6
eXecute  hP41e  Save  Erase  Rename  Chdir  mKdir  rmDir  Tree  Abort  Help

eXecute a BUTTON 
hP41e, compute/program with THE FORTYONE - an HP41CV emulator
Erase an existing BUTTON
Rename an existing BUTTON to another name
Save to disk a new program you have written
Change the default disk or DOS path name for BUTTONS

Abort out of BUTTONS, return to DOS
Help, determine at which help level information is displayed
mKdir, create a new sub-directory
rmDir, remove a sub-directory
Tree, show the directory paths on a disk


Fkeys: 1HELP  2OFF  3SHIFT  4CHS  5USER  6EEX  7PRGM  8SST  9ALPHA  10R/S

Fkeys: 1HELP  2OFF  4CHS  5Printer on/off  6EEX 








Busy looking at the disk, please wait
Name of data file is? 

Press [SPACE] to continue













Move the mouse to the FUNction desired  [CLICK] a button
Press the [KEY] corresponding to the FUNction desired 
Enter data, press keys shown in [ ], up/dn arrow for more text















8087 Co-processor is required for operation
Syntax error, press any key to continue
New directory path or disk name?
was not found because
is current path name
name of BUTTON to Rename?
name of new BUTTON?
cannot be Renamed because
has been Renamed
name of BUTTON to Erase?
cannot be found because
has been Erased
name of the new directory is?
Press [F1] to restore prompts
BUTTONS terminated 
BUTTON to eXecute?
Directory to remove (delete) is?

The BUTTON specified cannot be eXecuted
New BUTTON name is?
Use keyboard [KEY] corresponding to FUNction desired
Move mouse to [KEY] and [CLICK] to eXecute





BUTTON is already defined, please Erase or Rename before reuse


UpArrow, DownArrow, [PgUp], [PgDn] for more - [Esc] to continue




end of file
invalid FUNction number
the BUTTON was not found
the path was not found
DOS cannot process any more programs
access denied to the BUTTON or directory
invalid handle
memory control blocks destroyed
there is not enough memory
invalid memory block address
invalid environment
invalid format
invalid access code
invalid data
an invalid drive was specified
you attempted to remove the current directory
the disks are not the same
there are no more files
the disk is full
file not open

Do you want to make it like an existing program? (Y/N)
name of BUTTON to Save?




Help level wanted, 0,1,2 or 3,4 is













The volume label is
The disk drive to see directories is?





\ 32 184
                                   tm
                 Welcome to BUTTONS

BUTTONS looks like and acts like the very sophisticated HP41CV
programmable hand-held computer but runs on the PC with all the 
PC's advantages of speed, storage and screen display.

By reading this text, you should be able to learn and use 
BUTTONS.

To get HELP, press [F1] anytime. While looking at the help text,
you can scroll the help text with the [up arrow] and 
[down arrow] keys. [PgUp] and [PgDn] page the help a screen at 
a time. [Esc] finishes showing you the help text and returns to 
where you were before asking for help.

 
                   BUTTONS overview

BUTTONS is organized in two levels, corresponding to two types 
of work -- sYstem or eXecution 

The sYstem command level is at the top. Here you are working 
with DOS, the sYstem, all your BUTTONS, and all directories. 
BUTTONs or directories are collectively referred to as NAMEs. 
Active NAMEs are listed in a window on the left of the screen. 
The NAMEs listed in the window on the left of the screen are 
only those in the current disk or path.

The second level is the eXecution level. Here you are working 
with one specific BUTTON or with base functions.

If eXecuting a BUTTON, you will be prompted for the information 
needed by the BUTTON.

If you are using the High Performance HP41CV Emulator 
THE FORTYONE, use the keyboard to interact with programs or 
eXecute base functions.

When you are on the command line and the cursor is positioned 
on a command, a command description is displayed on the prompt 
line underneath the command line.

To select and view descriptions of the commands, position the 
cursor on the command line by pressing the following keys:
[tab], [backtab] (shifted tab), [<--], [SPACE] (space bar),
[left arrow], [right arrow], or [Home].

If you have a Microsoft mouse, you can move the mouse across 
the command line and select a command by "clicking" either 
mouse button [CLICK]. This selects a command just like you had 
entered the command letter.

The active command will be highlighted and the active letter
to select the command is capitalized. Pressing [Enter] will 
select the highlighted command. Keying any active letter will 
select that command, no matter which command is highlighted.

All these selection methods are easy to learn, but with 
experience, entering the command letter will be the easiest 
and fastest to use.

If there is a list of NAMEs in the window on the left of the 
screen, pressing down/up arrow moves you into the list of NAMEs. 
Then use the up and down arrow keys, or move the mouse up or 
down, to move through the NAMEs. If there is more than a 
window full of NAMEsw, the NAMEs will scroll once the cursor 
reaches the top or bottom of the list.

Once you have positioned the cursor next to a NAME, any command 
will execute that NAME without having to key the NAME in. You 
may type any NAME from the keyboard if you are on the command 
line. 

When in the window, the capitalized command letters are still 
active and are selected and executed as described above. 

Return to the command line by keying [Ctrl Home].

Initially, a detailed description of each command and prompt 
is displayed for you. You can use the Help command to limit 
these explanations once you are familiar with the commands 
and prompts.

If the explanation for any command or prompt is longer than one 
screen, press [F1] to see the rest of the HELP text.

