DIRSIZE v2.5 ============ Copyright 1993-1996 Simon A Carter The Directory Size Lister with the Lot: * Summary statistics for multi-level directories. This is very useful for finding the complete size of applications before deletion or backup. * Support for Windows 95 long filenames. * For the drive, displays cluster size, free space, used space and capacity. * For the files examined, displays used space and wasted space. * Shows wasted space for a given cluster size. * Rounds up file sizes to the cluster size for the most accurate size information. * Paginates output, [Enter] for next line, [Esc] to exit and any other key for next page. Disabled automatically if output is redirected. * Output can be redirected to a file or to the printer. * The characters used to draw the directory tree can be changed from DOS extended ASCII characters to standard ASCII characters. * Directory sorting can be disabled. * Future proof - directory sizes up to 99 GB are catered for. * Continuous progress indicator while accumulating file information. PRIVATE use of DirSize is FREE. Please register your usage by sending email to Simon Carter at launch@ozemail.com.au, with your name and address. Paid registration (costing $AUS 10) is required for use in a business, commercial, government or institutional environment. Please see the end of this file for more information. What will DirSize do for ME ? ============================= DirSize shows a graphical tree of the directories on your hard disk. The tree starts from the current directory, or from the directory that you specify. The left column displays the disk space used by each directory. Directories that contain further sub- directories display summary statistics in square brackets after the directory name. This is very useful for determining the complete size of an application, for example, if you were hunting for an application to remove to make way for a new one. Alternatively, DirSize can be used to find the total size of an application before a backup or copy is made. DirSize automatically detects and displays Windows 95 long filenames. Of course, it will still run under any older version of DOS. Installation ============ Just copy DIRSIZE.EXE to a directory in your path, for example, to C:\DOS. To find out the directories in your path, type c:\> path [Enter] How to use DirSize ================== Typing dirsize /? [Enter] on its own will display usage information. Usage: dirsize [/c<+|->] [/nosort] [/p] [/size=#] [initial path] The initial path is optional - if you leave it out, DirSize will start its display from the current directory. Directory names with special characters such as spaces can be entered without quotes e.g. c:\> dirsize Program Files [Enter] When DirSize detects that its output is being redirected, it automatically turns off pagination, and selects portable characters to draw lines, such as +, - and |. It does this because the output may be sent to a device or another computer that does not understand DOS's line drawing characters (which are non- portable). When DirSize's output goes to the screen, it uses the DOS line drawing characters. You can override the default behaviour in either case using the /c option: /c+ forces DirSize to use DOS's graphical line drawing characters even if it detects that its output is being redirected. /c- forces DirSize to use portable text line drawing characters even if it detects that its output is not being redirected. This is useful if the result is going to be used on another computer, for example, on a Unix machine or a Macintosh. The /nosort option forces DirSize to not sort directory names into alphabetical order (the default). This may be useful if you are comparing DirSize’s output to an unsorted listing from the DOS DIR command. The /p option tells DirSize to NOT paginate the output. Pagination pauses after each screenful of output. [Enter] shows the next line, [Esc] exits, [End] scrolls continuously to the end of the output, and any other key shows the next screenful of output. Pagination is automatically disabled when the output is redirected. The /size=# option tells DirSize to show how much disk space would be wasted if the cluster size was set to # bytes per cluster. # is restricted by DOS to powers of two, but for convenience DirSize allows it to be set to any value. This is useful for previewing the result of a change in cluster size on a set of files. In general, the smaller the cluster size, the