Document 0256
 DOCN  M9440256
 TI    Prevention of sexually transmitted infections. Physical and chemical
       barrier methods.
 DT    9404
 AU    Stratton P; Alexander NJ; National Institute of Child Health and Human
       Development/Center; for Population Research/Contraceptive Development
       Branch,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland.
 SO    Infect Dis Clin North Am. 1993 Dec;7(4):841-59. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/94149266
 AB    Barrier contraceptives, including mechanical methods, chemical methods,
       and combinations thereof, have the potential to decrease the spread of
       STDs, are inexpensive, and do not have any systemic effects. Currently,
       the concerns that the efficacy of latex condoms is limited because they
       are not consistently used, they can break, may cause allergies, and have
       a limited shelf-life has led to the development of condoms made of other
       materials such as polyurethane. Spermicides using nonoxynol-9 as their
       active ingredient have been shown to be effective in preventing the
       transmission of some STDs such as gonorrhea and chlamydia. In the
       absence of well-controlled studies of nonoxynol-9 efficacy against HIV,
       questions have been raised that some formulations, high doses, or
       frequent use may be associated with genital tract irritation, and
       possibly, enhancement of HIV transmission. Because heterosexual
       transmission will continue to be the major route of HIV transmission
       worldwide, the development and consistent use of a chemical or
       mechanical barrier during intercourse may be the best way to decrease
       the spread of HIV.
 DE    *Condoms  *Contraceptive Devices, Female  Female  Human  Male  Sexually
       Transmitted Diseases/*PREVENTION & CONTROL  *Spermatocidal Agents
       JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

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