After a command is selected. BUTTONS executes the command.
Command execution may require additional information. If so, 
BUTTONS will display a prompt message, asking for information. 
Initially, a detailed explanation is displayed with the prompt.

If the detailed explanation is not displayed or it is more than 
one screen long, [F1] will show you all the explanation.

When you are finished looking at the HELP information, [Esc] 
returns you to the command level.

If prompted for information, and you decide not to finish
the command, [Esc] gets you out of the command and returns you 
to where you started.

If, in processing the response to a prompt, BUTTONS cannot 
eXecute that response, BUTTONS displays a one-line message as 
to the general reason it could not process your response. [F1]
will display a detailed explanation as to why BUTTONS could 
not process your response.

After returning to the command line with [Esc], pressing F1 
will display HELP on the command. If you press [F1] again, you 
will get back to this text. To re-display HELP on a command 
after getting [F1] HELP on it, press [Ctrl F1]. For HELP on 
your last error message, press [Alt F1].

If you have a Microsoft mouse and want to use it, you should 
load the mouse software before entering BUTTONS. You can do 
this by entering MOUSE when at the DOS A> prompt, (with the 
Microsoft MOUSE disk in drive A), putting MOUSE on a line of 
your AUTOEXEC.BAT file or putting DEVICE=MOUSE.SYS on a line 
of your CONFIG.SYS file (if you have either one of these). The 
Microsoft mouse manual explains these terms in more detail. 
Also see your DOS manual. BUTTONS was designed to allow the use 
of the Microsoft mouse at the sYstems level but functions 
perfectly well without one. 

BUTTONS is easily used with a hard disk PC. We recommend that 
while in DOS you follow a sequence of commands similar to those 
below if you have one set of BUTTONS. First, place the BUTTONs 
diskette in drive A:. Then: 
C>MD \BUTTONS
C>CD \BUTTONS
C>COPY A:*.*
C>G

If you have more than one set of buttons, there are at least 
two ways to proceed. If you do not mind a long list of button 
names, follow the instructions above for the first diskette. 
Then for each new diskette do:
C>COPY A:*.B* 
Otherwise, you can make a new sub-directory under the \BUTTONS
directory for the BUTTONS on each diskette. With this technique,
you would place the *.COM and *.TXT files in the \BUTTONS
directory and the *.B* files from each diskette in each sub-
directory under \BUTTONS. When in BUTTONS, use the Chdir
command to select which set of BUTTONS you want.

PRECISION of RESULTS and SPEED. If you have used the Hewlett- 
Packard HP41CV hand-held computers, you know they have 10 digits 
of accuracy and an exponent range of ρ99. When you go to the 
main menu, you will see on the right side of the display either 
"8087 BUTTONS", "6 Digit BUTTONS" or "9 Digit BUTTONS."

"8087 BUTTONS" REQUIRES the 8087 or 80287 co-processor for
computations and will give you a message if you don't have 
one installed. Internally, it has 18 digits of accuracy and is
much faster.

"6 Digit BUTTONS" uses software routines to compute its
results and is accurate to only six decimal digits of accuracy
and an exponent range of ρ38 as well as being much slower
than the 8087. For most of the BUTTONS and much of your work,
the six digits and the speed are enough. But if your answers are
not accurate enough or take too much time, you need to upgrade
to "8087 BUTTONS" and install the 8087/80287 co-processor in 
your machine.

"9 Digit BUTTONS" uses software routines that have more 
accuracy but execute more slowly than 6 Digit BUTTONS to 
achieve 9+ digits of accuracy. Use this version if you need 
the additional accuracy and do not mind the slower execution 
speed.

Now for a friendly word about your legal obligations in using 
BUTTONS. We at Straightforward are attempting to furnish you 
with high quality, easy-to-use functions at a reasonable price. 
You may make backup or archival copies of BUTTONS, but you can 
not give other people a copy of BUTTONS unless they also have 
purchased that copy of BUTTONS. If you are using this program 
and have not purchased it, dial (800) 553-3332 [in California 
the number is (800) 237-9680] and order your very own copy. 
That way, you are legal and we can develop more functions!

BUTTONS and "FUNdamental FUNctions" are trademarks of 
Straightforward.
\ 35 21

        eXecute a BUTTON

The eXecute command will run or process a BUTTON.

A list of the BUTTONS that are on the current disk or
directory is displayed in the window at the left.

Menu selection:
Use the up/down arrows or the mouse to position the cursor next 
to the BUTTON you want to eXecute. If eXecute is highlighted on 
the command bar, [Enter] or [CLICK]. BUTTONS will eXecute that 
program. If eXecute is not highlighted, type X.

Command driven:
Make sure you are on the command bar and select eXecute. You 
will be prompted to type in the BUTTON you want. The BUTTON 
may appear in the NAME list or may be on any disk or in any 
directory. Type X NAME [Enter].

eXecute transfers to the BUTTONS level.
\ 110 10

        BUTTON to eXecute is?

You are being prompted to enter the name of a BUTTON to eXecute.
Enter a NAME, making sure that the NAME is valid. A NAME list 
of current BUTTONS or programs is displayed in the window at 
the left.

If you got here by mistake or do not want to continue, [Esc] 
returns to the command level.
\ 132 22

        the NAME was not found

BUTTONS attempted to locate a NAME, but DOS says it cannot 
find the NAME where it was told to look.