smaller the wasted space. Redirecting Output ------------------ DirSize's output can be redirected to any device. For example, to save DirSize's output to the file output.txt, you can type: dirsize > output.txt [Enter] To add DirSize output to an existing file exists.txt, type dirsize >> exists.txt [Enter] To send DirSize's output to the printer, type dirsize > prn [Enter] DirSize Example --------------- The output below was generated from running DirSize in the Program Files directory (in a DOS shell under Windows 95): c:\> dirsize Program Files [Enter] 0 C:\Program files [113,082,368] 1,277,952 |--Accessories [1,769,472] 491,520 | +--HyperTerminal 0 |--Common Files [16,121,856] 0 | +--Microsoft Shared [16,121,856] 557,056 | |--Artgalry 819,200 | |--Equation 1,998,848 | |--Grphflt 2,260,992 | |--Msgraph5 458,752 | |--MSinfo 1,540,096 | |--MSquery 1,671,168 | |--Orgchart 2,850,816 | |--Proof 1,998,848 | |--Textconv 1,376,256 | |--VBA 589,824 | +--Wordart 655,360 |--Font Assistant 3,014,656 |--Games 65,536 |--Help Assistant 5,242,880 |--JOBINT 851,968 |--Launch 786,432 |--LVIEWPRO 65,536 |--Microsoft Exchange 6,651,904 |--Norton AntiVirus [7,208,960] 557,056 | +--System 2,293,760 |--Norton Commander 0 | +--Indexing 8,978,432 |--Norton Utilities [14,942,208] 5,963,776 | +--System 11,272,192 |--PAINTER3 [15,564,800] 557,056 | |--MOVIES 589,824 | |--NOZZLES 720,896 | |--SESSIONS 819,200 | |--SUPPLIES 1,605,632 | +--TUTORIAL 655,360 |--Plus! [2,293,760] 1,146,880 | |--Setup 491,520 | +--System 262,144 |--Resource Kit 5,570,560 |--RESUMEW [9,895,936] 753,664 | |--LETTERS [1,015,808] 262,144 | | +--MRG_LET 3,309,568 | +--RESUMES 1,736,704 |--Symantec 1,212,416 |--The Microsoft Network 1,802,240 |--Type twister 688,128 |--UltraEdit 2,129,920 |--VendInfo 4,161,536 |--Visio [20,381,696] 2,719,744 | |--Add-ons 393,216 | |--Drawings 3,014,656 | |--Help 0 | |--Stencils [4,816,896] 4,816,896 | | +--Standard 98,304 | |--System [4,554,752] 360,448 | | |--Custom 2,129,920 | | |--Filter32 1,277,952 | | |--Setup32 688,128 | | +--Spelling 0 | +--Template [720,896] 458,752 | |--Standard 262,144 | +--Wizards 262,144 |--winhack 2,523,136 |--WINRES 1,310,720 +--WinZip Files examined: Used space: 113,082,368 bytes Wasted space: 19,348,332 bytes (17% of used) Drive C: Cluster size: 32,768 bytes Free space: 139,886,592 bytes (12% of capacity) Used space: 947,847,168 bytes Capacity: 1,087,733,760 bytes Note how all sizes shown (except the wasted space) are integral (whole) multiples of the drive's cluster size. What is the "Cluster Size" ? ============================ When your computer places files on a disk (both hard disks and floppy disks), it must use an integral number of allocation units. The size of the allocation units varies depending on the total capacity of the disk. This means that if a file is smaller than one complete allocation unit, it does not fill the entire allocation unit. For example, lets say we have a file that is 300 bytes long. On a floppy disk with an allocation unit of 512 bytes, the file will only occupy the first 300 bytes, but since one entire allocation unit must be used, the remaining 212 bytes are wasted. A file 513 bytes long will occupy 2 allocation units, with 511 bytes wasted. An allocation unit is called a CLUSTER. Floppy drives typically use a cluster size of 512 bytes or 1,024 bytes, so not much space is wasted. Hard disks range from 2,048 bytes (for a 106 MB drive) to 32,768 bytes (for a 1.04 GB drive) and even 65,535 bytes, which means that a great deal of space is wasted. The cluster size gets bigger with bigger disks for two reasons: 1) A DOS limitation that sets an absolute upper maximum on the total number of clusters on a drive (65535). 2) The overhead of managing a large number of clusters consumes a lot of disk space that cannot be used for anything else. The DOS DIR command always shows you the size actually in use by the file - it does not include the extra 'wasted' space at the end of the cluster. This wasted space is sometimes referred to as 'slack' space. Directories use up clusters too ------------------------------- Each directory takes up a minimum of one cluster. To reduce the amount of disk space used by directories, remove directories that do not contain any files. Lost clusters ------------- Clusters can become orphaned when DOS is unable to complete changes to the disk, for example, when you are forced to reboot your machine or when the power is turned off