|f?
Press ~0EF1~~ for more info...
|SE
~0FPress ~0EF1~0F again for General Help.~~
|GE
Press ~0EF1~~ again for more General Help.
|GH
Press ~0EF1~~ again for more General Help on Help.
|F0~0FFieldCalc - Commands Available Quick Reference~~

Key     Command Description
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
~0E<space>~~ switches active instrument points if there are more than one
 ~0EH~~      Horizontal Angle Entry - specifies the current foresight angle
 ~0EV~~      Vertical Angle Entry - specifies the slope angle of the current FS
 ~0EB~~      Backsight Angle Entry - changes the current backsight angle
 ~0EG~~      Gun Distance - creates a point a specified distance along the FS angle
~0E(~~ or ~0E)~~  Traverse Arc - creates a point along an arc from the current FS angle
 ~0E%~~      Offset Intersection - creates point at specified offsets from BS and FS
 ~0EM~~      Multiple Shots Entry - allows entry of multiple traverses or sideshots
 ~0EP~~      Polar Inverses - changes inverse type to polar (default)
 ~0EQ~~      Arc Inverses - changes inverse type to arcs
 ~0EO~~      Offset Inverses - changes inverse type to offsets
 ~0EC~~      Create Coordinate - allows entering northing, easting, and elevation
 ~0ET~~      Target Height - sets the target height for slope angle processing
 ~0EI~~      Instrument Height - sets the instrument height for slope angles
 ~0E!!~~      Rotation - rotates points by the angle from BS to FS
 ~0E?~~      Describe Point - allows entry of a point description
^f1&f?
|f1~0FFieldCalc - Commands Available Quick Reference~~

Key     Command Description (commands requiring 2 instrument points)
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 ~0E!&~~      Transformation - moves points from active IP to the next inactive IP
		(elevations ARE affected)
 ~0EX~~      Bearing Bearing - calculates the point that is the intersection of the
		FS of the current IP and the FS of the next inactive instrument point
~0E<~~ or ~0E>~~  Distance Distance - calculates a point at specified distances from
		the current instrument points
 ~0E!|~~      Bearing Distance - calculates a point on line from the active IP FS and
		at a specified distance from the next inactive instrument IP
 ~0E@~~      Predetermined Triangle - calculates a point on line from the active IP
		FS that creates a triangle of a specified area with the next inactive IP
 ~0E#~~      Predetermined Trapezoid - calculates two different points along the FS
		bearings of the current instrument points that creates a quadrilateral
		of a specified area
^f2&f?
|f2~0FFieldCalc - General Info~~

	The FieldCalc applet is the focus of all of CoGoCalc's functions.  It is
within FieldCalc that most of the survey calculations are implemented, and only
within FieldCalc is it so easy to see what the calculations are doing.
	The focal point of FieldCalc itself is the active instrument point.  This
point is represented by a yellow tripod and transit in the main output window.
From this icon should extend two lines - one made of long dashes and the other
made of short dots.  The dashed line represents the backsight of the current
active instrument point while the dotted line represents the current foresight.
The backsight and foresight can be altered by the FieldCalc key commands ~0EB~~ and
~0EH~~, respectively.
	If there is more than one instrument point, the inactive instrument point
will appear as a grey tripod and transit with backsight and foresight lines
extending from it.  You can make an inactive instrument point active by
pressing ~0E<space>~~.
^f3&f?
|f3~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Keyboard Usage~~

	FieldCalc keyboard commands can be issued if the active field of the
command line is any of the first three: command field, instrument point field,
or target point field.  If the active field is the group field, FieldCalc
commands will be ignored, as group field keyboard usage conflicts with
FieldCalc keyboard usage.  FieldCalc commands will also be ignored if a
command is currently being processed whose prompt begins with "(ESC)".  In all
other circumstances, however, a command currently being processed can be
aborted by pressing the key corresponding to a different command.
	When a command in FieldCalc is processed it is almost always cyclic; that
is, it repeats itself over and over until it is aborted.  For instance, when
the ~0EH~~ command is executed (Horizontal Angle Entry), and you type in a new
bearing at the prompt, the prompt comes right back and asks you for a new
bearing again.  If you do not wish to enter another horizontal angle, you can
simply press the letter of the command you do wish to process.  The ~0EH~~ command
will be aborted and the new command will immediately be processed.
^f4&f?
|f4~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Keyboard Usage (continued)~~

	The ~0EEsc~~ key can also abort commands, only without executing another one.
In addition, it will stop a lengthy series of foresights and sideshots that has
been initiated by entering a range in the appropriate field of the command
line.  This is useful if the range was mistyped and an overly long range of
points was being processed.  Note that the ~0EEsc~~ key must be held down until all
activity stops in order to abort processing effectively.
	The ~0ECtrl~~ and ~0EAlt~~ keys behave in FieldCalc exactly as they do in the Draw
and Edit applets.  When the ~0ECtrl~~ key is pressed, the mouse cursor switches to
zoom mode, and selected areas may be zoomed in and out using the appropriate
mouse buttons.  When the ~0EAlt~~ key is pressed, the highlighted field on the
command line is temporarily switched to the group field, allowing quick changes
between group layers.
^f5&f?
|f5~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Keyboard Usage (continued)~~

	The ~0EScroll Lock~~ key toggles between scrolling the main output window every
time a new traverse or sideshot is implemented (~0EScroll Lock~~ on), and scrolling
the main output window only when the target point is not located currently on
the screen (~0EScroll Lock~~ off).
	The ~0EInsert~~ key toggles between "snapping" to the nearest point (~0EInsert~~ off)
and creating a new point when the left mouse button is pressed (~0EInsert~~ on).
^f6&f?
|f6~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Mouse Usage~~