What can you do?

First, look at the list of NAMEs at the left. Use this list 
to make sure of the spelling and re-enter the command and NAME.
Better yet, use the up/down arrow keys to position the cursor
by the NAME you want.

Maybe the NAME is on another disk or in another "path" or sub-
directory. You can try different sub-directories with the
Chdir command and look at the NAMEs in the sub-directories.

Use the Tree command to see all the sub-directories on the disk 
and use the Chdir command to look at each sub-directory. If you 
still cannot find the NAME, Abort out of BUTTONS and use the 
DOS command TREE/F or TREE d:/F (d is a disk drive letter) to 
get a listing of all file names and look for NAME there.
\ 36 45

        hP41e, compute and program with the BUTTONS HP41E.

This command allows you to use BUTTONS as an extended HP41CV 
programmable calculator.

This version of the BUTTONS HP41E supports all Hewlett-Packard 
HP41CV functionality. We recommend that you have available a 
HP41CV owner's handbook to explain all the functions available.

Basically, you will have a menu bar that explains the use of 
the PC function keys. These correspond roughly to the various 
HP41CV shift keys. Then you will have another menu that shows 
the calculator or base functions available and which keyboard 
key to press to get that function. The menu will change with 
each shift [F3], alpha [F9], and prgm [F7] key. To access 
functions that are not on the keyboard, you use X (XEQ) [F9] 
(ALPHA) name [F9] (ALPHA) just like you do on the HP41.

The display shows not only the main numeric display but also 
the YZT and L registers. Numbers, exponents, negative numbers,
alpha strings and program steps are entered as they are on the 
HP41CV. [SPACE] is the HP41CV Enter key and [Enter] and [F10] 
are the HP41CV R/S key.

Thus you can enter programs, modify and execute them just like 
on the HP41CV. The calculator has the ability to Save your 
programming, and you can load them back in at any time with 
the eXecute command. Use the Save command and enter a file 
name in response to the prompt. BUTTONS adds an extent of .BTF 
or .BTS for you ( F for 8087, S for 6 digit BUTTONS.)

You can also create programs with a text editor and compile 
them with the same eXecute command you use to execute BUTTONS. 
The text file should have an extent of .BTN. If you want to see 
a list of .BTN files, key in ! while on the command bar. Key in 
! again to switch back to the regular BUTTON list. Programs 
created this way still execute using the calculator interface. 

If you want to directly enter the calculator, bypassing the 
sYstem level, enter G P [Enter] at the DOS prompt.

Straightforward is interested in receiving your programming 
contributions. If they are sufficiently interesting, we will 
include them in our catalog.
\ 37 39

        Erase an existing BUTTON

The Erase command allows you to Erase an existing BUTTON 
that you no longer require.

Menu select:
Use the up/down arrows or the mouse to position the cursor next 
to the NAME you want to Erase. If Erase is highlighted on 
the command bar, [Enter] or [CLICK]. BUTTONS will Erase that 
program. If Erase is not highlighted, type E.

Command driven:
Make sure you are on the command bar and select Erase. You will 
be prompted to type in a NAME. The NAME may appear in the NAME 
list or may be on any disk or in any directory. Type E, the 
name of the BUTTON, and [Enter].

BUTTONS will Erase the NAME you select. Beware, though. 
Once you Erase a NAME, it is gone forever!

A technical note for interested users.

BUTTONS tells DOS to place the Erased BUTTON in a special 
sub-directory called the TRASHCAN. Thus the program is not 
really Erased until you Abort out of BUTTONS or until you use 
the Chdir command. Then BUTTONS will Erase the programs and 
get rid of the TRASHCAN sub-directory.

If you mistakenly Erase a program, you can get it back before 
the time you exit BUTTONS or use the Chdir command.

Here is how you do it.

Let's say you Erased program UHOH and want to recover it. 
Select the Rename command R. When BUTTONS asks for the NAME 
of the program to Rename, key in \TRASHCAN\UHOH and when asked 
for the NAME of the new program, key in UHOH ...that's all 
there is to it.
\ 104 12

        BUTTON to Erase?

Enter a BUTTON NAME, making sure that NAME is the NAME of a
valid BUTTON. A list of the current NAMEs is displayed in the 
window at the left.

And be sure you really want to Erase this program, because once 
you do, and Abort (exit) from BUTTONS, it is gone forever.

If you got here by mistake or don't want to continue, [Esc] 
returns to the sYstem command level.
\ 38 20

       Rename an existing BUTTON 

This command allows you to Rename an existing BUTTON to another 
NAME or to move a NAME from one directory to another directory 
on the same disk.

Menu select:
Use the up/down arrows or the mouse to position the cursor next 
to the NAME you want to Rename. If Rename is highlighted on 
the command bar, [Enter] or [CLICK]. BUTTONS will Rename that 
program. If Rename is not highlighted, type R.

Command driven:
Make sure you are on the command bar and select Rename. You
will be prompted to type in a NAME. The NAME may appear in the 
NAME list or may be on any disk or in any directory. 
Type R NAME [Enter].

Then you will be prompted to enter the new NAME.
\ 100 11

        BUTTON to Rename?

Enter the NAME of the existing BUTTON. You will be prompted 
for the new NAME.

A list of current NAMEs is displayed in the window at 
the left.

