O TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction 1 Document Purpose 1-1 IN-2000 Hardware Features 1-1 IN-2000 Software Features 1-2 Performance Discussion 1-3 IN-2000 Installation 2 Default Switch Setting 2-1 Adapter Installation 2-1 SCSI Cables 2-3 Terminating Resistors 2-3 Floppy Disk Drive Installation 2-4 Switch Configuration 2-4 Diagnostic Routine 2-8 Diagnostic Report 2-9 SCSI Hard Disk Installation 3 Configuration Options 3-1 Selecting SCSI ID for Hard Disks 3-1 Terminating Resistors 3-2 SCSI Cable Length 3-2 Low Level Formatting 3-3 Disk Parameters 3-6 Removable Media Disk Drives 3-7 SCSI Tape Drive Installation 4 Introduction 4-1 Selecting a SCSI ID 4-1 Bus Termination 4-2 SCSI Cable Length 4-2 SYTOS PLUS Drivers 4-2 CONTENTS DOS Installation 5 DOS Compatibility 5-1 DOS Partitioning 5-1 System Formatting 5-2 Special Disk Partitioning Software 5-2 386 Software Compatibility 5-3 Novell NetWare Device Driver Installation 6 NOVELL Support 6-1 IN-2000 Adapter Preparation 6-2 SCSI Hard Disk Preparation 6-3 Preparing the Device Driver (VAD) 6-3 Installation Procedure - NetWare 2.1X 6-3 COMPSURF Routine, Important Comments 6-4 Installation Procedure - NetWare 2.2 6-5 Xenix Device Driver Installation 7 Introduction 7-1 Preparation 7-2 Adding the IN-2000 as a Second Controller 7-2 Using the IN-2000 as the Primary Controller 7-5 Appendix A. Trouble Shooting A Introduction A-1 Problems and Their Solutions A-1 Conflict Isolation A-4 Common Installation Errors A-6 Most Commonly Asked Questions A-7 If All Else Fails A-11 Appendix B. External SCSI Connector Pinout B-1 Warranty Inside Back CONTENTS 1. Introduction 1 Document Purpose This manual provides information regarding the installation and use of the ALWAYS Technology IN-2000 16 bit high performance SCSI Host Adapter. The manual details the procedures to install SCSI devices including; disk drives, tape drives and other devices under the following operating systems: DOS (including latest 5.0) S.C.O. Xenix. Novell NetWare 2.1X and 2.2 Other software drivers and associated installation information is available from ALWAYS Technology dealers and distributors Comprehensive troubleshooting information is also included. 1.2 IN-2000 Hardware Features * Operates in any 80286/386/486 based IBM AT or EISA bus computer. 1-1 * Supports all SCSI peripherals including hard disks, (including SyQuest and Iomega drives), 1/4" and 1/2" streaming and 9 track tape drives, DAT drives, CD-ROMs, optical disk drives and other devices. * Advanced programmed I/O, dual port FIFO buffer architecture for peak performance. * Completely user configurable from one easily accessible, 10 position DIP switch. * No first party DMA incompatibilities, works with Windows and programs featuring extended memory management. * Highly integrated chip technology and surface mount (S.M.T.) construction for highest reliability and low power consumption. * Compact, half size card only 6.65" long. * Built in AT style floppy disk controller for 5 1/4" and 3 1/2", high and low density floppy disk drives * Internal and external SCSI connectors * Made in the U.S.A. * Lifetime Warranty 1.3 IN-2000 Software Features * Supports Common Command Set and many extended instructions. * BIOS PROM for AT disk emulation included. 1-2 * DOS driver in EPROM, does not use any system memory. * Supports any SCSI hard disk size and type up to 2000 MBytes in capacity. * Hard disk low level format and diagnostic routine included in BIOS. * Novell NetWare 2.1x and 2.2 driver supports all S.F.T. environments including duplexing and mirroring. Works in both dedicated and non-dedicated modes. * Includes S.C.O. Xenix 386 driver for versions 2.3.1 - 2.3.3. Drivers for S.C.O.Unix, Novell NetWare 3.1 (3.11) and other operating systems available. 