$Id: gateway 1.10 90/12/06 17:20:16 raymond Exp Locker: raymond $ =============================================================================== Four different lists. The first two are from me. The third is from John Chew. The last is a bibliography of books to refer to if the first two lists aren't enough. =============================================================================== Address Formats and Gateways Source: Communications of the ACM, October 1986 (Volume 29, Number 10), page 940. Since the original article appeared in 1986, some of the information may be out of date. The issue does go into detail about the major networks and their history. Keyed in by: Raymond Chen (raymond@math.berkeley.edu) WARNING: PSUVAX1 is no longer operational. Index to abbreviations appears below. To: From: internet csnet -------- ---------------------- ------------------------------ internet u@d.l u%h.csnet@relay.cs.net csnet u@d.l u@d.l mailnet u%d.l@mit-multics u%d.l%relay.cs.net@mit-multics janet u%d.l@uk.ac.ucl.cs ? ean u@d.l u@d.l cosac adi/u%d.l@relay.cs.net adi/u%d.l@relay.cs.net bitnet u@d.l u@h.csnet acsnet u%d.l@munnari.oz u%d.l@munnari.oz uucp g!d.l!u g!d.l!u junet u@d.l.arpa u@d.l.arpa To: From: mailnet janet -------- ---------------------------- ---------------------- internet u%h.mailnet@mit-multics.arpa u%d.uk@cs.ucl.ac.uk csnet u%h.mailnet@mit-multics.arpa u%d.uk@cs.ucl.ac.uk mailnet ? ? janet ? u@uk.d ean u@h.mailnet u@d.uk cosac ? ? bitnet u@h.mailnet u%d.uk@ac.uk acsnet u%h.mailnet@munnari.oz u%d.uk@munnari.oz uucp g!h.mailnet!u g!cs.ucl.ac.uk!d.uk!u junet u%h.mailnet@mit-multics.arpa u@d.uk.janet To: From: ean cosac -------- ---------------------------- ------------------------------ internet u%d.E%ubc.csnet@relay.cs.net h/u%france.csnet@relay.cs.net csnet u%d.E@ubc.csnet h/u@france.csnet mailnet u%d.E@ubc.mailnet ? janet u@d.uk ? ean u@d.E h/u@francs.csnet cosac ? h/u bitnet u@d.E h/u@france.csnet acsnet u%d.E@munnari.oz h/u%france.csnet@munnari.oz uucp g!d.E!u ? junet u%d.E@ubc.csnet h/u@france.csnet To: From: xerox internet DEC's easynet -------- ------------------------ ------------------------------ internet u.R@xerox.com u%h.dec@decwrl.dec.com csnet u.R@xerox.com u%h.dec@decwrl.dec.com mailnet ? ? janet ? ? ean u.R@xerox.com u%h.dec@decwrl.dec.com cosac ? ? bitnet u.R@xerox.com u%h.dec.com@decwrl.dec.com acsnet u.R%xerox.com@munnari.oz u%h.dec.com@munnari.oz uucp parcvax!u.R decwrl!h.dec.com!u junet u.R@xerox.com.arpa u%h.dec@decwrl.dec.com.arpa To: From: IBM's vnet bitnet -------- ---------------------- -------------------------- internet u%h@ibm.com u%h.bitnet@wiscvm.wisc.edu csnet u%h@ibm.com u%h.bitnet@relay.cs.net mailnet ? ? janet ? ? ean u%h@ibm.com u@h.bitnet cosac ? adi/u%h.bitnet@relay.cs.net bitnet u@vnet u@h acsnet u%h@ibm.com@munnari.oz u%h.bitnet@munnari.oz uucp g!ibm.com!u%h psuvax1!h.bitnet!u junet u%h@ibm.com.arpa u2h.bitnet To: From: acsnet uucp -------- ------------------------ -------------------------- internet u@d.oz.au u%h.uucp@g csnet u@d.oz.au u%h.uucp@g mailnet u%d.oz.au%g@mit-multics ? janet u%d.oz@uk.ac.ukc ? ean u@d.oz.au u?@h.uucp cosac ? adi/u%h.uucp bitnet u%d.oz.au@g h1!h2!h!u@psuvax1 acsnet u@d.oz.au u%h.uucp@munnari.oz uucp seismo!munnari!d.oz.au!u h1!h2!h!u junet u@d.oz.au u@h.uucp To: From: junet -------- ----------------------------------- internet u%d.junet%utokyo-relay@relay.cs.net csnet u%d.junet%utokyo-relay mailnet u%d.junet%csnet-relay@mit-multics janet u%d.junet@uk.ac.ukc ean u%d.junet@relay.cs.net cosac adi/u%h.junet@relay.cs.net bitnet u%d.junet@csnet-relay.csnet acsnet u%d.junet@munnari.oz uucp g!d.junet!u junet u@d.junet Key to abbreviations: d = domain E = cdn, dfn, ... g = gateway h = host h1, h2, ... = intermediate hosts l = com, edu, mil, ... R = registry u = user =============================================================================== Section