02700
02701
 \\Ye shall win\\ (\\ktˆsesthe\\). Future middle of \\ktaomai\\, to acquire.
 They will win their souls even if death does come.

02702
 \\Compassed with armies\\ (\\kukloumenˆn hupo stratoped“n\\). Present
 passive participle of \\kuklo“\\, to circle, encircle, from \\kuklos\\,
 circle. Old verb, but only four times in N.T. The point of this
 warning is the present tense, being encircled. It will be too
 late after the city is surrounded. It is objected by some that
 Jesus, not to say Luke, could not have spoken (or written) these
 words before the Roman armies came. One may ask why not, if such
 a thing as predictive prophecy can exist and especially in the
 case of the Lord Jesus. The word \\stratoped“n\\ (\\stratos\\, army,
 \\pedon\\, plain) is a military camp and then an army in camp. Old
 word, but only here in the N.T. \\Then know\\ (\\tote gn“te\\). Second
 aorist active imperative of \\gin“sk“\\. Christians did flee from
 Jerusalem to Pella before it was too late as directed in
 # Lu 21:21; Mr 13:14; Mt 24:16

02703
02704
 \\That may be fulfilled\\ (\\tou plˆsthˆnai\\). Articular infinitive
 passive to express purpose with accusative of general reference.
 The O.T. has many such warnings
 # Ho 9:7; De 28:49-57
 etc.).

02705
02706
 \\Edge of the sword\\ (\\stomati machairˆs\\). Instrumental case of
 \\stomati\\ which means "mouth" literally
 # Ge 34:26
 This verse like the close of verse
 # 22
 is only in Luke. Josephus (_War_, VI. 9.3) states that 1,100,000
 Jews perished in the destruction of Jerusalem and 97,000 were
 taken captive. Surely this is an exaggeration and yet the number
 must have been large. \\Shall be led captive\\
 (\\aichmal“tisthˆsontai\\). Future passive of \\aichmal“tiz“\\ from
 \\aichmˆ\\, spear and \\hal“tos\\ (\\haliskomai\\). Here alone in the
 literal sense in the N.T. \\Shall be trodden under foot\\ (\\estai\\
 \\patoumenˆ\\). Future passive periphrastic of \\pate“\\, to tread, old
 verb. \\Until the times of the Gentiles be fulfilled\\ (\\achri hou\\
 \\plˆr“th“sin kairoi ethn“n\\). First aorist passive subjunctive with
 \\achri hou\\ like \\he“s hou\\. What this means is not clear except that
 Paul in
 # Ro 11:25
 shows that the punishment of the Jews has a limit. The same idiom
 appears there also with \\achri hou\\ and the aorist subjunctive.

02707
 \\Distress\\ (\\sunochˆ\\). From \\sunech“\\. In the N.T. only here and
 # 2Co 2:4
 Anguish. \\In perplexity\\ (\\en aporiƒi\\). State of one who is \\aporos\\,
 who has lost his way (\\a\\ privative and \\poros\\). Here only in the
 N.T. though an old and common word. \\For the roaring of the sea\\
 (\\ˆchous thalassˆs\\). Our word echo (Latin _echo_) is this word
 \\ˆchos\\, a reverberating sound. Sense of rumour in
 # Lu 4:37
 \\Billows\\ (\\salou\\). Old word \\salos\\ for the swell of the sea. Here
 only in the N.T.

02708
 \\Men fainting\\ (\\apopsuchont“n anthr“p“n\\). Genitive absolute of
 \\apopsuch“\\, to expire, to breathe off or out. Old word. Here only
 in N.T. \\Expectation\\ (\\prosdokias\\). Old word from \\prosdoka“\\, to
 look for or towards. In the N.T. only here and
 # Ac 12:11
 \\The world\\ (\\tˆi oikoumenˆi\\). Dative case, "the inhabited" (earth,
 \\gˆi\\).

