HELP! HELP! HELP! HELP! HELP! HELP! HELP!

Welcome to the CIRCAD interactive 
context sensitive help system.  
Detailed information is available on 
selection menus, dialogue boxes, and 
error messages.

You may request help at any time by 
pressing the <center°mouse> button or 
<Alt-F10> on the main keyboard.

Main menu bar: 
The main menu bar may be invoked by 
using any of the three following 
methods.

1.°°Press <space°bar> on the keyboard.

2.°°Type a key that matches one of the 
nine "action" characters that are 
highlighted on the main menu bar.

3.°°Slide the cursor to the top scan 
line of the screen and press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Once invoked, the cursor can easily be 
moved throughout the menu selections by 
either using the <>, <>, <>, and 
<> keys, or by rolling the mouse about.

As each menu is displayed, a prompting 
message for that menu is provided on 
the status line at the bottom of the 
screen.


$Select help topic
At this time, you must select one of 
the main help topics or [Escape] to 
continue.


$GENERAL
Welcome to the CIRCAD interactive 
context sensitive help system.  
Detailed information is available on 
selection menus, dialogue boxes, and 
error messages.

You may request help at any time by 
pressing the <center°mouse> button or 
<Alt-F10> on the main keyboard.

Main menu bar: 
The main menu bar may be invoked by 
using any of the three following 
methods.

1.°°Press <space°bar> on the keyboard.

2.°°Type a key that matches one of the 
nine "action" characters that are 
highlighted on the main menu bar.

3.°°Slide the cursor to the top scan 
line of the screen and press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Once invoked, the cursor can easily be 
moved throughout the menu selections by 
either using the <>, <>, <>, and 
<> keys, or by rolling the mouse about.

As each menu is displayed, a prompting 
message for that menu is provided on 
the status line at the bottom of the 
screen.


$No active file
No active file.

The function that you just selected 
cannot be performed without a data file 
to act upon.  At the present time, no 
data files are open for editing.

To continue, you must do one of the 
following:

1.°°Open a data file.

2.°°Perform a function that does not need 
an active data file.

3.°°Exit from CIRCAD and return to the 
operating system.


$File in use
File in use.

The function that you just selected 
would modify the current data file.

This is not allowed at the present 
time, however, because the file is 
being processed by another task and 
is accessable in a "read only" mode 
for viewing but not for modifying.

To continue, you must do one of the 
following:

1.°°Refrain from using file modification 
functions until the background task 
completes its operation upon this file.

2.°°Select or open a different data file 
that if free from such restrictions.

3.°°Terminate the background task that 
is using this data file.


$Menu
Main menu bar.

The main menu bar may be invoked by any 
of the three following methods:

1.°°Press <space°bar> on the keyboard.

2.°°Type a key that matches one of the 
nine "action" characters that are 
highlighted on the main menu bar.

3.°°Slide the cursor to the top scan 
line of the screen and press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Once invoked, the cursor can easily be 
moved throughout the menu selections by 
either using the <>, <>, <>, and 
<> keys, or by rolling the mouse about.

As each menu is displayed, a prompting 
message for that menu is provided on 
the status line at the bottom of the 
screen.


$File not found
File not found.

This is a `File°not°found' error 
message.

This message is produced when DOS 
signals that the specified file cannot 
be located.  This condition is most 
often produced by an incorrect drive 
name or directory path.

To continue, you must escape from the 
current function and re-try with 
correct input data.


$Bad file name
Bad file name.

This is an `Invalid°file°name' error 
message.

This message is produced when DOS 
signals that the specified file cannot 
be opened.  This condition is most 
often produced by an incorrect drive 
name or directory path.

To continue, you must escape from the 
current function and re-try with 
correct data.


$Select layer
Select a single layer.

This menu is used to select a layer 
for the next higher level function.

The current layer is identified by 
shading.


$Select layers
Select multiple layers.

This menu is used to select a set of 
layers for the next higher level 
function.

The current layer(s) are identified 
by shading.


$FILE
The "File" functions are used to 
control the flow of data into or out 
of the active system memory.

The file functions selection menu can 
be invoked be typing <F> on the 
keyboard when no other functions are 
in progress.

A detailed help message is available 
for each of the file functions by 
pressing <center°mouse> or <Alt-F10> 
at the appropriate time.


$File
The file functions.

The selections in this menu are used to 
control the flow of data into or out of 
the active system memory.

A detailed help message is available 
for each file selection.


$File New File
The `New°File' function is used to 
begin a new drawing file that does not 
currently exist on disk.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
prompt you to enter the new disk file 
name.

If the newly entered file name already 
exists on disk, a warning message will 
appear and you will be prompted to 
indicate whether you want to overwrite 
the previous data file, enter a new 
file name, or escape from the requested 
function.

An additional dialogue box will then 
appear which will prompt you to select 
a template file that will be used to 
establish the basic working parameters 
for the new data file.

Further help is available on each of 
the following data entry boxes.


$New file name
New file name.

This is a `New°file°name' entry box.

At this time, you must enter the desired 
new file name or press <Escape> to exit 
from the function.

If the newly entered file name already 
exists on disk, a warning message will 
appear and you will be prompted to 
indicate whether you want to overwrite 
the previous data file, enter a new file 
name, or escape from the requested 
function.

An additional dialogue box will then 
appear which will prompt you to enter 
the name of a template file that will 
be used to establish the basic working 
parameters for the new data file.


$Select template
Template file selection.

A template file is used to establish the 
basic working parameters (i.e layers, 
colors, draw modes, etc.) for the new 
data file.

At this time, you must select the 
desired template file type or press 
<Escape> to signal that no template 
file is to be used.  If you specify 
no template file, the default setup 
parameters (but no file data) will be 
taken from the most recent data file.  
If no data file has been loaded this 
session, the standard system default 
values will be used.

If desired, any working file may be 
used as a template if you simply delete 
the unwanted data.


$Template file name
Template file name.

This is a `Template°file°name' entry 
box.

A template file is used to establish the 
basic working parameters (i.e layers, 
colors, draw modes, etc.) for the new 
data file.

At this time, you must enter the desired 
template file name or press <Escape> to 
signal that no template file is to be 
used.  If you specify no template file, 
the default setup parameters (but no 
file data) will be taken from the most 
recent data file.  If no data file has 
been loaded this session, the standard 
system default values will be used.

If desired, any working file may be 
used as a template if you simply delete 
the unwanted data.


$New file warning
New file warning.

This is a `New°file°exists' warning
message.

If you do not want to over-write the 
existing file with this name, you must 
enter a different file name, path, 
or drive.

If you want to open this file for 
viewing or editing you must use the 
`Open°File' function.


$File Open File
The `Open°File' function is used to 
view or edit a data file that already 
exists on disk.  You may open as many 
files as memory space allows.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
allow you to select the desired data 
file from a sorted directory list.

Opening a file that is currently active 
in the system is not allowed and will 
result in an error message.
If you wish to edit of view a file that 
has already been opened, you can use 
either the `Next°File' or 
`Previous°File' functions to search for 
the desired file amongst the set of 
open data files.


$Select data file
Select a data file to be opened.

The top line of the menu shows the 
current drive and directory path.  If 
you explicitly modify this entry, be 
sure to conform to the existing 
format [d:\path\].

The second line at the top shows the 
file search mask [i.e.°*.*].  Any 
desired search mask may be used.
If there are no wild-card characters 
in the mask, it will be treated as a 
complete file name and the file 
selection menu will be closed.

Within the selection box, directories 
are listed first and are enclosed in 
brackets.  The special directory entry 
`[..]' is used to back down the 
directory tree.


$Unrecognizable file
Unrecognizable file type.

This is an `Invalid°file°type' error 
message.

Please choose a different file name 
or path. 


$File is active
File is active.

This is a `File°already°open' error
message.

Opening a file that is currently active 
in the system is not allowed and will 
result in an error message. 

If you wish to edit of view this file, 
you can use either the `Next°File' or 
`Previous°File' functions to search for 
the desired file amongst the set of 
open data files.


$Memory is full
Memory is full.

This is a `Memory°is°full' error
message.

At this time, you must use `Close File' 
to close one or more of the active 
files, thus freeing up their memory.

This is generally not a fatal error.
 

$File Close File
The `Close°File' function is used to 
remove a data file from the active 
system memory, thus freeing its space 
for use by other files.

If the file has been modified since the 
most recent save operation, a warning
message will appear and you will be 
prompted to indicate whether you want 
to save the current file to disk, 
discard the changes, or escape from the 
requested function.


$Close save warning
Close save warning.

This is a `Save°before°closing' warning 
message.


$File Next File
The `Next°File' function is used to 
switch the display and editing system 
to the next sequential element in the 
set of active data files.

The files are accessed in a rotary 
fashion in the order in which they 
were opened.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <Alt-N>.


$File Prev File
The `Previous°File' function is used 
to switch the display and editing 
system to the previous sequential 
element in the set of active data files.

The files are accessed in a rotary 
fashion in the reverse of the order 
in which they were opened.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <Alt-hyphen>.


$File Information
The `File°Information' function is used 
to display statistical information on 
the current data file.

When you select this function, the 
current data file is scanned and the 
results are displayed in a pop-up 
dialogue box.


$System/File Information
File Information.

The currently active file's drive, 
path, and name are displayed at the 
top of the dialogue box.

The actual extents of the data within 
the file (in inches) are displayed on 
the left.

Statistical data on the file are 
displayed on the right.

Memory utilization data are displayed 
on the bottom.
 

$File Save File
The `Save°File' function is used to 
write the current data file out to 
disk.  You may use this function 
periodically during an editing session 
to help protect your work from loss 
due to power outages, etc.

