<< THIS IS TO BE THE 2372B.TXT MANUAL 8-16-89 >> ACB-2372B PC AT-TO-ST412/506 2,7 RLL HARD DISK AND FLOPPY CONTROLLER USER'S MANUAL SECTION Page 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1-1 1.1 Quick Installation 1-1 1.2 Scope and Purpose of Manual 1-2 1.3 Reference Documents 1-2 1.4 Overview of Product 1-2 1.5 Hardware and Software Requirements 1-6 2.0 HARDWARE INSTALLATION 2-1 2.1 Introduction 2-1 2.2 Environmental Requirements 2-1 2.3 Unpacking Procedure 2-2 2.4 ACB-2372B Board Layout 2-3 2.5 ACB-2370B Board Layout 2-4 2.6 System Requirements 2-5 2.7 Integration Into the System 2-7 3.0 SOFTWARE INSTALLATION 3-1 3.1 Introduction 3-1 3.3 Format Procedure for Hard Disk Drives 3-3 3.4 Special Options 3-8 4.0 TROUBLESHOOTING 4-1 4.1 Introduction 4-1 4.2 Adaptec ACB-2327B Troubleshooting Checklist 4-1 4.3 Controller Error Codes 4-4 4.4 BIOS Error Codes 4-7 5.0 APPENDICES 5-1 I Installing SCO Xenix 5-1 II Installing ISC Unix 5-2 III Installing OS/2 5-3 IV Using 17-Sector Emulation 5-5 V Installing Novell 5-7 VI Driver and Operating System Support 5-10 LIST OF TABLES Table Page 2-1 ACB-2327B System Memory Map 2-5 2-2 ACB-2372B Controller Power Requirements 2-6 2-3 ACB-2372B Controller Connector Definitions 2-13 2-4 ACB-2370B Controller Connector Definitions 2-14 4-1 Class 00 Error Codes (Drive Errors) 4-4 4-2 Class 01 Error Codes (Data Recover Errors) 4-5 4-3 Class 02 error Codes (System-Related Errors) 4-6 4-4 Class 03 Error Codes (Diagnostics Errors) 4-6 4-5 Class 04 Error Codes (Timeouts and Misc. Errors) 4-7 4-6 BIOS Error Codes 4-7 LIST OF FIGURES Figure Page 2-1 ACB-2372B Board Layout 2-3 2-2 ACB-2370B Board Layout 2-4 2-3 ACB-2322B Controller and Drive Cabling 2-9 (Twisted Cable) 2-4 ACB-2372B Controller and Drive Cabling 2-10 (Flat Cable) 2-5 ACB-2370B Controller and Drive Cabling 2-11 (Twisted Cable) 2-6 ACB-2370B Controller and Drive Cabling 2-12 (Flat Cable) 1.1 QUICK INSTALLATION Most of us don't like to read manuals. If you are familiar with drive installations, you don't need to read this one. The manual describes in detail the process outlined below. Try this quick-install first. If you need more details, dig into the manual. A. ACB-2372B - Install controller and drives into your PC AT, and cable them together. Run a floppy cable from "FD" to both floppy drives. The connector on the END of the cable goes to drive 1. Run a 34-pin hard drive cable from HD and connect to both hard drives. Connect one 20-pin cable each from "DR1" to the first hard drive, and from "DR2" to the second hard drive (if installed). ACB-2370B - Install controller and drives into your PC AT, and cable them together. Run a 34-pin hard drive control cable from J3 and connect it to both hard drives. Connect one 20-pin cable from J1 to hard drive 1, and one 20-pin cable from J2 to hard drive 2 (if installed). Don't forget to plug a system power cable into the hard drive! B. Run your PC AT "SETUP" and set the hard drive to type 1. C. Boot to DOS, and run DEBUG. D. Type in: A>DEBUG -G=C800:5 E. The Adaptec format menu will come up. F. Choose: 1 - to primary-format drive 1. G. The controller will read the number of heads and cylinders from the drive. The manufacturer's defect list will also be read in. H. Now just keep hitting (to take the defaults). I. After format is complete, choose q - to end the program. J. Now you are ready to install your operating system software. Go to DOS FDISK, and FORMAT, or SPEEDSTOR, DISK MANAGER, SCO XENIX, OS/2, UNIX, etc. 1.2 Scope and Purpose of Manual The purpose of this manual is to guide the system integrator through a successful installation of Adaptec's ACB-2372B board. This includes both hardware and software installation, as well as basic troubleshooting information. 1.3 Reference Documents IBM PC AT Guide to Operations Manual IBM DOS Reference Manual Version 3.0 or Higher IBM PC AT Technical Reference Manual Appropriate Disk Drive User's Manual 1.4 Overview of Product The Adaptec ACB-2372B is a series of high-performance 2,7 RLL Hard Disk and Floppy Disk Controllers for the IBM PC AT and equivalent personal computers. The ACB-2370B is an RLL hard disk controller. The ACB-2372B is an RLL hard disk and floppy disk controller. The ACB-237XB is software and hardware compatible with the IBM PC AT hard disk controller interface. The Adaptec ACB-237XB RLL Controllers have the following features: IBM hardware compatible. Plugs directly into AT bus compatible systems without modification. Register (port) compatible to the IBM AT controller, giving true compatibility. IBM software compatible. Runs software that communicates through the AT system BIOS or directly to the controller registers, thus, the highest AT compatibility is achieved. Supports two 2,7 runn limited (RLL) qualified ST412/506 drives. Runs High Performance 7.5 MHz RLL drives from all major RLL manufacturers. Supports two drives that have different capacities, different access times and different manufacturers without controller modification. Drives with up to 16 heads and 4096 cylinders are supported by the controller through the registers. Provides both the highest capacity and highest performance. Highest PC AT 2,7 RLL performance. The combination of non-interleaved operation, low controller overhead, and 26 sectors per track give the ACB-237XB the highest transfer rate available today. This is from 700 Kilobytes per second to as high as 750 kilobytes per second data transfer depending on system configuration, thus the highest system performance in multitrack data transfers. Non-interleaved operation. This gives the ability to read one track of data in one disk revolution, the maximum rate that the drive can give data to the controller. This provides the fastest controller/drive performance. Can support more than 1024 cylinders under DOS. Breaks the INT 13 limit. Drives up to 528 MBytes can be supported by translating the cylinder count. Sector-sparing. One sector per track can be reserved as a spare. If a defect is found during format, the track will be re-formatted using the spare. Then the drive will be defect free under DOS. 17 sector translation. The controller can emulate a 17 sector format for software such as Novell that requires that feature. Read-ahead. Special algorithms take in data before it is requested and store it, ready for lightning-fast data transfers. Up to 1.3 MByte/sec recorded on coretest! Provides optimum performance with UNIX/XENIX. Optional on-board Adaptec ACB-BIOS. This provides the most functionality of any AT controller. The copyrighted ACB-BIOS contains the low level format, defect management, data verification, autoconfiguration of any drive without changing AT system BIOS. The ACB-BIOS functions