MultiLing
v1.01 for Windows(tm)




User's Guide
For English Users








MindBending Software
Chapter 1 - Setting Up MultiLing

Installation
	To install MultiLing, place the included diskette into your 
3.5" floppy disk drive. Select Run from Program Manager's File menu
and type A:\setup (substitute the proper drive letter for you 3.5" 
disk drive in place of A). Follow the onscreen instructions and your
installation will be complete.

Customizing MultiLing
	MultiLing is installed using default settings for its 
enviroment. You can change these settings by editing the ML.INI from
any text editor (including MultiLing). You should see something like
the following:
[Settings]
BackColor=16777215
IVar=i
Language=English
To MultiLing, this means: The menus should appear in English on startup, the variable for i should be represented as i, and the background color of the text shoul appear white on the monitor. All of these variables can be changed. The Language variable can be English, Deutsch, Espa¤ol, and Fran‡ais. The IVar variable can be anything, but most people use i to represent i. Engineers use j instead of i. Other variables might confuse the person reading your document. BackColor can be any decimal value representing a color. Here is a color table:
Color Name          Decimal Value
Blue           16711680
Green               65280
Cyan           16776960
Red            255
Magenta             16711935
Yellow              65535
White               16777215
There are about 16.7 million valid colors that could go here, and 
this is just a sampling. Do not use black. The foreground text is always in black, so it would be impossible to read.



Chapter 2 - Menus
	There are many menus in MultiLing, all of which have many 
functions. Below is a list of menus as they would appear in English
in order of appearance. A short description follows each menu name.
File menu
	New
		The new file menu creates a new file. It prompts you
		whether or not you wish to current text. After it 
		saves or discardes the file, the  window clears and
		you are allowed to start a new file.
	
	Open
		The open menu is the menu that is used for opening 
		existing text files for editing. Most text files have
		the extension txt, but some do not. Batch files and
		readme files are text files and can also be opened. 
		INI files are also text files. Any of these files 
		can be opened. The file can only be 32,767 bytes 
		long, because that is all MultiLing can currently 
		handle. If you open a file this large, the file will 
		not display. You will get no error notifying you of 
		this, so if a file is empty, it might be too large. 
	
	Save
		This menu saves the current file using the current 
		file name. The current file name is the last name 
		used in the Save As dialog. If the current file name
		does not exist, it presents you with a Save As 
		dialog.

	Save As
		This menu saves the current file under a new file
		name. It displays a Save As dialog, and then saves 
		the current file under the new name you typed in. 
		Using Save after this menu continues to save the 
		current file under this file name.

	Print
		Very simply, this menu sends the current file to the
		printer to be printed. While printing your document,
		MultiLing prevents you from doing others things   in 
		MultiLing or in Windows. Therefore, it is suggested 
		that the printer has nothing in its printing queue, 
		or your system might be locked up for a while.

	Exit
		This menu allows you to exit MultiLing. If you did 
		not save your file, it   prompts you. If you want to 
		save the current file and there is no current file 
		name, it displays the Save As dialog before exiting.





Edit
	Copy
		The copy menu copies the selected text to the 
		Clipboard. Information copied to the Clipboard can 
		later be placed in the current file. Another copy or
		cut operation destroys the previous data in the 
		Clipboard.

	Cut
		The cut menu is similar to the copy menu, except that
		the selected text is removed from the current file 
		and placed onto the Clipboard.

	Paste
		This menu retrieves data from the Clipboard and 
		places it into the current file at the cursor's 
		current location. All data pasted must be in text 
		format, otherwise, you will see some strange binary 
		data.

	Select All
		This menu selects all the text in the current file. 
		You then can copy or cut this text. If you press 
		delete, all of the text is cleared and is 
		unretrievable.

Code
	Character
		This menu deals with the construction of foreign 
		characters. Selecting a character code and then 
		clicking on this menu displays the foreign character.
		Please see chapter three - Character Codes 
		for a list of codes.

	Mathematical
		This menu is used for calculations. Selecting a math
		function and then clicking on this menu places the 
		result of that function into the current file. For a
		list of mathematical functions, see chapter 
		four - Function Reference.