1.4 Performance Discussion The IN-2000 adapter is one of the fastest SCSI Host Adapters available. The design is based on programmed I/O using a fast dual port RAM buffer. The RAM buffer can be accessed from the host computer at the same time the SCSI peripheral is transferring data, eliminating all overhead time for buffer handling. SCSI devices, such as hard disks, can transfer data to or from the computer as fast as their own transfer rate limitations. No slow DMA channel or external `first party DMA' logic is used. 1-3 2. IN-2000 Installation 2.1 Default Switch Setting The SCSI Host Adapter can be configured to use different I/O addresses and other hardware options. There is only one DIP switch area on the adapter to simplify the configuration procedure. The default switch settings are 'all switches in the off position. The default values are as follows: Default factory configuration: BIOS segment address: C800h I/O address range: 220h-22Fh Interrupt line: 15 Floppy controller: Disabled 2.2 Adapter Installation This section describes the installation procedures for a single as well as a multiple IN-2000 adapter installation. 2-1 2.2.1 Single Adapter Installation Caution: Make absolutely sure that the computer is powered off before beginning the installation procedure. Avoid touching the components on the circuit board. Static electricity discharge may cause damage to the board. The SCSI adapter can be plugged into any 16 bit AT or 32 bit EISA slot on the computer motherboard. Fasten the SCSI adapter metal bracket with a screw into the computer chassis. 2.2.2 Multiple Adapter Installation Under some operating systems, such as Novell NetWare it is possible to install up to three IN-2000 Host Adapters in one system. Refer to documentation supplied with the operating system for limitations and specifications. The installation procedure for the second and third adapter(s) is identical to the first adapter except for the DIP switch settings. Change the DIP switches for BIOS address, I/O address and interrupt on the 2nd and 3rd boards so that no conflicts exist. The IN-2000 BIOS will check for conflicts during the BOOT sequence and halt the system if any conflicts are found. 2-2 2.3 SCSI cables There are two SCSI connectors on the SCSI adapter, one internal 2x25 pin header and one external 25 pin (female) DB25 connector. The internal connector should be used with a 50 pin ribbon cable. This connector is for use with SCSI peripherals that are mounted inside the computer chassis. The external DB25 connector uses a Macintosh compatible SCSI cable (see Appendix B for pinout). It is very important that the TOTAL SCSI cable length does not exceed 6 meters (18 feet) including the cable inside the host computer. Notice: Do not plug a parallel printer into the IN-2000's external SCSI connector. Damage to the printer, SCSI adapter and/or disk drive may occur. 2.4 Terminating Resistors Terminating resistors are used to eliminate signal reflections at the ends of the SCSI cable caused by the impedance difference between the cable and an open circuit. The end of each cable must be terminated with terminating resistor packs. These resistor packs are normally mounted on the circuit board of the SCSI device itself (hard disks, tapes ...). If more than one device is connected to the SCSI interface, the last device on the cable, and only that one, must have its resistor pack(s) installed. 2-3 2.5 Floppy Disk Drive Installation The IN-2000 contains an AT compatible floppy controller which operates in conjunction with the motherboard BIOS. If the floppy controller on the IN-2000 SCSI adapter is to be used, connect the floppy cable to the floppy connector marked 'J2' on the SCSI adapter. Enable the floppy disk controller by setting SW1-9 to the 'on' position (see next section). Make sure there are no other floppy disk controllers enabled (including one on the motherboard). 