are also accessible by your customized redirected I/O drive configuration program. ACB-BIOS low-level primary format. This provides the ability on the controller to format the drive without the need of system diagnostics or changing the AT system BIOS. ACB-BIOS ability to read RLL drive parameters. This reads the drive characteristics directly from the drive, reducing the possibility of using the wrong number of heads, cylinders, sectors, etc. ACB-BIOS ability to read RLL manufacturer's defect list. This reads the manufacturer's flagged bad areas on the disk, eliminating the need to enter them manually. ACB-BIOS ability to add grown defects, save and protect all defect lists. This gives the ability to run additional defect tests and add the defects to those the manufacturer found. Also the controller saves and protects both the manufacturer's and grown lists from accidental erasure, thus the highest data reliability. ACB-BIOS sector -level defect mapping. This flags a sector on the disk to be unusable and reports to the operating system its location, giving system level data integrity. ACB-BIOS data verification using worst case data patterns. This tests the disk with the worst possible combinations of data before valuable user data is placed on the disk. This provides the highest data reliability. ACB-BIOS autoconfiguration of any RLL drive, not in AT system BIOS. This allows any RLL drive to be formatted and used without changing the AT system BIOS drive tables. This simplifies the cumbersome task of changing EPROM drive tables to add RLL. The controller writes the drive parameters onto the drive during format and reads them on power up. This is ideal for field upgrades since the controller does not need to be hardware configured to the specific drive. This achieves the highest drive flexibility possible. ACB-BIOS defaults and help messages. Default entries help speed the user through an installation. If an error occurs, help messages come up to tell the user what to do. PC AT height board. This allows use in both XT and AT height machines, thus giving you flexibility in choosing your machine's enclosure. High component integration using Adaptec ICs. Adaptec is committed to IC developement in order to integrate and to reduce the price of both boards and ICs. Adaptec's ICs are used in all Adaptec boards and in most integrated drives on the market; therefore, Adaptec components are proven in reliability and in high volume production. Use of surface mount technology. Adaptec is committed to the leading edge of technology. Surface Mount Technology allows greater functionality in smaller spaces, as well as higher reliability and low power. The ACB-2372B has these additional features: Support of two IBM AT-type floppy disk drives. Compatible with the most popular IBM floppy capacities. This includes 360 KB and 1.2 MB floppy capacities for 5 1/4" floppy compatibility. Also supports 3 1/2" floppies that use the 5 1/4" floppy drive interface. Analog floppy data separator. This gives much higher data integrity than digital data separators. Thus floppy data reliability and data retrievability are improved over previous AT floppy controllers. 1.5 Hardware and Software Requirements In order to install an Adaptec ACB-237XB into an IBM PC AT-compatible computer, the following are required: 1. IBM PC AT-compatible computer. Note: Compatible computers are defined to have I/O bus speeds of 6 MHz with one I/O wait state, 8 MHz with one I/O wait state or 10 MHz with two I/O wait states. I/O bus speed is not the same as CPU or memory speeds. For example, a 16 MHz 286 or 386 machine typically runs the I/O bus at 8 MHz with one I/O wait state. 2. PC or MS-DOS Version 3.0 or higher. System and supplemental program diskettes. The ACB-2372B will also run with non-DOS operating systems and networks. Please refer to the appendix for operation with Interactive System Unix V/386, SCO Xenix, Novell NetWare, OS/2 and other operating systems. 3. A diagnostic program diskette that allows the PC AT-compatible computer's configuration RAM to be set up (such as the diagnostics diskette IBM supplies with its PC ATs.) 4. Adaptec ACB-2372B hard disk and floppy disk controller, or Adaptec ACB-2370B hard disk controller for systems that include a floppy controller. 5. An RLL Winchester disk drive. 6. 5 1/4" or 3 1/2" floppy disk drive. 7. 20- and 34-pin flat or twisted ribbon cables for hard disk. 8. 34 pin twisted ribbon cable for floppy disk (ACB-2372B only). 2.1 Introduction This section describes the steps necessary to install the ACB-237XB board into the computer. First, the operating environment, unpacking procedure and board layout are described. This section also describes the integration of the drive and controller into the computer. 2.2 Environmental Requirements The ACB-237XB will perform properly over the following range of conditions: Operating Storage Temperature: 0 to 55 (32 to 131F) 40 to 75C (-8 to 167F) Humidity (Noncondensing): 0% to 95% 10% to 95% Altitude (Feet): Sea level to 10,000 Sea level to 20,000 MTBF (Hours): 20,000 at 55C 2.3 Unpacking Procedure The carrier is responsible for damage incurred during shipment. In case of damage, have the carrier note the damage on both the delivery receipt and the freight bill, then notify your freight company representative so that the necessary insurance claims can be initiated. After opening the shipping container, use the packing slip to verify receipt of the individual items listed on the slip. Retain the shipping container and packing material for possible later reuse should return of the equipment to the factory or distributor be necessary. CAUTION: The ACB-237XB like all electronic equipment, is static sensitive. Please take the proper precautions when handling the board. Keep the board in its conductive wrapping until it is ready to be configured and installed in your system. 