The first time a file is saved (per 
session), a backup copy is created.  
Additional saves do not disturb this 
backup copy of the file.  The backup 
file is named by using one of the 
two following methods:

1.°°If a directory exists on the target 
drive with the name "d:\CIRCAD\BACKUP", 
the original file is moved to that 
directory without changing the file 
name or extension.

2.°°If no such backup directory can be 
found, then the file name extension on 
disk of the original file is changed to 
".BAK".

This same function is available by 
simply typing <Alt-W>.


$File Save As ...
The `Save°As°...' function is used to 
write the current data file out to disk 
under a different name or in a 
different file format.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
prompt you to enter the new disk file 
name. The current file name is shown in 
the entry box.

If the newly entered file name already 
exists on disk, a warning message will 
appear and you will be prompted to 
indicate whether you want to overwrite 
the previous data file, enter a new 
file name, or escape from the requested 
function.


$Save as ...
Save as ...

This is a `Save°As°...' file name entry 
box.  It is used to write the current 
data file out to disk under a different 
name or in a different data format.

If the newly entered file name already 
exists on disk, a warning message will 
appear and you will be prompted to 
indicate whether you want to overwrite 
the previous data file, enter a new 
file name, or escape from the requested 
function.


$File Gerber Plot
The `Gerber°Plot' function is used to 
create a set of data files on disk in 
RS-274-D format for subsequent plotting 
by a Gerber photo plotter.

When you select this function, a nested 
series of pop-up dialogue boxes will 
appear for the specification of the 
desired output data files.

Detailed help messages are available 
on each such dialogue box.

An aperture list (wheel) is 
automatically created by the program 
before the Gerber output files are 
written.  If you wish to supply a 
pre-defined aperture list, it may be 
loaded by using the `Script File' 
function.  See Chapter 10 in the users 
manual for a complete description.


$Gerber photo plot
Gerber photo plot parameters.

This function is used create a set of 
output files in RS-274-D format for 
subsequent plotting by a Gerber photo 
plotter.

The following data are required by this 
function:

File°Name: 
The three byte entry in 
this column will be used as a suffix to 
the current file name when writing the 
Gerber files to disk.

File°Type: 
The entry in this column 
will be chosen from a list provided by 
a secondary selection menu.

Mirror°Image: 
You must specify `YES' 
for any layer that is to be printed on 
the "bottom" of the board.  This 
applies to the under-side of the inner 
layers as well as the outer surfaces.

Source°Layers: 
This column is used to 
specify the data file layers that are 
to serve as the source for each of the 
Gerber output files.  Several source 
layers may be combined into a single 
output file at this time.  This feature 
is useful when producing silk screening 
with component outlines on both sides 
of the board.

Selecting [Confirm] will initiate the 
output.


$Select file type
Set file type.

This function is used to set the file 
type parameter for an individual Gerber 
Plot output file.

A brief description of each file type 
follows:

Copper: 
This file type must be specified for 
all target layers that are to consist 
of conductive circuit traces and pads.  
All data contained on layer zero will 
automatically be included with the 
selected source layer when creating 
this output file.

Plane: 
This file type must be specified for 
power and ground plane layers.  All 
data contained on layer zero will 
automatically be included with the 
selected source layer when creating 
this output file.  All through-pads 
will be plotted as a square or circular 
`annular ring' with an inside diameter 
equal to that of the actual pad.

Mask: 
This file type must be specified for 
both the top and the bottom solder 
resist masking layers.  All data 
contained on the layer zero will 
automatically be included with the 
selected source layer when creating 
this output file.  All through-pads 
will be enlarged by 5 mils for 
clearance before they are plotted.

Paste: 
This file type must be specified for 
both the top and the bottom surface 
mount solder paste stencil layers.  All 
surface pads on the corresponding 
copper layers will automatically be 
included with the selected source layer 
when creating this output file.  All 
surface pads will be shrunk by 5 mils 
for clearance before they are plotted.

Drill: 
This file type is used to create a 
drill tape for the Excellon drill 
machine.  There should be one and only 
one such file in each set of Gerber 
output files.  No source layer should 
be called out and the file should not 
be mirrored.  The standard file name 
suffix is `DRL'.

Symbols: 
This file type should be specified to 
create a new CIRCAD data file containing 
drill drawing symbols instead of 
through-pads.  The resulting file may 
be plotted on a pen plotter or it may 
be converted to a Gerber file in a 
separate operation.

Silk: 
This file type must be specified for 
each target silk screen layer.  All 
data contained on layer zero will 
automatically be included with the 
selected source layer when creating 
this output file.  No pads are 
generated for silk screen files.

Reports: 
This file type should be specified once 
and only once per set of Gerber output 
files.  Doing so will create an ASCII 
text file containing the Gerber 
aperture list, the Excellon tool list, 
and the DOS file list.  The resulting 
file may be printed with any listing 
utility program.


$File Pen Plot
The `Pen°Plot' function is used to 
create a hard copy of the current data 
file on a vector oriented plotting 
device.

When you select this function, a nested 
series of pop-up dialogue boxes will 
appear for the selection of the layers 
to be plotted and the conditions under 
which the plot will occur.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <Alt-P>.


$Pen plot output
Pen plot parameters.

This function is used to control all 
parameters needed for pen plotting the 
data file.

Each of the source file layers are 
listed along with a selectable pen 
number to be used when plotting the 
layer.  Specifying pen number zero will 
inhibit plotting of that layer.  Any 
combination of layers and pen numbers 
may be used.

Below the layer/pen number selection 
area are three setup commands for 
various plotting parameters.  Detailed 
help messages are available for each of 
these functions once they have been 
invoked.

Selecting [Confirm] will initiate the 
pen plot operation as a background task.

Editing can continue on any other data 
file once the plot has commenced.


$Plotter setup
Set pen plot device parameters.

File/Com: 
This parameter specifies the number of 
the serial port to be used when 
transmitting data to the pen plotter 
(COM1 or COM2).  Entering a value of 
zero will direct the plotting output to 
a disk file.

Baud Rate, Parity, Data & Stop Bits: 
If the data output stream is directed 
to a serial communications port, these 
parameters must be set to match those 
of the attached plotting device.  
Consult your plotter manual for the 
proper line settings.

X & Y Corrections: 
Consult your plotter manual for the 
proper settings, or see Chapter 9 in 
the CIRCAD manual for explicit 
instructions.

The next group of selections are used 
to define the "language" that will be 
used to control the plotter.  Each 
selection will invoke a pop-up dialogue 
box for the entry of the specific 
command.  Detailed help messages are 
available on each such dialogue box.

The bottom item is pen size setup, 
a pop-up dialogue box will appear for 
the specification of the pen sizes.

Selecting [Save and Confirm] will 
accept the current parameters and write 
them to disk so that they will be in 
effect for all future editing sessions.

Selecting [Confirm] will accept the 
current parameters for the remainder 
of this editing session.


$Pen down command
Pen Down command.

This is a `Pen°Down' command entry box.

The required character string can be 
found in your plotter manual.

$Pen up command
Pen Up command.


This is a `Pen°Up' command entry box.

The required character string can be 
found in your plotter manual.


$Pen select command
Pen Select command.

This is a `Pen°Select' command entry 
box.

The required character string can be 
found in your plotter manual.


$Pen velocity command
Pen Velocity command.

This is a `Pen°Velocity' command entry 
box.

The required character string can be 
found in your plotter manual.


$Pen position command
Pen Position command.

This is a `Pen°Position' command entry 
box.

The required character string can be 
found in your plotter manual.


$Pen init command
Pen Initialization command.

This is a `Pen°Initialization' command 
entry box.

The required character string can be 
found in your plotter manual.


$Pen stop command
Pen Termination command.

This is a `Pen°Termination' command 
entry box.

The required character string can be 
found in your plotter manual.


$Pen setup
Set pen parameters.

Tip diameter: 
These numbers are used to specify the 
size (in mils) of the tip of each of 
the pens.  These values are needed in 
order to properly size and fill lines 
and pads.

Pen Velocity: 
This parameter sets the speed that the 
plotter will move the pen during draw 
operations.  Consult your plotter 
manual for recommendations.


$Output setup
Set plotting output parameters.

This function is used to crop, align, 
and scale the file data as it is sent 
to the plotter.

Input X&Y Min&Max: 
These four values are used define a 
rectangle which specifies the plotting 
extents on the source data file.  Any 
element outside of this rectangle will 
not be processed for plotting.

Input X&Y Minus: 
These values are used to indicate the 
"zero-point" of the source data with 
respect to the plotter.

An easy method of finding these points 
is to place the cross-hair cursor over 
the desired point on the screen and 
read the XY coordinate values from the 
status line.  Be sure to drop the 
decimal point when converting to mils.
 
If a containment block is defined 
before plotting, the block extents and 
reference point will be used as default 
values for the plot extents and zero 
point.
 
Multiply by: 
This number is used to increase or 
decrease the size of the plot.  Values 
greater than 1.0000 magnify the image 
while values less than 1.0000 
de-magnify the image.  Any negative 
value will mirror the output in the X 
direction.

Output X&Y Plus: 
These values are used to re-locate the 
target zero-point on the plotter.  For 
HP7400 series plotters, small positive 
values can be used to move the drawing 
away from the far corner of the paper.

All of these values are saved with the 
data file.

See Chapter 9 of the Users Manual for 
more information.


$Mode setup
Set pen plot drawing modes.

This function is used to set the 
drawing modes for each of the data 
types.

The lower the number the faster the 
plotting will be, but the resulting 
plot may be less informative.