2.6 Switch Configuration There is only one switch area on the SCSI adapter. This is a 10 position on/off switch at the top edge of the card, labeled SW1. This DIP switch selects all of the options available on the adapter. Switches may be changed with the power turned on. However, the system should be rebooted to pick up the changed configuration. The function of each switch is shown on the following page. 2-4 ----------------------------------------------------------- |--- | ------- 1234567890 :::::::::::::: | | | | P | | |ON FLOPPY PORT . . | | | | R | |xxxxxxxxxx|OFF . . | |--| | | O | . . | | | | | M | . . | | | EXTERNAL | | | . . | | | SCSI PORT | ------- . . | | | | . . | | | | . . | |-- | . . | | | INTERNAL | | | PORT | | | | | ------||||||||||||||-----||||||||||||||||||||||||||-------- | | BIOS Address It is possible to select between 3 different BIOS segment addresses. It is also possible to disable the BIOS for system troubleshooting purposes. SW 1-1 SW 1-2 SEGMENT ADDRESS OFF OFF C800h - CBFFh * ON OFF D800h - DBFFh OFF ON D000h - D3FFh ON ON BIOS DISABLE * = factory defaults 2-5 I/O Port Address I/O address conflicts are among the most common installation problems. The SCSI adapter allows the use of 4 different I/O port base addresses. SW 1-3 SW 1-4 I/O PORT ADDRESS OFF OFF 220h - 22Fh * ON OFF 200h - 20Fh OFF ON 110h - 11Fh ON ON 100h - 10Fh Interrupt Channel Four different Interrupt channels can be selected. The original hard disk controller uses Interrupt channel 14 as default. Do not use this channel if the original hard disk controller is installed in the system. SW 1-5 SW 1-6 SW 1-7 INTERRUPT OFF OFF OFF 15 * OFF ON OFF 14 OFF OFF ON 11 OFF ON ON 10 ON OFF OFF DISABLE ON ON ON DOS 5.0 SUPPORT OF MORE THAN 2 DRIVES WITH PROM "VCN:1.02" OR GREATER IN PS/2 installations, use INT 10 2-6 Synchronous/Asynchronous Operation Some SCSI peripherals support synchronous data transfers under certain operating systems. Under DOS SW1-8 should normally be left 'off'. Floppy Disk Controller Make sure that only one floppy disk controller is enabled in the system. It is not possible to use the SCSI adapter floppy disk controller at the same time as the original floppy controller. Turn SW1-9 to the on position to enable the floppy controller. SW 1-10 is not currently used. *=factory defaults 2-7 2.7 Diagnostic Routine A SCSI adapter diagnostic and selftest routine has been included in the BIOS prom. This routine can be used to list the setup selection, test the SCSI adapter hardware, and sense the SCSI bus to find out if devices have been connected to it. This diagnostic routine can be started by using the DOS utility 'DEBUG.EXE'. The DEBUG utility is used to make a jump to a special address at which this diagnostic routine is stored. The jump address can be one of the following: C800:8, D000:8 or D800:8 with C800:8 as the default choice. To determine which address to use, read the DIP switch BIOS segment address you have selected. To start the diagnostic routine simply type in the correct jump address, at the DEBUG prompt, as follows (example): -G=C800:8 and press 'Enter'. A menu will show up on the screen with the different options available. Typical diagnostic results are shown on the following page. 2-8 *********************************************** ALWAYS IN-2000 SCSI Host Adapter SCSI Diagnostic routine (C)Copyright 89,90 ALWAYS Technology Corporation ************************************************ Functions: 1) Sense SCSI bus 2) SCSI adapter self test 3) Hard Disk self test 9) Exit Enter choice:1 *********** Sense SCSI Bus ********************* SCSI id 0 = Disk YOUR SCSI DRIVE SCSI id 1 = not used (or additional device) SCSI id 2 = not used SCSI id 3 = not used SCSI id 4 = not used SCSI id 5 = not used SCSI id 6 = not used SCSI id 7 = Used by Host Adapter Enter choice:2 ******** SCSI Adapter self test routine ******** - BIOS checksum test, must be xx00. Checksum = 3A00 O.K. - SCSI logic test ... O.K. - Data buffer test ... O.K. - Interrupt logic test ... Interrupt detected, logic O.K. 2-9 3. SCSI Hard Disk Installation 3.1 Configuration Options The IN-2000 adapter can control up to seven SCSI hard disks drives at a time depending on which operating system software is used. Most types and sizes of SCSI hard disks can be used. It is also possible to have a combination of SCSI hard disks and one or two original ST506 type (including IDE) disk drives in the same system. Some limitations may exist depending on what operating system is being used. NOTE: The AT system CMOS setup MUST NOT be informed of the presence of any SCSI hard disks. The CMOS setup is only used to inform the original hard disk controller of ST506 (MFM/RLL), ESDI and IDE drives. 