

7.  PROGRAM CHANGES

Appendix 1:  COPYING JAWS PROGRAM DISKETTES

Appendix 2:  ABOUT AUTHORIZATION KEYS

Appendix 3:  TROUBLESHOOTING

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SETTING UP JAWS ON YOUR HARD DISK

The set up of JAWS is managed by a setup program.  It is not necessary to install your speech synthesizer before setting up JAWS.  It, however, is absolutely necessary to set up Windows before you set up JAWS.  If Windows has not been set up on your computer, then follow the instructions provided by the Microsoft Corporation for Windows setup.  At a minimum, JAWS requires a 386 PC with at least 4 MB of system memory.

There are two ways to set up JAWS software.  You can set up JAWS from within Windows or from a DOS prompt.  The process for doing a first time setup, an evaluation program setup, or doing a program update is the same.  Simply use one of the setup commands shown below.  The questions asked when doing a program update will be fewer in number because the setup program uses existing information from the previous program setup.

Setting Up JAWS from within Windows

After Windows starts, place your original "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" program disk in your floppy drive.  From Program Manager or File Manager, activate the Files menu by pressing ALT+F.  Press R to activate the Run dialog.  At the command edit window type either:  "A:SETUP" or "B:SETUP", depending on the disk drive you are using.

You will then be asked a series of questions about your computer and speech synthesizer before software is copied on to your hard disk drive.  If this is a first time setup or an evaluation program setup, then you must install an authorization key on your hard disk drive after files have been copied so that JAWS can function.  Information about moving authorization keys is presented in the next section.

Installing JAWS from a DOS Prompt

Place the diskette labeled "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" in your floppy drive, and type one of these commands at a DOS prompt:  "A:SETUP" or "B:SETUP" then press ENTER.

You will be asked a series of questions about your computer and speech synthesizer before files are copied to your hard disk drive.  If this is a first time setup or an evaluation program setup, then you must install an authorization key on your hard disk drive after the JAWS files have been copied so that JAWS can function.  Information about moving authorization keys is presented in the next section.

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MOVING AN AUTHORIZATION KEY

An authorization key must be present on your hard disk drive or on a floppy diskette in your diskette drive in order for JAWS to work properly.  If an authorization key is not present, then JAWS will stop talking 60 seconds after it is loaded.  An Authorization Key is simply computer information that must be present on your hard disk when JAWS for Windows starts.

Authorization keys are stored on your original "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" diskette.  Use one of the procedures shown below to move an authorization key from your diskette to your hard disk.  IMPORTANT!  Your original "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" program diskette must be in your floppy drive before you use either of the commands shown below.  If you have not exited the JAWS setup program, then please do so now by following the instructions on your screen.

If your JAWS program diskette is not in your A: drive and your JAWS program was not set up on your C: drive, then you must make the appropriate substitutions when you type one of the commands.  The "A:" that appears in the command identifies the location of your JFW program diskette, and the "C:" identifies the location where your JAWS program files were copied.  You will be asked to confirm the transfer of the authorization key.

If you are working from a DOS prompt, then type the following command and press ENTER.

C:\JFW\EVMOVE A: C:

If you are working from within Windows, then use the Files menu of Program Manager or File Manager to activate the Run dialog.  Type the following command and press ENTER.

C:\JFW\WINMOVE A: C:

For additional information about authorization keys, choose Authorization Key Appendix.

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STARTING JAWS FOR THE FIRST TIME

Begin by removing any diskettes from your floppy drive and rebooting your PC.  If you have not installed your speech synthesizer, then you should do so now.  If your synthesizer uses a software device driver, then this software must be installed before you can use JAWS.  Please follow the installation instructions that were included with your synthesizer to ensure proper hardware and software installation.

Automatic Loading of JAWS

If you set up JAWS from within Windows, then you had the opportunity to have JAWS added to your Program Manager Startup group.  If you indicated that you wanted JAWS to be added to the Startup group, then JAWS starts whenever Windows starts, and you do not need to do anything else to load JAWS.  If you decide that you do not want to have JAWS loaded automatically, then you can delete the JAWS icon from the Startup group.

Manual Loading of JAWS from within Windows

If you need to start JAWS from within Windows, then you can start JAWS in one of several ways.  You can choose the JAWS icon in the "JFW" program group of Program Manager, or you can use the Windows Run dialog.

To start JAWS from the JFW group of Program Manager, press CONTROL+TAB until the JFW group is activated, use your arrow keys to highlight JAWS, and press ENTER to start JAWS.

To start JAWS with the Run dialog, press ALT+F to activate the Files menu, and then press R to display the Run dialog.  In the command edit field, type "C:\JFW\JFW.EXE" and press ENTER.

Manual Loading of JAWS from a DOS Prompt

If you installed JAWS from a DOS prompt, then you will need to type a command at a DOS prompt to load Windows and JAWS.  A batch file for loading Windows and JAWS was installed in your \JFW subdirectory for this purpose.  At a DOS prompt type "RUNJFW" and then press ENTER.