	When there are no instrument points currently entered, the mouse cursor
appears as the yellow tripod and transit in the main output window.  In this
mode, the mouse cursor can be used to specify a startup instrument point.  If
POINT INSERT is on (~0EInsert~~ key on), the instrument point is created as a new
point at the location on the screen where the left mouse button is clicked.  If
SNAP TO POINT is on (~0EInsert~~ key off), the instrument point becomes the nearest
existing point to the location of the mouse click (within a certain range - if
the cursor is too far away from any points, nothing happens).
	When there is a currently defined instrument point, the mouse cursor
appears as a red and white target rod.  In this mode, the mouse cursor is used
to specify the destination points of inverses or stakeouts, depending in which
mode FieldCalc is currently running.  In FORESIGHTS mode, pressing the left
mouse button loads a new instrument point into the instrument point field of
the command line and initiates a foresight inverse.  In SIDESHOTS mode,
clicking the left mouse button loads a new target point into the target point
field of the command line and a stakeout line (angle right from backsight) is
generated.
^f7&f?
|f7~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Mouse Usage (continued)~~

	In either FORESIGHTS or SIDESHOTS mode, pressing the right mouse button
generates a "temporary stakeout line," which creates a stakeout line from the
location of the target rod cursor and the active instrument point without
creating a new point number or loading the target point field.
^f8&f?
|f8~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Techniques~~

	A lot of the functionallity of the FieldCalc interface lies in details of
how the program does what it does rather than what it does.

~0AAngles~~

	The foresight and backsight bearings of the current instrument points are
stored in separate double precision variables with radians being the internal
unit of angle measurement.  East is considered to be 0 radians and the value
increases in the counter-clockwise direction with North being PI / 2.0 radians
and South being (3.0 * PI) / 2.0 radians.  Bearing values will approach 2.0 *
PI radians, but should never be greater or equal to that value.
	The vertical angles of the current instrument points are also stored in
double precision variables with radians being the internal unit of measurement.
These internal variables should range between PI / 2.0 (straight up) and - PI /
2.0 (straight down), with 0.0 being exactly level.  Vertical angles are only
used in FieldCalc's calculations if an internal toggle has been set by entering
a vertical angle with the ~0EV~~ key command.  (Vertical angles may be turned
off by pressing the ~0EDelete~~ or ~0EEnd~~ key after pressing the ~0EV~~ key.)
^f9&f?
|f9~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Techniques (continued)~~

	Though the internal unit of measurement is radians, angles are almost
always input in the DMS (Degrees Minutes Seconds) format, as this seems to be
the standard for surveyors.  In addition, angles may be entered in several
different "entry modes," which end up modifying the final bearing value.
For instance, Angle Right entry mode (AR) treats the current backsight bearing
as 0° while Deflection Right entry mode (DR) treats the backsight as 180°.
(More detailed info concerning angle entry modes can be obtained by pressing
~0EH~~ and then ~0EF1~~.)
	Backsight and foresight bearings can be altered both explicitly (with the
~0EB~~ and ~0EH~~ key commands), or implicitly.  Backsight bearings are loaded implicitly
only when an instrument point is moved to a new point with a foresight inverse.
After a foresight inverse, the backsight will always be back along the
direction from which the instrument point just came.  Foresight bearings are
loaded implicitly every time a stakeout line or foresight inverse is generated.
The new foresight will match the bearing of the stakeout or the direction of
the inverse.
^f;&f?
|f;~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Techniques (continued)~~

~0ADistances~~

	FieldCalc does not necessarily use any particular system of measurement in
calculating and describing distances, though most distances are displayed with
a single quotation mark (') at their end to signify decimal feet.  Any system
can be used as long as all distances and coordinates within a file are entered
consistently.
	All distances specified in FieldCalc must lie in the range of 1000000000.0
(positive 1 billion) to -1000000000.0 (negative 1 billion), non-inclusive.
Positive distances traverse along a particular bearing or arc-direction in a
forward or clockwise manner.  Negative distances initiate traverses that go
in the opposite direction to a particular bearing, or counter-clockwise along
an arc.  In Distance-Distance or Bearing-Distance calculations, both of which
usually have 2 possible solutions, specifying negative distances will return a
different solution than specifying the distances as positive values.  (Press ~0EF1~~
while executing either of these commands for more information.)
^f.&f?
|f.~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Techniques (continued)~~

~0AAreas~~

	Areas in FieldCalc are specified in either square units (decimal feet is
assumed) or acres (assumed to be 43560.0 square units).  Areas are limited to
the same range of values as distances are (positive 1 billion to negative 1
billion), and behave much the same when executing certain commands.  Specifying
a negative area in either of the predetermined area calculations will give
different results than when using positive values.

~0ACoordinates~~

	Coordinates are stored as 3 separate double precision memory locations, one
memory location each for northing, easting, and elevation.  Positive values for
coordinates are north, east, or above the origin while negative coordinates are
south, west, or below the origin.  In order to view all coordinates in the main
output window, the minimum and maximum of northings and eastings in a single
file should not differ by more than 700000.0 units. (The display driver may
refuse to zoom in or out when coordinates differ by more than this value.)
^f:&f?
|f:~0FFieldCalc - General Info - Techniques (continued)~~

Also, coordinates should be centered around the origin to maintain maximum
precision - using only large positive values uses up many of the digits of
precision of a double precision number needlessly.