3.2 Selecting SCSI ID for Hard Disks Every peripheral device that is connected to the SCSI cable must have a unique address called a SCSI ID (Identification). The SCSI ID is selected by installing jumpers in a SCSI ID select jumper area on the hard disk drive. Consult the hard disk documentation on how to select the SCSI ID. The first SCSI hard disk MUST have SCSI ID 0, the second SCSI hard disk, if used, MUST have SCSI ID 1 and the third must have ID 2 and so on. SCSI ID 0 is normally used as the default ID. The host adapter itself uses SCSI ID 7. Read the corresponding installation description for each SCSI peripheral before connecting it to the SCSI bus. 3-1 3.3 Terminating Resistors The SCSI bus (SCSI cable) must have terminating resistor packs installed at each end. All SCSI devices have sockets for these resistor packs on the circuit board close to the SCSI connector. Normally, SCSI devices come with these resistor packs installed as default. If more than one SCSI device is to be used, make absolutely sure that only the last device, at the end of the internal and/or external SCSI cable, has its resistor packs installed. If more than one set of resistor packs are installed read\write problems may occur with any/all devices on the bus. 3.4 SCSI Cable Length It is very important that the total SCSI cable length does not exceed 6 meters (18 feet). This includes the internal SCSI cable and any cable found inside the chassis of the SCSI device. 3-2 3.5 Low Level Formatting When a new drive is to be connected to a system it may need to be initialized to operate correctly under the system's parameters. This is called low level formatting. Most SCSI hard disks are low level formatted at the factory; however a format routine is supplied on the IN-2000. This formatting routine is included in the adapter BIOS and is invoked by using the DOS 'DEBUG' utility. Note: Low level formatting of a NetWare Ready drive will destroy the NetWare signature block. This DEBUG program is used to make a jump to a special address at which the low level formatting routine is stored. This address can be one of the following: C800:5 , D000:5 or D800:5 with C800:5 as default. To determine which address to use, refer to the BIOS segment address switch settings on page 2-4. Start the formatting by typing in the jump address, at the DEBUG prompt, as follows: -G=C800:5 3-3 and press 'enter'. A menu will appear on the screen. Select the low level format choice in this menu. Before the format begins, the routine will scan the SCSI bus for hard disk drives. It will start at SCSI ID 0 and continue with SCSI 1 and so on until it senses a SCSI ID that is not being used by any hard disk. The next prompt will be to select which disk drive is to be formatted. Finally you will be prompted for the interleave factor. This should normally be set to 1, which is the default. Low level formatting will take from 5 to 30 minutes to complete depending on the disk size. CAUTION: Never abort a low level format operation. Doing so will render some drives in-operable; requiring the drive to be returned to the factory. The following are typical displays associated with the low level format routine. 3-4 *********************************************** ALWAYS IN-2000 SCSI Host Adapter Low Level formatting routine (C)Copyright 89,90 ALWAYS Technology Corporation *********************************************** Function: 1) Sense SCSI bus 2) Low Level format SCSI Hard disk(s) 3) Information about this installation 9) Exit Enter choice:1 *****************Sense SCSI bus***************** SCSI id 0 = Disk YOUR SCSI DRIVE SCSI id 1 = not used (or additional device) SCSI id 2 = not used SCSI id 3 = not used SCSI id 4 = not used SCSI id 5 = not used SCSI id 6 = not used SCSI id 7 = Used by Host Adapter Enter choice:2 ***********Low level format routine************ 1 SCSI Hard disk installed Select disk to format (0,1,2...) Warning!!! All data on disk (SCSI id 0) will be destroyed. The unit LED has been activated for identification. Do you really want to continue? (Y/N) Are you absolutely sure? (Y/N) Enter interleave