Setup
	English
		This menu changes all of the menus except these menus
		and the code menus to English. It does not do 
		translations to your text, just the menus.

	Français
		This menu changes all of the menus except these menus
		and the code menus to French.

	Deutsch
		This menu changes all of the menus except these menus
		and the code menus to German.



	Español
		This menu changes all of the menus except these menus 
		and the code menus to Spanish.

Help
	About
		This menu displays a dialog giving information about
		MultiLing. To escape from the dialog box, click on
		OK or hit the Enter key.




































Chapter 3 - Character Codes

	The following is a short list of character codes used by the
Code Character menu. The lowercase for A, E, I, O, U, C, and N are 
the same as shown here, but the respective characters themselves are
lowercase. There is no lowercase Ð, and no uppercase ß or ÿ.
Code      Output         Code      Output
=====          ======         =====          ======
i+?       ¿         `+O       Ò

`+A       À         '+O       Ó

'+A       Á         ^+O       Ô

^+A       Â         ~+O       Õ

~+A       Ã         :+O       Ö

:+A       Ä         /+O       Ø

o+A       Å         `+U       Ù

A+E       Æ         '+U       Ú

s+C       Ç         ^+U       Û

`+E       È         :+U       Ü

'+E       É         T+H       Þ

^+E       Ê         '+Y       Ý

:+E       Ë         s+s       ß

`+I       Ì         a+e       æ

'+I       Í         t+h       þ

^+I       Î         :+y       ÿ

:+I       Ï         -+D       Ð

~+N       Ñ


Chapter 4 - Function Reference
	This chapter contains all the functions used by the Code 
Mathematical menu. The functions are arranged in alphabetical order.
A heading at the top tells you what type of function it is. Examples
on how to use te function are given after the explanation. The 
functions are not case sensitive, so add and ADD mean the same thing
to the Mathematical menu. If there is an overflow (ie division by 
zero), the text will remain unmodified and you will have no warning.
Do not think that the function does not work, for the value you are 
passing to it cannot be calculated.

A2HA
Definition: Converts acres to hectacres
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
A2HA(x)
where x is in acres.
Example:
A2HA(12)
returns:
 4.8564

A2SF
Definition: Converts acres to square feet.
Type of Fucntion: Conversion
Syntax:
A2SF(x)
where x is in acres.
Example:
A2SF(15)
returns:
653400

A2SM
Definition: Converts acres to square miles
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
A2SM(x)
where x is in acres.
Example:
A2SM(9)
returns:
.01404

ABS
Definition: Returns the absolute value of a number
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
ABS(x)
where x is any real number.
Example:
ABS(-6)
returns:
6

ACC
Definition: Returns the arc cosecant of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
ACC(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
ACC(13)
returns:
.786881845100034

ACS
Definition: Returns the arc cosine of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
ACS(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
ACS(0.13)
returns:
1.70116897970315

ACT
Definition: Returns the arc cotangent of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
ACT(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
ACT(6)
returns:
2.20799132764653

ADD
Definition: Adds two numbers together
Type of Function: General Mathematics
Syntax:
ADD(x,y)
where x and y are any real numbers
Example:
ADD(3,7)
returns:
10

AHA
Definition: Returns the arc hyperbolic cotangent of a number in 
radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
AHA(x)
where x in any real number in radians
Example:
AHA(9)
returns:
.111571775657105

AHC
Definition: Returns the arc hyperbolic cosine of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
AHC(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
AHC(9)
returns:
2.88727095035762

AHE
Definition: Returns the arc hyperbolic secant of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
AHE(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
AHE(0.9)
returns:
.467145308103262

AHO
Definition: Returns the arc hyperbolic cosecant of a number in 
radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
AHO(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
AHO(0.9)
returns:
.957800449200672

AHS
Definition: Returns the arc hyperbolic sine of a number in radians
Type of Function: trigonometric
Syntax:
AHS(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
AHS(9)
returns:
2.89344398588587

AHT
Definition: Returns the arc hyperbolic tangent of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
AHT(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
AHT(0.9)
returns:
1.47221948958322

