Document 0453
 DOCN  M9440453
 TI    Differences in the central major histocompatibility complex between
       humans and chimpanzees. Implications for development of autoimmunity and
       acquired immune deficiency syndrome.
 DT    9404
 AU    Leelayuwat C; Zhang WJ; Abraham LJ; Townend DC; Gaudieri S; Dawkins RL;
       Department of Clinical Immunology, Royal Perth Hospital, Western;
       Australia.
 SO    Hum Immunol. 1993 Sep;38(1):30-41. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/94140612
 AB    Chimpanzees (Pan Troglodytes) and humans are closely related and belong
       to the same subfamily, Homininae. The approximately 1.8% genetic
       difference that exists between humans and the chimpanzees must be
       responsible for observed differences between these two species. It has
       been shown that chimpanzees can be infected with HIV, but AIDS has not
       been reported. Furthermore, the prevalence of autoimmune diseases may be
       low in this species. For instance, type II diabetes occurs, but type I
       (autoimmune) diabetes (IDDM), to our knowledge, has not been reported.
       In humans, susceptibility genes for MG and IDDM have been localized to
       the region between TNF and HLA-B. This region may also influence the
       rate of progression to death after HIV infection. We have identified
       differences in this region between humans and the chimpanzees. As shown
       by PFGE, the TNF to Patr-B region in the chimpanzees is approximately
       130-160 kb shorter than the equivalent in humans. Southern and sequence
       analyses indicate that the deletions in chimpanzees (insertions in
       humans) include one copy of CL (approximately 10 kb) and the X sequences
       (< 30 kb). Obviously, other deletions/insertions (approximately 120 kb)
       need to be identified. Since CL has been shown to be transcribed, the
       results imply the lack of the gene or, at least, a different gene copy
       number in the chimpanzees, and we propose that such differences may be
       relevant to the observed functional differences. We demonstrate here a
       strategy to identify critical genes responsible for disease development.
 DE    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/*GENETICS/IMMUNOLOGY  Animal
       Autoimmune Diseases/*GENETICS/IMMUNOLOGY  Base Sequence  Cell Line,
       Transformed  Chimpansee troglodytes/*GENETICS  Chromosome Mapping
       Chromosomes, Yeast Artificial  Cloning, Molecular  Comparative Study
       *Genome, Human  Haplotypes/GENETICS  Human  HIV
       Infections/GENETICS/IMMUNOLOGY  Major Histocompatibility
       Complex/*GENETICS  Molecular Sequence Data  Phylogeny  Polymerase Chain
       Reaction  Polymorphism (Genetics)/GENETICS  Sequence Analysis, DNA
       Sequence Homology, Nucleic Acid  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).