If you got here by mistake or don't want to continue, [Esc] 
returns to the sYstem command level. 
\ 101 15

        NAME of Renamed BUTTON?

You are being prompted for the new NAME for a BUTTON. Enter a 
new NAME or a different sub-directory and NAME for the BUTTON. 
Make sure that the NAME has not already been used. A list of 
the current NAMEs is displayed in the window.

The NAME you enter should obey the rules DOS has for naming
files. It should be between 1 and 8 letters long and be 
composed of letters and/or numbers. BUTTONS will add a special 
extension to the NAME if you do not provide an extent.

If you got here by mistake or don't want to continue, [Esc] 
returns to the sYstem command level.
\ 39 9

        Save a BUTTON 

If you have been programming with THE FORTYONE and want to 
Save your program, Save will write your program to disk so that 
you may easily load it the next time you need it.

Select Save on the command bar. [Enter] or [CLICK] or type 
S NAME [Enter].
\ 152 15

        NAME of program to Save is?

You are being prompted for the NAME of a program to Save.
Enter a program NAME, making sure that the NAME is valid. The 
NAME you enter should obey the rules DOS has for naming files. 
It should be between 1 and 8 letters long and be composed of 
letters and/or numbers. BUTTONS will add a special extension 
to the NAME if you do not provide an extent.

A NAME list of the programs in the current directory is 
displayed in the window on the left. Type in NAME [Enter].

If you got here by mistake or don't want to continue, [Esc] 
returns to the sYstem command level.
\ 40 61

    Chdir... Change to a new disk or DOS path name 

Use this command to change the "default" disk. The "default" 
disk is where DOS looks when you didn't specify a disk when you 
typed in a program NAME.

The format of a disk name is a letter followed by a colon,ie A:

Or use this command to change the default directory on a disk.
DOS 2.xx and above allow you to divide any disk into many named
"paths" or "sub-directories" with each "path" acting as a 
little disk. Refer to your DOS manual for more details.

The NAMEs, in the "current" path on the current disk are 
usually displayed in the window at the left of the screen.
Right now, you see all the directories or paths on the disk.

If you have NAMEs in other paths, use this command to specify 
the new "path" name.

If the path names are too long to see in the window view them 
with the Tree command

When using the eXecute, Save, Erase and Rename commands, the 
BUTTONS or program NAME can be prefixed with any "path" name, 
just as in DOS.

You can change both the disk name and specify a path on the new
disk at the same time by entering d:PATH where d: is the 
disk and PATH is the path on the disk.

Menu select:
Use the up/down arrows or the mouse to position the cursor next 
to the path you want. If Chdir is highlighted on the command
bar [Enter] or [CLICK]. BUTTONS will select that path. If 
Chdir is not highlighted, type C.

Command driven:
Make sure you are on the command bar and select Chdir.
You will be prompted to type in a disk letter or path name.
The path may appear in the list on the left or may be on any 
disk. Type C d: or path [Enter].

Technical notes for interested users.

If you have a diskette based system, you normally do not use 
sub-directories and can skip this section.

When BUTTONS starts, it looks for a file called BUTTONS.DIR. 
This file keeps the list of directories on your disk. If 
BUTTONS.DIR is not found, BUTTONS makes a list of the sub-
directories in the current (BUTTONS) directory and writes them 
into the BUTTONS.DIR file. You will see a message while this 
is happening. If you want to see all the directories on your 
disk, use the Chdir command and specify C:\. If you have a big 
hard disk or many files and sub-directories, this can take 
the better part of a minute, so be patient. 

If you want a new directory list, use the mKdir or rmDir 
command, or erase \BUTTONS.DIR before starting BUTTONS. 
\ 97 31

        New sub-directory or disk name?

Enter disk or sub-directory name -- e.g. A: or \BUTTONS 
or A:\BUTTONS

The Chdir command allows you to change the disk or 
sub-directory that is used to locate BUTTONS.

DOS 2.xx and above allow you to divide the disk into many 
named sub-directories with each sub-directory acting like 
a small disk. See your DOS manual.

A list of the sub-directories on the current disk is shown in 
the narrow window to the left. If you position the cursor on 
the directory name you want before [Enter] or [CLICK] or typing 
C BUTTONS will change to the new directory name automatically.

If you have NAMEs in other than this sub-directory, use this 
command to specify the new sub-directory. 

You can also use this Chdir command to change the default disk,
especially if you are working on an all diskette system.
Just enter A:, B:, C: for the disk you want.

You can change both the disk and the path at the same time by
entering d:path where 'd' is the disk drive letter and 'path'
is the DOS sub-directory -- e.g. C:\BUTTONS

If you got here by mistake or don't want to continue, [Esc] 
returns to the sYstems command level.
\ 135 41

        access denied to the BUTTON or sub-directory

BUTTONS tried to access a NAME and was told by DOS that 
access was denied.

There are five possible reasons for this message.

If you are eXecuting a NAME and there is no help text file 
that BUTTONS can find, and you do not have THE FORTYONE
interface, then you can't eXecute the program since BUTTONS 
would not have any way to prompt you. The help text file is 
a file with the same name as the button with an extent of .BTX. 
Look on your BUTTONS diskette for a file with this name and 
copy it along with your BUTTON file. Otherwise, you can order 
THE FORTYONE by calling (800) 553-3332 [in California the 
number is (800) 237-9680.]