Two: Networks with no known connections to the outside world or whose connections are not well-known. There is a mailing list which announces new network connectivity. Send a message to Info-Nets-Request@Think.COM to subscribe. Network Comments (and userids of people who asked about it and didn't post summaries) ------- --------------------------------------------------- American Online Masato Ogawa (ogawa@sm.sony.co.jp) confirms that there is no gateway. British Telecom rbatt@adam.adelaide.edu.au (R Batt) reports that Gold BT is a member of DialCom (qv). DialCom The gateway was shut down in March 1990 for financial reasons. Individual customers may have established private relays through the Commercial Mail Relay (CMR). Information available on the CMR is available from Intermail-Request@Intermail.ISI.EDU Dialog mcmahan@netcom.UUCP (Dave Mc Mahan) reports that nobody responded to his query in October 1990. Easylink a Western Union service bruceh@CV.HP.COM (Bruce Hauge) reports that as of March 1991 there is no gateway yet, but they're working on it. ECONET rchen@draco.rutgers.edu reports that you send mail to cdp!user@labrea.stanford.edu Eurokom christ@issun3.stc.nl (Brian Christiansen) reports that nobody responded to his query in February 1991. Fidelity Investments ea47916@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu (Eric Adams) reports that (Dallas) nobody responded to his query in February 1991. GEnie No gateway yet, but Bill Louden, the General Manager of GEnie, has stated publically that they are currently doing research into the feasibility of a gateway. Trust me, if such a gateway is set up, you'll hear about it. By the way, the machine genie.com is a red herring. GoldNet chaim@eniac.seas.upenn.edu (Chaim Dworkin) reports that GoldNet is part of DialCom (qv). HandsNet oze3@quads.uchicago.edu (J. Daniel Ozeran) reports that nobody responded to his query in January 1991. Midas Internation headquarters in Chicago IO00393@MAINE.BITNET (Pete) reports that nobody responded to his querh in January 1991. Nifty-Serve a Japanese BBS suzuki@sai.vtt.fi (Makoto Suzuki) contacted the system operators and confirmed that there is no gateway. OMNET Craig E. Ward (cew@isi.edu) explains: Go either through Sprint Internet relay, Sprint.COM, or through the Commercial Mail Relay (CMR) at Intermail.ISI.EDU. Through the CMR, you can send mail to OMNET users with this format: "[omnet.user/OMNET]MAIL/USA%TELEMAIL"@Intermail.ISI.EDU Users on OMNET will need to use an embedded header, i.e. in the body of the message text (almost as ugly as X.400, but not quite) in a message to "[INTERMAIL/USCISI]SM66/USA" to get mail back to you: Forward: Internet To: Gumley_LE@cc.curtin.edu.au You can get more information about the Commercial Mail Relay from: Intermail-Request@Intermail.ISI.EDU Paranet vac163w@monu6.cc.monash.edu.au (vacation) 4 Dec 90 PC-Relay davidl@cix.compulink.co.uk (Dave Lambert) 21 Feb 91 Prodigy by IBM and Sears censors email charges the sender of the mail message Censorship details available from comp.risks issue 10.46. PROFS (general) PROFS is not a network. It is an electronic office system that has electronic mail as one of its components. Many companies purchase it from IBM and install it locally. PROFS (IBM) gt5116b@prism.gatech.EDU (Gaby Turek) reports that you send to username@vmmachine.iinus1.ibm.com, but the recipient must first have registered for internet access. QUICK-COMM GE Information Services E-Mail pegah@pleiades.cps.msu.edu (Mahmoud Pegah) reports that as of February 1991 there is no gateway, though one is under development. SABRE American Airlines' in-house reservation network. savel@hoss.unl.edu (Bharat P. Savel) reports that it has no gateway to any other network, and they intend to keep it that way. SAPONET the South African Post Office's X.25 network (#6550) s873561@minyos.xx.rmit.oz.au (Michael Barnett) reports that the alleged gateway via user%sapo.net.com@ames.arc.nasa.gov simply bounces. There seems to be some way to sneak in via FidoNet; send mail to MAILSRV.RURES@f4.n494.z5.fidonet.org containing the message `SEND UNINODE' for details. The postmaster for Saponet appears to be Barrett.UNDEE@f4.n494.z5.fidonet.org Telemail stevenst@infonode.ingr.com (Todd Stevens) 20 Feb 91 Use the gateway at sprint.com This requires knowledge of the recipient's X.400 address on Telenet (now Sprintnet). Your SMTP address will look like this: smtp%"/dd.un=username/admd=telemail/o=gte/c=us/@sprint.com" the username will be the recipient's username on the system and o will be the organization. VNET (IBM) kkrueger@zeus.unomaha.edu (Kurt Krueger) 16 Feb 91 Whole Earth 'Lectronic Link (WELL) basiji@milton.u.washington.edu (David Basiji) reports that you send mail to username@well.sf.ca.usa Robert Halloran (rkh@mtune.ATT.COM) notes: [GEnie, Prodigy, and American Online] have all apparently been approached more than once about gateways, and have refused to let all that un-screened (and FREE!) mail onto their respective networks.... Denise Caruso (SF Chronicle, 11 Nov 1990, page D-14) writes: It's common knowledge that almost all the online services censor their membership to greater or lesser degrees. [Prodigy is] widely acknowledged to be losing money on the [email] service. =============================================================================== Inter-Network Mail Guide - Copyright 1990 by John J. Chew $Header: netmail,v 1.12 90/07/06 20:38:28 john Exp $ For those of you who were wondering what happened to the June 1990 issue, there wasn't one, because of a lack of important changes to the data, and because I've been busy with other things. Even worse (:-), there will not be an August 1990 issue as I will be temporarily between net addresses as I take a nice long holiday between jobs on different continents. If you have information to add or requests for subscriptions, send them as usual to me at and they should catch up to me with some delay wherever I end up. I'm off to enjoy my summer now, bye! -- John COPYRIGHT NOTICE This document is Copyright 1990 by John J. Chew. All rights reserved. Permission for non-commercial distribution is hereby granted, provided that this file is distributed intact, including this copyright notice and the version information above. Permission for commercial distribution can be obtained by contacting the author as described below. INTRODUCTION This file documents methods of sending mail from one network to another. It represents the aggregate knowledge of the readers of comp.mail.misc and many contributors elsewhere. If you know of any corrections or additions to this file, please read the file format documentation below and then mail to me: John J. Chew . If you do not have access to electronic mail (which makes me wonder about the nature of your interest in the subject, but there does seem to be a small such population out there) you can call me during the month of July at +1 416 979 7166 between 11:00 and 24:00 EDT (UTC-4h) and most likely talk to my answering machine (:-). DISTRIBUTION (news) This list is posted monthly to Usenet newsgroups comp.mail.misc and news.newusers.questions. (mail) I maintain a growing list of subscribers who receive each monthly issue by electronic mail, and recommend this to anyone planning to redistribute the list on a regular basis. (FTP) Internet users can fetch this guide by anonymous FTP as ~ftp/pub/docs/ internetwork-mail-guide on Ra.MsState.Edu (130.18.80.10 or 130.18.96.37) [Courtesy of Frank W. Peters] (Listserv) Bitnet users can fetch this guide from the Listserv at UNMVM. Send mail to LISTSERV@UNMVM with blank subject and body consisting of the line "GET NETWORK GUIDE". [Courtesy of Art St. George] HOW TO USE THIS