2.4 ACB-2372B Board Layout The ACB-2372B is shown in Figure 2-1. This figure shows the location of the controller microcode, ACB-BIOS, jumpers and connectors. Note that Pin 1 of the connectors is identified by a square solder pad on the solder side of the board. The dimensions of the board are: Width: 3.9 Inches Length: 13.0 Inches Height: 0.75 Inches ACB-2370B board layout The ACB-2370B is shown in Figure 2-2. This figure shows the location of the controller microcode, ACB-BIOS, jumpers and connectors. Note that Pin 1 of the connectors is identified by a square solder pad on the solder side of the board. The dimensions of the board are: Width: 3.9 Inches Length: 8.0 Inches Height: 0.75 Inches FIGURE 2-2. BOARD LAYOUT 2.6 System Requirements The ACB-237XB was designed to be installed in an IBM PC AT-compatible personal computer; thus, it requires the same system resources as the IBM AT hard disk controller. TABLE 2-1. ACB-237XB SYSTEM MEMORY MAP I/O Ports Hard Disk - Primary 1F0,1F1,1F2,1F3,1F4,1F5,1F6,1F7,3F6,3F7 Secondary 170,171,172,173,174,175,176,177,376,377 Floppy - Primary 3F0,2F1,3F2,3F3,3F4,3FF5 Disk - Secondary 370,371,372,373,374,375 If the BIOS is enabled: BIOS Address - Primary 16 Kbytes C8000H- CBFFFH Secondary 16 Kbytes CC000H-CFFFFH Temporary Drive Parameters Table Interrupt locations 60H through 67H *ACB-2372B only Drive Power The IBM PC AT internal power supply does have sufficient current to power most hard disk drives in addition to its present load. Check with your drive vendor for an accurate estimate of its specific power requirements. TABLE 2-2. ACB-2372B POWER REQUIREMENTS (Typical) +5V Power ________________> 1.7 Amp -5V Power ________________> Not Used +12V Power _______________> 90mA -12V Power _______________> 50mA TABLE 2-3. ACB-2370B POWER REQUIREMENTS (Typical) +5V Power ________________> 1.1 Amp -5V Power ________________> Not Used +12V Power _______________> Not Used -12V Power _______________> Not Used CAUTION: The values for the power requirements were determined by actual measurements in an IBM PC AT while the controller was reading a hard disk. If these values are to be used to design the controller into a specific application, at least 20% should be added to these listed values as a safety margin. 2.7 Integration Into the System To install the Adaptec ACB-237XB board into your system, you must first configure the drive(s), set the controller jumpers, and connect the drive cables properly. This section describes all the necessary steps to successfully install this hardware. Step 1 Controller Jumper Setup and Definition Before the Adaptec ACB-237XB can be used, some initial setup may be required. Figure 2-1 defines, in detail, connectors and jumper blocks for the ACB-2372B. Figure 2-2 defines, in detail, connectors and jumper blocks for the ACB-2370B. Step 2 Hard Disk Cabling, Drive Selection and Termination The drive changeable parameters that must be set are the drive selection switches (or jumpers) and the drive termination. The drive selection switches and cabling select the address (drive address 1-4 ) to which the drive will respond. This is accomplished either by setting both drives to be the second lowest address and using a twisted 34-pin cable, or by setting the drive address to the lowest two addresses and using a flat cable. A. Twisted 34-Pin Cable The typical AT 34-pin cable has three connectors. Between the first (middle) drive connector (for drive D) and the second drive connector (for drive C) wires 25 through 29 are twisted, thus inverting the drive selection wires. This type of twisted cable allows both drives to have their drive selection switches (or jumpers) to be the same. Both drives must be set to the SECOND lowest drive address. The controller will see the two drives to be drive 1 and drive 2, depending on the position of the connector that is used. B. Flat 34-Pin Cable In some cases a 34-pin flat (non-twisted) cable is used. This cable does not invert the drive selection wires but relies on the drive addresses to be unique for each drive. Now drive 1 must have its drive selection switches (or jumpers) set to be the lowest drive address (typically 1). Drive 2 must have its selection switches (or jumpers) set to be the second lowest drive address (typically 2). The controller will see the two drives to be drive 1 and drive 2, independent of the position on the connector that is used. C. Terminator Before the drives can be cabled to the controller, the drive cable terminator must be properly set. The terminator is used to reduce signal "ringing" in the cables. The terminator, as its name implies, must be at the end of each cable in order to have the controller and drive communicate properly. The controller has a permanent terminator built into it. The disk drives, since they can be connected in a daisy-chain configuration, have a removable terminator. This is usually a 16-pin DIP resistor package located on the drive PCB. The last physical drive in the chain must always have its terminator installed. When two drives are connected to the same controller, only the last one in the daisy chain is terminated. The other drive must have the terminator resistor removed. Now select the proper drive addresses and remove or install the required terminators for your system. Step 3 (ACB-2372B Only) Floppy Disk Cabling, Drive Selection and Termination The typical AT 34-pin floppy disk cable has three connectors. Between the first (middle) drive connector (for drive B) and the second drive connector (for drive A) wires 10 through 16 are twisted, thus inverting the drive selection wires. This type of twisted cable allows both drives to have their drive selection switches (or jumpers) to be the same. Both drives must be set to the SECOND lowest drive address (typically 1 since floppy drives are addressed as 0-3). The controller will see the two drives to be drive 0 and drive 1, depending on the position of the connector that is used. Termination of the floppy disk drives is the same as the hard disk drives in step 2. ACB-2372B CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-TWISTED CABLE (HARD DISK CABLES) ACB-2372B CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-FLAT CABLE (HARD DISK CABLES) ACB-2370B CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-TWISTED CABLE ACB-2370B CONTROLLER AND DRIVE CABLING-FLAT CABLE Step 4 Mounting the Drives and Controller in the PC AT Now that the drives and controller are configured, they can be connected and installed in the system. ACB-2372B The controller has four cable connectors: J1, J3, J4, and J5. Their function, suggested connector plugs and maximum cable length are described in Table 2-6. ACB-2372B CONTROLLER CONNECTOR DEFINITIONS Connector Signals Cable J1 Control/Data 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both floppy drives 0 and 1. J3 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to RLL drive 2. J4 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to RLL drive 1. J5 Control 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both RLL drives 1 and 2. Connector Rcommended Plug Maximum Length J1 3M Part #3414 20 feet (6 meters) J4 3M Part #3421 20 feet (6 meters) J3 3M Part #3421 20 feet (6 meters) J5 3M Part #3414 20 feet (6 meters) ACB-2370B The controller has three cable connectors: J1, J2, and J3. Their function, suggested connector plugs and maximum cable length are described in Table 2-7. ACB-2370B CONTROLLER CONNECTOR DEFINITIONS ____________________________________________________________ Connector Signals Cable J1 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to drive 1. J2 Data 20-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to drive 2. J3 Control 34-pin flat ribbon cable. Connected to both drives 1 and 2. Connector Recommended Plug Maximum Length J1 3M Part #3421 20 feet (6 meters) J2 3M Part #3421 20 feet (6 meters) J3 3M Part #3414 20 feet (6 meters) Attach the cables to the controller, making sure that the pin 1 indicator on the cable goes to pin 1 on the controller. Now the controller must be installed into a 16-bit slot on the PC AT motherboard. Next, mount the drive(s) in any available drive bay in the AT. Consult your PC AT owner's manual for details of performing the installation of options into the motherboard expansion slots and for instructions on mounting a hard disk and floppy disk in the system. Section Three Software Installation 3.1 Introduction To prepare a new hard disk for use, you must complete the primary-format and then install your operating system. First, the primary-format is done using Adaptec's built-in BIOS. The procedure is described in this chapter, first with a flowchart, then with details describing the actual menu screens. If you run into problems while attempting to perform this installation, please refer to Chapter 4, Troubleshooting. 3.3 Adaptec ACB-237XB PRIMARY-Format Procedure for hard DISK Drives Step 1: Setting up the PC AT configuration RAM for a single hard disk with the appropriate drive type After you have completed the hardware installation of your ACB-2370B and hard disk drive, turn the system power switch on. Boot from the PC AT diagnostics diskette or any diskette that contains software for configuring the PC AT SETUP parameters (CMOS RAM). Note: When booting the PC AT with an UNFORMATTED hard disk installed, the system may report a "1790" disk failure. Ignore the message, press F1 to continue. Invoke the SETUP RAM configuration software (i.e., option four in the IBM PC AT diagnostics program). Then follow the SETUP program's menu to set up your system for one or two hard disks. Be sure to choose drive types that are a subset of the actual disk parameters. The number of cylinders indicated by the drive type specified must be less than the actual number of cylinders on your drive. For example, with the IBM PC AT, use drive type 1 (smallest available drive type) regardless of the actual drive configuration. This is necessary for proper operation of the PC AT power-on diagnostics. After the PC AT internal configuration has been set up, reboot the system with DOS Version 3.0 or higher. Step 2: Use DEBUG to enter the Adaptec Disk Preparation Program Put a disk with a copy of DOS' DEBUG program into the floppy drive and invoke the program by typing DEBUG at the DOS prompt, then press return. At the debug prompt, type G=C800:5 and press return. This will invoke Adaptec's Disk Preparation Program. Step 3: Read the RLL Drive Parameters Select Option 1 to primary-format the drive 1. If the drive has been previously formatted with an ACB-2370B controller, the saved cylinder and head count will be displayed. With an unformatted drive, the number of cylinders, heads and sectors are read from the RLL drive. If the values are not correct, type N, exit the program and check your RLL drive jumper settings. An example of what you will see on the screen for a brand new drive is shown below. Note: One cylinder on the drive is reserved for use by the controller. The controller automatically subtracts this cylinder from the total number of available cylinders on the drive. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ A>DEBUG -G=C800:5 Adaptec Disk Preparation Program V 3.0 Copyright (c) 1988 Adaptec, Inc. All rights reserved. Choose: 1- to primary-format drive 1 2 - to primary-format drive 2 3 - for the special-options menu q - to quit this program Enter your selection : 1 Drive 1 has XXX cylinders, X heads, XX sectors Are the above correct (Y/N): [Y] ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Step 4: Choose to ERASE or NOT ERASE the Adaptec Saved Defect List If your drive was previously formatted with Adaptec's ACB-2370B, the saved defect list will now be displayed. normally do not erase the saved defect list. If you choose to erase, perhaps because a previous error has resulted in a false defect map, then the Adaptec saved list will be erased. The drive manufacturer's list is not erased. Step 5: Enter Any More Defects Next, the program will prompt you for the drive defect format. If you have no additional defect locations to enter, then select Option 1. Otherwise, choose the defect format that matches the list of defects you wish to enter. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Saved defect list (cyl/physical sector) : Surface 0: XXXX/XX XXXX/XX Do you want to ERASE saved defect list (Y/N) ? N Please specify the format of additional defects: 1 - No Additional Defects 2 - Cyl/Head/RLL byte offset 3 - Head/Cyl/RLL byte offset 4 - Cyl/Head/Logical Sector Enter your selection : 1 Press to enter defects from the console, or type the defect file name : Enter defect at the * prompt, (a blank line will end the list) : ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ If you have entered a defect list, it will be displayed on the screen for you to verify. Note that the defect locations have been translated into cylinder/physical sector format. Surface numbers correspond to head numbers. (Choice 4 CYL/HD/LOGICAL sector, only appears with a previously formatted drive. This allows the user to add "grown" defects at a later date.) Step 6: Select Interleave Factor Now select an interleave by typing the desired interleave factor (1 to 12) and pressing return. An interleave factor of one is the default. Step 7: Allow a Spare Sector for Defects? For example, if an RLL format has 26 sectors on a track, this option formats with 25 sectors and uses the 26th sector as a spare. When one sector must be marked bad due to a surface defect, the spare is used instead. Then the drive appears error-free to the operating system. However, 1/26th of the drive capacity is not used. Normally, you will want to take the default [N]. Note: If you select spare-sectoring, you will not be able to use the 17 or 63 sector translation options. If you have entered a defect list, it will be displayed on the screen for you to verify. Note that the defect locations have been translated into cylinder/physical sector format. Surface numbers correspond to head numbers. (Choice 4, CYL/HD/LOGICAL sector, only appears with a previously formatted drive. This allows the user to add "grown" defects at a later date.) Step 8: Primary Format the Drive, Automatic