Also in the case of a NAME, this can be is because someone who 
created a NAME has changed its access priviledge so that it 
cannot be accessed.

The best way to proceed is to get the person who created the
NAME to give you a copy that can be accessed.

You can also get this message if you attempt to Rename using 
an existing NAME as the desired new name.

In the case of a directory name, if you are trying to rmDir 
the directory, and there are NAMEs, files or directories 
included the directory you will get this message. Rename or 
Erase all of the NAMEs or files in the directory. Use the Chdir 
command to see if there are any NAMES. rmDir all the 
sub-directories in the directory (possibly chaining down 
even more.)

Use the Tree command to see if there are any sub-directories.

Finally, if you used the mKdir command, the new directory name 
already exists. DOS will not allow this.
\ 42 9

        Abort BUTTONS

When you have finished with BUTTONS, return to DOS by using 
the Abort command.

Select Abort on the command line [Enter] or [CLICK] or type A
Once back in DOS, you can re-enter BUTTONS by retyping its
name, just as you did to get in the first time.
\ 43 30

     Help, determine how much help the system gives you

In the beginning, you will probably want to get as much
information about each command and prompt as possible.
This way, you learn how BUTTONS works and what each prompt
will do for you. 

BUTTONS is normally set up to give you all the assistance 
it can until you become comfortable working with BUTTONS 
and don't need as much assistance.

Using the Help command and specifying a help level of 1,you 
will get rid of the detail explanations for each prompt, but 
will still have the 1 line command explanations. If you need 
any explanation for a prompt, you can get it by pressing [F1].

Command explanations take a small amount of time to display
Turning them off allows you to do some operations more quickly. 
To turn off command explanations, use this command with a
value of 0. The messages will be replaced with a prompt
asking you to press [F1] to get the messages back.

If you are in the minimum help mode with prompts turned off,
you can get the prompts turned back on by pressing [F1].
Pressing [F1] a second time will give you this "HELP" again.

If you don't want the "welcome" message to appear when you enter
BUTTONS, use the H command with a value of 3. A value of 4 
brings the welcome message back.
\ 157 17

        Determine how much HELP information gets displayed

Set Help level:
0 - Display no explanations. 
    KEY [F1] to get to the state of #1 or use this command. 
1 - Display the one line command explanations.  
    KEY [F1] to get the detailed explanations for each prompt.
2 - Display the HELP text that goes with each prompt plus the
    one line command explanations.

3 - Take away the "greeting" message the next time you use
    BUTTONS.
4 - Show the "greeting" message the next time you use BUTTONS.

If you got here by mistake or don't want to continue, [Esc] 
returns to the sYstem command level.
\ 44 43

        mKdir, create a new sub-directory

DOS allows you to divide a disk into many smaller areas called 
sub-directories. Each sub-directory is like a small disk and 
is a convenient way to place different pieces of information
that relate together. That way, when you look at a directory
display, you see a small number of names rather than a big, 
long list. 

A way of visualizing directories is by thinking of the disk as 
a file cabinet. If you make directories at this level, it is 
like you are naming file drawers in the file cabinet. Within 
each file drawer, you can name directories that are like file 
folders. You could even name directories within each file
folder which would be like file folders within file folders.

The disk is organized hierarchically like a tree. It starts at 
the trunk, which can have files or directories. Each directory 
is like a branch from the trunk. Within each directory, you 
can have files and/or more directories, being limited by disk
space or the ability to understand and manage all the branches 
in the tree. The more directories you have, the fewer number 
of files you may have in any directory. However, it will be 
harder to remember which directory has the file. If you have 
few directories, you may have lots of files in any directory.

A list of the directories in the current disk is displayed in 
the narrow window at the left. 

See the directory structure of a disk by using the Tree command.

Menu select:
Use the up/down arrows or the mouse to position the cursor next 
to the path you want to add a sub-directory to. If mKdir is 
highlighted on the command bar [Enter] or [CLICK]. BUTTONS will 
select that path and let you key in the sub-directory name. If 
mKdir is not highlighted, type K.

Command driven:
Make sure you are on the command bar and select mKdir. You 
will be prompted to type in a new sub-directory. 
Type K, the new sub-directory name, [Enter].
\ 107 16

        Directory to create is?

BUTTONS wants you to enter the name of a new directory to be 
included in the directory structure of the disk.

A directory name has between one and eight letters or numbers,
like a file or program NAME, but with no file extent.

To add the directory to the current directory, Enter the new 
directory name. However, to add the directory somewhere else, 
you will have to 'qualify' the new name with an existing path 
name. i.e. \name1[\name2...]\ with as many directory names as 
are necessary.

Use the Tree command to see the current directory structure.
\133 34

        The path you specified could not be found

BUTTONS told DOS to find a disk or path (directory), but
DOS said that the disk or directory was not available.

What can you do?

Finding the proper sub-directory in a complicated large disk
can be a chore. Perhaps the first choice is to check the 
spelling. Then try to remember where the sub-directory was. 
If it is at the root (main directory level) of the disk,
get to it by prefixing its name with a \. If you are trying 
to reference a sub-directory on the current disk, you can
use the up/down arrows to position the cursor by the directory 
you want and let BUTTONS pick it up.

If you specified a new directory or path, check the following:
If you did not preceed the path name with a \ make sure the
path name is a sub-directory in your current directory.
If you used a \ make sure the proper path names preceeded or
"qualified" your path name.

