Document 0208
 DOCN  M9460208
 TI    Duration of time from onset of human immunodeficiency virus type 1
       infectiousness to development of detectable antibody. The HIV
       Seroconversion Study Group.
 DT    9408
 AU    Petersen LR; Satten GA; Dodd R; Busch M; Kleinman S; Grindon A; Lenes B;
       Division of HIV/AIDS, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention,;
       Atlanta, Georgia.
 SO    Transfusion. 1994 Apr;34(4):283-9. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/94233574
 AB    BACKGROUND: For persons newly infected with the human immunodeficiency
       virus type 1 (HIV-1), the time from the onset of infectivity to the
       development of detectable HIV-1 antibody is unknown. Persons who donate
       blood during this period account for nearly all instances of HIV-1
       transmission from HIV-1 antibody-screened blood transfusions. STUDY
       DESIGN AND METHODS: To estimate the window period from infectivity to
       HIV-1 antibody positivity, 701 HIV-1-seropositive blood donors who made
       a previous seronegative donation at 40 United States blood centers were
       studied. The HIV-1 antibody status was determined for at least one
       recipient of blood from the seronegative donation preceding the
       seropositive donation made by 182 of the 701 donors. RESULTS: There were
       39 seropositive recipients of blood from these 182 donors. Three donors
       were excluded from further analysis because the seropositive recipients
       of their blood had other HIV-1 risk factors or had HIV-1 infection
       before transfusion. The final study population comprised the remaining
       179 donors, of whom 36 (20%) transmitted HIV-1 infection to recipients.
       When the interval between the seropositive donation and the preceding
       seronegative donation was less than 180 days, 46 percent of the donors
       transmitted HIV-1. In contrast, when that interval exceeded 540 days,
       only 2 percent transmitted HIV-1. A mathematical model was developed to
       explain the relationship between the probability that the previous
       seronegative donation occurred during the donor's window period of
       infectiousness, and hence transmitted HIV-1, as a function of both the
       window period and the duration between the seropositive and previous
       seronegative donations. This model indicated that the transmission data
       were most consistent with an average window period of 45 days. Assuming
       a log-normal window period distribution, it was estimated with 95
       percent certainty that at least 90 percent of persons had a window
       period of less than 141 days. CONCLUSION: The window period averages 45
       days, with few, if any, donors remaining infectious and seronegative for
       longer than 6 months.
 DE    Adolescence  Adult  Aged  *Blood Donors  Female  Human  HIV
       Antibodies/BLOOD  HIV Infections/*TRANSMISSION  HIV
       Seropositivity/*DIAGNOSIS  *HIV-1  Male  Middle Age  Multicenter Studies
       Time Factors  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).