Data Verification and Automatic Flagging of Bad Sectors Check to be sure that all of the parameters that you have entered are correct, then enter Y to continue. Enter Y to primary format the drive. The controller will now perform the primary format. The program formats the drive from high cylinder to low cylinder, marking the defects as bad sectors. After formatting each track, the program will write and verify the track with worst case data patterns. Any defective sectors found during this write/verify process that are not in the defect list will be added to the defect list. The same track is reformatted with the newly found defective sectors marked bad. The track is then written and again verified against defects. The process is repeated for every track on the drive. ECC retries are disabled during this verification. When the controller has finished formatting the drive, you should see "Primary-Format complete!" displayed at the bottom of the screen, indicating a successful format. An example of what you should see on the screen is shown below. Note: If the format operation does not complete properly, (i.e., Primary- Format complete! is not displayed after formatting) see Chapter 4, Troubleshooting. ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Total defect list (cyl/sector) : Surface 0: 45/10 208/28 (for example) Surface 1: Surface 2: Surface 3: Interleave (1 to 12) : [1] Allow a spare-sector for defects (y/n) : [n] Ready to primary-format the drive. All data in it will be lost!! Continue (Y/N)? [Y] Formatting and verifying drive ... Head XX Cyl XXXX Primary-Format complete ! Now select q to quit, and go to your Operating System installation (e.g. DOS FDISK and FORMAT) ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~ Step 9: Choose [q] to quit Adaptec's Primary-Format program. Step 10: Next, the operating system must be installed. For most users, this consists of running the *DOS programs FDISK and FORMAT. DOS 4.0, OS/2, SCO XENIX and ISC UNIX have menus that guide the user through their installation. Refer to the vendor's manual for help with installing your operating system. Note: DOS 3.0, 3.1 and 3.2 have a limit of 32 MB per drive. DOS 3.3 allows a large drive to be split into 24, 32 MB partitions. DOS 4.0 allows up to 1024 MB to be used as one drive. 3.4 SPECIAL OPTIONS There are several special technical options built into the ACB-2370B controller. These features are not used by most users, but are of interest to those with unusual applications. The special option menu is accessed by selecting choice 3 from the main menu. The following menu will come up: Choose 1 - to enable 17-Sector translation 2 - to enable 63-Sector translation 3 - to disable translations 4 - to generate Adaptec auto-configuration device-driver q - to return to main menu Each choice is described below. Choices 1, 2 and 3 turn on and off two different translation modes. After any translation option is changed, a flag in the partition table is changed to make any previous partitions unusable. This means that any previous data on the drive will become inaccessible. The operating system must be re-installed onto the selected drive each time a translation option is changed. The primary-format does not need to be re-done. You are not allowed to use translation on drives that have been primary- formatted with sector-sparing. Re-do the primary-format without sector- sparing if you want to use translation. Choice 1: 17-Sector Translation Choice 1 allows RLL formats to look like a 17-Sector format. This is useful for programs, such as Novell Netware, that only use 17 sectors per track. Note: This option does NOT mean you can use an MFM drive with this controller. Only RLL certified drives should be run on the ACB-237XB. To get 17-Sector translation, answer these questions on the screen. Translate drive 1 or 2? : 1 Enable translation on drive (1)? (Y/N) : Y Drive (1) is now in 17-Sector translation mode! Choice 2: 63-Sector Translation DOS has a limit of 1024 cylinders per drive. This option will allow use of drives with more than 1024 cylinders, up to 530 MB capacity. The drive parameters are translated to a 63-Sector equivalent. Enable translation for drives larger than 1024 cylinders by answering the following questions on the screen. Translate drive 1 or 2? : 1 Enable translation on drive (1)? (Y/N) : Y Drive (1) is now in 63-Sector translation mode! Choice 3: Disable Translation This option disables any translation mode currently in effect on your drive. Answer these questions to disable translation. Disable translation on drive 1 or 2? : 1 Disable translation on drive (1) now? (Y/N) : Y Choice 4: Auto-Configuration driver. Autoconfiguration for non-listed drive types. In DOS 3.X, Interrupts 60-67 are available for use as vectors to user programs. Adaptec 237X controllers use the memory space occupied by Int 60-67 as a data area, instead of for vector pointers. We store the drive parameters there, in a table. Sixteen bytes (Int 60-63) are for drive 1, and 16 bytes (Int 64-67) are for drive 2. These tables contain the true cylinder, head and sector count for each drive. This feature allows the user to install hard drives that do not match the standard list of drive types in the PC AT BIOS. Occasionally, products such as expanded memory or disk caching, will want to use Interrupts 60-67 as vectors to their code. This will conflict with our use of these locations, because our drive table will be overwritten by their pointers. For this special case, we have included an autoconfiguration driver in your controller BIOS. This driver can be downloaded from your controller and put into a CONFIG.SYS file on your hard drive. At system boot, DOS will execute the device driver. With the driver installed, we do not use Int 60-67 to store the drive parameter table. Instead, the standard hard drive interrupts 41 and 46 are used as vectors to point to our drive table, which is now in a protected memory location reserved by DOS. When to use the autoconfiguration driver. You may want to copy the auto-configuration driver into a CONFIG.SYS file on your boot disk. This will ensure that no software will conflict with your hard disk table. However, if you have no software that uses Int 60-67, you can run without a device driver installed. The following have been reported to need Int 60-67 locations: Superpck Cache Triangle CICS/PC Emulator Desqview Columbia Kermit IBM Displaywrite 3 Wang Terminal-Emulator cards How to use the autoconfiguration driver. The autoconfiguration driver is accessible by using the DEBUG program from your hard drive or your DOS floppy. At the prompt enter: A>DEBUG -G=C800:5 The Adaptec Disk Preparation Menu will come up on