Use low numbers to test the position 
and size of the plot on the paper.

With sparse fill you can see both sides 
of a two sided board. 


$Pen plot file name
Pen plot file name.

This is a `Pen°plot°file' name entry
box.

The suggested file name is the source 
file name with a ".PLT" suffix.  If you 
desire the output to go to a different 
drive, directory, or file name, simply 
erase the current file name and enter 
any valid new one.


$File BOM Output
The `Bill°Of°Materials' output function 
is used to write out a bill of materials 
and parts listing from the current data 
file to disk in the form of a printable 
file ASCII data file.

A pop-up dialog box will appear for the 
entry of the file name.  Entering "LPT1" 
or "LPT2" will send the report to your 
printer.

If your printer uses HP laser fonts, 
you may want to specify "/H" after the 
file name to direct the data through 
the HP output filter.


$Bill-of-material file name
This is a `Bill°Of°Material 
File°Name' entry box.

The default is file name is shown.

Entering "LPT1" or "LPT2" will send the 
report directly to your printer.

If your printer uses HP laser fonts, 
you may want to specify "/H" after the 
file name to direct the data through 
the HP output filter.


$File Library View
The `Library°View' function is used 
view or edit the current image library 
data file.

If no library file has been opened, a 
pop-up dialogue box will appear for the 
entry of the desired library file name.


$File Library File
The `Library°File' function is used 
open a new symbols library data file.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear for the entry 
of the desired library file name.


$Library file name
Library file name.

This is a `Library°file°name' entry
box.

To continue, you must enter the 
complete drive, path, and file name of 
the desired image library.


$File Script File
The `Script°File' function is used load 
and execute a command file from disk.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear for the entry 
of the desired script file name.

This function is useful to effect 
large-scale changes in the function or 
operation of Circad during a editing 
session.


$Script file name
Script file name.

This is a `Script°file°name' entry
box.

Enter the desired script file name with 
its suffix.

This function is useful to effect 
large-scale changes in the function or 
operation of Circad during a editing 
session.


$File Help Index
The `Help°Index' function will display 
a menu listing several help topic 
selections.

Context-sensitive help is available at 
any time by pressing the <center°mouse> 
button or <Alt-F10> on the main 
keyboard.


$File Exit/Quit
The `Exit/Quit' function is used end 
an editing session and return to the 
operating system.

If you have modified any of the active 
data files, a warning message will 
appear for each such file and you will 
be prompted to indicate whether you 
want to save the file to disk, discard 
the changes, or escape from the 
requested function.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <Alt-X>.


$Exit save warning
Exit save warning.

This is a `Save°before°exit' warning
message. Selecting [Yes] will save the 
file to disk.  Selecting [No] will 
discard any changes to the file.  
Selecting [Escape] will return you 
to the program.


$Exit plot warning
Exit plot warning.

This is an `Exit°while°plotting' 
warning message.  At the present time, 
a plotting operation is still active as 
a background task.  Selecting [Yes] 
will cause the unconditional 
termination of the plotting operation.


$PLACE
The "Place" functions are used 
to add new elements to the current data 
file.

The place functions selection menu can 
be invoked be typing <P> on the 
keyboard when no other functions are 
in progress.

Most of the selections will invoke 
a pop-up dialogue box for the entry of 
detailed specifications on the item to 
be placed.

A detailed help message is available 
for each of the place functions by 
pressing <center°mouse> or <Alt-F10> 
at the appropriate time.


$Place
The new item placement functions.

The functions in this menu are used to 
add new elements to the current data 
file.  Most of the selections will 
invoke a pop-up dialogue box for the 
entry of detailed specifications on the 
item to be placed.

Each of these functions will reset the 
current processing mode such that they 
can be repeated simply by pressing 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.  Once set in 
this manner, the function will remain 
in effect until it is reset by a 
different menu selection.


$Place Line
Place line segments.

This function is used to construct a 
straight line segment between any two 
points.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
prompt you to enter the destination 
layer and line thickness.

The default line placement parameters 
are re-loaded each time you grab or 
edit an existing line segment.  This 
feature aids in replication of existing 
data structures.


$Place Line parameters
Place line parameters.

Layer name: 
This parameter specifies the target 
layer onto which the line will be 
placed.

Line thickness: 
This parameter specifies the width (in 
mils) of the "pen" that will be used to 
draw the line.


$Place: Line
Place line segments.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Line' mode.  This function will 
construct a straight line segment 
between any two points.

Each time you press <left°mouse> or 
<Enter>, a new line segment will be 
started from the position of the 
current cursor.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> will 
terminate the line placement function.


$Place Ortho-line
Place ortho-line segments.

This function is used to construct a 
line segment that is constrained to 
follow one of the four cardinal 
directions and their four diagonals.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
prompt you to enter the destination 
layer and line thickness.

The default line placement parameters 
are re-loaded each time you grab or 
edit an existing line segment.  This 
feature aids in replication of 
existing data structures.


$Place: O-Line
Place ortho-line segments.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Ortho-line' mode.  This function will 
construct a line segment that is 
constrained to one of the four cardinal 
directions and their four diagonals.

Each time you press <left°mouse> or 
<Enter>, a new line segment will be 
started from the position of the 
current cursor.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> 
will terminate the line placement 
function.


$Place Vertex
Place a vertex.

This function is used to add a vertex 
to the interior of an existing line 
segment.

This function is useful as an 
alternative to deleting an existing 
line segment and placing new ones when 
routing around an obstacle.

To use this function, the cursor must 
be located within the body of the 
desired source line segment.

No pop-up dialogue boxes are used by 
this function.


$Place: Vertex
Place a vertex.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Vertex' mode.  This function will add a 
vertex to the interior of an existing 
line segment.

Each time you press <left°mouse> or 
<Enter>, the area directly beneath the 
cursor point is scanned for a line 
segment, with preference given to lines
on the current layer.  If one is 
discovered, it will be broken into two 
line segments and each of the new 
end-points will be attached to the 
graphics cursor.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> 
will mend the broken line segment
and return it to its original position.

When the newly created vertex has been 
positioned as desired, it can be tacked 
down onto the drawing field by pressing 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Immediately upon placement, the vertex 
can be "unplaced" simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.

This function is useful as an 
alternative to deleting an existing 
line segment and placing new ones when 
routing around an obstacle.


$Place Arc/circle
Place an arc, circle, or ellipse.

This function is used to create a 
partial or complete circle or ellipse. 

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
prompt you to enter the several 
parameters needed for the construction 
of the desired arc.

The default arc placement parameters 
are re-loaded each time you edit an 
existing arc.  This feature aids in 
replication of existing data structures.


$Arc/circle parameters
Arc/circle parameters.

Layer name: 
This parameter specifies the target 
layer onto which the arc will be placed.

Line thickness: 
This parameter specifies the width 
(in mils) of the "pen" that will be 
used to draw the circumference line.

Radius: 
This parameter specifies the distance 
(in mils) from the central point to the 
center of the circumference line.

Start angle: 
This parameter specifies the point at 
which the arc will begin.  This value 
is specified in degrees 
counter-clockwise from "three o'clock".

Sweep angle: 
This parameter specifies the length (in 
degrees) of the active chord through 
which the arc is to be drawn.  Negative 
values yield clockwise arcs.

Elliptical eccentricity: 
This parameter specifies the ratio of 
the minor radius to the major radius.  
A value of one yields a circular arc.

Rotation angle: 
This parameter specifies the angle (in 
degrees CCW) through which the 
reference frame should be rotated prior 
to constructing the arc.  For circular 
arcs, this value is simply added to the 
`Start angle' parameter.


$Place: Arc
Place an arc, circle, or ellipse.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Arc' mode.  This function will 
construct an arc using previously 
defined parameters.


$Place Pad
Place pad.

This function is used to create a pad, 
a via, or a mounting hole.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
prompt you to enter the several 
parameters needed for the construction 
of the desired pad.

The default pad placement parameters 
are re-loaded each time you edit an 
existing pad.  This feature aids in 
replication of existing data 
structures.


$Place Pad parameters
Place pad parameters.

Pin name: 
This parameter is used for identifying 
pads within components.  For free pads, 
vias, and mounting holes, this 
parameter should be null.

Layer name: 
This parameter specifies the target 
layer onto which surface-pads are to be 
placed.  For through-pads, this 
parameter is used to designate the 
power or ground plane layer that is to 
receive a thermally relieved pad.  All 
other through-pads should be placed on 
layer zero (Pad Master).

Pad type code: 
This parameter specifies the target 
pad's type, style, and shape.  When you 
select this parameter, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
display the available options.

Pad & Hole sizes: 
These parameters are available only for 
through-pads.  These values are 
specified in mils.

X & Y sizes: 
These parameters are available only for 
surface pads.  These values are 
specified in mils.


$Select Pad/Via Type
Pad/Via Type.

Select your choice from the available 
list of pad types.  The current value 
is identified by shading.

A brief description of the choices are 
as follows:

T0: 
This pad type is used for component 
pins on schematic drawing files.

T1: 
This pad type is used for all normal 
pins on printed circuit boards.

T2: 
This pad type is used for to denote 
component pin one on printed circuit 
boards.

T3: 
This pad type is used for vias on 
printed circuit boards.

S0: 
This pad type is reserved for future 
expansion and should not be used.

S1 & S2: 
These pad types are used for 
surface mount components on printed 
circuit boards.

S3: 
This pad type is used for connection 
"dots" on schematic drawing files.


$Place: Pad
Place a pad.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Pad' mode.  This function will create a 
pad, a via, or a mounting hole using 
previously defined parameters.


$Place Via
Place via.