AND
Definition: Performs a logical AND on two real numbers
Type of Function: Logical
Syntax:
AND(x,y)
where x and y are any real numbers
Example:
AND(5,4)
returns:
4

ASC
Definition: Returns the arc secant of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
ASC(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
ASC(7)
returns:
2.36135289388396

ASN
Definition: Returns the arc sine of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
ASN(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
ASN(0.3)
returns:
.304692654015398

ATN
Defintion: Returns the arc tangent of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
ATN(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
ATN(1)
returns:
.785398163397448

BIN
Definition: Returns the binary value of a positive integer
Type of Function: Numeric Conversion
Syntax:
BIN(x)
where x is any positive integer
Example:
BIN(9)
returns:
1001

BTU2HH
Definition: Converts BTUs to Horsepower Hours
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
BTU2HH(x)
where x is in BTUs
Example:
BTU2HH(3)
returns:
.00117

CELSIUS
Definition: Converts Farenheit degress to Celsius (Centigrade)
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
CELSIUS(x)
where x is in Farenheit degrees
Example:
CELSIUS(212)
returns:
100

CIRA
Definition: Calculates the area of a circle given its radius
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
CIRA(x)
where x is the radius
Example:
CIRA(6)
returns:
113.0973355292

CIRC
Definition: Calculates the circumference of a circle given its radius
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
CIRC(x)
where x is the radius
Example:
CIRC(6)
returns:
37.69911184308

CN2F
Definition: Converts centimeters to feet
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
CN2F(x)
where x is in centimeters
Example:
CN2F(3)
returns:
.0984

CN2I
Definition: Converts centimeters to inches
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
CN2I(x)
where x is in centimeters
Example:
CN2I(9)
returns:
3.5433

COS
Definition: Returns the cosine of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
COS(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
COS(6)
returns:
.9945218953683

CR2R
Definition: Converts a circumference to radians
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
CR2R(x)
where x is a circumference
Example:
CR2R(7)
returns:
43.981

CS
Definition: Calculates the surface of a cube given a measure of 
one edge
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
CS(x)
where x is the measure of one edge
Example:
CS(3)
returns:
162

CSC
Definition: Returns the cosecant of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
CSC(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
CS(0.8)
returns:
1.39400781938864

CTN
Definition: Returns the cotangent of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
CTN(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
CTN(6)
returns:
9.514364454223

CV
Definition: Calculates the volume of a cube given a measure of 
one edge
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
CV(x)
where x is the measure of one edge
Example:
CV(3)
returns:
27

DDB
Definition: Returns the depreciation of an asset for a specific 
period using the double declining balance method
Type of Function: Finacial
Syntax:
DDB(c,s,l,p)
where c is the intial cost of the asset, s is the value of the asset at the 
end of its useful life, l is the length of the useful life of the asset, and 
p is the period for which asset depriciation is calculated
Example:
DDB(50,10,20,5)
returns:
3.2805

DEG
Definition: Converts radians to degrees
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
DEG(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
DEG(8)
returns:
458.4

DISTANCE
Definiton: Calculates the distance between two given points
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
DISTANCE(x1,y1,x2,y2)
where the xs and ys are the respective coordinates
Example:
DISTANCE(0,0,4,0)
returns:
2

DIV
Definition: Divides one number by another
Type of Function: General Mathematics
Syntax:
DIV(x,y)
where x and y are any real numbers and y is not zero
Example:
DIV(3,4)
returns:
.75

ELLA
Definition: Calculates the area of an ellipse given its major 
and minor axes
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
ELLA(x,y)
where x is they major axis and y is the minor axis
Example:
ELLA(6,8)
returns:
37.69911184308

EQV
Definition: Performs a logical EQV on two real numbers
Type of Function: Logical
Syntax:
EQV(x,y)
where x and y are any real numbers
Example:
EQV(5,7)
returns:
-3

EXP
Definition: Raises a real number to a real power
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
EXP(x,y)
where x is a real number and y is a real number. If x is 0, then y 
cannot be zero.
Example:
EXP(5,3)
returns:
125