the screen. Choose option 3, "for special options menu". Then choose 4 - to generate Adaptec auto-configuration device driver. A copy of the driver will now be written onto the specified drive. Now create or modify your CONFIG.SYS file to include the driver. If you have an already existing CONFIG.SYS file on your hard drive, then modify the file to have DEVICE = ADAPTEC.DVR as the first statement. If you do not have an existing CONFIG.SYS file, then create one in the following way: C>COPY CON CONFIG.SYS DEVICE = ADAPTEC.DVR Now your drive table will be located in a protected area at boot time. 4.1 Introduction This section describes the procedures needed to troubleshoot problems that may arise when installing the Adaptec ACB-237XB controller board. These are the most commonly found problems and are not inclusive of every application. CAUTION: When troubleshooting problems, use the most basic system configuration; That is, one hard disk drive on the ACB-237XB and all other devices such as printers, modems, etc. removed. Once the system works for the basic configuration, add drives and devices to the system one at a time and retest after each addition. If these procedures fail to give a solution to your problem, recheck your steps, read the entire manual, document the problem, and check with the technical support department where you bought the controller. 4.2 Adaptec ACB-237XB Troubleshooting Checklist Gets a 1790 at boot-up A 1790 Error is normal for an unformatted drive. Just press F1 to continue. Long boot time Some PC AT systems may continue to retry booting to the hard drive even though it has not been formatted yet. You will have to allow this re-trying to continue for up to two minutes before the system will boot to the floppy drive. Then you can proceed to Debug and format the drive. Can't read floppy or boot to A For the ACB-232XB, check floppy cables; be sure J1 goes to both floppy drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected to Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive is being used, only the last connector on the twisted cable should be used. A floppy cable has wires 10-16 twisted between the two drive connectors. Recal error, or no drive attached error Check the drive select jumper on hard disk drive; be sure that it is correctly set for the type of cable you are using (See Section 2.7) For the ACB-2372B, be sure J4 goes to Drive 1, J3 goes to Drive 2, and J5 goes to both drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected to Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive is being used, only J5 and J4 should be used. For the ACB-2370B, be sure J1 goes to Drive 1, J2 goes to Drive 2, and J3 goes to both drives. Be sure that Pin 1 on the controller is connected to Pin 1 of the drive. If only one drive is being used, only J1 and J3 should be used. Do not use a floppy cable for hard drives. Incorrect drive parameters RLL drives have jumpers for "number of sectors per track" and for "bytes per sector", also for hard or soft sectoring. Consult your drive vendor for proper settings of these jumpers. Miscellaneous errors, or no format routine Check jumpers on controller. Excessive defects, or fails to format Make sure the drive is ESDI certified. Check with the manufacturer. Won't boot to C Check to see that the SETUP program and CMOS RAM show drive type 1 is selected. Intermittent operation errors; or Read/Write errors Check that the terminator on each drive is set properly (see Section 2.6) Check that the power supply can support the added current required by the drive. Be sure that the +5V and +12V voltages are correct. Consult with the drive vendor for the correct drive power requirements. For system hang or boot problems Try installing the BUS WAIT STATE jumper. The DTK 10MHz system needs this jumper installed on the controller board. If none of the above steps cure the problem, then swap out components in this order: Replace the cables with a known-good set of cables. Swap the drive with a known-good drive. Swap the 2372B controller with another 237XB controller. 2.4.3 Controller Error Codes Tables 4-1 through 4-5 specify class 00, 01, 02, 03, and 04 error codes which may be returned by the ACB-237XB. Note that the most significant bit (the address valid bit) of the one-byte error code may be set in some cases. Thus, 80-8F, 90-9F, A0-AF, B0-BF, and C0-CF are also valid errors corresponding to error codes 00-0F, 10-1F, 20-2F, 30-3F, and 40-4F, respectively. Table 4-1. class 00 error codes (drive errors) Code Error 00 No Error Occurred During Last Command 01 No Index Signal Found 02 No Seek Complete Found 03 Write Fault Found 04 Drive Not Ready 05 Not Assigned 06 No Track 00 Signal 07 Not Assigned 08 Seek Operation Not Yet Complete 09 Not Assigned 0A Not Assigned 0B RLL Interface Fault 0C RLL Seek Fault 0D RLL Parity Error 0E Bad RLL Configuration 0F Not Assigned Table 4-2. class 01 error codes (data recover errors) Code Error 10 ID ECC Error 11 Uncorrectable Data ECC Error Found 12 ID Address Mark Not Found (sector not found)3 Data Address Mark Not Found 14 Sector Not Found (no ID errors found) 15 Seek Error (wrong cylinder) 16 No ID AM and ID ECC error (sector not found) 17 Not Assigned Ñ 18 Corrected ECC Error(s) 19 Access to Sector Flagged As Bad 1A Format Error Detected 1B-1F Not Assigned Table 4-3. class 02 error codes (system-related errors) Code Error 20 Invalid Command 21 Illegal Parameter (cyl., head, sector) 22 Not Assigned Ñ 23 Cylinder Overflow (during command) 24 Format Command With the Wrong Number of Sectors Per Track 25-2F Not Assigned Table 4-4. class 03 error codes (diagnostics errors) Code Error 30 Internal CPU RAM Failed 31 Controller ROM Checksum Error 32 ECC Diagnostic Failed 33 SERDES RAM Failed 34 Disk Buffer RAM Failed 35 Buffer Controller Registers Failed 36 Drive Interface IC Failed 37 Host Interface IC Failed 38 CPU Self-Test Failed 39-3F Not Assigned Table 4-5. class 04 error codes (Timeouts and misC. errors) Code Error 40 Data Time-Out 41 Format Time-Out 42 SERDES Time-Out 43 Selection Time-Out 2.4.4 BIOS Error Codes Table 4-6 specifies error codes that may be returned during format or verify. Table 4-6. bios error codes Code Error 01 Bad Command Passed to Disk I/O 02 Address Mark Not Found 04 Requested Sector Not Found 05 Reset Failed 07 Drive Parameter Activity Failed 09 Attempt to DMA Across 64K Boundary 10 Access to Bad Sector 0B Bad Track Flag Detected 10 Bad ECC on Disk Read 11 ECC Corrected Data Error 20 Controller Timeout 40 Seek Operation Failed 80 Attachment Failed to Respond BB Undefined Error Occurred FF Sense Operation Failed Section Five Appendices APPENDIX A: Installing SCO XENIX V.2.2 with Adaptec ACB-23XX Disk