This function is used to create a 
connecting via at the junction of two 
line segments.

The default parameters used to create 
the via may be modified by using the 
`Setup Via' function.

This function will issue a delay and 
put itself in auto-repeat mode if and 
only if you invoke it by rolling the 
cursor to the top of the screen and 
selecting it through the menu system.

Using any other invocation method, this 
function will place a via at the 
position of the current cursor without 
altering any of the system status 
parameters.


$Place: Via
Place a via.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Via' mode.  This function will create 
a via using the previously defined 
via parameters.

These parameters may be modified by 
using the `Setup Via' function.


$Place Text
Place text data string.

This function is used to create an 
ASCII text string for labeling 
purposes.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
prompt you to enter the destination 
layer, text size, and rotational angle.

The default text placement parameters 
are re-loaded each time you grab or 
edit an existing text string.  This 
feature aids in replication of existing 
data structures.


$Text string parameters
Text string parameters.

Layer name: 
This parameter specifies the target 
layer onto which the text will be 
placed.

Text size: 
This parameter specifies the font 
height (in mils) of the target text 
string.

Rotations angle: 
This parameter specifies the angle 
through which the text is to be rotated 
before it is generated.  This value is 
specified in degrees counter-clockwise 
from the "normal" left to right viewing 
direction.


$Place: Text
Place a text string.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Text' mode.  This function will create 
an ASCII text string using previously 
defined parameters.

These parameters can be changed by 
re-issuing the `Place Text' command.

The default text placement parameters 
are re-loaded each time you grab or 
edit an existing text string.  This 
feature aids in replication of existing 
data structures.


$Place Component
Place component.

This function is used to fetch a 
component from the symbols library.

Each time you use this function, a 
pop-up dialogue box will appear which 
will prompt you to enter the several 
parameters needed to define the desired 
component.

If the component pattern name is not 
known, entering a question mark [?], 
or a null line will invoke the image 
library in browse mode.

The default component placement 
parameters are re-loaded each time you 
edit an existing component.  This 
feature aids in replication of existing 
data structures.


$Component parameters
Enter the desired component parameters.

Pattern name: 
This parameter specifies the name of 
the physical package or outline of the 
component.

Reference ID: 
This parameter is used to identify the 
individual component on the circuit 
board or schematic drawing.  This value 
must be unique to each component.

Type/Value: 
This parameter is used to specify the 
"type" of semi-conductor chips (i.e. 
74LS04), or the "value" of resistors 
and capacitors (i.e. 4.7Kê or 22æF).

Modifier: 
This parameter is used to specify any 
auxiliary information needed to clarify 
the individual component.  Typical 
modifiers could specify device 
tolerance, voltage rating, or thermal 
stability.

The default component placement 
parameters are re-loaded each time you 
edit an existing component.  This 
feature aids in replication of existing 
data structures.


$Place: Component
Place a component.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Component' mode.  This function is 
used to add additional components to 
the existing data file.

Each time you press <left°mouse> or 
<Enter>, a pop-up dialogue box will 
appear for the entry of a component 
pattern name.  The value entered 
will be used to search the selected 
image and source library files.  If 
no match is found in any of the 
library files, the current data file 
is searched for a matching component 
pattern or reference ID name.

If the component pattern name is not 
known, entering a question mark [?], 
or a null line will invoke the image 
library in browse mode.

The default component placement 
parameters are re-loaded each time you 
edit an existing component.  This 
feature aids in replication of existing 
data structures.


$Select desired image library component
Image library selection.

The system is currently in the `Image 
Library Selection' mode.  At this time, 
you must select a component by 
positioning the cursor over the desired 
part and press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> will 
terminate the library selection 
function.


$Place Bus Port
Place Bus Entry/Exit Port.

This function is used to create and 
name a signal port to be connected to 
a signal bus.

The bus port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place: Bus Port
Place Bus Entry/Exit Port.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Bus Port' mode.  This function will 
create a signal port to be connected 
to a signal bus.

The bus port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place Signal Port
Place Signal Entry/Exit Port.

This function is used to create and 
name a signal port to be connected to 
other sheets or other places on the 
same sheet.

The signal port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place: Signal Port
Place Signal Entry/Exit Port.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Signal Port' mode.  This function will 
create a signal port to be connected 
to a signal bus.

The bus port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place + Pwr Port
Place Positive Power Port.

This function is used to create and 
name a positive power port.

The power port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place: + Power Port
Place Positive Power Port.

The system is currently in the `Place 
+ Power Port' mode.  This function will 
create a signal port to be connected 
to a positive power supply.

The power port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place - Pwr Port
Place Negative Power Port.

This function is used to create and 
name a negative power port.

The power port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place: - Power Port
Place Negative Power Port.

The system is currently in the `Place 
- Power Port' mode.  This function will 
create a signal port to be connected 
to a negative power supply.

The power port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place GND Port
Place Ground Port.

This function is used to create a
a ground port to be connected to a 
ground plane or ground bus.

The ground port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place: Ground Port
Place Ground Port.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Ground Port' mode.  This function will 
create a ground port to be connected 
to a ground plane or ground bus.

The ground port that is created is 
actually a special case of a 
component.  It can be moved and 
deleted by using the component 
functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place Bus Wire
Place Bus Wire.

This function is used to create a 
50-mil thick ortho-line on the symbols
layer of a schematic drawing.

Once they have been placed, the bus 
wires can be moved and deleted by 
using any of the line functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place: Bus Wire
Bus Signal Wire.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Bus Wire' mode.  This function will 
create a 50-mil thick ortho-line on 
the symbols layer of a schematic 
drawing.

Once they have been placed, the bus 
wires can be moved and deleted by 
using any of the line functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.

$Place Signal Wire
Place Signal Wire.

This function is used to create a 
10-mil thick ortho-line on the signals 
layer of a schematic drawing.

Once they have been placed, the signal 
wires can be moved and deleted by 
using any of the line functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place: Signal Wire
Place Signal Wire.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Signal Wire' mode.  This function will 
create a 10-mil thick ortho-line on 
the signals layer of a schematic 
drawing.

Once they have been placed, the signal 
wires can be moved and deleted by 
using any of the line functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.



$Place Signal Dot
Place Signal Dot.

This function is used to create a 
40-mil diameter surface-via on the 
signals layer of a schematic 
drawing.

Once they have been placed, the signal 
dots can be moved and deleted by using 
any of the pad/via functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$Place: Signal Dot
Place Signal Dot.

The system is currently in the `Place 
Signal Dot' mode.  This function will 
create a 40-mil diameter surface-via 
on the signals layer of a schematic 
drawing.

Once they have been placed, the signal 
dots can be moved and deleted by using 
any of the pad/via functions.

This function is operational on 
schematic data files only.


$GRAB
The "Grab" functions are used to 
move existing elements to new locations.  
When an item is selected, it will be 
removed from the file and a "ghost" of 
the item will attached to the graphics 
cursor and will travel about the file 
as the cursor is moved.  In this "ghost" 
form, the grabbed file element can be 
rotated in 90ø increments by typing <R> 
and can be mirrored by typing <X> or 
<Y>.

While they are grabbed, elements can be 
returned to their original position in 
the file at any time simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.

When the element has been repositioned 
as desired, it can be set back down 
onto the drawing field by pressing 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Immediately upon placement, the items 
can be "unplaced" simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.

No pop-up dialogue boxes are used by 
the grab functions.

The grab functions selection menu can 
be invoked be typing <G> on the 
keyboard when no other functions are 
in progress.


$Grab
The grab functions.

The functions in this menu are used to 
move existing elements to new 
locations.  When an item is selected, 
it will be removed from the file and a 
"ghost" of the item will attached to 
the graphics cursor and will travel 
about the file as the cursor is moved.  
In this "ghost" form, the grabbed file 
element can be rotated in 90ø 
increments by typing <R> and can be 
mirrored by typing <X> or <Y>.

While they are grabbed, elements can be 
returned to their original position in 
the file at any time simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.

When the element has been repositioned 
as desired, it can be set back down 
onto the drawing field by pressing 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Immediately upon placement, the items 
can be "unplaced" simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.

Each of these functions will reset the 
current processing mode such that they 
can be repeated simply by pressing 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.  Once set in 
this manner, the function will remain 
in effect until it is reset by a 
different menu selection.

No pop-up dialogue boxes are used by 
the grab functions.


$Grab Line
Grab a line segment.

This function is used to pick up and 
move the entire body of one line 
segment, along with any free pads, 
vias, and other vertices coincident 
with the line segment's end-points.

To grab a line segment, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired line 
segment and then press <left°mouse> or 
<Enter>.

In the event of multiple targets, lines 
on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and shorter lines are given preference 
over longer ones.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.


$Grab: Line
Grab a line segment.

The system is currently in the `Grab 
Line' mode.  This function will pick up 
and move one entire line segment, along 
with any free pads, vias, and other 
vertices coincident with the line 
segment's end-points.

To grab a line segment, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior desired line segment and 
then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of multiple targets, lines 
on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and shorter lines are given preference 
over longer ones.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.


$Grab Vertex
Grab a vertex.

This function is used to pick up and 
move all coincident line segment 
end-points and vias at a an interior 
point of a multi-line track.

To grab a vertex, you must first 
position the cursor on or very nearly 
on the desired vertex and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.  The cursor 
will jump to the precise vertex point.

When working in a densely populated 
area, it is useful to pre-select the 
desired target layer.

Vertices of lines contained within 
components are not accessible with 
this function.

$Grab: Vertex
Grab a vertex.