GUIDE Each entry in this file describes how to get from one network to another. To keep this file at a reasonable size, methods that can be generated by transitivity (A->B and B->C gives A->B->C) are omitted. Entries are sorted first by source network and then by destination network. This is what a typical entry looks like: #F mynet #T yournet #R youraddress #C contact address if any #I send to "youraddress@thegateway" For parsing purposes, entries are separated by at least one blank line, and each line of an entry begins with a `#' followed by a letter. Lines beginning with `# ' are comments and need not be parsed. Lines which do not start with a `#' at all should be ignored as they are probably mail or news headers. #F (from) and #T (to) lines specify source and destination networks. If you're sending me information about a new network, please give me a brief description of the network so that I can add it to the list below. The abbreviated network names used in #F and #T lines should consist only of the characters a-z, 0-9 and `-' unless someone can make a very convincing case for their favourite pi character. These are the currently known networks with abbreviated names: applelink AppleLink (Apple Computer, Inc.'s in-house network) bitnet international academic network bix Byte Information eXchange: Byte magazine's commercial BBS bmug Berkeley Macintosh Users Group compuserve commercial time-sharing service connect Connect Professional Information Network (commercial) easynet Easynet (DEC's in-house mail system) envoy Envoy-100 (Canadian commercial mail service) fax Facsimile document transmission fidonet PC-based BBS network geonet GeoNet Mailbox Systems (commercial) internet the Internet mci MCI's commercial electronic mail service mfenet Magnetic Fusion Energy Network nasamail NASA internal electronic mail peacenet non-profit mail service sinet Schlumberger Information NETwork span Space Physics Analysis Network (includes HEPnet) sprintmail Sprint's commercial mail service (formerly Telemail) thenet Texas Higher Education Network #R (recipient) gives an example of an address on the destination network, to make it clear in subsequent lines what text requires subsitution. #C (contact) gives an address for inquiries concerning the gateway, expressed as an address reachable from the source (#F) network. Presumably, if you can't get the gateway to work at all, then knowing an unreachable address on another network will not be of great help. #I (instructions) lines, of which there may be several, give verbal instructions to a user of the source network to let them send mail to a user on the destination network. Text that needs to be typed will appear in double quotes, with C-style escapes if necessary. #F applelink #T internet #R user@domain #I send to "user@domain@internet#" #I domain can be be of the form "site.bitnet", address must be <35 characters #F bitnet #T internet #R user@domain #I Methods for sending mail from Bitnet to the Internet vary depending on #I what mail software is running at the Bitnet site in question. In the #I best case, users should simply be able to send mail to "user@domain". #I If this doesn't work, try "user%domain@gateway" where "gateway" is a #I regional Bitnet-Internet gateway site. Finally, if neither of these #I works, you may have to try hand-coding an SMTP envelope for your mail. #I If you have questions concerning this rather terse note, please try #I contacting your local postmaster or system administrator first before #I you send me mail -- John Chew #F compuserve #T fax #R +1 415 555 1212 #I send to "FAX 14155551212" (only to U.S.A.) #F compuserve #T internet #R user@domain #I send to ">INTERNET:user@domain" #F compuserve #T mci #R 123-4567 #I send to ">MCIMAIL:123-4567" #F connect #T internet #R user@domain #I send to CONNECT id "DASNET" #I first line of message: "\"user@domain\"@DASNET" #F easynet #T bitnet #R user@site #C DECWRL::ADMIN #I from VMS use NMAIL to send to "nm%DECWRL::\"user@site.bitnet\"" #I from Ultrix #I send to "user@site.bitnet" or if that fails #I (via IP) send to "\"user%site.bitnet\"@decwrl.dec.com" #I (via DECNET) send to "DECWRL::\"user@site.bitnet\"" #F easynet #T fidonet #R john smith at 1:2/3.4 #C DECWRL::ADMIN #I from VMS use NMAIL to send to #I "nm%DECWRL::\"john.smith@p4.f3.n2.z1.fidonet.org\"" #I from Ultrix #I send to "john.smith@p4.f3.n2.z1.fidonet.org" or if that fails #I (via IP) send to "\"john.smith%p4.f3.n2.z1.fidonet.org\"@decwrl.dec.com" #I (via DECNET) send to "DECWRL::\"john.smith@p4.f3.n2.z1.fidonet.org\"" #F easynet #T internet #R user@domain #C DECWRL::ADMIN #I from VMS use NMAIL to send to "nm%DECWRL::\"user@domain\"" #I from Ultrix #I send to "user@domain" or if that fails #I (via IP) send to "\"user%domain\"@decwrl.dec.com" #I (via DECNET) send to "DECWRL::\"user@domain\"" #F envoy #T internet #R user@domain #C ICS.TEST or ICS.BOARD #I send to "[RFC-822=\"user(a)domain\"]INTERNET/TELEMAIL/US #I for special characters, use @=(a), !=(b), _=(u), any=(three octal digits) #F fidonet #T internet #R user@domain #I send to "uucp" at nearest gateway site #I first line of message: "To: user@domain" #F geonet #T internet #R user@domain #I send to "DASNET" #I subject line: "user@domain!subject" #F internet #T applelink #R user #I send to "user@applelink.apple.com" #F internet #T bitnet #R user@site #I send to "user%site.bitnet@gateway" where "gateway" is a gateway host that #I is on both the internet and bitnet. Some examples of gateways are: #I cunyvm.cuny.edu mitvma.mit.edu. Check first to see what local policies #I are concerning inter-network forwarding. #F internet #T bix #R user #I send to "user@dcibix.das.net" #F internet #T bmug #R John Smith #I send to "John.Smith@bmug.fidonet.org" #F internet #T compuserve #R 71234,567 #I send to "71234.567@compuserve.com" #I note: Compuserve account IDs are pairs of octal numbers. Ordinary #I consumer CIS user IDs begin with a `7' as shown. #F internet #T connect #R NAME #I send to "NAME@dcjcon.das.net" #F internet #T easynet #R HOST::USER #C admin@decwrl.dec.com #I send to "user@host.enet.dec.com" or "user%host.enet@decwrl.dec.com" #F internet #T easynet #R John Smith @ABC #C admin@decwrl.dec.com #I send to "John.Smith@ABC.MTS.DEC.COM" #I (This syntax is for All-In-1 users.) #F internet #T envoy #R John Smith (ID=userid) #C /C=CA/ADMD=TELECOM.CANADA/ID=ICS.TEST/S=TEST_GROUP/@nasamail.nasa.gov #C for second method only #I send to "uunet.uu.net!att!attmail!mhs!envoy!userid" #I or to "/C=CA/ADMD=TELECOM.CANADA/DD.ID=userid/PN=John_Smith/@Sprint.COM" #F internet #T fidonet #R john smith at 1:2/3.4 #I send to "john.smith@p4.f3.n2.z1.fidonet.org" #F internet #T geonet #R user at host #I send to "user:host@map.das.net" #I American host is geo4, European host is geo1. #F internet #T mci #R John Smith (123-4567) #I send to "1234567@mcimail.com" #I or send to "JSMITH@mcimail.com" if "JSMITH" is unique #I or send to "John_Smith@mcimail.com" if "John Smith" is unique - note the #I underscore! #I or send to "John_Smith/1234567@mcimail.com" if "John Smith" is NOT unique #F internet #T mfenet #R user@mfenode #I send to "user%mfenode.mfenet@nmfecc.arpa" #F internet #T nasamail #R user #C #I send to "user@nasamail.nasa.gov" #F internet #T peacenet #R user #C #I send to "user%cdp@arisia.xerox.com" #F internet #T sinet #R node::user or node1::node::user #I send to "user@node.SINet.SLB.COM" or "user%node@node1.SINet.SLB.COM" #F internet #T span #R user@host #C #I send to "user@host.span.NASA.gov" #I or to "user%host.span@ames.arc.nasa.gov" #F internet #T sprintmail #R [userid "John Smith"/organization]system/country #I send to "/C=country/ADMD=system/O=organization/PN=John_Smith/DD.ID=userid/@Sprint.COM" #F