Controllers Adaptec ACB-237X controllers are fully compatible with SCO Xenix V.2.2 and newer. The following instructions describe the process for installing the Xenix operating system on a disk subsystem using an Adaptec AT disk controller. The following items are required to successfully perform this installation: 1) SCO XENIX V.2.2 or newer. Operating system software and documentation 2) DOS 3.1 or newer, Operating system software and documentation 3) PC AT-compatible computer 4) Adaptec ACB-237X disk controller 5) Hard disk drive (RLL for use with ACB-237X, RLL for ACB-237X) A.1 INSTALLING THE DISK SUBSYSTEM First, the hard disk and controller must be installed in the AT and formatted for use by the Adaptec controller. See Sections 2 (Hardware Installation) and 3 (Software Installation) of the Adaptec ACB-237X User's Manual. When the hard disk has been successfully formatted with a single volume for the entire disk, you are ready to proceed with the installation of the Xenix operating system. A.2 INSTALLING THE XENIX OPERATING SYSTEM To install Xenix, follow the installation instructions given in the SCO XENIX System V Operating System Run Time Environment (HW) reference manual. The instructions are given in Chapter 2, "Installation Procedure"> During this installation process, the dkinit program (invoked by hdinit) is used to set the parameters for the hard disk. At this point, be sure to select option 1 (Display current disk parameters) and verify that the values displayed for cylinders, heads and sectors/track are correct. If the parameters are not correct, please retry this installation procedure. If correct, continue with the Xenix installation as directed. If any problems are encountered during the Xenix installation, please see Section 2.7 of the SCO Xenix, Run Time Environment (HW) reference for troubleshooting information. APPENDIX B: INSTALLING ISC UNIX 386/ix WITH ADAPTEC ACB-237X DISK CONTROLLERS Adaptec ACB-237X controllers are compatible with ISC UNIX SYSTEM V 386/ix, and newer. The following instructions describe the process for installing the Xenix operating system on a disk subsystem using an Adaptec AT disk controller. The following items are required to successfully perform this installation: 1) ISC UNIX 386/ix, or newer. Operating system software and documentation. 2) PC AT-compatible computer. 3) Adaptec ACB-23XX disk controller 4) Hard disk drive (RLL for use with ACB-237X, RLL for ACB-237X). B.1 INSTALLING THE DISK SUBSYSTEM First, the hard disk and controller must be installed in the AT and formatted for use by the Adaptec controller. See Sections 2 (Hardware Installation) and 3 (Software Installation). B.2 INSTALLING THE UNIX OPERATING SYSTEM To install UNIX, follow the installation instructions given in the ISC UNIX 386/ix User's Manual titled "Using 386/ix Products Managing 386/ix Products. The instructions are given in Section 3, "Installation Procedure". APPENDIX C: OS/2 Installation Procedure and Adaptec ACB-237X Compatibility with MS OS/2 and IBM OS/2 C.1 OS/2 COMPATIBILITY Adaptec ACB-237X controllers have been tested successfully with IBM OS/2 version 1.0. However, due to a problem discovered with Microsoft's version of OS/2, any 1:1 interleave hard disk controller is not compatible with the current MS OS/2 revision 1.0. A specific revision of the Microsoft OS/2 hard disk device driver is required for reliable operation of any ACB-237X product with MS OS/2 1.0. C.2 NEW DISK01.SYS REQUIRED FOR MS OS/2 OPERATION The name of the device driver that must be replaced is DISK01.SYS. This device driver is available from Microsoft, although a specific revision number of the file was not available at the time this note was written. However, the driver can be referenced as the latest revision of DISK01.SYS. For those on the Microsoft developers program, it is also available on the Microsoft developers bulletin board as DISK01.NEW. Also, the new revision of the device driver will be supplied in the next release of OS/2 from Microsoft. This driver was originally made available to correct problems observed when MS OS/2 was used on Compaq 386 machines with a 1:1 interleave, RLL hard disk subsystem. The failure mode, observed when using the DISK01.SYS supplied with MS OS/2 1.0, was a random rebooting of the system during, and/or after, reading data from the hard disk. Microsoft OS/2 versions 1.0 and 1.02, with the replacement disk device driver (described above), have been tested with the ACB-237X controllers and were found to be fully compatible. C.3 WINDOWS COMPATIBILITY Microsoft Windows 286 and Windows 386 have both been tested and are fully compatible with Adaptec's ACB-237X products. Both software packages work whether invoked from the DOS operating system, or from the DOS compatibility window under the OS/2 operating system. C.4 OS/2 INSTALLATION Disk preparation under OS/2 is very similar to DOS disk preparation. OS/2 uses the FDISK.COM and FORMAT.COM programs to create and format OS/2 partitions on the fixed disk. The following instructions outline basic fixed disk preparation, and OS/2 installation. First, the hard disk and controller must be installed in the AT and formatted for use by the Adaptec controller. See Sections 2 (Hardware Installation) and 3 (Software Installation) of the Adaptec ACB-237X User's Manual. You will need the DOS operating system and DEBUG utility to successfully complete this installation. OS/2 does not have a DEBUG-like utility. During the software installation process (Section 3 of the ACB-237X User's Manual), Follow the instructions given for preparing a disk for use with DOS 3.3). Finally, insert the OS/2 installation diskette in the floppy drive, and press Ctrl+Alt+Del to reboot the system. The OS/2 operating system will boot and the installation program will automatically guide you through the FDISK and FORMAT procedures for your fixed disk, as well as completing the OS/2 installation. APPENDIX D: USING 17-SECTOR EMULATION WITH THE ACB-2372B The Adaptec ACB-2372B supports a 17-sector emulation mode. This provides compatibility with operating systems and software that are not capable of utilizing a disk that has greater than 17 sectors per track. This feature can be used by either of two methods, one using the Adaptec controller BIOS, the other with the Adaptec BIOS disabled. The first method utilizes Adaptec's method of autoconfiguration to provide logical disk parameters that match exactly with the available capacity on your disk drive. The second method uses the drive type tables supplied in your motherboard BIOS to select logical parameters that approximate the actual capacity of your drive. D.1 USING 17-SECTOR EMULATION WITH THE ADAPTEC BIOS ENABLED