The system is currently in the `Grab 
Vertex' mode.  This function will pick 
up and move all coincident line segment 
end-points and vias at a an interior 
point of a multi-line track.

To grab a vertex, you must first 
position the cursor on or very nearly 
on the desired vertex and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.  The cursor 
will jump to the precise vertex point.

When working in a densely populated 
area, it is useful to pre-select the 
desired target layer.

Vertices of lines contained within 
components are not accessible with 
this function.


$Grab Arc/circle
Grab an arc, circle, or ellipse.

This function is used to pick up and 
move a single arc, circle, or ellipse.

To grab an arc, circle or ellipse, you 
must first position the cursor 
somewhere within the interior of the 
desired element and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.  The cursor 
will jump to the precise center point 
of the target item.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and items with smaller radii are given 
preference over those with larger radii.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.


$Grab: Arc
Grab an arc, circle, or ellipse.

The system is currently in the `Grab 
Arc' mode.  This function will pick up 
and move a single arc, circle, or 
ellipse.

To grab an arc, circle or ellipse, you 
must first position the cursor 
somewhere within the interior of the 
desired element and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.  The cursor 
will jump to the precise center point 
of the target item.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and items with smaller radii are 
given preference over those with 
larger radii.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.


$Grab Pad/via
Grab a pad or via.

This function is used to pick up and 
move a single free pad, via, or 
mounting hole.  The cursor must be 
placed within the interior of the 
element.

To grab a pad, you must first position 
the cursor somewhere within the 
interior of the desired pad and then 
press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.  The 
cursor will jump to the precise center 
point of the target pad.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.


$Grab: Pad
Grab a pad or via.

The system is currently in the `Grab 
Pad' mode.  This function will pick up 
and move a single free pad, via, or 
mounting hole.

To grab a pad, you must first position 
the cursor somewhere within the 
interior of the desired pad and then 
press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.  The 
cursor will jump to the precise center 
point of the target pad.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.


$Grab Text
Grab a text data string.

This function is used to pick up and 
move a single text string.

To grab a text string, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired text string 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.  
The cursor will jump to the starting 
baseline of the target text string.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer or items not 
owned by a component are given 
preference.


$Grab: Text
Grab a text string.

The system is currently in the `Grab 
Text' mode.  This function will pick up 
and move a single text string.

To grab a text string, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired text string 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.  
The cursor will jump to the starting 
baseline of the target text string.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer or items not 
owned by a component are given 
preference.


$Grab Component
Grab a component.

This function is used to pick up and 
move a component and all line segment 
vertices coincident with the 
component's signal pads.

To grab a component, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired component 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.  
The cursor will jump to the component 
reference point.

In the event of overlapping target 
components, smaller components are 
given preference over larger ones.


$Grab: Component
Grab a component.

The system is currently in the `Grab 
Component' mode.  This function will 
pick up and move a component and all 
line segment vertices coincident with 
the component's signal pads.

To grab a component, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired component 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.  
The cursor will jump to the component 
reference point.

In the event of overlapping target 
components, smaller components are 
given preference over larger ones.


$Grab Comp Only
Grab a component only.

This function is used to pick up and 
move a component while leaving the 
signal tracks behind.

To grab a component, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired component 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.  
The cursor will jump to the component
reference point.

In the event of overlapping target 
components, smaller components are 
given preference over larger ones.


$Grab Item
Grab a single item.

This function is both powerful and 
difficult to use.  The current working 
layer must be correctly set and the 
cursor positioning must be absolutely 
accurate before this function can be 
used.  Any of the primitive items can 
be grabbed and attached to the cursor, 
even if they are contained within a 
component.

1.°°Pads and arcs must be grabbed from 
their exact center point.

2.°°Line end-points must be grabbed 
from their exact end-point.

3.°°Complete lines segments may be 
grabbed from any point along the 
mathematical center line.


$Grab: Item
Grab a single item.

The system is currently in the `Grab 
Item' mode.  This function is both 
powerful and difficult to use.  The 
current working layer must be correctly 
set and the cursor positioning must be 
absolutely accurate before this 
function can be used.

Any of the primitive items can be 
grabbed and attached to the cursor, 
even if they are contained within a 
component.

1.°°Pads and arcs must be grabbed from 
their exact center point.

2.°°Line end-points must be grabbed 
from their exact end-point.

3.°°Complete lines segments may be 
grabbed from any point along the 
mathematical center line.


$Grab Rotate 90
Rotate by 90ø.

This function may be used to rotate any 
grabbed cursor attachments.

Each time you invoke this function, all
items attached to the cursor will be 
rotated by 90ø in an anti-clockwise 
direction using the cursor as the 
center of rotation the item will stay a 
ghost until grab is released with 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <R> when a item is 
grabbed.


$Grab Mirror X
Mirror in the X dimension.

This function may be used to flip any 
grabbed cursor attachments along the X 
axis for a reversed view.

Each time you invoke this function, all
items attached to the cursor will be 
rotated on the X axis using the cursor 
as the center of rotation the item will 
stay a ghost until grab is released 
with <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <X>.


$Grab Mirror Y
Mirror in the Y dimension.

This function may be used to flip any 
grabbed cursor attachments along the Y 
axis for a reversed view.

Each time you invoke this function, all
items attached to the cursor will be 
rotated on the Y axis using the cursor 
as the center of rotation the item will 
stay a ghost until grab is released 
with <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <Y>.


$EDIT
The "Edit" functions are used to modify 
the parametric values of existing file 
elements.

The edit functions selection menu can 
be invoked be typing <E> on the 
keyboard when no other functions are 
in progress.

Most of the selections will invoke a 
pop-up dialogue box which will list 
the item's current parameters and will 
allow the modification of those 
parameters.

A detailed help message is available 
for each of the edit functions by 
pressing <center°mouse> or <Alt-F10> 
at the appropriate time.


$Edit
The editing functions.

The functions in this menu are used to 
modify the parametric values of 
existing file elements.  Most of the 
selections will invoke a pop-up 
dialogue box which will list the item's 
current parameters and will allow 
the modification of those parameters.

Each of these functions will reset the 
current processing mode such that they 
can be repeated simply by pressing 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.  Once set in 
this manner, the function will remain 
in effect until it is reset by a 
different menu selection.


$Edit Line
Edit line segments.

This function is used to modify line 
segments by changing their thickness or 
by transferring them to a different 
layer.

To edit a line segment, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired line 
segment and then press <left°mouse> or 
<Enter>.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear with
the selected line parameters and the 
permissible global editing options.

In the event of multiple targets, 
lines on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and shorter lines are given preference 
over longer ones.

Lines contained within components 
are not accessible with this function.


$Edit Line parameters
Edit line parameters.

Layer name: 
This parameter specifies the layer onto 
which the line will be reside.

Line thickness: 
This parameter specifies the width (in 
mils) of the "pen" that will be used to 
draw the line.


$Edit: Line
Edit line parameters.

The system is currently in the `Edit 
Line' mode.  This function can modify 
line segments by changing their 
thickness or by transferring them to a 
different layer.

To edit a line segment, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired line 
segment and then press <left°mouse> or 
<Enter>.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear with 
the selected line parameters and the 
permissible global editing options.

In the event of multiple targets, lines 
on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and shorter lines are given preference 
over longer ones.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.


$Edit Arc/circle
Edit an arc, circle, or ellipse.

This function is used to modify a 
partial or complete circle or ellipse.

To edit an arc, you must first position 
the cursor somewhere within the interior 
of the desired element and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and items with smaller radii are given 
preference over those with larger radii.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear 
listing the selected arc parameters.  
No global editing options are available.

Arcs contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.


$Edit: Arc
Edit arc parameters.

The system is currently in the `Edit 
Arc' mode.  This function can modify a 
partial or complete circle or ellipse.

To edit an arc, you must first position 
the cursor somewhere within the interior 
of the desired element and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear 
listing the selected arc parameters.  
No global editing options are available.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.


$Edit Pad/via
Edit a pad or via.

This function is used to modify a pad, 
a via, or a mounting hole.

To edit a pad, you must first position 
the cursor somewhere within the 
interior of the desired element
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear with
the selected pad parameters and the 
permissible global editing options.


$Edit Pad parameters
Edit pad parameters.

Signal name: 
This parameter lists the name of the 
signal "net" of which this pad is a 
member.  This parameter is not 
alterable from this function.

Pin name: 
This parameter is used for identifying 
pads within components.  For free pads, 
vias, and mounting holes, this 
parameter should be null.

Layer name: 
This parameter specifies the target 
layer onto which surface-pads are to be 
placed.  For through-pads, this 
parameter is used to designate the 
power or ground plane layer that is to 
receive a thermally relieved pad.  All 
other through-pads should be placed on 
layer zero (Pad Master).

Pad type code: 
This parameter specifies the target 
pad's type, style, and shape.  When you 
select this parameter, a pop-up dialogue 
box will appear which will display the 
available options.

Pad & Hole sizes: 
These parameters are available only for 
through-pads.  Their values are 
specified in mils.

X & Y sizes: 
These parameters are available only for 
surface pads.  Their values are 
specified in mils.


$Edit: Pad
Edit pad or via parameters.

The system is currently in the `Edit 
Pad' mode.  This function can modify a 
pad, a via, or a mounting hole.

To edit a pad, you must first position 
the cursor somewhere within the interior 
of the desired element and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear with
the selected pad parameters and the 
permissible global editing options.


$Edit Text data
Edit a text data string.

This function is used to modify the 
ASCII data portion of a text string.

To edit a text string, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired text string 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer or items not 
owned by a component are given 
preference.

The text will be edited in place on the 
screen without the aid of a pop-up 
dialogue box.