02709
 \\And then shall they see\\ (\\kai tote opsontai\\). As much as to say
 that it will be not till then. Clearly the promise of the second
 coming of the Son of man in glory here
 # Mr 13:26; Mt 24:30
 is pictured as not one certain of immediate realization. The time
 element is left purposely vague.

02710
 \\Look up\\ (\\anakupsate\\). First aorist active imperative of \\anakupt“\\,
 to raise up. Here of the soul as in
 # Joh 8:7,10
 but in
 # Lu 13:11
 of the body. These the only N.T. examples of this common verb.
 \\Redemption\\ (\\apolutr“sis\\). Act of redeeming from \\apolutro“\\. The
 final act at the second coming of Christ, a glorious hope.

02711
 \\The fig tree, and all the trees\\ (\\tˆn sukˆn kai panta ta dendra\\).
 This parable of the fig-tree
 # Mr 13:28-32; Mt 24:32-35
 Luke applies to "all the trees." It is true about all of them,
 but the fig tree was very common in Palestine.

02712
 \\Shoot forth\\ (\\probal“sin\\). Second aorist active subjunctive of
 \\proball“\\, common verb, but in the N.T. only here and
 # Ac 19:33
 \\Summer\\ (\\theros\\). Not harvest, but summer. Old word, but in the
 N.T. only here
 # Mr 13:28; Mt 24:32

02713
 \\Coming to pass\\ (\\ginomena\\). Present middle participle of \\ginomai\\
 and so descriptive of the process. \\Nigh\\ (\\eggus\\). The consummation
 of the kingdom is here meant, not the beginning.

02714
 \\This generation\\ (\\hˆ genea hautˆ\\). Naturally people then living.
 \\Shall not pass away\\ (\\ou mˆ parelthˆi\\). Second aorist active
 subjunctive of \\parerchomai\\. Strongest possible negative with \\ou\\
 \\mˆ\\. \\Till all things be accomplished\\ (\\he“s an panta genˆtai\\).
 Second aorist middle subjunctive of \\ginomai\\ with \\he“s\\, common
 idiom. The words give a great deal of trouble to critics. Some
 apply them to the whole discourse including the destruction of
 the temple and Jerusalem, the second coming and the end of the
 world. Some of these argue that Jesus was simply mistaken in his
 eschatology, some that he has not been properly reported in the
 Gospels. Others apply them only to the destruction of Jerusalem
 which did take place in A.D. 70 before that generation passed
 away. It must be said for this view that it is not easy in this
 great eschatological discourse to tell clearly when Jesus is
 discussing the destruction of Jerusalem and when the second
 coming. Plummer offers this solution: "The reference, therefore,
 is to the destruction of Jerusalem regarded as the type of the
 end of the world."

02715
 \\My words shall not pass away\\ (\\hoi logoi mou ou mˆ pareleusontai\\).
 Future middle indicative with \\ou mˆ\\, a bit stronger statement
 than the subjunctive. It is noteworthy that Jesus utters these
 words just after the difficult prediction in verse
 # 32

02716
 \\Lest haply your hearts be overcharged\\ (\\mˆ pote barˆth“sin hai\\
 \\kardiai hum“n\\). First aorist passive subjunctive of \\bare“\\, an old
 verb to weigh down, depress, with \\mˆ pote\\. \\With surfeiting\\ (\\en\\
 \\krepalˆi\\). A rather late word, common in medical writers for the
 nausea that follows a debauch. Latin _crapula_, the giddiness
 caused by too much wine. Here only in the N.T. \\Drunkenness\\
 (\\methˆi\\). From \\methu\\ (wine). Old word but in the N.T. only here
 and
 # Ro 13:13; Ga 5:21
 \\Cares of this life\\ (\\merimnais bi“tikais\\). Anxieties of life. The
 adjective \\bi“tikos\\ is late and in the N.T. only here and
 # 1Co 6:3
 \\Come on you\\ (\\epistˆi\\). Second aorist active subjunctive of
 \\ephistˆmi\\, ingressive aorist. Construed also with \\mˆ pote\\.
 \\Suddenly\\ (\\ephnidios\\). Adjective in predicate agreeing with
 \\hˆmera\\ (day). \\As a snare\\ (\\h“s pagis\\). Old word from \\pˆgnumi\\,
 to make fast a net or trap. Paul uses it several times of the
 devil's snares for preachers
 # 1Ti 3:7; 2Ti 2:26