accidentally. These clusters cannot be used until they are identified and reclaimed. Use the DOS CHKDSK command to reclaim lost clusters. Lost clusters are considered to be used. Reducing wasted space ===================== What about Disk Compression ? ----------------------------- Disk compression programs like Stacker and DoubleSpace are able to make use of the wasted space because they take on the responsibility of storing the files themselves. By doing so, they overcome DOS's integral cluster size limitation. What about archives ? --------------------- Storing collections of files in a compressed or uncompressed archive saves space, because by grouping all of the files into one large file, only a small amount of space is wasted. The archive program uses its own format to store the files without wasting space. Partitions - decreasing the cluster size ---------------------------------------- Partitions subdivide a physical disk drive into a number of logical drives. For example, a 500 MB hard disk could be partitioned into two 250MB partitions, C: and D:. The advantage of doing this is that the cluster size can be smaller, and in general, the amount of wasted space will be smaller. The disadvantage is that it takes time to set up (since you have to move ALL of your data off the hard disk in order to partition it, unless you have a program that can re-partition on the fly), and you have to remember which drive your programs are on, and manage space across two drives instead of one. For more information on partitions, see the DOS FDISK command. Release Information =================== Date Version Changes Made 24-June-96 2.5 Reduced stack usage further. Added /nosort, /size=# and /p option. Added automatic pagination. Fixed bug for paths longer than 68 characters. Re-instated stack checking. 13-June-96 2.4 Increased stack limit to 64K, and reduced stack usage. This means that you can list directories that are much deeper than before. Appreciably faster (11 seconds compared to 14 for a complete display of a 1.1 Gb drive). Now only shows usage information if /?, ? or -h given as first parameter. Email and address changes. 27-May-96 2.3 Documentation update. 8-May-96 2.2 Shows usage information if no parameters are provided. Fixed bug in long filename functions that prevented them from working under some circumstances. Fixed bug in file size rounding up function, which made files that were an integral number of clusters long one extra cluster long. Documentation update. 28-April-96 2.1 First release. 3-July-93 1.0 First created and used. Registration ============ PRIVATE use of DirSize is FREE. Please register your usage of DirSize by sending email to launch@ozemail.com.au, with your name and address, and any relevant comments. Paid registration (costing $10) is required for use in a business, commercial, government or institutional environment. Order form ---------- Personal details ---------------- Name: ____________________________________________ Company: ____________________________________________ Address: ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ ____________________________________________ Phone: ____________________________________________ Fax: ____________________________________________ For Visa, MasterCard or Bank Card (*) ------------------------------------- (Sorry, I currently do not accept American Express) Card Number: ____ ____ ____ ____ Expiry Date: ____/______ Signature: ________________________________ Date: ____________ (*) Please note that these orders are processed by Omnivision Technologies, a licensed distributor. Cheques ------- I accept bank cheques and personal cheques drawn on an Australian bank. Foreign cheques cost me an additional $AUS 12 to cover my bank's foreign cheque charge. Please make cheques payable to Simon Carter. Postal money orders ------------------- I accept prepaid postal money orders in Australian dollars. Contact Information =================== I am always happy to hear your comments! If you use and like DirSize, or have any suggestions for improvements, please drop me a line! Email: launch@ozemail.com.au WWW: Checkout the Crystal Software home page at http://www.ozemail.com.au/~launch Fax: +61-3 9800-3078 Any time. Voice: +61-3 9729-8836 After hours number. Please leave a contact name, number and time, and I will try to get back to you within 24 hours. Mail: Simon Carter Crystal Software 2 / 9 Woodbine Court Wantirna Victoria 3152 AUSTRALIA.