$Edit: Text Data
Edit text data string.

The system is currently in the `Edit 
Text Data' mode.  This function can 
modify the ASCII data portion of an 
text string.

To edit a text string, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired text string
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer or items not 
owned by a component are given 
preference.

The text is edited in place on the 
screen without the aid of a pop-up 
dialogue box.


$Edit Text parms
Edit text parameters.

This function is used to modify the 
parametric portion of an text string.

To edit a text string, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired text string 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer or items not 
owned by a component are given 
preference.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear 
listing the selected text string 
parameters.  No global editing options 
are available.


$Edit: Text Parameters
Edit text parameters.

The system is currently in the `Edit 
Text Parameters' mode.  This function 
can modify the parametric portion of an 
ASCII text string.

To edit a text string, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired text string 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer or items not 
owned by a component are given 
preference.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear 
listing the selected text string 
parameters.  No global editing options 
are available.


$Edit Component
Edit a component.

This function is used to modify the 
parameters associated with a component.

To edit a component, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired component 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping target 
components, smaller components are 
given preference over larger ones.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear 
listing the selected component 
parameters.  No global editing options 
are available.


$Edit: Component
Edit component parameters.

The system is currently in the `Edit 
Text Parameters' mode.  This function 
can modify the parameters associated 
with a component.

To edit a component, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired component
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping target 
components, smaller components are 
given preference over larger ones.

A pop-up dialogue box will appear 
listing the selected component 
parameters.  No global editing options 
are available.


$Edit Locate Cmp
Locate a component.

This function is used to jump the 
cursor to the location of a named 
component.

Each time you invoke this function, a 
pop-up dialogue box will appear 
prompting you to enter the component 
search parameters.

If the specified component cannot be 
located, an apology message will be 
issued.


$Component search
Component search.

This is a `Component°search' name entry 
box.  Enter the exact Reference ID of 
the desired component.  The current 
file will be scanned for a match and 
the cursor will jump to the component 
reference point.


$Edit Krump Cmp
Krump a component.

This function is used to modify a 
component by adding items to it, 
removing items from it, or dissolving 
the component into its constituent 
parts.

To dissolve a component, you must first 
"grab" the desired component and then 
enter the key-strokes <EK>.  A pop-up 
warning message will appear asking for 
final confirmation dissolution function.

To add items to an existing component, 
you must first "grab" the desired item, 
and then position the cursor somewhere 
within the interior of the desired 
target component and enter the 
key-strokes <EK>.  The item may then 
be moved to its final destination 
position and placed back on the screen.

To remove items from an existing 
component, you must first "grab" the 
desired item and then position the 
cursor somewhere outside the confines 
of the original component and enter the 
key-strokes <EK>.  The item may then be 
moved to its final destination position 
and placed back on the screen.


$Component dissolution
Component dissolution.

This is a `Component°dissolution' 
warning message.  If you proceed by 
selecting [Yes], the grabbed component 
will be dissolved and its constituent 
parts will be set free.


$DELETE
The "Delete" functions are used to 
remove existing elements from a data 
file.  All of the delete functions can 
be undone immediately simply by 
pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape>.

No pop-up dialogue boxes are used by 
the delete functions.

The delete functions selection menu can 
be invoked be typing <D> on the 
keyboard when no other functions are 
in progress.

A detailed help message is available 
for each of the delete functions by 
pressing <center°mouse> or <Alt-F10> 
at the appropriate time.


$Delete
The item deletion functions.

The functions in this menu are used to 
remove existing elements from a data 
file.  All of the delete functions can 
be undone immediately simply by 
pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape>.

Each of these functions will reset the 
current processing mode such that they 
can be repeated simply by pressing 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.  Once set in 
this manner, the function will remain 
in effect until it is reset by a 
different menu selection.

No pop-up dialogue boxes are used by 
the delete functions.


$Delete Line
Delete a line segment.

This function is used to remove a 
single line segment.

To delete a line segment, you must 
first position the cursor somewhere 
within the interior of the desired line 
segment and then press <left°mouse> or 
<Enter>.

In the event of multiple targets, 
lines on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and shorter lines are given preference 
over longer ones.

Lines contained within components 
are not accessible with this function.

The affected line segment can be 
"undeleted" immediately simply by 
pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete: Line
Delete a line segment.

The system is currently in the `Delete 
Line' mode.  This function will remove 
a single line segment.

To delete a line segment, you must 
first position the cursor somewhere 
within the interior of the desired line 
segment and then press <left°mouse> or 
<Enter>.

In the event of multiple targets, lines 
on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and shorter lines are given preference 
over longer ones.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.

The affected line segment can be 
`undeleted' immediately simply by 
pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete Multi-line
Delete signal tracks.

This function is used to remove an 
entire signal track.

To delete a track, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of one of the segments of 
the desired track and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

The target line segment is first 
deleted, then, recursively, each line 
segment, free pad, or via coincident 
with the deleted line segment's 
end-points.  The process will terminate 
if a component pad encountered.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.

The affected track can be "undeleted" 
immediately simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete: Track
Delete a signal track.

The system is currently in the `Delete 
Track' mode.  This function will remove 
an entire signal track.

To delete a track, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of one of the segments of 
the desired track and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

The target line segment is first 
deleted, then, recursively, each line 
segment, free pad, or via coincident 
with the deleted line segment's 
end-points.  The process will terminate 
if a component pad encountered.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.

The affected track can be "undeleted" 
immediately simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete Vertex
Delete a vertex.

This function is used to remove a 
vertex from the interior of an existing 
multi-line track.

To delete a vertex, you must first 
position the cursor on or very near 
the desired vertex and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

When working in a densely populated 
area, it is useful to pre-select the 
desired target layer.

Vertices of lines contained within 
components are not accessible with 
this function.

The affected vertex can be "undeleted" 
immediately simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete: Vertex
Delete a vertex.

The system is currently in the `Delete 
Vertex' mode.  This function will 
remove a vertex from the interior of an 
existing multi-line track.

To delete a vertex, you must first 
position the cursor on or very near 
the desired vertex and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

When working in a densely populated 
area, it is useful to pre-select the 
desired target layer.

Vertices of lines contained within 
components are not accessible with 
this function.

The affected vertex can be "undeleted" 
immediately simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete Arc/circle
Delete an arc, circle, or ellipse.

This function is used to remove an 
existing arc, circle, or ellipse.

To delete an arc, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired element 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and items with smaller radii are given 
preference over those with larger radii.

Items contained within components 
are not accessible with this function.

The affected arc can be "undeleted" 
immediately simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete: Arc
Delete an arc, circle, or ellipse.

The system is currently in the `Delete 
Arc' mode.  This function will remove 
an existing arc, circle, or ellipse.

To delete an arc, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired element 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer are given 
preference over those on other layers, 
and items with smaller radii are given 
preference over those with larger radii.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.

The affected item can be "undeleted" 
immediately simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete Pad/via
Delete a pad or via.

This function is used to remove a 
free pad, a via, or a mounting hole.

To delete an pad, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired element 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Items contained within components 
are not accessible with this function.

The affected pad can be "undeleted" 
immediately simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete: Pad
Delete a pad or via.

The system is currently in the `Delete 
Pad' mode.  This function will remove a 
free pad, a via, or a mounting hole.

To delete an pad, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired element 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Items contained within components are 
not accessible with this function.

The affected item can be "undeleted" 
immediately simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete Text
Delete a text data string.

This function is used to remove an 
ASCII text string.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer or items not 
owned by a component are given 
preference.

The affected text string can be 
"undeleted" immediately simply by 
pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete: Text
Delete a text string.

The system is currently in the `Delete 
Text' mode.  This function will remove 
an ASCII text string.

In the event of overlapping targets, 
items on the current layer or items not 
owned by a component are given 
preference.

The affected text string can be 
"undeleted" immediately simply by 
pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete Component
Delete a component.

This function is used to remove an 
entire component.  Any attached signal 
tracks will remain in place.

To delete a component, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired component 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping target 
components, smaller components are 
given preference over larger ones.

The affected component can be 
"undeleted" immediately simply by 
pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete: Component
Delete a component.

The system is currently in the `Delete 
Component' mode.  This function will 
remove an entire component.  Any 
attached signal tracks will remain in 
place.

To delete a component, you must first 
position the cursor somewhere within 
the interior of the desired component 
and then press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

In the event of overlapping target 
components, smaller components are 
given preference over larger ones.

The affected component can be 
"undeleted" immediately simply by 
pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$Delete Grab/Hilite
Delete grabbed or hilite items.

This function is used to delete any 
items that have been grabbed or that 
are highlighted.

The affected items can be "undeleted" 
immediately simply by pressing 
<right°mouse> or <Escape>.


$SETUP
The "Setup" functions are used to 
modify the parametric values of the 
data file.

The setup functions selection menu can 
be invoked be typing <S> on the 
keyboard when no other functions are 
in progress.

Each of the selections will invoke a 
pop-up dialogue box which will list the 
current parameters and will allow the 
modification of those parameters.  
These changes will be saved as part of 
the data file.

A detailed help message is available 
for each of the setup functions by 
pressing <center°mouse> or <Alt-F10> 
at the appropriate time.


$Setup
The setup functions.

The functions in this menu are used to 
modify the parametric values of the 
data file.

Each of the selections will invoke a 
pop-up dialogue box which will list the 
current parameters and will allow the 
modification of those parameters.  Any 
changes will be saved as part of the 
data file.

A detailed help message is available 
for each setup selection.