02717
02718
 \\But watch ye\\ (\\agrupneite de\\). \\Agrupne“\\ is a late verb to be
 sleepless (\\a\\ privative and \\hupnos\\, sleep). Keep awake and be
 ready is the pith of Christ's warning. \\That ye may prevail to\\
 \\escape\\ (\\hina katischusˆte ekphugein\\). First aorist active
 subjunctive with \\hina\\ of purpose. The verb \\katischu“\\ means to
 have strength against (cf.
 # Mt 16:18
 Common in later writers. \\Ekphugein\\ is second aorist active
 infinitive, to escape out. \\To stand before the Son of man\\
 (\\stathˆnai emprosthen tou huiou tou anthr“pou\\). That is the goal.
 There will be no dread of the Son then if one is ready.
 \\Stathˆnai\\ is first aorist passive infinitive of \\histˆmi\\.

02719
 \\Every day\\ (\\tas hˆmeras\\). During the days, accusative of extent of
 time. \\Every night\\ (\\tas nuktas\\). "During the nights," accusative
 of extent of time. \\Lodged\\ (\\ˆulizeto\\). Imperfect middle, was
 lodging, \\aulizomai\\ from \\aulˆ\\ (court).

02720
 \\Came early\\ (\\“rthrizen\\). Imperfect active of \\orthriz“\\ from
 \\orthros\\, late form for \\orthreu“\\, to rise early. Only here in the
 N.T.

02721
 \\The Passover\\ (\\pascha\\) Both names (unleavened bread and passover)
 are used here as in
 # Mr 14:1
 Strictly speaking the passover was Nisan 14 and the unleavened
 bread 15-21. This is the only place in the N.T. where the
 expression "the feast of unleavened bread" (common in LXX,
 # Ex. 23:15
 etc.) occurs, for
 # Mr 14:1
 has just "the unleavened bread."
 # Mt 26:17
 uses unleavened bread and passover interchangeably. \\Drew nigh\\
 (\\ˆggizen\\). Imperfect active.
 # Mr 14:1; Mt 26:2
 mention "after two days" definitely.

02722
 \\Sought\\ (\\ezˆtoun\\). Imperfect active of \\zˆte“\\, were seeking,
 conative imperfect. \\How they might put him to death\\ (\\to p“s\\
 \\anel“sin auton\\). Second aorist active deliberative subjunctive
 (retained in indirect question) of \\anaire“\\, to take up, to make
 away with, to slay. Common in Old Greek. Luke uses it so here and
 in
 # 23:32
 and eighteen times in the Acts, a favourite word with him. Note
 the accusative neuter singular article \\to\\ with the whole clause,
 "as to the how, etc." \\For they feared\\ (\\ephobounto gar\\). Imperfect
 middle describing the delay of the "how." The triumphal entry and
 the temple speeches of Jesus had revealed his tremendous power
 with the people, especially the crowds from Galilee at the feast.
 They were afraid to go on with their plan to kill him at the
 feast.

02723
 \\Satan entered into Judas\\ (\\eisˆlthen eis Ioudan\\). Ingressive
 aorist active indicative. Satan was now renewing his attack on
 Jesus suspended temporarily
 # Lu 4:13
 "until a good chance." He had come back by the use of Simon Peter
 # Mr 8:33; Mt 16:23
 The conflict went on and Jesus won ultimate victory
 # Lu 10:18
 Now Satan uses Judas and has success with him for Judas allowed
 him to come again and again
 # Joh 13:27
 Judas evidently opened the door to his heart and let Satan in.
 Then Satan took charge and he became a devil as Jesus said
 # Joh 6:70
 This surrender to Satan in no way relieves Judas of his moral
 responsibility.

