`CHEM1' Tiles for Mahjongg 4.0
                               Created March 31, 1993
                                        
Tile Set Name: CHEM1.TIL
      Subject: ELEMENTS, FLAME TESTS, SOLUTIONS, PRECIPITATES and ORGANIC COMPD'S
   Created By: Dr. John R. Wagstaff         
               Chemistry Department
               University of New Brunswick
               P.O. Box 5050
               Saint John, NB 
               CANADA,  E2L 4L5
         
  Description: Dr. Martin Thomas (Biology Dept., UNBSJ), in colaboration with
               his daughter Calluna, recently designed three beautiful tile
               sets for Mahjongg: (1) Tropical Fish (2) Mushrooms, and
               (3) Wild Flowers.  His efforts inspired me to believe that a
               chemist could design a set of tiles equally as interesting as
               a set designed by a biologist.  This has resulted in the
               CHEM1.TIL file that relates to chemistry.  

               The small size limits what can be put on each tile and 
               the 16 available colors restrict one in portraying true colors
               of chemicals.  My intent has been to use color to a maximum,
               however, the formulae of most colored chemicals are far too
               complex to put on the narrow tiles.  Consequently, the
               colored representations of the tiles have been limited to a few
               elements, ionic substances in solution or precipitates.
               In some cases, it has been necessary to approximate color,
               e.g.  solutions of the manganese (II) ion are pink 
               rather than the color seen on the manganous tile.

               This set of tiles is divided into groups as follows:

               (A) Tile #  1 - Logo of the Royal Society of Chemistry
                   Tile #  2 - Logo of Chemical Institute of Canada

               (B) ELEMENTS
                   Tile #  3 - Fluorine (Pale Yellow gas)
                   Tile #  4 - Chlorine (Green-Yelow gas)
                   Tile #  5 - Bromine  (Dark red liquid)
                   Tile #  6 - Iodine   (Gray-black solid)
                   Tile #  7 - Phosphorus (Red solid)
                   Tile #  8 - Sulfur   (Yellow solid)
                   Tile #  9 - Copper   (Red solid)
                   Tile # 10 - Gold     (Yellow solid)

               (C) FLAME TESTS OF ELEMENTS
                   Tile # 11 - Li       (Red)           These could be used
                   Tile # 12 - Na       (Yellow)        as substitutes:
                   Tile # 13 - K        (Lilac)         
                   Tile # 14 - Cs       (Blue)          Rb - (Purple)
                   Tile # 15 - Sr       (Deep red)      Ca - (Orange red)
                   Tile # 16 - Ba       (Pale green)
    
               (D) SOLUTION OF CATIONS AND ANIONS
                   Tile # 17 - Copper (II) ion    (Aqua blue)
                   Tile # 18 - Cobalt (II) ion    (Pink)
                   Tile # 19 - Chromium (III) ion (Green)
                   Tile # 20 - Nickel (II) ion    (Green)
                   Tile # 21 - Manganous ion      (Pink)
                   Tile # 22 - Permanganate ion   (Deep purple)
                   Tile # 23 - Dichromate ion     (Orange)
                   Tile # 24 - Chromate ion       (Yellow)

               (E) PRECIPITATES
                   Tile # 25 - Lead sulfide          (Black)
                   Tile # 26 - Zinc sulfide          (White)
                   Tile # 27 - Mercury (II) sulfide  (Red)
                               (A precipitate of mercury (II) sulfide is 
                                actually black.  I have incorrectly used red in
                                this tile which is the color of the mercury
                                sulfide ore called cinnabar or the mercury
                                sulfide pigment called vermillion.)
                   Tile # 28 - Cadmium sulfide       (Yellow orange)
                   Tile # 29 - Iron (III) sulfide    (Yellow green)
                   Tile # 30 - Bismuth (III) sulfide (Brown)
                   Tile # 31 - Iron (II) hydroxide   (Pale yellow green)
                   Tile # 32 - Iron (III) hydroxide  (Brown)
                   Tile # 33 - Nickle (II) hydroxide (Pale green)
                   Tile # 34 - Cobalt (II) hydroxide (Pink)

               (F) AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
                   Tile # 35 -  Benzene       (Colorless liquid)
                   Tile # 36 -  Chlorobenzene (Colorless liquid)
                   Tile # 37 -  Bromobenzene  (Colorless liquid)
                   Tile # 38 -  Fluorobenzene (Colorless liquid)

               (G) CYCLIC COMPOUNDS
                   Tile # 39 -  Cyclopropane  (Colorless gas)
                   Tile # 40 -  Cyclobutane   (Colorless gas)
                   Tile # 41 -  Cyclopentane  (Colorless liquid)
                   Tile # 42 -  Cyclohexane   (Colorless liquid)