$Setup Layers
Set layer parameters.

This function is used to control all 
parameters specific to individual 
layers of the data file.

When you select this function, a nested 
series of pop-up dialogue boxes will 
appear which will display the current 
layer setup parameters and allow you to 
modify those parameters.

Detailed help messages are available 
once this function is invoked.


$Layer setup parameters
Set layer parameters.

This function is used to control the 
various parameters specific to 
individual layers of the data file.

A brief description of the selections 
follows:

Layer Number: 
This column shows the internal sequence 
number that is used by the program for 
processing the layers.  Initially, 
these layers are displayed in numerical 
order.  When you select any of the 
entries in this column, a pop-up menu 
will appear for the re-sequencing of 
the layers.

Layer Name: 
This column shows the text string used 
to identify each of the sixteen layers.  
This name is provided for human 
interface only and is not used by the 
program.

Layer Type: 
This column is used to specify the 
specific usage for each of the 
individual layers.  When you select any 
of the entries in this column, a pop-up 
menu will appear which will provide a 
list of the available options.

Text Mirror: 
This column is used to declare the 
layers as being on the "top" side or 
"bottom" side of the circuit board.  
Selecting any of the entries in this 
column will cause it to be toggled 
between "YES" and null.

Video Color: 
This column is used to specify the 
color each layer is to have when its 
item are drawn on the screen.  When you 
select any of the entries in this 
column, a pop-up menu will appear with 
a list of available colors.


$Select layer sequence
Set layer order.

The target sequence number of the 
selected layer is identified by shading.

If you select a new layer number, all 
other layer numbers will be shifted 
accordingly.


$Select layer type
Set layer type.

This function is used to set the layer 
type parameter for an individual source 
layer.

A brief description of each layer type 
follows:

Silk: 
This layer type must be specified for 
each source layer that is to consist of 
painted symbols or pictures of 
components.

Mask: 
This layer type must be specified for 
both the top and the bottom solder 
resist masking layers.

Copper: 
This layer type must be specified for 
each source layer that is to consist of 
conductive circuit traces and pads.

Plane: 
This layer type must be specified for 
each of the power and ground plane 
layers.

Symbols: 
This layer type should be specified for 
any layer that is to consist of symbols 
or pictures that are not to be placed 
on the target circuit board.  This 
includes pictures of components on 
schematic drawing files.

Paste: 
This layer type must be specified for 
both the top and bottom solder paste 
stencil layers on surface mount boards.

Schematic: 
This layer type must be specified for 
the "wiring" layer on schematic drawing 
files.

Drawing: 
This layer type should be specified for 
any layer containing data that is not 
associated with circuit boards or 
schematics.


$Select color
Set layer color.

This menu is used to select the color 
parameter for an individual layer as 
it is displayed on the screen.  The 
target value is identified by shading.


$Setup Draw Modes
Set screen draw modes.

This function is used to control all 
parameters specific to the screen 
re-draw functions.


$Screen mode
Set screen drawing modes.

This function is used to set the 
drawing modes for each of the data 
types.

Line, Text, and Pad Draw Modes: 
Lower numbers yield simpler (and 
faster) drawings.  The actual data 
elements within the file are not 
altered.

Autopan Redraw: 
This parameter is used to enable or 
disable the automatic screen panning 
feature.  A value of zero inhibits 
auto-panning.


$Setup Zoom Limits
Set file zoom limits

This function is used to contain the 
ultimate movement of the cursor within 
a restricted region of the total 
workspace size.


$Zoom limits setup
Zoom limits setup.

This is a `Zoom°Limits°setup' entry
box. 

This function is used to contain the 
ultimate movement of the cursor within 
a restricted region of the total 
workspace size.

The four values [X1,Y1 & X2,Y2] are 
used to define a rectangle which 
specifies the maximum allowable extents 
of the current data file.  You will not 
be able to zoom or pan outside of these 
extents.

The numbers are entered in mils 
(thousandths of an inch) with a comma 
but no spaces between each of the 
numbers.


$Setup Grid Dots
Set grid dot spacing.

This function is used to set the spatial 
density of the background grid.  Grid 
dots show up on the screen as 
highlighted pixels on the uniform 
background color.

The grid dots are provided for human 
interface only and are not used by the 
program.


$Grid dots setup
Grid dots setup.

This is a `Grid°Dots°setup' entry box.  
Grid dots show up on the screen as 
highlighted pixels on the background 
color.  A value of zero will disable 
the grid dots.

The grid dots are provided for human 
interface only and are not used by the 
program.


$Setup Snap Table
Set grid snap table.

This function is used to set the 
elements in the rotary grid snap table.  
The table can hold up to seven 
individual grid snap settings.

Each time you press <Alt-G> on the 
keyboard, the system will select the 
next sequential grid snap setting from 
the table.

The active grid setting is displayed 
on the status line.


$Grid snaps setup
Grid snap setup.

This is a `Grid°Snaps°setup' entry
box.  The current grid snap table is 
shown.  You may add, delete, or change 
any of the displayed settings.  The 
table can hold up to seven individual 
grid snap settings.

Each time you press <Alt-G> on the 
keyboard, the system will select the 
next sequential grid snap setting from 
the table.  The active grid setting 
will be displayed on the status line.

The individual grid snap settings must 
be entered in mils (thousandths of an 
inch) with a comma but no spaces 
between each of the numbers.


$Setup Grid Snap
Select next grid snap.

This function is used to switch to the 
next setting from the table of available 
grid snaps.  The values are accessed in 
a rotary fashion.  The active grid 
setting is displayed on the status line.

The grid snap table can be modified by 
using the `Setup Snap Table' function.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <Alt-G>.


$Setup Via Params
Set new via parameters.

This function is used to set the default 
parameters to be used by the `Place Via' 
function.


$Via parameters
Set new via placement parameters.

This function is used to set the 
parameters to be used by the `Place Via'
function.

Layer name: 
This parameter specifies the target 
layer onto which schematic "dots" are 
to be placed.  For through-vias on 
printed circuit boards, this parameter 
should be set to layer zero 
(Pad Master).

Via size: 
This parameter specifies the diameter 
(in mils) of the outside of the via.

Hole size: 
This parameter specifies the diameter 
(in mils) of the drill to be used to 
create the via.  This number should be 
set to zero for schematic "dots".


$Setup Zero Point
Set relative zero point.

This function is used to set or clear 
the zero reference point that is used 
for the screen coordinate system.

If relative addressing is already in 
effect, this function will restore 
absolute addressing.


$Select zero reference point
Select relative coordinate zero point.

The system is currently waiting for 
you to select the zero reference point 
for relative addressing.

At the present time, you must position 
the cursor in the desired location and 
press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> will 
terminate this function.


$BLOCK
The "Block" functions are used to
temporarily contain a group of file 
elements and to perform transformation 
functions on all elements in the group.

The block functions selection menu can 
be invoked be typing <B> on the 
keyboard when no other functions are 
in progress.

Several of the block sub-functions will
invoke a pop-up dialogue box which will
list the current parameters and will 
allow the modification of those 
parameters.

A detailed help message is available 
for each of the block functions by 
pressing <center°mouse> or <Alt-F10> 
at the appropriate time.


$Block
The block functions.

The functions in this menu are used to
temporarily contain a group of file 
elements and to perform transformation 
functions on all elements in the group.

Several of the block sub-functions will
invoke a pop-up dialogue box which will
list the current parameters and will 
allow the modification of those 
parameters.


$Block Define
Block definition.

This function must be used to define 
a containment region before any of the 
other block functions may be used.

A rectangular block is defined by 
selecting two corner points and a 
source reference point.


$Select first corner point
Define rectangular region.

The system is currently waiting for 
you to select the first corner point 
of a rectangular region on the screen.

At the present time, you must position 
the cursor in the desired location and 
press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> will 
terminate this function.


$Select second corner point
Define rectangular region.

The system is currently waiting for 
you to select the second corner point 
of a rectangular region on the screen.

At the present time, you must position 
the cursor in the desired location and 
press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> will 
terminate this function.


$Select source reference point
Define rectangular region.

The system is currently waiting for 
you to select the source reference 
point of a rectangular region on the 
screen.

At the present time, you must position 
the cursor in the desired location and 
press <left°mouse> or <Enter>.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> will 
terminate this function.


$Block Release
Block release.

This function may be used to un-define 
a containment region and thus disable 
block processing.

A containment block must be defined 
before this function can be used.

$Block Move
Block movement.

This function is used to relocate the 
data file elements within a block 
containment region to a new position 
on the same data file.

A containment block must be defined in 
the current file before this function 
can be used.


$Block: Move
Block movement.

The system is currently in the `Block 
Move' mode.  This function is used to 
relocate the data file elements within 
a block containment region to a new 
position on the same data file.

At this time, you must position the 
cursor at the desired block target 
reference point.  When you press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>, all data 
elements within the original block 
will be moved to their new positions.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> will 
terminate the block movement function.


$Block Copy
Block replication.

This function is used to duplicate the 
data file elements within a block 
containment region to a new position on 
the same data file or in a different 
data file.

A containment block must be defined 
before this function can be used.


$Block: Copy
Block replication.

The system is currently in the `Block 
Copy' mode.  This function is used to 
replicate the data file elements within 
a block containment region to a new 
position on the same data file or in a 
different data file.

At this time, you must position the 
cursor at the desired block target 
reference point.  Each time you press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>, all data 
elements within the original data 
block will be replicated at their new 
positions.

Pressing <right°mouse> or <Escape> will 
terminate the block replication 
function.


$Block Delete
Block deletion.

This function is used to remove all 
data file elements within a block 
containment region.