02724
 \\Went away\\ (\\apelth“n\\). Second aorist active participle of
 \\aperchomai\\. He went off under the impulse of Satan and after the
 indignation over the rebuke of Jesus at the feast in Simon's
 house
 # Joh 12:4-6
 \\Captains\\ (\\stratˆgois\\). Leaders of the temple guards
 # Ac 4:1
 the full title, "captains of the temple," occurs in verse
 # 52
 \\How he might deliver him unto them\\ (\\to p“s autois parad“i auton\\).
 The same construction as in verse
 # 2
 the article \\to\\ with the indirect question and deliberative
 subjunctive second aorist active (\\parad“i\\).

02725
 \\Were glad\\ (\\echarˆsan\\). Second aorist passive indicative of
 \\chair“\\ as in
 # Mr 14:11
 Ingressive aorist, a natural exultation that one of the Twelve
 had offered to do this thing. \\Covenanted\\ (\\sunethento\\). Second
 aorist indicative middle of \\suntithˆmi\\. An old verb to put
 together and in the middle with one another. In the N.T. outside
 of
 # Joh 9:22
 only in Luke (here and
 # Ac 23:20; 24:9
 Luke only mentions "money" (\\argurion\\), but not "thirty pieces"
 # Mt 26:15

02726
 \\Consented\\ (\\ex“mologˆsen\\). Old verb, but the ancients usually used
 the simple form for promise or consent rather than the compound.
 This is the only instance of this sense in the N.T. It is from
 \\homologos\\ (\\homos\\, same, and \\leg“\\, to say), to say the same
 thing with another and so agree. \\Opportunity\\ (\\eukarian\\). From
 \\eukairos\\ (\\eu, kairos\\), a good chance. Old word, but in the N.T.
 only here and parallel passage
 # Mt 26:16
 \\In the absence of the multitude\\ (\\ater ochlou\\). \\Ater\\ is an old
 preposition, common in the poets, but rare in prose. Also in
 verse
 # 35
 It means "without," "apart from," like \\ch“ris\\. The point of Judas
 was just this. He would get Jesus into the hands of the Sanhedrin
 during the feast in spite of the crowd. It was necessary to avoid
 tumult
 # Mt 26:5
 because of the popularity of Jesus.

02727
 \\The day of unleavened bread came\\ (\\ˆlthen hˆ hˆmera t“n azum“n\\).
 The day itself came, not simply was drawing nigh (verse
 # 1
 \\Must be sacrificed\\ (\\edei thuesthai\\). This was Nisan 14 which
 began at sunset. Luke is a Gentile and this fact must be borne in
 mind. The lamb must be slain by the head of the family
 # Ex 12:6
 The controversy about the day when Christ ate the last passover
 meal has already been discussed
 # Mt 26:17; Mr 14:12
 The Synoptics clearly present this as a fact. Jesus was then
 crucified on Friday at the passover or Thursday (our time) at the
 regular hour 6 P.M. (beginning of Friday). The five passages in
 John
 # 13:1; 13:27; 18:28; 19:14; 19:31
 rightly interpreted teach the same thing as shown in my _Harmony
 of the Gospels for Students of the Life of Christ_ (pp.279-284).

02728
 \\Peter and John\\ (\\Petron kai I“anˆn\\).
 # Mr 14:13
 has only "two" while
 # Mt 26:17
 makes the disciples take the initiative. The word passover in
 this context is used either of the meal, the feast day, the whole
 period (including the unleavened bread). "Eat the passover" can
 refer to the meal as here or to the whole period of celebration
 # Joh 18:28

02729
 \\Where wilt thou that we make ready?\\ (\\Pou theleis hetoimas“men;\\).
 Deliberative first aorist active subjunctive without \\hina\\ after
 \\theleis\\, perhaps originally two separate questions.