									**

	FieldCalc calculation functions are describe separately in detail.  To get
more information about a particular function, initiate the function using the
proper key command, then press ~0EF1~~.  This should bring up the context-sensitive
help for the desired command.
&SE
|F1~0FFieldCalc - Instrument Point Entry Quick Reference~~

Key     Effect
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
~0E0~~ - ~0E9~~   Enters a new instrument point number, range of points, or jump point
~0E<Enter>~~ Processes the currently entered point number
~0E.~~ or ~0E,~~  Processes the currently entered number and increments the number of
        instrument points by one (maximum is currently two)
 ~0EJ~~      If there is already an instrument point, "jumps" the active instrument
        point to the point currently entered - does not initiate a foresight
~0E/~~ or ~0E\~~  Processes the currently entered point and then switches entry to range
        mode, where the next point entered should be the range end
 ~0E*~~      Overwrite point - enters and processes a point number as if it did not
        already exist
 ~0E+~~      Finds the next free point that is greater than the point currently
        entered
 ~0E-~~      Finds the next free point that is less than the point currently entered
~0EDelete~~  Deletes a point number that has not yet been processed in any other
		manner (Syntax: type digits of number then press ~0EDelete~~)
^fb&f?
|fb~0FFieldCalc - Instrument Point Entry~~

    Entering a new instrument point in FieldCalc produces an inverse between
the last instrument point and the new one (except when the point is entered
with the ~0EJ~~ key).
    The color of the highlighted instrument point field on the command line
shows what entry mode is currently active.  If the color is bright blue, points
entered will be processed normally.  If the color is magenta (purple), the next
point is expected to be an additional instrument point (one more than there is
currently).  If the color is red, the next point is expected to be the end of a
range of instrument points.  All existing points in this range will be
processed individually.
    When the ~0E+~~ and ~0E-~~ keys are used to find the next available point number,
it is necessary to note that the point is not processed after it is found.  In
fact, it is available for editing - pressing the backspace will delete the last
digit of the point number found.
    Using the ~0EDelete~~ key on a point number will not let you delete a point that
is currently a FieldCalc instrument point.
^F0&f?
|F2~0FFieldCalc - Target Point Entry Quick Reference~~

Key     Effect
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
~0E0~~ - ~0E9~~   Enters a new target point or range of target points
~0E<Enter>~~ Processes the currently entered point number
~0E.~~ or ~0E,~~  Processes the currently entered point number and increments the number
        of target points by one
~0E/~~ or ~0E\~~  Processes the currently entered point number and then switches to range
        entry mode, where the next point entered should be the range end
 ~0E*~~      Overwrite point - processes a point number as if it did not
        already exist
 ~0E+~~      Finds the next free point that is greater than the point currently
        entered
 ~0E-~~      Finds the next free point that is less than the point currently entered
~0EDelete~~  Deletes a point number that has not yet been processed in any other
        maneer (Syntax: type digits of number then press ~0EDelete~~)
^fc&f?
|fc~0FFieldCalc - Target Point Entry~~

    The effects of entering a new target point number differ depending on
whether the point number entered already exists, on the number of currently
defined instrument points, and on the number of target points. The following
is a list of the possible situations and what effect each situation brings
about.

#IPs  #TPs  TP exists   Effect Description
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 0     -       -        Nothing happens
 1     1      Yes       Stakeout line from instrument point to target
 1     1      No        Sideshot - asks for bearing and distance
 1     2      Yes       Curve inverse between target points
 1     2      No        Traverse Arc - asks for arc parameters
 2     1      Yes       Sideshot from active instrument point
 2     1      No        Bearing-Bearing - asks for horizontal angles
 2     1      No (,)    Sideshot from active instrument point
 2     2      Yes       Curve inverse between target points
 2     2      No        Traverse Arc from active instrument point
^F0&f?
|fa    Angles may be entered normally (see following pages), or you may use the ~0E=~~
(like) sign to substitute the calculated bearing between two points.  To do so,
simply type ~0E=~~ followed by either two point numbers separated by a dash, or a
single point preceded by a dash.  In the latter type of entry, the bearing is
calculated using the current instrument point as the first bearing point.
&f?
|FH~0FFieldCalc:  Horizontal Angle Entry~~

    You are changing the direction which the active instrument (yellow tripod
with distance gun) faces.  This angle affects almost every calculation in both
FORESIGHTS and SIDESHOTS modes.  The current horizontal circle is depicted by
the dotted line extending away from the instrument.
^f@&fa

|f@~0FFieldCalc:  Horizontal Angle Entry (continued)~~

    The type of angle you wish to enter may be changed at any point of the
bearing entry until the ~0EENTER~~ key is hit.  The current type of angle is depicted
in the first two characters of the shown bearing, and will always be one of the
following:

  NE = NorthEast                          NW = NorthWest
  SE = SouthEast                          SW = SouthWest
  AR = Angle Right                        AL = Angle Left
  AZ = north AZimuth
  DR = Deflection Right                   DL = Deflection Left
   + = added to default angle              - = subtracted from default angle

    To change the bearing entry type, simply type the characters of the appro-
priate code shown above.  You may not always have to type both letters for
2-letter codes.
^F*&f?
|F*~0FFieldCalc:  Angle Entry~~

    Entering angles is done in the D.MMSSF form, where D stands for degrees, MM
for two minutes digits, SS for two seconds digits, and F for a fraction of a
second of up to 8 digits.  It may take some practice to get used to the way the
input handler processes your keystrokes.
^F0&f?
|FV~0FFieldCalc:  Vertical Angle Entry~~