When JAWS is installed from a DOS prompt, the installation program does not create a "JFW" program group in Program Manager.  If you wish, you can create a "JFW" program group and add a JAWS icon to the Program Manager Startup group by following the instructions in Chapter 1 of the JAWS Technical Reference.  Choose Adding JAWS to Program Manager to review the information in Chapter 1.

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LOADING JAWS SUCCESSFULLY

If you heard words being spoken by your speech synthesizer when any of the above methods were used to load JAWS, then you are ready to learn about using JAWS.  Don't worry if you did not understand the words that were spoken.  There are several adjustments which may be needed to make the speech of your synthesizer more intelligible.  At this point, our goal is simply to have the JAWS software ready for use.

If JAWS starts and immediately speaks an error message that tells you that an authorization key is not present, then you must follow the procedure for installing an authorization key.  JAWS will stop speaking shortly after the error message is spoken.  Choose Moving an Authorization Key for information about this process.

If JAWS does not speak any information or Windows does not load, then please see the troubleshooting suggestions presented in Appendix 3 of this booklet.  Choose Troubleshooting to jump to the troubleshooting appendix.

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REGISTERING JAWS

Registration of JAWS software is done after you complete program setup.  When you complete the registration process, you confirm your eligibility to receive technical support from Henter-Joyce, Inc.  Please register today!

To Register:

After starting Windows, place the JAWS Registration Disk in your floppy disk drive.  From Program Manager or File Manager, activate the Files menu by pressing ALT+F.  Press R to activate the Run dialog and type "REGISTER" in the command edit window.  Press ENTER when you are done typing.

Once you answer the questions asked by the registration program, your answers will be copied to the JAWS Registration Disk.  You must then send the diskette back to Henter-Joyce, Inc.  A self addressed postage paid diskette mailer is included in your JAWS software package for this purpose.  The diskette mailer is made of cardboard and has the name "Henter-Joyce" printed in Braille.

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CUSTOMER SUPPORT

Our training tapes, manuals, and on-line help system address the needs of computer users with a wide range of experience.  If you are a new computer user, then you should plan on using our training tapes to learn about JAWS and Windows.

Our manuals are available in print and in the JAWS on-line help system.  Chapter 1 of JAWS Basics describes how to use JAWS.  Chapter 1 of our Windows Reference provides a solid introduction to the Windows environment as experienced from the perspective of a visually impaired computer user.  Our Technical Reference is designed for those who wish to setup JAWS to respond to the most challenging screen reading tasks within Windows.  Our on-line help system contains the entire text from these manuals in addition to information about program changes.  Information about using the help system is presented on the JAWS training tapes, and is also available from the opening menu of the help system.  To start the JAWS on-line help system, press INSERT+J to activate the JAWS application window, press ALT+H to display the Help menu, then choose the "Contents" menu item.

Our manuals are also provided in text files.  The text files for American English are in the \JFW\MANUALS\ENU subdirectory.  Other subdirectories in \JFW\MANUALS contain text files for other languages.  Names for these subdirectories follow the standard abbreviations used by Microsoft Windows.

Our customer support staff provides technical assistance for the set up of JAWS and other Henter-Joyce products.  We cannot provide free customer support for products we do not produce or sell.  Customer support for those who are using evaluation copies of JAWS is limited to program setup.  On-going customer support is only made available to those who purchase and register JAWS.

When you call us for customer support, please have your JAWS serial number available and be ready to take notes.  To display your JAWS serial number from within Windows, choose "About" from the Help menu of the JAWS application window.  Use of the JAWS application window is described in JAWS Basics and on our training tapes.  Your JAWS serial number also may be displayed on the front cover of your JAWS Basics manual.

Our bulletin board service (BBS) is another source of Henter-Joyce customer support.  You can use your computer and a modem to download software programs, technical bulletins, and JAWS program updates from our BBS.  Our BBS can be used 24 hours a day, seven days a week.  For information about using the BBS, download the file "CALGUIDE.ZIP".

Our CompuServe forum can be used to obtain product information and software updates, and to communicate with Henter-Joyce customer support staff through forum mail.  Join the forum by typing "GO JAWS" at a prompt.  Our CompuServe forum is part of the Windows Vendor H Forum.

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JAWS PROGRAM CHANGES

We continue to develop JAWS for Windows, and as a result, there may be new information which does not appear in our printed documentation.  The "README.TXT" file, located on your "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" program diskette and in the \JFW subdirectory on your hard disk, may contain the most important of these changes.  The "Changes" menu item of the JAWS Help menu describes program advancements in an organized manner so that you can learn about all program improvements in one location.

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COPYING JAWS DISKETTES -Appendix 1

You cannot use the DOS DISKCOPY command to make backup copies of your original "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" program disk.  Copies made with DISKCOPY will be corrupted because of the presence of the JAWS authorization keys.  You can use the DOS XCOPY program to make a backup copy, however the authorization keys will not be copied.  A sample of the XCOPY command is shown below.