factor (press return for default = 1): Formatting started. Wait 5-20 min for completion Enter choice:3 ***********Installation information************ - SCSI adapter uses: Segment address = C800h I/O addresses = 0220h Interrupt line = 15 Floppy controller= Enabled - SCSI BIOS ver: Rev X.XX MONTH YEAR - Hardware ver: Rev XX 3-5 3.6 Disk parameters. A SCSI hard disk controlled by the IN-2000 reports the following disk parameters to the operating system: Number of heads: 64 Sectors per track: 32 (or 64) 1 (or 2) Megabyte(s) per cylinder These are logical parameters. A SCSI device is not accessed by using the real physical disk parameters. A disk is instead seen as one long string of blocks. Every block has a block number. This block number has to be translated into a head/sector/track value for DOS to understand how to talk to the disk. The IN-2000 BIOS handles this and sets the parameters to these fixed values. By translating drives to a larger number of heads and sectors per track, much larger drives (up to 2000 MBytes) may be used in an AT compatible computer. Disk drives with capacities of 1200 MBytes are logically converted to 32 sectors per track and will have a capacity of approximately 1 MByte per cylinder. Above 1200 MBytes the IN-2000 converts to 64 sectors per track, yielding approximately 2 MBytes per logical cylinder. Programs reporting disk parameters such as the number of heads, sectors per track and cylinders will report values that differ from the physical characteristics of your drive(s). For the same reason some disk performance utilities may return invalid disk seek time and transfer rate measurements. 3-6 3.7 Removable Media Disk Drives. The IN-2000 supports a variety of removable media disk drives. Supported devices include read/write optical drives such as the Maxoptix "Tahiti" (1 and 2), Sony M.O. and others, and the Iomega Bernoulli drive (44 and 90 MByte). Note: This section does not pertain to SyQuest removable cartridge drives. SyQuest support is discussed in Appendix A-10. To support the removability features of these drives two utilities have been included with the IN-2000. The utilities are called BOOPT.EXE and SWOPT.EXE and are in the \OPTICAL sub-directory in the NetWare 286/Utility diskette. BOOPT.EXE is a utility that locks the removable media into the drive so that it cannot be inadvertently removed/ejected. The cartridge(s) are locked upon system boot-up if BOOPT.EXE is in the root directory and the following is added to AUTOEXEC.BAT: BOOPT 3-7 SWOPT.EXE ejects the cartridge after the file allocation tables are closed. Copy SWOPT.EXE to the root directory and add the following to your PATH PATH = C:\ To eject cartridge close any open files, return to the DOS prompt in the root directory and enter: "SWOPT". 3-8 4. SCSI Tape Drive Installation 4.1 Introduction Most SCSI tape drives on the market today can be interfaced with the IN- 2000 Host Adapter. Software and device drivers are available for 1/4 inch streamers, 1/2 inch 9 track tape systems, 4mm DAT devices, the EXABYTE 8mm helical scan drive and other devices. There are two things that must be verified before installation: SCSI ID selection and bus termination. 4.2 Selecting a SCSI ID Before connecting any device to the host adapter make sure that the device has a valid SCSI ID selected. Refer to the tape drive documentation on how to select the correct SCSI ID. There are seven SCSI IDs that can be used by units on the SCSI bus. Those ID's are 0 to 6. The tape drive can have any of those addresses but it is very important that no other SCSI unit has the same SCSI ID. This will cause an address conflict. The tape drive(s) must have ID's above all disk drives. It is possible to use the built in diagnostic routine to find out what SCSI ID's are currently being used. Simply select the Sense SCSI bus command in the diagnostic menu and a list will be produced which identifies what is connected to the SCSI bus. 4-1 Note: SCSI hard disks always use the lowest SCSI IDs starting at 0 and up. Use SCSI IDs above the highest disk drive ID for tape drives. The SCSI Host Adapter itself uses SCSI ID 7. 