If you specified a disk drive, make sure that the disk drive is
defined for your system (i.e. that you have disk drive A: or B:
or C: or D:). Also make sure that the disk drive letter was
followed with a colon, i.e. A: with no space between A :

If you removed the \TRASHCAN subdirectory, you will get this
message if you try to Erase a NAME without prefixing the NAME
with a disk letter ie A:NAME

Finally, you can use the Tree command to see all the 
directories on a disk.
\ 45 18

        rmDir, remove a sub-directory

If you have created a sub-directory, but no longer need it,
remove it with the rmDir command.

Rename or Erase all NAMEs, programs and other files and rmDir 
all sub-directories from this sub-directory, since DOS will not 
allow you to remove a directory with files or sub-directories 
in it. Then make sure that the sub-directory you want to remove 
is not the current directory, since DOS will not allow that 
either.

A list of the directories in the current disk is displayed in
the narrow window at the left. Position the cursor on the 
directory to rmDir and BUTTONS will pick up the directory.

Use the Tree command to see the directory structure of the disk.
\ 111 19

        Directory to remove is?

Enter the name of a directory to be removed from the directory 
structure of the disk.

To remove a sub-directory of the current directory, enter the 
sub-directory name. However, to remove the directory from 
somewhere else, you will have to 'qualify' the new name with an 
existing path name like \name1... with as many directory names 
as are necessary.

A list of the directories on the current disk is shown in the 
narrow window at the left. If you place the cursor on the 
directory you want to remove before typing D, BUTTONS will pick 
up the name for you.

Use the Tree command to see the directory structure and how to
enter the name.
\ 146 9

        You attempted to remove the current directory

The directory name specified in the rmDir command is the
current directory. DOS will not allow removal because then 
it wouldn't know what the current directory is.

You will have to specify another directory with the Chdir 
command before using rmDir to remove this directory.
\ 46 11

        Tree, show the directory names in a disk

You can divide a disk into many named areas called directories. 
Keeping track of these directories can be a chore.

The Tree command will show all the directories on a disk.

Usually, you will see at least one directory - \TRASHCAN. This 
is where BUTTONS places programs you Erase. You can retreive 
them from the TRASHCAN.
\ 172 11

        The disk drive to see directories is?

You are being prompted for the disk letter for for the disk to
see the directory names or 'tree structure'.

To see the directories on the disk you are currently working 
with, [Enter]

Otherwise, specify the disk as a disk letter followed by a : 
like A: or C:
\ 76 5
F1 HELP  F2 OFF
F3 SHIFT F4 CHS
F5 USER  F6 EEX    
F7 PRGM  F8 SST
F9 ALPHA F10 R/S
\ 134 25

        There are no handles left

BUTTONS tried to read or write to the disk and DOS advised
there were no handles left. A handle is how DOS associates a 
disk file (like a NAME) with the files' information on disk
and DOS needs one handle for each file. BUTTONS uses several 
files, but not enough to get this message. Thus, you normally 
should not get this message. 

If you do get this message, try first to Abort out of BUTTONS 
and re-enter to try again. If that doesn't work, the cure is 
more complicated.

First, Backup your system!!!

Look on the disk you initially load from when you turn on power 
(boot diskette or hard disk) for a file called CONFIG.SYS. If 
you find one, modify it with a word processor or text editor. Look 
for a line that says "FILES=n". If you find one, increase the 
size of the number on the line. If you don't find one, insert 
a line that says "FILES=10" or larger, save the file, then 
re-boot. Do this, increasing the size of the FILES line until 
everything runs. If you can't find CONFIG.SYS, create one and 
make a line that says "FILES=10" as mentioned above.
\ 136 15
        Invalid handle

BUTTONS told DOS to do something, and DOS complained
that it couldn't do it. 

This means that something strange happened. Probably the best
thing to do at this point is Abort out of BUTTONS and then
start it up again.

If the problem insists on repeating, document the actions 
leading up to this message in a letter and send a copy of 
BUTTONS, your programs and any other relevant information to
      Straightforward
      15000 Halldale Avenue Suite 115
      Gardena CA 90247-2153
\ 137 17

        Memory control blocks destroyed.

BUTTONS told DOS to do something, and DOS complained that it 
couldn't do it. 

This is a serious error, and probably means that something bad
has happened to the computer or DOS. Probably the best thing 
to do at this point is Abort out of BUTTONS, reboot the system, 
run CHKDSK on your disks and try again.

If the problem insists on repeating, document the actions 
leading up to this message in a letter and send a copy of 
BUTTONS, your programs and any other relevant information to
      Straightforward 
      15000 Halldale Suite 115
      Gardena CA 90247-2153
\ 138 16

        There is not enough memory.

You have asked BUTTONS to execute a program. The program is 
too large so there is not enough memory in the computer to 
execute the program. 

You will have to get more available memory for BUTTONS. If there
are more programs in memory than BUTTONS (including print 
spoolers, keyboard enhancers, RAM disks ) reboot, leaving out
these extra programs. You may have to change your AUTOEXEC.BAT
startup file to accomplish this. See your DOS manual.

If you are in a network, the network software may be using up 
a lot of memory. You may need to run BUTTONS on a stand alone 
machine without the network software.
\131 16

        Invalid function number

BUTTONS told DOS to do something, and DOS complained 
that it couldn't do it. 