internet #T thenet #R user@host #I send to "user%host.decnet@utadnx.cc.utexas.edu" #F mci #T internet #R John Smith #I at the "To:" prompt type "John Smith (EMS)" #I at the "EMS:" prompt type "internet" #I at the "Mbx:" prompt type "user@domain" #F nasamail #T internet #R user@domain #I at the "To:" prompt type "POSTMAN" #I at the "Subject:" prompt enter the subject of your message #I at the "Text:" prompt, i.e. as the first line of your message, #I enter "To: user@domain" #F sinet #T internet #R user@domain #I send to "M_MAILNOW::M_INTERNET::\"user@domain\"" #I or "M_MAILNOW::M_INTERNET::domain::user" #F span #T internet #R user@domain #C NETMGR@NSSDCA #I send to "AMES::\"user@domain\"" #F sprintmail #T internet #R user@domain #I send to "[RFC-822=user(a)domain @GATEWAY]INTERNET/TELEMAIL/US" #F thenet #T internet #R user@domain #I send to UTADNX::WINS%" user@domain " END =============================================================================== Whenever somebody asks a question about networking, somebody invariable says "Buy a copy of `The Matrix'. It's a thorough guide to networks and conferencing systems around the world. If you can send mail from here to there, this book will show you how. The Matrix: Computer Networks and Conferencing Systems Worldwide, John S. Quarterman, Digital Press, Bedford, MA, 719pp, 1990. Distributed in Europe, Africa, and the Middle East by John Wiley and Sons, Ltd. List price $50. Digital order number EY-C176E-DP-SS Digital Press ISBN 1-55558-033-5 Prentice-Hall ISBN 0-13-565607-9 Computer Literacy Bookstore in San Jose has numerous copies and take mail orders at +1-408-435-1118. To order from Europe, Africa, or the Middle East, please contact Geoff Farrell Senior Product Manager John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Baffins Lane Chichester Sussex PO19 1UD England He will know the appropriate tax rules for European countries. Remember to mention the title, author, and ISBN in your order. To order from North America and most other places, send paper mail to: Sales Manager Digital Press Digital Equipment Corporation 12 Crosby Drive BUO/E94 Bedford, MA 01730 U.S.A. The title, author, and Digital Press order number should be included with the order. U.S. correspondents please also include a check for $49.95 plus local sales tax or tax exempt number. For exact tax details for orders from elsewhere, please contact Will Buddenhagen at +1-617-276-1498 or fax +1-617-276-4314. Large quantity discount information may also be gotten from Will Buddenhagen. The discount depends upon the intended use, i.e., whether final sale or for resale. ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- [The following information is courtesy of Sandeep Varma (srvarma@zookeeper.cns.syr.edu)] Another commonly-cited reference is !%@:: A Directory of Electronic Mail Addressing and Networks. 308 pg. $26.95. This book is designed to answer the problem of addressing mail to people you have never met, on networks you've never heard of. It includes a general intro- duction to the concept of e-mail addressing, followed by a detailed reference section, which provides information for over 100 different networks around the world. It is published by: O'Reilly & Associates 632 Petaluma Ave Sebastopol, CA 95472 800-338-6887 The second edition of !%@:: A Directory of Electronic Mail Addressing and Networks, by Donnalyn Frey and Rick Adams will be available in June, 1990. This edition provides readers with a directory and usage guide to over 130 of the world's research, educational and commercial networks. Information has been up- dated as of April 1990, with many new networks added. The book will continue to be updated every ten to twelve months, because of the rate of change in email networks. They have an update policy that allows readers to subscribe to new editions at substantial savings.