	Vertical angle entry allows you to change the direction of a traverse or
sideshot so that the shot is made above or below the level horizon.  When
vertical angles are used, it affects both the elevations and the horizontal
distances of target points.  By default, vertical angles are not used and must
be activated by entering any value at the vertical angle entry prompt.  They
may be inactivated by pressing either ~0EDelete~~ or ~0EEnd~~ at the entry prompt.
	There is only one entry mode for vertical angles (ZA).  In this mode 90° is
considered to be straight along the level horizon, while angles below 90° are
above the level horizon and angles above 90° are below the level horizon.  This
entry mode appears to be the standard for surveying equipment and for other
coordinate geometry programs.
^F*&f?
|FT~0FFieldCalc:  Target Height Entry~~

	Setting the target height is only useful if vertical angles have been
activated by entering a value at the vertical angle entry prompt (~0EV~~ key
command).  The target height will be subtracted from the elevation of points
created by traverses or sideshots.
^F0&f?
|FI~0FFieldCalc:  Instrument Height Entry~~

	Setting the instrument height is only useful if vertical angles have been
activated by entering a value at the vertical angle entry prompt (~0EV~~ key
command).  The instrument height will be added to the elevation of points
created by traverses or sideshots.
^F0&f?
|F@~0FFieldCalc:  Predetermined Area: Triangle~~

	You must have two instrument points to specify a predetermined triangular
area.  For information on how to set up 2 instrument points, press ~0ETab~~ and then
~0EF1~~.
	The Predetermined Area: Triangle function uses the foresight of the current
active instrument point to find a point that completes a triangle of the given
area whose base is the line segment between the two instrument points.  The
foresight of the active instrument point should be set prior to calling this
procedure.
	The area may be specified in either square units (feet is assumed) or in
acres.  Pressing A during the area entry will tag the value entered as being
in acres, while pressing S will tag it as being square feet.  Pressing ~0EPage Up~~
or ~0EPage Down~~ will switch between the two different entry modes, converting the
default value from one to the other during the process.
^F0&f?
|F#~0FFieldCalc:  Predetermined Area: Trapezoid~~

	You must have two instrument points to specify a predetermined trapezoidal
area.  For information on how to set up 2 instrument points, press ~0ETab~~ and then
~0EF1~~.
	The Predetermined Area: Trapezoid function uses the foresights of the
current instrument points to find a point that completes a quadrilateral of the
given area whose base is the line segment between the two instrument points.
The foresights of the instrument points should be set prior to calling this
procedure.
	The area may be specified in either square units (feet is assumed) or in
acres.  Pressing A during the area entry will tag the value entered as being
in acres, while pressing S will tag it as being square feet.  Pressing ~0EPage Up~~
or ~0EPage Down~~ will switch between the two different entry modes, converting the
default value from one to the other during the process.
^F0&f?
|FG~0FFieldCalc:  Gun Distance~~

	The Gun Distance command creates a point at the specified distance along
the foresight bearing of the current active instrument point.  Then, depending
on whether FieldCalc is in FORESIGHTS or SIDESHOTS mode, the point created is
used as either the destination of a foresight inverse or the target of a
stakeout line.
	The entry of the distance shot by the gun can be done in many different
ways.  First, the default distance (which appears as the answer to the
"Gun - Shoot distance?" prompt) can be used by simply pressing ~0EEnter~~.  Second,
a value may be typed in at the keyboard digit by digit, and then entered with
the ~0EEnter~~ key.  Third, a value may be calculated from the distance between two
known coordinates by using the ~0E=~~ key.  Fourth and final, a value may be copied
from one of the Calc applet registers, also by using the ~0E=~~ key.
^da&f?
|da^db&sm|
|db^F0&sM|
|F(~0FFieldCalc:  Arc Traverse~~

	The Arc Traverse function allows you to specify 2 of 5 possible parameters
to create a point at the end of an arc that has the current instrument point as
its radius point.  Use the ~0EPage Up~~ and ~0EPage Down~~ keys in the center of enhanced
keyboards to select the parameters you wish to specify.  The following is a list
of the possible parameters:

  Radius        = the distance from radius point to arc end point
  Arc Length    = the distance along the arc from start point to end point
  Chord         = the length of a line drawn between start point and end point
  Tangent       = the distance from start point to the point of intersect (PI)
  Central Angle = the angle the radius point turns to get from start point to
                  end point
^F0&f?
|F)&F(
|F ~0FFieldCalc:  Active Instrument Point Switch~~

	The ~0E<space>~~ key switches the active instrument point.  If there is only one
instrument point, this command essentially does nothing.
^F0&f?
|Fc&FC
|FC~0FFieldCalc:  Coordinate Entry~~

	Coordinate Entry allows you to enter points by their coordinates: northing,
easting, and elevation.  Entry of coordinates may be made by typing in each
part digit by digit or by using the ~0E=~~ key and a standard equivalency statement.
The ~0EEnter~~ key must be pressed after typing in the digits or executing an
equivalency statement.  Pressing ~0EPage Up~~ and ~0EPage Down~~ will move back and
forth through the different parts of the coordinate.  Pressing ~0EEnter~~ on the
"ACCEPT" prompt will create the coordinate at the location specified.
^oo&f?
|oo^o0&sm
|o0^F0&sM
|F%~0FFieldCalc:  Offset Intersection~~

	The Offset Intersection command calculates a coordinate based on perpen-
dicular offsets from the foresight and backsight of the active instrument
point.  The first offset value entered is the perpencular offset from the
active backsight while the second value is the offset from the active
foresight.  The sign of the value entered determines which perpendicular offset
direction is calculated.  Negative values are offset left (i.e. if you were
standing at the instrument point and were facing the bearing in question, the
offset would be calculated to your left).  Positive values are offset right.
Note that in most cases the foresight and backsight setup will require that
there be one positive value and one negative value.
	The active foresight and backsight should be set to the needed bearings
before activating this command.
^0i&f?
|0i^0I&sm
|0I^F0&sM
|F!&~0FFieldCalc:  Coordinate Transformation~~

	You must have two instrument points defined in order to use this command.
for help on setting up two instrument points, press ~0ETab~~ then ~0EF1~~.