A containment block must be defined in 
the current data file before this 
function can be used.


$Block Mirror X
Mirror in the X dimension.

This function may be used to flip any 
grabbed cursor attachments along the X 
axis for a reversed view.

A block move or copy function must be 
in progress before this function can 
be used.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <X>.


$Block Mirror Y
Mirror in the Y dimension.

This function may be used to flip any 
grabbed cursor attachments along the Y 
axis for a reversed view.

A block move or copy function must be 
in progress before this function can 
be used.

This same function is available by 
simply typing <Y>.


$Block Rotation
Block rotation.

This function is used to control the 
rotational translation parameter to be 
used by the `Block Move' and `Block 
Copy' functions.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
display the current rotational parameter 
at which time you will be able to enter 
a new value.

A containment block must be defined 
before this function can be used.


$Block Scaling
Block scaling.

This function is used to control the 
magnification translation parameter to 
be used by the `Block Move' and `Block 
Copy' functions.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
display the current magnification 
factor at which time you will be able 
to enter a new value.

A containment block must be defined 
before this function can be used.


$Block Layers
Block layer selection.

This function is used to control the 
block layer inclusion table to be 
used by the `Block Move', `Block Copy', 
and `Block Delete' functions.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
display the layer selections at which 
time you will be able to enter a new 
values.


$Block Build Comp
Build a component.

This function is used to consolidate 
the free data file elements within a 
block containment region into a single 
entity known as a "component".

A containment block must be defined and 
must contain at least one primitive 
element before this function can be 
used.


$Block scaling factor
Block scaling factor.

This is a `Block°scaling°factor' entry 
box.


$Block rotation angle
Block rotation angle.

This is a `Block°rotation°angle' entry 
box.


$NETS
The "Netlist" functions are used to 
process signal "nets" and groups of 
signal nets (net lists).

The netlist functions selection menu 
can be invoked be typing <N> on the 
keyboard when no other functions are 
in progress.

A detailed help message is available 
for each of the net functions by 
pressing <center°mouse> or <Alt-F10> 
at the appropriate time.


$Nets
The nets functions.

The functions in this menu are used 
to process signal "nets" and groups 
of signal nets (net lists).

A detailed help message is available 
for each nets selection.


$Nets Netlist In
The `Netlist°In' function is used to 
read in a netlist file from disk and 
add its routing information to the 
current data file.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear for the 
entry of the desired source netlist 
file name.

All existing signal names will be lost 
and will be replaced with those on the 
designated netlist file.


$Netlist file name
Netlist file name.

This is a `Netlist°file°name' entry 
box.

Enter the name of the netlist file. The 
suspected file name is the source file 
name with a ".NET" suffix.  If the 
desired net file has a different name 
or is in a different directory, simply 
erase the current file name and enter 
the new one.


$Nets Netlist Out
The `Netlist°Out' function is used to 
write out the routing information 
from the current data file to disk in 
the form of netlist.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear for the entry 
of the desired destination netlist 
file name.

The file will be scanned for un-named 
signals and sequential numbers will be 
assigned to those signals.


$Nets Rats-nest
Rats-nest the file.

This function is used to generate a 
set of straight line connections needed 
to complete the routing of a circuit 
board.

This function is a necessary part of 
the auto-routing functions.


$Nets Auto-route
Auto-route the file.

This function is used to convert a 
rats-nest of signals into an orderly 
set of signal tracks.

A restricted portion of the board can 
be routed if you first define the 
desired area using the `Block Define' 
function.

When you select this function, a nested 
series of pop-up dialogue boxes will 
appear for the specification of the 
various parameters needed for the 
routing operation.

Detailed help messages are available 
for each such dialogue box.


$Auto-router setup
Setup the Auto-router.

Each of the source file layers are 
listed along with a selectable routing 
direction to be used when auto-routing.  
Any combination of layers and routing 
directions may be used, however not all 
layers are suitable for routing.

Below the layer/direction selection 
area are two setup commands for the 
various auto-routing parameters.  
Detailed help messages are available 
for each of these functions once they 
have been invoked.

Selecting [Confirm] will initiate the 
auto-routing operation as a foreground 
task.


$Select routing direction
Set routing direction.

This function is used to set the 
routing direction parameter on an 
individual layer of the data file.

This parameter should be specified only 
on "copper" layers.


$Select routing algorithms
Algorithm Selection.

The active selections are indicated by 
shading.

A brief description of each of the 
algorithms follows:

Clear all pre-routes: 
This algorithm should be used as the 
first step of any normal auto-routing 
function.  If you elect to not select 
this function, you must first manually 
"rats-nest" the board before routing.

In-line routes: 
This algorithm will construct a short 
track between two adjacent pins that 
are exactly vertical, horizontal, or 
diagonal of one another with no 
intervening obstructions.

Memory routes: 
This algorithm will construct a five 
segment track between corresponding 
pins on adjacent chips.  This is useful 
for memory planes and data busses on 
single and double sided boards but 
should not be used on multi-layer 
boards.

Triple, Double, and Single alley-way 
routes: 
These algorithms comprise the primary 
auto-routing functions of CIRCAD.  Only 
one of the three alley-way algorithms 
should be selected at a time.

Snake-run routes: 
This algorithm will construct a 
multi-segment track with multiple vias 
between any two points on the board.  
It uses a "heuristic search" to find 
the pathway, so it is both powerful and 
slow to run.  It may be useful as a 
final pass to catch a few signals that 
the alley-way router has missed, but it 
is not intended for and is not usable 
as the primary router for an entire 
board.


$Item Placement
Setup routing item sizes.

Track line width: 
This parameter specifies the width (in 
mils) of the tracks to be constructed 
while routing.

Via pad & hole sizes: 
These parameters specify the size of 
the vias to be constructed while 
routing.


$Nets Hilite Net
Hilite a signal net.

This function may be used to illuminate 
all tracks, pads, and vias along a 
signal pathway.


$Net: Highlite
Hilite a signal.

The system is currently in the `Net 
Highlight' mode.  This function will 
"sniff out" and illuminate all tracks, 
pads, and vias along a signal pathway.

To highlight a signal net, you must 
first position the cursor somewhere 
along the desired signal and then press 
<left°mouse> or <Enter>.

The target line segment is first 
highlighted, then, recursively, each 
line segment, pad or via that it is in 
electrical contact with.

Once highlighted, a new name may be 
assigned to the signal net.


$Nets Name Net
Name a signal.

This function may be used to assign a 
label to a highlighted signal net.


$Signal name assignment
Signal name assignment.

This is a `Signal°name°assignment' 
entry box.


$Nets Net Scan+
Scan the Net List forward.

This function is used to scan a data 
file for routing errors or omissions.

The nets are searched in ascending 
alphabetical name order.


$Nets Net Scan-
Scan the Net List backward.

This function is used to scan a data 
file for routing errors or omissions.

The nets are searched in descending 
alphabetical name order.


$ZOOM
The "Zoom" functions are used to change 
the view of the current data file 
without affecting the contents of 
the file.

The zoom functions selection menu can 
be invoked be typing <Z> on the 
keyboard when no other functions are 
in progress.

A detailed help message is available 
for each of the zoom functions by 
pressing <center°mouse> or <Alt-F10> 
at the appropriate time.


$Zoom
The zoom functions.

The selections in this menu are used to 
change the view of the current data 
file without affecting the contents of 
the file.


$Zoom In [1.414x]
Zoom In.

This function is used to magnify the 
image of the data file, yielding a 
smaller field of view at a greater 
resolution.

The ultimate limit of this function is 
reached when one pixel on the screen 
has a value of .001".


$Zoom Out [.707x]
Zoom Out.

This function is used to de-magnify 
the image of the data file, yielding a 
larger field of view at a lesser 
resolution.

The ultimate limit of this function is 
reached when the file at the 
specified zoom limits just fits 
on the display screen.


$Zoom Scale [1:1]
Zoom to unity scaling.

This function is used to snap the zoom 
scaling to unity magnification factor, 
yielding a view on the screen to match 
that of the final product.

For proper operation of this function, 
the screen pixel pitch must be 
correctly specified in the 
initialization file for the monitor 
size and pixel count in effect.


$Zoom Re-center
Re-center the display.

This function is used to move a desired 
viewpoint to the center of the display 
screen without changing the 
magnification factor.


$Zoom Re-draw
Re-draw the display.

This function is used to re-generate 
the display screen without changing the 
magnification factor or viewpoint.

If you have been moving or editing 
overlapping or intersecting objects, 
the display screen tends to acquire a 
mottled appearance.  At any time during 
such editing, the screen can be cleaned 
up simply and easily by this function.


$Zoom Layer
Select new working layer.

This function is used to select a new 
active layer to be used for viewing and 
editing.

When you select this function, a pop-up 
dialogue box will appear which will 
prompt you to select the desired layer.  
The current layer is identified by 
shading.

When a new layer is selected, that 
single layer is regenerated so as 
to be prominently displayed on the 
screen.

The layers can also be selected 
sequentially by using the <+> and <-> 
keys on the numeric key pad.


$Zoom Limits
Zoom to file limits.

This function is used to snap the zoom 
scaling factor to a value such that 
the entire usable workspace will be 
visible at one time.


$Zoom Extents
Zoom to file extents.

This function is used to snap the zoom 
scaling factor to a value such that all 
file elements will be visible at one 
time at the largest magnification 
possible.


$Zoom Window
Zoom to a window.

This function is used to snap the zoom 
scaling factor to a value such that all 
of a specified rectangular region is 
visible on the display screen.


$Command line
Command line.

This is a `Command°line' entry box.


$$