4.3 Bus Termination Terminating resistor packs must be installed in the SCSI device at the end of the cable. If the tape drive is the only SCSI unit connected to the SCSI adapter, make absolutely sure that it has its terminating resistor packs installed. If there are other SCSI units connected to the SCSI bus, make sure that ONLY THE PHYSICALLY LAST UNIT on the bus has its terminating resistor packs installed (see section 2). It is also recommended that the SCSI unit that has its terminators installed supplies the terminating power as well. 4.4 SCSI Cable Length It is very important that the total SCSI cable length, from one end to the other (including SCSI cable inside the system), does not exceed 6 meters (18 feet). 4.5 SYTOS PLUS Drivers SYTOS PLUS drivers for a number of different tape drives are included on the Novell/Utility diskette. Please see 'readme' in /SYPLUS and SYTOS PLUS manual. 4-2 5. DOS Installation 5.1 DOS Compatibility The IN-2000 SCSI Host Adapter is fully DOS INT 13H compatible. This means that it is possible to use a SCSI hard disk like a standard AT style disk drive. It is also possible to install the IN-2000 adapter as the second controller in a system that has the original AT ST506 (MFM or RLL), IDE, or ESDI controller installed. When used "co-residently" with an AT type drive the system will boot from the AT type drive. If more than two disks are installed in one system it may be necessary to use a disk partitioning software such as Speedstor or Disk Manager. The IN-2000 does not require any main system RAM memory space, if installed using only DOS. The IN-2000 BIOS will run under DOS version 3.X ,4.X and 5.X. 5.2 DOS Partitioning The SCSI hard disk(s) can and should be partitioned as if they were standard AT type hard disks. Use the DOS 'FDISK' utility as described in the DOS manual and partition the SCSI disks. Note that the computer setup must not be informed of the presence of any SCSI hard disks. The disk parameters presented by FDISK will not reflect the actual physical parameters of the SCSI disk. Read Section 3.6 about these parameters. 5-1 5.3 System Formatting After making the DOS partition, it is time to do the system generation. This is done by using the DOS utility 'FORMAT'. Format should be performed as described in your DOS users manual. Be sure to format all partitions. If the SCSI drive will be used as the boot drive use FORMAT /S on the boot partition. A media check will be done and the system files will be written to the SCSI disk. 5.4 Special Disk Partitioning Software Third party disk partition software such as VFEATURE Deluxe, SPEEDSTOR, DISK MANAGER and others can be used together with the IN-2000 SCSI Adapter. This is one way to avoid the 32 MByte DOS partition limit with DOS versions 3.3 and below. Follow the installation guide for the different software packages and complete the installation as if it was done on an original disk controller. Never enter any defect table information into the partition software. Media defect management with SCSI disk drives is performed by the hard disk drives internal firmware. 5-2 5.5 386 Software Compatibility Certain 'protected mode' programs, such as Microsoft Windows, Quarterdecks' QEMM and DESQview have special configuration options for SCSI hard disks. DO NOT USE any of these options when using the IN-2000. These special configurations are "work-arounds" for SCSI adapters which use "first party DMA transfers" that conflict with extended memory addressing. The IN-2000's programmed I/O architecture works flawlessly with all DOS applications. 5-3 6. Novell 2.1x and 2.2 NetWare Device Driver (VAD) Installation IMPORTANT The NOVELL 2.1x certified driver supports NetWare versions 2.11, 2.12, 2.15 and 2.2 on 286, 386, or 486 based computers. NETWARE 386 is not required for operation on a 386 based computer. A Novell NetWare 3.1X NLM is also available. Please contact your dealer for further information on this driver. The ELS version of NetWare is a limited version that does not have support for third party hard disk drivers (VAD's), such as those for the IN-2000. It is therefore not possible to use the IN-2000 host adapter together with the ELS version of NetWare. Novell has discontinued ELS and has replaced it with NetWare 2.2 that supports the IN-2000. 