02730
 \\When you are entered\\ (\\eiselthont“n hum“n\\). Genitive absolute.
 \\Meet you\\ (\\sunantˆsei humin\\). An old verb \\sunanta“\\ (from \\sun\\,
 with, and \\anta“\\, to face, \\anti\\) with associative instrumental
 (\\humin\\).
 See note on "Mr 14:13"
  about the "man bearing a pitcher of water."

02731
 \\Goodman of the house\\ (\\oikodespotˆi\\). Master of the house as in
 # Mr 14:14; Mt 10:25
 A late word for the earlier \\despotˆs oikou\\. \\I shall eat\\ (\\phag“\\).
 Second aorist futuristic (or deliberative) subjunctive as in
 # Mr 14:14

02732
 \\And he\\ (\\k'akeinos\\). \\Kai\\ and \\ekeinos\\ (\\crasis\\) where
 # Mr 14:15
 has \\kai autos\\. Literally, And that one. See on Mark for rest of
 the verse.

02733
 \\He had said\\ (\\eirˆkei\\). Past perfect active indicative of \\eipon\\
 where
 # Mr 14:16
 has \\eipen\\ (second aorist).

02734
 \\Sat down\\ (\\anepesen\\). Reclined, fell back (or up). Second aorist
 active of \\anapipt“\\.

02735
 \\With desire I have desired\\ (\\epithumiƒi epethumˆsa\\). A Hebraism
 common in the LXX. Associative instrumental case of substantive
 and first aorist active indicative of same like a cognate
 accusative. Peculiar to Luke is all this verse. See this idiom in
 # Joh 3:29; Ac 4:17
 \\Before I suffer\\ (\\pro tou me pathein\\). Preposition \\pro\\ with
 articular infinitive and accusative of general reference, "before
 the suffering as to me." \\Pathein\\ is second aorist active
 infinitive of \\pasch“\\.

02736
 \\Until it be fulfilled\\ (\\he“s hotou plˆr“thˆi\\). First aorist
 passive subjunctive of \\plˆro“\\ with \\he“s\\ (\\hotou\\), the usual
 construction about the future. It seems like a Messianic banquet
 that Jesus has in mind (cf.
 # 14:15

02737
 \\He received a cup\\ (\\dexamenos potˆrion\\). This cup is a diminutive
 of \\potˆr\\. It seems that this is still one of the four cups passed
 during the passover meal, though which one is uncertain. It is
 apparently just before the formal introduction of the Lord's
 Supper, though he gave thanks here also (\\eucharistˆsas\\). It is
 from this verb \\euchariste“\\ (see also verse
 # 19
 that our word Eucharist comes. It is a common verb for giving
 thanks and was used also for "saying grace" as we call it.

02738
 \\The fruit of the vine\\ (\\tou genˆmatos tˆs ampelou\\). So
 # Mr 14:25; Mt 26:29
 and not \\oinos\\ though it was wine undoubtedly. But the language
 allows anything that is "the fruit of the vine." \\Come\\ (\\elthˆi\\).
 Second aorist active subjunctive with \\he“s\\ as in verse
 # 16
 Here it is the consummation of the kingdom that Jesus has in
 mind, for the kingdom had already come.

02739
 \\Which is given for you\\ (\\to huper hum“n didomenon\\). Some MSS. omit
 these verses though probably genuine. The correct text in
 # 1Co 11:24
 has "which is for you," not "which is broken for you." It is
 curious to find the word "broken" here preserved and justified so
 often, even by Easton in his commentary on Luke, p. 320. \\In\\
 \\remembrance of me\\ (\\eis tˆn emˆn anamnˆsin\\). Objective use of the
 possessive pronoun \\emˆn\\, not the subjective. \\This do\\ (\\touto\\
 \\poieite\\). Present active indicative, repetition, keep on doing
 this.