To use this function with the Adaptec controller BIOS enabled, follow the controller installation and drive formatting procedures as described in Sections 2 and 3. Then, select the 17-sector emulation option from the Adaptec format program special options menu (see Section 3.3). When this has been completed, the controller and drive will be ready for use by the operating system. When the system boots, the controller will report a set of logical parameters to the operating system that allow access to the full drive capacity. The parameters will consist of a fixed value of 17 sectors per track, a calculated logical head count, and calculated logical cylinder count. D.2 USING 17-SECTOR EMULATION WITH THE ADAPTEC BIOS DISABLED If you wish to use 17-sector emulation, but cannot use Adaptec's autoconfiguration (e.g. for Novell compatibility), it is possible to disable the Adaptec BIOS and still use this function. This method uses the motherboard BIOS drive tables to supply the logical parameters for your drive. Since there are a limited number of standard drive-type tables available, it may not be possible to select a drive type that matches your drive exactly. First, install the controller and format the drive as described in Sections 2 and 3 of this manual. After completing the format, disable the Adaptec controller BIOS by setting the BIOS address selection jumper in the position that disables the BIOS (see Section 2.4). Now, instead of setting your PC AT CMOS RAM for drive type 1, select a drive type table that has the closest capacity possible to your actual drive. Use the table in Table A-1 to identify the drive type table that is closest to the capacity on your drive. Note: Table A-1 applies to IBM-compatible drive types 1-23 only. Your mother board BIOS may support drive types other than those listed above. Consult your owner's manual or contact your PC AT manufacturer to identify any other drive types that may be available in your motherboard BIOS. To use a drive type not listed in Table A-1, calculate the capacity of the drive, and the capacity described by the drive type that you wish to use. Select the drive type that is as close as possible, but not greater than the capacity of your drive. Note: The capacity of a drive is calculated as follows: CAPACITY (Bytes) = HEADS x CYLINDERS x SECTORS/TRACK x 512 Ideally, the capacity obtainable by the logical drive parameters should equal that of the physical drive parameters. D.3 LOGICAL DRIVE PARAMETERS AVAILABLE USING IBM-COMPATIBLE DRIVE TYPES 1-23 TABLE 5-1. LOGICAL DRIVE PARAMETERS Drive capacity (bytes) is: At least but less than Then select drive type 10,653,696 21,307,392 1 21,307,392 21,411,840 16 21,411,840 31,900,160 2 31,900,160 32,117,760 8 32,117,760 32,169,984 3 32,169,984 37,209,600 7 37,209,600 42,519,040 11 42,519,040 44,660,224 17 44,660,224 49,090,560 14 49,090,560 52,093,440 5 52,093,440 57,098,240 12 57,098,240 59,526,656 10 59,526,656 62,390,272 18 62,390,272 65,454,080 19 65,454,080 117,504,000 4 117,504,000 9 APPENDIX E: INSTALLING NOVELL WITH THE ACB-2372B The ACB-2372B fully supports all revisions of Novell Netware. Netware is not compatible with Adaptec autoconfiguration of drive parameters, but the 17-sector emulation, and/or extended drive-type tables on the motherboard make it possible to supply non-standard RLL disk parameters in a method compatible with Novell. It is not necessary to modify the Netware software in any way to support the controller. E.1 INSTALL THE CONTROLLER AND HARD DISK First install the controller and format the hard disk as described in Sections 2 and 3. When the format is complete, disable the Adaptec controller BIOS. E.2 SELECTING DRIVE PARAMETERS FOR USE WITH NOVELL Since the Adaptec autoconfiguration should not be used with Novell Netware, it is necessary to disable the Adaptec controller BIOS (see Section 2.4). It is then necessary to select a drive-type that will correctly describe your hard disk. E.3 USING EXTENDED DRIVE TYPE TABLES Many motherboard BIOS manufacturers now provide drive-type tables that support RLL hard disk controllers. Several also support programmable drive type tables. If your motherboard BIOS has this capability, then it is possible to use either an existing drive type table, or a programmed table to select drive parameters for use of the ACB-2372B with Novell Netware. Consult your PC AT reference manual, or contact your PC AT manufacturer for information on the drive-types available in your system. If a drive-type table is available that corresponds exactly with your drive parameters, including heads, cylinders and sectors per track, then select that drive table. If your motherboard BIOS does not have an exact drive-type table including the correct sector per track value, but supports programmable drive-type tables, then create a drive-type table that is correct for your drive. Select the drive-type that you have created as the type of disk installed. If your motherboard BIOS neither has the exact drive type available, nor the ability to program a custom drive type table, then Adaptec's 17-sector emulation may be used to translate existing motherboard drive type tables into the physical parameters of; your drive. To do this, follow the instructions in Appendix IV for the use of 17-sector emulation with the Adaptec BIOS DISABLED. E.4 INSTALLING THE NETWARE Once the drive has been formatted and the correct drive-type table selected for your drive, Netware may be installed. Follow the instructions given in the Netware installation documentation to successfully prepare and install Netware on your hard disk. APPENDIX F: Operating system SUPPORT; Adaptec's ACB-23XX Family VENDOR O/S Revision Interactive Systems Unix 386/ix 1.03 Corporation 1.04 2401 Colorado Ave. Santa Monica, CA 90404 213-453-8649 Santa Cruz SCO XENIX V 2.2 Operation /286/386 400 Encinal St. P.O. Box 1900 Santa Cruz, CA 95061-9990 408-425-7222 Microsoft Corp. PC/MS DOS 3.X 16011 N.E. 36th Way Box 97017 MS/OS/2 with 1.0 Redmond, WA DISK01.SYS 98073-9717 MS OS/2 1.02 206-882-8080 Microport Systems System V/386 2.2RLL 10 Victor Square Scotts Valley, CA 95066 800-722-UNIX 800-822-UNIX (In CA) Ontrack Computer Disk Manager Systems Disk Manager N 6200 Bury Drive Eden Prairie, MN 55346 612-937-5815 The Software Link PC-MOS 3577 Parkway Ln. Atlanta, GA 30092 404-448-5465 IBM Corp. OS/2 Std. 1.0 Old Orchard Rd. Armonk, NY 10504 OS/2Std. 1.1 914-765-1900 Golden Bow Systems Vfeature Deluxe 2.57 2870 Fifth Ave., Ste. 201 San Diego, CA 92103 (619) 298-9349 Storage Dimensions Speedstor 5.11 2145 Hamilton Ave. San Jose, CA 95125 (408) 395-2688 Novell, Inc. Novell 2.0a 122 East 2.1 1700 South 2.11 Provo, UT 84601 2.12 (800) 453-1267 F