Document 0035
 DOCN  M9460035
 TI    Cellular latency in human immunodeficiency virus-infected individuals
       with high CD4 levels can be detected by the presence of
       promoter-proximal transcripts.
 DT    9408
 AU    Adams M; Sharmeen L; Kimpton J; Romeo JM; Garcia JV; Peterlin BM;
       Groudine M; Emerman M; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of
       Medicine,; University of California, San Francisco 94143.
 SO    Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 1994 Apr 26;91(9):3862-6. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/94224842
 AB    We have investigated the molecular basis of human immunodeficiency virus
       type 1 (HIV-1) latency in a tissue culture model and in HIV-infected
       people. We show that increased levels of Tat, but not Rev, can release
       the proviruses from latency in U1 cells. The absence of Tat in these
       cells is manifested by the accumulation of promoter-proximal viral
       transcripts, whereas the presence of Tat correlates with increased
       expression of viral proteins and an increase in promoter-distal
       transcripts. The presence of promoter-proximal transcripts also serves
       as a marker for latency in humans. We observed the exclusive presence of
       promoter-proximal viral transcripts in peripheral mononuclear cells from
       the majority (10/11) of asymptomatic HIV-infected individuals examined.
       Activation of these cells in vitro, and viremia in vivo, correlated with
       a switch from promoter-proximal transcription to promoter-distal
       transcription. These results suggest that the control between latency
       and replication of HIV in vivo is at the level of transcription
       elongation.
 DE    Antigens, CD4/METABOLISM  Base Sequence  Cells, Cultured  DNA
       Primers/CHEMISTRY  *Gene Expression Regulation, Viral  Gene Products,
       rev/GENETICS  Gene Products, tat/GENETICS  Genes, rev  Genes, tat  Human
       HIV Infections/*MICROBIOLOGY  HIV-1/*GENETICS  In Vitro  Molecular
       Sequence Data  Promoter Regions (Genetics)  RNA, Messenger/GENETICS
       RNA, Viral/GENETICS  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't,
       P.H.S.  *Virus Latency  Virus Replication  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).