	The Coordinate Transformation command allows you to "transform" point
coordinates from one coordinate system to another.  In plain terms, it allows
you to move points within the CoGoCalc coordinate system so that two or more
sets of points can be aligned.
	Coordinates are moved from the active instrument point to the inactive
instrument point.  The instrument points should be set to the appropriate point
numbers before executing this command.
	There is currently no way to undo this command, except by aborting the
session (~0EShift-F10~~).  Because of this, you must press ~0EY~~ in response to a
verification prompt in order to complete the transformation.  (If you do not
wish to transform points, press ~0EESC~~ instead.)
^F0&f?
|F!!~0FFieldCalc:  Coordinate Rotation~~

	The Coordinate Rotation command allows you to rotate points around a center
hub so that the points move as if they were attached to a wheel that had spun.
This keeps the points in the proper distance relationship from one another, but
changes the absolute bearings of the points within the CoGoCalc coordinate
system.
	All points currently available for editing will be rotated the angle
difference between the backsight and foresight of the active instrument point.
In other words, the points are rotated until the active backsight matches up
with the active foresight.
	There is currently no way to undo this command, except by aborting the
session (~0EShift-F10~~).  Because of this, you must press ~0EY~~ in response to a
verification prompt in order to complete the rotation.  (If you do not wish to
rotate points, press ~0EESC~~ instead.)
^F0&f?
|FK~0FFieldCalc:  Kill Instrument Points~~

	The Kill Instrument Points command removes all instrument points and clears
the instrument point field of the command line.  This is akin to packing up and
pulling out in field surveying terms.  Killing instrument points is not really
necessary, but for the sake of aesthetics was added as a function of FieldCalc.
^F0&f?
|FM~0FFieldCalc: Multiple Shot Entry~~

	The Multiple Shot Entry command processes Horizontal Angle Entry, Vertical
Angle Entry, and Gun Distance commands sequentially, without having to type the
~0EH~~, ~0EV~~, or ~0EG~~ between each one.  This is useful for entering a long list of shots
obtained from the field.  For more information on the use of this command,
press ~0EH~~, ~0EV~~, or ~0EG~~ and then ~0EF1~~.

  NOTE:  Vertical angles will not be asked for if vertical angles have not
		 been activated by entering a value at the Vertical Angle Entry
		 prompt.
^F0&f?
|FQ~0FFieldCalc:  Set Arc Sideshots~~

	This command switches from the current sideshot setting to arc sideshots,
which show arc information based on the target point and the previous
foresight.  Note:  Pressing the left Shift key while activating this command
(via the Q key) will active OBTUSE arc sideshots.  Normally, an arc sideshot
only shows information for the ACUTE angle.
^F0&f?
|FP~0FFieldCAlc:  Set Polar Sideshots~~

	This command switches from the current sideshot mode to polar sideshots.
Polar sideshots are the default type of sideshot, and consist of finding the
relative bearing and distance of a given point in relationship to the active
instrument point and backsight (a "stakeout line," in surveying terms).
^F0&f?
|FO~0FFieldCalc:  Set Perpendicular Offset Sideshots~~

	This command switches the current sideshot mode to perpendicular offsets.
In this mode the perpendicular offsets from the current foresight to the target
point are calculated, instead of a direct bearing and distance.  Both the
distance along the foresight to the offset intersection and the length of the
perpendicular offset are calculated and shown.
^F0&f?
|F?~0FFieldCalc:  Point Description Entry~~

	This command allows you to describe a point for future reference.  Descrip-
tions can consist of symbols, punctuation, numbers, and letters, but should not
exceed 28 characters in length.
^F0&f?
|F!|~0FFieldCalc:  Bearing - Distance~~

	You must have two instrument points defined in order to use this command.
for help on setting up two instrument points, press ~0ETab~~ then ~0EF1~~.

	The Bearing - Distance command uses the foresight bearing of the active
instrument point and a specified distance from the inactive instrument point
to calculate the coordinates of a new point.  The foresight bearing of the
active instrument point should be set prior to executing this command.  The
distance to the inactive instrument point is specified after activating the
command.
	Generally there will be two possible solutions for a Bearing - Distance
calculation, but only one will be generated by this command.  The solution
that is generated depends on the distance value entered.  If the value entered
is positive, this command will use the solution that is the closest point to
the active instrument point that is in the positive direction of the current
active foresight.  If the value entered is negative, the opposite solution is
used.  Note that this command may sometimes find points that are directly
behind the current active foresight.
^*a&f?
|*a~0FFieldCalc:  Bearing - Distance (continued)~~

	This command will fail (and a beep will sound) if there are no solutions
to the specified parameters (i.e., the inactive instrument point does not
come within the specified distance of the active foresight).
	Entry of the distance parameter is possible by a variety of different
methods.  Read the following pages for information about equivalency
statements.
^*b&f?
|*b^*c&sm
|*c^F0&sM
|F>&F<
|F<~0FFieldCalc:  Distance - Distance~~

	You must have two instrument points defined in order to use this command.
for help on setting up two instrument points, press ~0ETab~~ then ~0EF1~~.

