Document 0223
 DOCN  M9440223
 TI    Risk factors for HIV infection among women in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
 DT    9404
 AU    Kapiga SH; Shao JF; Lwihula GK; Hunter DJ; Muhimbili University College
       of Health Sciences, University of; Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania.
 SO    J Acquir Immune Defic Syndr. 1994 Mar;7(3):301-9. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/94149566
 AB    To identify risk factors for HIV infection among women not known to be
       members of high-risk groups in Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, and assess
       associations between contraceptive use and HIV infection, we conducted a
       cross-sectional case-control study at three representative family
       planning clinics. Between February 1991 and June 1992, we enrolled 2,285
       women; women were interviewed using a structured questionnaire, and
       specimens were collected for laboratory diagnosis of HIV and other
       sexually transmitted diseases (STDs). The overall HIV prevalence was
       11.5% (95% CI: 10.2-12.8). Other prevalent STDs included gonorrhea
       (4.2%), trichomoniasis (14.3%), candidiasis (11.5%), and syphilis
       (2.5%). HIV seroprevalence was significantly lower among younger women
       and women in nonpolygamous marriages. HIV risk increased with both
       women's education and male partner's education. Number of sex partners
       in the last 5 years was positively associated with HIV risk; however,
       among HIV-seropositive women, the median number of sexual partners was
       only two. For married women with only a single partner, their risk
       increased significantly if their husbands had other partners. The risk
       of HIV infection was higher among subjects with STDs, although only
       significantly so for gonorrhea (OR 1.95, 95% CI: 1.10-3.45). After
       controlling for known and potential risk factors, the risk of HIV
       infection was significantly increased among women who had ever used an
       intrauterine device (IUD) (OR 2.50, 95% CI: 1.35-4.64). Use of other
       contraceptives, including oral contraceptives, was not significantly
       associated with HIV infection. Our findings confirm that HIV and STDs
       are a major public health problem among women in Dar-es-Salaam.(ABSTRACT
       TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 DE    Abortion/COMPLICATIONS  Adolescence  Adult  Age Factors  Case-Control
       Studies  Contraception Behavior  Cross-Sectional Studies  Educational
       Status  Female  Human  HIV Infections/*EPIDEMIOLOGY  HIV Seroprevalence
       Male  Marital Status  Middle Age  Occupations  Pregnancy  Prevalence
       Risk Factors  Sex Behavior  Sexual Partners  Sexually Transmitted
       Diseases/COMPLICATIONS/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support,
       U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  Tanzania/EPIDEMIOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).