Document 0318
 DOCN  M9460318
 TI    Serological diagnosis of HIV infection using oral fluid samples.
 DT    9404
 AU    Tamashiro H; Constantine NT; Diagnostics Unit, World Health
       Organization, Geneva, Switzerland.
 SO    Bull World Health Organ. 1994;72(1):135-43. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/94177684
 AB    The serological identification of antibodies to human immunodeficiency
       virus (HIV) in blood is the most widely used method to diagnose HIV
       infection. Recently, however, the use of oral fluid samples for the
       detection of antibodies to HIV has been suggested as an alternative.
       This review describes some basic information about oral fluids, the
       application of these samples for HIV testing, and summarizes results
       from many of the studies performed using HIV tests with oral fluids. The
       fluids obtained from the oral cavity include saliva and crevicular
       fluid, and can be collected directly (by dribbling) or by using
       commercially available devices. The immunoglobulin content of oral
       fluids is similar to that of blood, but their levels are less. However,
       the use of an HIV IgG antibody capture assay (GAC ELISA) designed
       specifically for testing oral fluids, and certain routine HIV blood
       tests that have been optimized for use with oral fluids, has produced
       encouraging results. A number of studies, including several in
       developing countries, report that the sensitivities and specificities of
       these optimized tests lie in the range 95-100% and 98-100%,
       respectively. Also, the performance of the GAC ELISA was consistent and
       in general, excellent. The article identifies several issues that need
       to be addressed before a recommendation on the routine use of oral fluid
       samples for HIV antibody detection can be made.
 DE    AIDS Serodiagnosis/*METHODS  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay/METHODS
       Exudates and Transudates/IMMUNOLOGY  Human  IgG/ISOLATION & PURIF
       Saliva/*IMMUNOLOGY  Sensitivity and Specificity  Specimen Handling
       JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).