	This command creates a new point at a point that is the specified distances
from both the active instrument point and the inactive instrument point.  The
distance from the active instrument point is specified first, with the distance
from the inactive instrument point following.
	There are always two possible solutions to this command (one solution is a
mirror to the other).  Only one solution is created, however.  The solution
that is used is the solution that is in a clockwise direction from the active
instrument point around through the inactive instrument point and both solution
points.
	If there is no solution, given the current instrument point setup and the
specified distances, then this command will fail and a beep will sound.  This
will occur if both distances entered do not add up to a value greater than the
distance between instrument points.
^$0&f?
|$0^$1&sm
|$1^F0&sM
|sm~0FSuffixes for Equivalent (=) Entry~~

	When entering a value at a prompt, the ~0E=~~ key may be used to automatically
load certain values.  The type of value that is loaded is controlled by the
"suffix" key pressed at the end of an equivalency statement.  The following
page is a list of the suffixes accepted by CoGoCalc and what value they load.
&f?
|sM~0FSuffixes for Equivalent (=) Entry (continued)~~

P,Q = point numbers     # = register number     - = separator (~0E-~~ key)
* = value is undefined for value entry outside of the FieldCalc applet

Statement   Suffix      Value loaded
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
= P         ~0E<Enter>~~     Distance from the origin to point P
= -P        ~0E<Enter>~~     Distance from the active instrument point to point P*
= P-Q       ~0E<Enter>~~     Distance from point P to point Q
= P         ~0EN~~           Northing coordinate value
= -P        ~0EN~~           Difference in northing between the active IP and P*
= P-Q       ~0EN~~           Difference in northing between points P and Q
= P         ~0EE~~           Easting coordinate value
= -P        ~0EE~~           Difference in easting between the active IP and P*
= P-Q       ~0EE~~           Difference in easting between points P and Q
= P         ~0EL~~           Elevation coordinate value
= -P        ~0EL~~           Difference in elevation between the active IP and P*
= P-Q       ~0EL~~           Difference in elevation between points P and Q
= #         ~0ER~~           Load Calc register (# = 0 - 4)
&f?
|S0~0FEdit/Select Quick Reference~~

	To use the Edit/Select applet, use the mouse cursor to select a rectangular
region of the screen, or enter a range of points in the start point and end
point fields of the command line.  After the desired range has been specified,
use one of the following commands to edit the select points and/or entities.

Key     Command         Description
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 ~0EC~~      Change Layer    Changes all points to the layers highlighted and
						selected in the green-backgrounded group field of the
						command line.  Changes all entities to the selected
						layer in the green-backgrounded group field.
 ~0EX~~      Exclude         Excludes all selected points from editing by area range.
						Prevents points from being displayed or ouput as well.
 ~0EN~~      uNexclude       Unexcludes a particular range of points.
~0EDelete~~  Delete          Deletes all points and/or entities.

Note: Pressing X without specifying a range will unexclude all excluded points.
&SE
|S1&S0
|S2&S0
|S3&S0
|C0~0FCalc Quick Reference~~

	The following is a list of the functions available in Calc, the descrip-
tions of what each function does, and the keys used to initiate the function:

Key     Command         Description
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
~0E<space>~~ Entry Switch    Switches between angle and magnitude entry
~0EEnter~~   Push            Pushes the value showing on the command line and moves
						all register values down one register
~0EPg Up~~   Move Up         Moves the current register up one register
~0EPg Down~~ Move Down       Moves the current register down one register
 ~0EP~~      Pop             "Pops" (removes) 0R and moves all registers values up
 ~0EW~~      Swap            Swaps 0R with the current register (highlighted)
 ~0EK~~      Copy            Copies 0R to the current register (highlighted)
 ~0EA~~      Add             Adds and pops 0R and 1R, then pushes the result
 ~0ES~~      Subtract        Subtracts 0R from 1R, pops them, then pushes the result
 ~0EM~~      Multiply        Multiplies and pops 0R and 1R, then pushes the result
 ~0ED~~      Divide          Divides 1R by 0R, pops both, then pushes the result
 ~0E$~~      Square Root     Finds the square root of 0R
^CR&f?

|CR~0FCalc Quick Reference (continued)~~
Key     Command         Description
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 ~0E!^~~      Power           Finds 1R raised to the 0R power
 ~0E;~~      PI              Loads the command line with the value for PI
 ~0E#~~      Number          Makes the current register a simple number
 ~0E"~~      DMS             Converts the current register to DMS format
 ~0E%~~      Degrees         Converts the current register to Degrees format
 ~0E!&~~      Radians         Converts the current register to Radians format
 ~0E!!~~      Inverse Trig    Makes the next trigonometric function an inverse
						function
 ~0EI~~      SIN             Finds the SINE (or inverse SINE) of 0R
 ~0EC~~      COS             Finds the COSINE (or inverse COSINE) of 0R
 ~0ET~~      TAN             Finds the TANGENT (or inverse TANGENT) of 0R
&SE
|D0~0FDraw Quick Reference~~

	Draw is used to make differenct colored lines and arcs that represent
survey lines and features.  The following is a list of the functions
available in the Draw applet:

Key     Command             Description
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
~0E<space>~~ Direction Change    Changes the direction of arcs and Color Cycle
 ~0EL~~      Line Draw           Switches mouse entry mode to line drawing
 ~0EA~~      Arc Draw            Switches mouse entry mode to arc drawing
 ~0EC~~      Color Cycle         Changes the current draw color value by one
~0EInsert~~  Toggle Insertion    Toggles between insertion mode and snap mode
^D*&f?
|D*~0FDraw:  Mouse Usage~~

	The mouse can be used to draw lines and arcs both between existing points
and at new locations specified in the main output window.  If insertion mode
is on (~0EInsert~~ key on), pressing the left mouse button will create a new point
at the location of the mouse cursor.  If snap mode is on (~0EInsert~~ key off),
pressing the left mouse button will move the mouse cursor to the nearest
existing point.  One of the entity drawing modes (Line Draw or Arc Draw) must
be activated in order to use the mouse to create an entity.  Pressing both
mouse buttons simultaneously will always "snap" to the nearest point.
	An entity (line or arc) is completed and stored after 2 or 3 points have
been entered, depending on the type of entity being drawn.  For arcs, the
points entered are the radius point, point of curve (PC), and point of tangent
(PT), specified in that order.  For lines, any two points specified in any
order will create a line between the two points.
	Pressing the right mouse button will abort the drawing of an entity.
&SE
|D1^D0&D{
|D{~0FDraw:  Start Point Entry~~

	Entering a point number in the start point field of the command line will
initiate the drawing of an entity whose beginning point is the point specified.
Specifying a new start point does not cause an entity to be drawn, whether or
not Draw is already in an entity draw mode.
	Start points must already exist.  Entering a non-existent start point
number will abort the drawing of any entity (line or arc).
&f?
|D2^D0&D}
|D}~0FDraw:  End Point Entry~~

	Entering an end point with the ~0EEnter~~ key will draw a line from the current
start point (entered in the start point field) to the point specified.
	Entering an end point with the ~0E,~~ or ~0E.~~ key will swap the start point and
end point fields and commence the drawing of an arc whose radius point is the
point specified.
	Points entered must already exist.  Entering a non-existent point in the
end point field will abort the drawing of any entity (line or arc).
^D0&f?
|A0~0FArea Draw Quick Reference~~

	The Draw applet in AREA mode is identical to the DRAW applet in normal
mode except for a few differences.  First, lines and arcs created in AREA
mode are only temporary and will not be saved to disk.  Second, there are a
few additional functions available in AREA mode that are described below:

Key     Command             Description
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 ~0E=~~      Calculate Area      Calculates the current specified area in square
							units and acres and displays it.
~0EZ~~      Zero Area           Removes all entities drawn in AREA mode.

^A*&f?
|A*~0FArea Draw:  Calculation Techniques~~

	Area Draw uses a fairly simply algorithm for calculating the area defined
by the lines and arcs drawn.  This algorithm consists of finding the area under
each entity by using calculus integration techniques.  (Finding the area
"under" an entity means finding the area between the entity and the easting
coordinate axis.)  In order to find the area of enclosed geometrical figures
using these techniques, area must be added to the final result when entities
move in the positive easting direction from start point to end point, and area
must be subtracted from the final value when the opposite is true.
	Using this method means that certain precautions must be made in order to
get the correct area calculation.  First, enclosed areas must be drawn in a
completely clockwise or completely counter-clockwise manner.  If one side of a
rectangular figure is drawn from north to south, the other side must be drawn
from south to north, and vice versa.  Second, if there are "islands" inside the
figure that need to be excluded from the calculated area, these islands must be
drawn in the direction opposite to the direction of the outer figure.
^A%&f?
|A%~0FArea Draw:  Calculation Techniques~~

	Area Draw does no verification check to ensure that the figures currently
defined by area entities are actually enclosed.  It is up to the user to make
sure that this is so.  Pressing the ~0E=~~ key when no enclosed areas are defined
will simply display the sum of the integration calculations for each entity.
^D0&f?
|A1^A0&D{
|A2^A0&D}
|M0~0FOuput Quick Reference~~

	The Outlet applet controls differenct aspects of CoGoCalc's output system:

Key     Command             Description
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 ~0ER~~      Regular Zoom        Restores the main output window to its regular
							configuration.
 ~0EL~~      Log Window          Places a small log window at the bottom of the main
							output window.
 ~0EM~~      Maximized Zoom      Maximizes the main output window to fit the whole
							screen.
 ~0EF~~      Full Log Window     Makes the main output window consist entirely of a
							large log window.
 ~0EP~~      Printer Log Toggle  Toggles output to a printer on the first parallel
							port.
 ~0EI~~      Import ASCII File   Imports an ASCII coordinate file into the current
							CoGoCalc file.
 ~0EE~~      Export ASCII File   Exports an ASCII coordinate file consisting of all
							currently exportable points.
^MA&f?
|MA~0FOuput Quick Reference (continued)~~
Key     Command             Description
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 ~0EB~~      Generic CADD Batch  Creates an automatically dimensioned Generic CADD
							version 6.1 batch file from the currently
							exportable points and entities.  The name of the
							file created is COGO.MCR and will be placed in the
							current directory.
&SE
|MR&M0
|ML&M0
|MF&M0
|MP&M0
|MI&M0
|ME&M0
|MB&M0
|F3^F4&G(
|F4^F0&G)
|S3^S4&G(
|S4^S0&G)
|D3^D4&G(
|D4^D0&G)
|A3^A4&G(
|A4^A0&G)
|G(~0FGroup Field Entry~~

