Document 0058
 DOCN  M9460058
 TI    The function of a ribosomal frameshifting signal from human
       immunodeficiency virus-1 in Escherichia coli.
 DT    9408
 AU    Yelverton E; Lindsley D; Yamauchi P; Gallant JA; University of
       Washington, Department of Genetics, Seattle 98195.
 SO    Mol Microbiol. 1994 Jan;11(2):303-13. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/94224148
 AB    A 15-17 nucleotide sequence from the gag-pol ribosome frameshift site of
       HIV-1 directs analogous ribosomal frameshifting in Escherichia coli.
       Limitation for leucine, which is encoded precisely at the frameshift
       site, dramatically increased the frequency of leftward frameshifting.
       Limitation for phenylalanine or arginine, which are encoded just before
       and just after the frameshift, did not significantly affect
       frameshifting. Protein sequence analysis demonstrated the occurrence of
       two closely related frameshift mechanisms. In the first, ribosomes
       appear to bind leucyl-tRNA at the frameshift site and then slip
       leftward. This is the 'simultaneous slippage' mechanism. In the second,
       ribosomes appear to slip before binding aminoacyl-tRNA, and then bind
       phenylalanyl-tRNA, which is encoded in the left-shifted reading frame.
       This mechanism is identical to the 'overlapping reading' we have
       demonstrated at other bacterial frameshift sites. The HIV-1 sequence is
       prone to frame-shifting by both mechanisms in E. coli.
 DE    beta-Galactosidase/BIOSYNTHESIS/METABOLISM  Amino Acid Sequence  Base
       Sequence  Cloning, Molecular  Comparative Study  Escherichia coli/GROWTH
       & DEVELOPMENT/*GENETICS/METABOLISM  *Frameshift Mutation  Gene Products,
       gag/GENETICS/*METABOLISM  Gene Products, pol/GENETICS/*METABOLISM
       *Genes, gag  *Genes, pol  Genome, Viral  HIV-1/*GENETICS  Molecular
       Sequence Data  Oligodeoxyribonucleotides  Restriction Mapping
       Ribosomes/*METABOLISM  RNA, Transfer, Amino Acyl/*METABOLISM  RNA,
       Transfer, Leu/METABOLISM  RNA, Transfer, Phe/METABOLISM  Support, U.S.
       Gov't, P.H.S.  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).