F/M2C/S
Definition: Converts feet per minute into centimeters per second
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
F/M2C/S(x)
where x is in feet per minute
Example:
F/M2C/S(9)
returns:
4.572

F/S2M/H
Definition: Converts feet per second to miles per hour
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
F/S2M/H(x)
where x is in feet per second
Example:
F/S2M/H(34)
returns:
5.5012

FACTORIAL
Definition: Returns the factorial of a real integer greater than zero
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
FACTORIAL(x)
where x is a real integer greater than zero
Example:
FACTORIAL(3)
returns:
6

FARENHEIT
Definition: Converts Celsius (Centigrade) degrees to Farenheit
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
FARENHEIT(x)
where x is in degrees celsius
Example:
FARENHEIT(30)
returns:
86

FP2BTU
Definition: Converts foot pounds to BTUs
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
FP2BTU(x)
where x isin foot pounds
Example:
FP2BTU(9)
returns:
.00000011574

FP2KH
Definition: Converts foot pounds to kilowatt hours
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
FP2KH(x)
where x is in foot pounds
Example:
FP2KH(9)
returns:
.0000033894

FV
Definition: Returns the future value of an annuity based upon 
periodic, constant payments and a constant interest rate
Type of Function: Financial
Syntax:
FV(r,n,p,v,d)
where r is the interest rate per period, n is the number of 
payment periods in the annuity, p is the payment to be made each 
period, v is the present value (lump sum) that a series of payments 
to be paid in the future is worth now, and d is the number indicating
when the payments are due (0 if at the end of a payment period, 1 if
at the beginnig of a payment period)
Example:
FV(4,24,50,100,0)
returns:
-6.70552253723145E+18

G2L
Definition: Converts gallons to liters
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
G2L(x)
where x is in gallons
Example:
G2L(15)
returns:
56.7795

GETY
Definition: Solves an equation in slope - intercept form (y = mx+b)
Type of Function: Algebraic
Syntax:
GETY(m,x,b)
where m is the line's slope, x is the current x coordinate, and b is 
the y-intercept
Example:
GETY(4,5,2)
returns:
22

GR2GN
Definition: Converts grams to grains
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
GR2GN(x)
where x is in grams
Example:
GR2GN(34)
returns:
524.688

HA2A
Definition: Converts hectacres to acres
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
HA2A(x)
where x is in hectacres
Example:
HA2A(6)
returns:
14.826

HCC
Definition: Calculates the hyperbolic cosecant of a number in radians
Type of Fucntion: Trigonometric
Syntax:HCC(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
HCC(7)
returns:
1.82376544762238E-03

HCS
Definition: Calculates the hyperbolic cosine of a number in radians
Type of Fucntion: Trigonometric
Syntax:HCS(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
HCS(4)
returns:
27.3082328360165

HCT
Definition: Calculates the hyperbolic cotangent of a number in 
radians
Type of Fucntion: Trigonometric
Syntax:HCT(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
HCT(0.9)
returns:
.758729228480987

HEX
Definition: Returns the hexadecimal value of a positive integer
Type of Function: Numeric Conversion
Syntax:
HEX(x)
where x is any positive integer
Example:HEX(43)
returns:
2B

HL2B
Definition: Converts hectoliters to bushels
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
HL2B(x)
where x is in hectoliters
Example:
HL2B(5)
returns:
14.189

HP2BTU/M
Definition: Converts horsepower to BTUs/minute.
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
HP2BTU/M(x)
where x is horsepower
Example:
HP2BTU/M(7)
returns:
297.08

HP2KW
Definition: Converts horsepower to kilowatts
Type of Function: Conversion
Syntax:
HP2KW(x)
where x is horsepower
Example:
HP2KW(14)
returns:
10.4398

HSC
Definition: Calculates the hyperbolic secant of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
HSC(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
HSC(7)
returns:
1.82376241459821E-03

HSN
Definition: Calculates the hyperbolic sine of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
HSN(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
HSN(6)
returns:
201.713157370279

HTN
Definition: Calculates the hyperbolic tangent of a number in radians
Type of Function: Trigonometric
Syntax:
HTN(x)
where x is any real number in radians
Example:
HTN(8)
returns:
1.00033535009273