XCOPY A: A: /S

This assumes you are using your "A" drive.  If you are using a different floppy drive, then substitute the appropriate disk drive letter.  The XCOPY program will prompt you to put in the source disk and the destination disk at the appropriate time.  You need to use a blank formatted diskette when making these copies.

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AUTHORIZATION KEY APPENDIX

This section describes the process for moving authorization keys and for replacing lost authorization keys.  JAWS program files can be copied from one PC to another, but if an authorization key is not present on the computer's hard disk drive or on a floppy diskette in its floppy drive, then JAWS cannot run.

Purchasers of a single copy of JAWS software receive three authorization keys.  Purchasers of an evaluation package receive 1 authorization key.

If you back up your hard drive onto floppy disks or onto tape, you will not be able to backup the authorization key.  Therefore, you must move the authorization key back to your original JAWS program diskette before you perform disk maintenance activities such as reformatting.  If you erase an authorization key, then JAWS will no longer function.  The use of unfragmenting utility programs will not damage authorization keys.

How Do You Move or Uninstall an Authorization Key?

To move an authorization key from your hard disk, begin by placing your original "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" program disk in your floppy drive and then use one of the following two commands.

 	From a DOS prompt, type the following command and press ENTER.

C:\JFW\EVMOVE C: A:

From within Windows, use the File menu of Program Manager to activate the Run dialog, type the following command, and then press ENTER.

C:\JFW\WINMOVE C: A:

The parameters which follow the command "EVMOVE" or "WINMOVE" are the same for both the DOS and Windows commands.  The first parameter is the source disk drive from which the authorization key is to be moved, and the second parameter is the destination disk drive where the authorization key is to be copied.  To move an authorization key from your floppy disk to the hard disk, simply reverse the drive letters that were shown above.  If your JAWS program diskette is not in your "A:" floppy drive and your JFW program files were not set up on your "C:" drive, then make the appropriate substitutions.

 	In some situations, you might encounter an error message, because you do not have any more authorization keys to copy or there already was an authorization key on the hard drive.

How Can I Determine the Number of Authorization Keys That Are on My JAWS Program Diskette?

Begin by placing your original "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" program diskette in your floppy drive, then use the DOS commands or the Windows commands shown below.

From a DOS Prompt	Log onto the floppy drive that contains your original "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" diskette.  Next type "DCHKINST" and press ENTER.

From within Windows

Activate File Manager, and log on to the floppy drive that contains your original "JAWS FOR WINDOWS" diskette.  Next press ALT+F to activate the Files menu of File Manager, and press R to choose the Run dialog.  Type "CHKINST" and press ENTER.

HOW CAN I OBTAIN A NEW AUTHORIZATION KEY?

There, of course, will be unusual situations where an authorization key is erased or lost, and a replacement is needed.  Contact Henter-Joyce technical support for assistance in the event this happens.

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TROUBLESHOOTING APPENDIX

If you set up Microsoft Windows and the Windows software does not load when you reboot your PC, or when you type "WIN" at a DOS prompt, then please consult your Microsoft Windows setup manual or contact Microsoft technical support for assistance.

If Windows loads as it should but JAWS does not speak, then please follow these suggestions before calling us for assistance.

If you have a new speech synthesizer, then you should recheck the tightness of synthesizer connections including external speaker or headphone connections, and be sure the volume level is set to a mid-range loudness setting.  If your synthesizer installation instructions require the installation of a synthesizer driver, then be sure it has been installed properly.  If you installed an external synthesizer, then be sure you connected it to the port that you indicated during setup and that its power supply is connected and the synthesizer is turned on.

If your synthesizer had been working with a DOS screen reader and does not work with JAWS for Windows, then begin your troubleshooting by looking at your Windows Task List.  When you press CONTROL+ESCAPE to activate the Task List, you should find JAWS in the list of running applications.  If JAWS is not in the list, then it has not been loaded.  Choose Loading JAWS for information about "Starting" JAWS.

If you load JAWS and its name appears in the Task List, and it does not speak, then you probably need to run the JAWS setup program again.  If you did not choose the correct synthesizer or port when doing the first installation, then JAWS will be unable to communicate with your synthesizer.  Simply run the setup program again and be sure you are choosing the correct synthesizer.  Please note:  If you chose to not install a synthesizer, then JAWS cannot speak until you provide the proper "DLL" and "INI" files. Information about installing these files is contained in the file "SYNTH01.TXT" which is located in the \JFW\TECNOTES\ENU subdirectory.

We provide documentation on some speech synthesizers, though the documentation that came with your synthesizer should be your primary source of information.  You may find some documentation for your synthesizer on the "Synthesizer Drivers" disk.  Read the "READ.ME" file on the disk for information about where to find the files you need.  Documentation files specifically prepared by Henter-Joyce for synthesizers is contained in the \JFW\TECNOTES\ENU subdirectory.  The file "READLIST.TXT" describes the files in this subdirectory.

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