This means that something strange happened. Probably the best
thing to do at this point is Abort out of BUTTONS and then 
start it up again.

If the problem insists on repeating, document the actions 
leading up to this message in a letter and send a copy of 
BUTTONS, your NAMEs and any other relevant information to
      Straightforward
      15000 Halldale Avenue Suite 115
      Gardena CA 90247-2153
\ 139 17

        Invalid memory block address

BUTTONS told DOS to do something, and DOS complained 
that it couldn't do it. See your DOS manual.

This is a serious error, and probably means that something bad
has happened to the computer or DOS. Probably the best 
thing to do at this point is Abort out of BUTTONS, reboot the
system, run CHKDSK on your disks and try again.

If the problem insists on repeating, document the actions 
leading up to this message in a letter and send a copy of 
BUTTONS, your programs and any other relevant information to
      Straightforward 
      15000 Halldale Suite 115 
      Gardena CA 90247-2153
\ 145 9

        Invalid drive ID.

You have tried to change the current or default disk drive,
but have specified a drive letter that is not recognized by
DOS for this computer. 

Perhaps the disk drive letter is for a special disk that 
BUTTONS does not know about. Leave no space between d and :
\ 148 7

        the disks are different.

You wanted to Rename a program to another NAME. However, you
specified a different disk name on the Renamed program, and DOS
cannot do that (you can specify a different sub directory or 
path but not a differnt disk.)
\ 77 41

        Move to the function you want and [CLICK] the button

You are using BUTTONS with a Microsoft mouse. You can use the 
mouse to move to any base function. When you [CLICK] a mouse 
button, the corresponding function is eXecuted.

The keyboard is also active.
Press any keyboard key and the corresponding FUNction eXecutes.
The keyboard keys are as follows:

 δ+    1/X    ϋ    LOG    LN
 Q      W     E     R     T
X<>Y   RDN   SIN   COS   TAN
 A      S     D     F     G
SHIFT  XEQ   STO   RCL   SST
 Z      X     C     V     B
The numbers and + - * /. are themselves.


 δ-   Y^X   X^2   10^X    e^X 
 Q     W     E      R      T
CLδ    %    SIN-1 COS-1  TAN-1
 A     S      D     F      G
SHIFT ASN   LBL    GTO     BST  
  Z    X     C      V       B
x=y?      SF       CF      FS?
 -        7        8        9 
x<=y?    BEEP     P-R      R-P
  +       4        5        6
x>y?     FIX      SCI      ENG
 *        1        2        3
x=0?      PI     LASTx     VIEW
 /        0        .       R/S


Key in the letters on the keyboard.
The keys defined are:

A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
= ? : , and space.

\ 78 35

        Press the key corresponding to the function you want

You are using BUTTONS with the keyboard keys assigned to
base functions. 

For each shift level, a menu will give the key descriptions of 
what keys correspond to what FUNdamental FUNctions.

For instance, pressing the W key will execute the 1/X button 
shown. 

F3 gives you the shifted level, with a different set of 
functions for the same keys. 

If there is a function you want and it is not on the keyboard, 
do [XEQ] [ALPHA] name [ALPHA] like you do on the HP41.

The space bar is like an Enter key when entering numbers. The 
left arrow key above the Enter key works like a backspace key.

You can enter numbers either on the number pad or on the number
row. To use the number pad, NumLock must be displayed in the 
status row. 

If you always use the numeric keypad, especially to enter * 
and +, you can modify the calculator so that [Shift] acts like 
[F3] when you depress it and again like [F3] when you release 
it. To do this, set flag 30.

In order to print on the printer, flags 55 and 21 need to be 
on.

In general, each menu tell you what keys are available and
what they do. Feel free to experiment.
\ 79 57

        Follow instructions in the screen below

You are about to execute a BUTTON or function. There is text to 
go with the function that explains its theory of operation and 
text that gives instructions on what and how to enter data for 
the function.

If you have selected full prompting, what follows after this 
text will be text that explains the theory of operation of the 
function you want to execute. When you have finished reviewing 
the theory, [Esc] will take you to the function itself. There 
you will find a screen of explanations of how to enter the data 
for the function. If the explanations are longer than one 
screen, you can scroll then up or down with the up or down arrow 
keys. At any time, you can go back to review the theory of 
operation by asking for help (F1).

At each step of a BUTTON, you will be prompted for input. At 
this stage, usually you input a number and press [Enter], [A-J],
or [a-j]. You can perform 4 function arithmetic on the input.
Input the first number, then [SPACE]. Input the second number, 
then + - * /. Continue in this sequence, then press [Enter],
[A-J] or [a-j] as indicated.

Remember, if a letter is capitalized, you need to key in the 
capital letter because the lower case letter will either work 
differently or have no effect. Probably the best way is to 
turn on CapsLock. In Buttons, you can tell CapsLock is on 
by looking for CapsLock on the display, and toggle the CapsLock 
key to see its effect.

The top line of the display explains what the function keys do.
F1 is HELP, is shows you the theory of operation for this 
BUTTON. When you [Esc] out of HELP, you will be back in the at
the same place you left.

F2 turns the BUTTON OFF -- it returns to the sYstem level.

F4 or ScrollLock is CHS, it changes the sign of the number 
you are entering. This is how you enter a negative number.