02740
 \\After the supper\\ (\\meta to deipnˆsai\\). Preposition \\meta\\ and the
 accusative articular infinitive. The textual situation here is
 confusing, chiefly because of the two cups (verses
 # 17,20
 Some of the documents omit the latter part of verse
 # 19
 and all of verse
 # 20
 It is possible, of course, that this part crept into the text of
 Luke from
 # 1Co 11:24
 But, if this part is omitted, Luke would then have the order
 reversed, the cup before the bread. So there are difficulties
 whichever turn one takes here with Luke's text whether one cup or
 two cups. \\The New Covenant\\ (\\he kainˆ diathˆkˆ\\).
 See note on "Mt 26:28"
 See note on "Mr 14:24"
  for "covenant." Westcott and Hort reject "new" there, but accept
 it here and in
 # 1Co 11:25
 See note on "Lu 5:38"
  for difference between \\kainˆ\\ and \\nea\\. "The ratification of a
 covenant was commonly associated with the shedding of blood; and
 what was written in blood was believed to be indelible"
 (Plummer). \\Poured out\\ (\\ekchunnomenon\\). Same word in
 # Mr 14:24; Mt 26:28
 translated "shed." Late form present passive participle of
 \\ekchunn“\\ of \\ekche“\\, to pour out.

02741
 \\That betrayeth\\ (\\tou paradidontos\\). Present active participle,
 actually engaged in doing it. The hand of Judas was resting on
 the table at the moment. It should be noted that Luke narrates
 the institution of the Lord's Supper before the exposure of Judas
 as the traitor while Mark and Matthew reverse this order.

02742
 \\As it hath been determined\\ (\\kata to h“rismenon\\). Perfect passive
 participle of \\horiz“\\, to limit or define, mark off the border,
 our "horizon." But this fact does not absolve Judas of his guilt
 as the "woe" here makes plain.

02743
 \\Which of them it was\\ (\\to tis ara eiˆ ex aut“n\\). Note the article
 \\to\\ with the indirect question as in verses
 # 2,4
 The optative \\eiˆ\\ here is changed from the present active
 indicative \\estin\\, though it was not always done, for see \\dokei\\ in
 verse
 # 24
 where the present indicative is retained. They all had their
 hands on the table. Whose hand was it?

02744
 \\Contention\\ (\\philoneikia\\). An old word from \\philoneikos\\, fond of
 strife, eagerness to contend. Only here in the N.T. \\Greatest\\
 (\\meiz“n\\). Common use of the comparative as superlative.

02745
 \\Have lordship over\\ (\\kurieuousin\\). From \\kurios\\. Common verb, to
 lord it over. \\Benefactors\\ (\\euergetai\\). From \\eu\\ and \\ergon\\. Doer
 of good. Old word. Here only in the N.T. Latin Benefactor is
 exact equivalent.

02746
 \\Become\\ (\\ginesth“\\). Present middle imperative of \\ginomai\\. Act so.
 True greatness is in service, not in rank.

02747
 \\But I\\ (\\Eg“ de\\). Jesus dares to cite his own conduct, though their
 leader, to prove his point and to put a stop to their jealous
 contention for the chief place at this very feast, a wrangling
 that kept up till Jesus had to arise and give them the object
 lesson of humility by washing their feet
 # Joh 13:1-20

02748
 \\In my temptations\\ (\\en tois peirasmois mou\\). Probably "trials" is
 better here as in
 # Jas 1:2
 though temptations clearly in
 # Jas 1:13
 This is the tragedy of the situation when Jesus is facing the
 Cross with the traitor at the table and the rest chiefly
 concerned about their own primacy and dignity.

02749
 \\And I appoint unto you\\ (\\k'ag“ diatithˆmai humin\\). They had on the
 whole been loyal and so Jesus passes on to them (\\diathˆmai\\ verb
 from which \\diathˆkˆ\\ comes).