	Points and geometrical entities are grouped together by association in
CoGoCalc by layering.  Each point or entity may belong to a particular layer;
points may belong to more than one - entities may only belong to one.
Switching between these layers is accomplished by using the following keys:

Key     Effect
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
~0E+~~ or ~0E=~~  Activates the group shown so that it is displayed
 ~0E-~~      Deactivates all groups
 ~0E*~~      Activates all groups
~0EEnter~~   Toggles the activation of the group shown
 ~0EA~~      Switches to all layers mode, where all groups are displayed
 ~0ES~~      Switches the current group to the Section group
 ~0ED~~      Switches the current group to the Deed group
 ~0EL~~      Switches the current group to the Lots group
 ~0ER~~      Switches the current group to the Road group
 ~0EE~~      Switches the current group to the Easement group
&f?
|G)~0FGroup Field Entry (continued)~~

Key     Effect
───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
 ~0EW~~      Switches the current group to the Water group
 ~0EP~~      Switches the current group to the sePtic group
 ~0EM~~      Switches the current group to the Meander group
 ~0EF~~      Switches the current group to the Fence group
 ~0EU~~      Switches the current group to the Utility group
 ~0EB~~      Switches the current group to the Building group
 ~0EI~~      Switches the current group to the Irrigation group
 ~0EV~~      Switches the current group to the Vegetation group
 ~0EG~~      Switches the current group to the Geometry group
 ~0ET~~      Switches the current group to the Topo group

	If a group (layer) is activated, it will be shown regardless of what the
current group is.  The current group is the group that is shown in the group
box field.
&f?
|HA~0FCoGoCalc - A Surveyor's Calculator                  General Documentation Page 1~~

	CoGoCalc is a tool for making coordinate geometry calculations. (CoGo
stands for COordinate GeOmetry).  The following is a list of some of the
main functions that can be performed using CoGoCalc:

	  ~0F*~~ Polar to Cartesian coordinate conversions (traverses)

	  ~0F*~~ Cartesian to Polar coordinate conversions (inverses)

	  ~0F*~~ Arc length, tangent, radius and central angle calculations

	  ~0F*~~ Perpendicular offset calculations

	  ~0F*~~ Triangulation (bearing-bearing) calculations

	  ~0F*~~ Distance-distance and distance-bearing calculations

	  ~0F*~~ Area and predetermined area calculations
&GE
|HB~0FCoGoCalc - A Surveyor's Calculator                  General Documentation Page 2~~

	CoGoCalc also has a built-in reverse polish notation calculator, and a set
of simple drafting tools.  All of these abilities are combined under a single,
straight-forward graphical interface.

	At the top of the CoGoCalc screen are a row of icons with function key
numbers underneath.  These control which of CoGoCalc's mini-applications (or
applets) have control of the mouse and keyboard.  Each icon is not necessarily
an unique applet, however.  For example, ~0EF4~~ and ~0EF5~~ both run the field
calculations applet, only with slightly different parameters.  On the next page
is a list of the function keys, the applet to which they give control, and a
brief description of the applet.
&GE
|HC~0FCoGoCalc - A Surveyor's Calculator                  General Documentation Page 3~~

FKey    Applet        Description
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
~0EF1~~      Help          You're looking at it.  Brings up context-sensitve help.
~0EF2~~      -             Not an applet - toggles the display of point numbers on
					  the screen.
~0EF3~~      Edit/Select   Allows you to change point and entity layers, change the
					  colors of the geometrical entities, or delete points
					  and/or entities.
~0EF4~~      FieldCalc     Allows you to perform almost all of the field calculations
					  described on page 1.  Runs in SIDESHOT mode.
~0EF5~~      FieldCalc     Same as above, only runs in FORESIGHT mode.
~0EF6~~      Draw          When run in AREA mode, the Draw applet allows you to corral
					  areas and will show you the calculated area for the figure
					  that was corralled.
~0EF7~~      Draw          Allows you to draw geometrical entities (made up of lines
					  and arcs) to show survey lines and features.
&GE
|HD~0FCoGoCalc - A Surveyor's Calculator                  General Documentation Page 4~~

FKey    Applet        Description
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
~0EF8~~      Output        Controls interfacing with output devices and external
					  programs.
~0EF9~~      Calc          A simple reverse polish notation calculator.
~0EF10~~     -             Used to stop and exit CoGoCalc (~0EShift-F10~~ aborts save)
&GE
|HE~0FCoGoCalc - A Surveyor's Calculator                  General Documentation Page 5~~

	Below the row of icons, at the top of the large window in the center of the
screen is the keyboard command line.  This line is divided into four entry
fields.  The first of these fields is the command field, which is the longest.
The command field is used for input and output to and from applet commands, such
as shooting distances, turning angles, etc.  The second field is the instrument
point field.  This box allows specifying new instrument points (or in some
applets, specifies start points).  Next to this field is the target point field,
which is identical except that it specifies target (or end) points rather than
instrument points.  The last of the fields is the group field, which allows you
to change the point layers that are displayed and to which points and geometri-
cal entities are inserted.

	Directly beneath the keyboard command line is the main output window, which
displays coordinate geometry points and entities to scale (except when the Help
or Calc applets are running, which causes this window to be used for text and
button display).  The main output window is also the main input window for the
mouse.  It is in this window where the mouse may be used to draw lines, create
points, and perform other functions.
&GE
|HF~0FUnder Construction~~

	The General Documentation is still under contruction.  This marks the end
of the General Documentation as it exists now.

Press ~0EF1~~ again to reread the General Documentation.
|##