F6 is EEX, it allows you to enter a number in scientific 
notation, with a power of 10 following EEX.

F5 is the printer on/off toggle. If you have a printer, you can 
get a printout of all your computations by using this key.

This message corresponds to the 'greeting' message you see when 
you first start executing BUTTON's and you can get rid of it 
the same way by selecting the Help command in the first menu
and selecting a value of 3. If you do not want to see the 
theory of operation menu, select the Help command with a value 
of 1.

If you want to directly execute a button, bypassing the sYstem 
level, enter G buttonname [Enter] at the DOS prompt.

\ 112 17
On    USER        PRGM  ALPHA

 δ+   1/X    ϋ    LOG   LN

X<>Y  R     SIN   COS   TAN

GOLD  XEQ   STO   RCL   SST

ENTER       CHS   EEX   Del

-       7       8       9 

+       4       5       6

X       1       2       3

φ       0       .       R/S

\ 113 12
ΙΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝ»
Ί δ+   1/X    ϋ    LOG   LN  ISG  RTN   Ί
Ί Q     W     E     R    T    Y    U    Ί
Ί                                       Ί
ΊX<>Y  RDN   SIN   COS  TAN  X<>_ VIEW  Ί
Ί A     S     D     F    G    H    J    Ί
Ί                                       Ί
ΊSHIFT XEQ   STO   RCL  SST  FS?C FC?   Ί
Ί Z     X     C     V    B    N    M    Ί
Ί                                       Ί
ΊThe numbers and + - * /. are themselvesΊ
ΘΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΌ







\ 114 17
Off   USER        PRGM  ALPHA

δ-    Y^X   Xύ    10^X  e^x 

CLδ   %     SIN-1 COS-1 TAN-1

      ASN   LBL   GTO   BST

CATALOG     ISG   RTN   CLx/a

X=Y?    SF      CF      FS?

XσY?    BEEP    P-R     R-P

X>Y?    FIX     SCI     ENG

X=0?    PI      LASTX   VIEW

\ 115 16
ΙΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝ»
ΊFIX SCI ENG BEEP P-R R-P SF CF FS? PI Ί
Ί 1   2   3   4    5   6  7  8  9   0  Ί
Ί                                      Ί
Ί δ-   Y^X   Xύ  10^X  e^x   DSE PROMPTΊ
Ί Q     W    E     R    T     Y    U   Ί
Ί                                      Ί
ΊCLδ    %  SIN-1 COS-1 TAN-1 %CH AVIEW Ί
Ί A     S    D     F    G     H    J   Ί
Ί                                      Ί
ΊSHIFT ASN  LBL   GTO  BST  FC?C  MOD  Ί
Ί Z     X    C     V    B     N    M   Ί
Ί                                      Ί
ΊX=Y?  XσY? X>Y?  X=0 LASTx X#Y?  Xσ0? Ί
Ί "     :    \     /    .     [    ]   Ί
ΘΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΌ


\ 116 17
On    USER        PRGM  ALPHA

A    B    C    D    E

F    G    H    I    J

SHFT K    L    M    SST

N         O    P    BS

Q      R       S       T

U      V       W       X

Y      Z       =       ?

:      Space   .       R/S

\ 117 15
ΙΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝ»
ΊKey in the letters on the keyboard.Ί
ΊThe keys defined are:              Ί
Ί                                   Ί
ΊA B C D E F G H I J K L M          Ί
Ίa b c d e f g h i j k l m          Ί
ΊN O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z          Ί
Ίn o p q r s t u v w x y z          Ί
Ί                                   Ί
Ί0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0              Ί
Ί                                   Ί
Ί= ? : , and space.                 Ί
Ί                                   Ί
Ί^ is the up arrow                  Ί
ΘΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΌ    








\ 118 17
On    USER        PRGM  ALPHA

a    b    c    d    e

δ    %    NE   <    >

SHFT APND ASTO ARCL BST

Up Arrow  Del  $    CLA

-      7       8       9

+      4       5       6

*      1       2       3

φ      0       .       AVIEW

\ 119 17
ΙΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝ»
ΊKey in the letters on the keyboard.Ί
ΊThe keys defined are:              Ί
Ί                                   Ί
ΊA B C D E   G   I J                Ί
Ίa b c d e f g h i j k l m          Ί
ΊN   P Q R S T U V W X Y Z          Ί
Ίn o p q r s t u v w x y z          Ί
Ί0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0              Ί
Ί% < > + - * / .                    Ί
Ί                                   Ί
ΊF=δ, H=NE, BS=CLA                  Ί
Ί                                   Ί
ΊK=Alpha append, O=delta            Ί
Ί                                   Ί
ΊL=Asto, M=Arcl                     Ί
ΘΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΝΌ




\ 120 17
On    USER        PRGM  ALPHA

δ+    1/X   ϋ     LOG   LN

X<>Y  R     SIN   COS   TAN

SHIFT XEQ   STO   RCL   SST

ENTER       CHS   EEX   Del

-       7       8       9

+       4       5       6

X       1       2       3

φ       0       .       R/S

\ 121 9
 δ+    1/X    ϋ     LOG   LN
 Q      W     E      R     T

X><Y   RDN   SIN    COS  TAN
 A      S     D      F    G

SHIFT  XEQ   STO    RCL  SST
 Z      X     C      V    B

The numbers and + - * /. are themselves.