6.1 NOVELL Support The device driver that is supplied with the IN-2000 adapter allows Novell NetWare to be installed and run on SCSI hard disks The driver supports NetWare versions 2.11, 2.12 2.15 and 2.2. Both Advance and System Fault Tolerant (SFT) versions can be used. Up to three host adapters can be installed in one NetWare file server and each host adapter can handle up to 7 SCSI hard disks at the same time. There are no limitations in using the IN-2000 host adapter in a fileserver. All of the advanced NetWare features, such as Disk mirroring, duplexing and caching are supported. 6-1 6.2 IN-2000 Host Adapter Preparation Verify that the default DIP switch setting can be used. If not, configure the DIP switches as described in the host adapter installation section. The host adapter should be configured as if it was to become a DOS system disk. If two or three host adapters are to be used, make absolutely sure that no address conflict occurs. No DIP switch address option can be the same as that selected on another host adapter. NetWare will always boot on the host adapter with the lowest BIOS base address. Read host adapter installation Section 2. for further information. Note! When installing 2 or 3 IN-2000's for duplex operation DO NOT disable the BIOS on either IN-2000. They should all be enabled but have different BIOS addresses (See section 2). 6-2 6.3 SCSI Hard Disk Preparation Before the NetWare installation begins, low level format the SCSI hard disks as described in the hard disk installation section 3.5. DO NOT LOW LEVEL FORMAT NETWARE READY DRIVES! The first SCSI hard disk on every host adapter must have SCSI ID 0, the second disk SCSI ID 1, third SCSI ID 2 and so on. If multiple hard disks are used make sure that only the last disk in the daisy chain has its terminating resistor packs installed. Read more about hard disk installations in the hard disk installation Section 3. 6.4 Prepare the Device Driver The NetWare driver is supplied on a floppy disk. It contains files that will be loaded by the NetWare "Netgen" software utility. 6.5 Installation Procedure - NetWare 2.1X Follow the NetWare Netgen installation manual. The installation program will ask for additional device drivers. See "loading a New Disk Driver" in the Novell NetWare installation manual. This is the time to insert the IN-2000 diskette and let the installation program read and download it. Every IN-2000 board that is to be installed has to have a channel number dedicated to it. If more than one hard disk is installed on one IN-2000 adapter, they will show up as multiple hard disks on one channel. Always select the lowest channel number available for the IN- 2000 board. Note that the NetWare system will boot on channel. If more than one IN-2000 is installed, the one with the lowest PROM segment address MUST be configured on disk channel 0. Finally, verify during the installation that the NetWare driver supports the DIP-switch settings that have been selected. 6-3 6.6 Compsurf Routine, Important Comments The NetWare Compsurf routine will ask the installer if it should do the low level format of the Hard Disks. Always answer NO to this question. Low level formatting should be performed using the IN-2000 format routine as described in Section 3., if necessary. When running Compsurf on a new SCSI Hard Disk, enter 'NO' to "Maintain current media defect list" and 'NO' to "Enter media defects". Always set the "Interleave value" to 1. This will give the overall highest disk performance. 6.7 Installation Procedure - NetWare 2.2 The procedure for NetWare 2.2 is similar to that of 2.1X. When prompted insert the 2.1X VAD diskette in the floppy drive. 6-4 7. Xenix Device Driver Installation 7.1 Introduction The Xenix driver software, supplied by ALWAYS Technology, supports S.C.O. 386 Xenix versions 2.3.1, 2.3.2 and 2.3.3. The IN-2000 can be used in a Xenix environment in two different configurations as explained below. The first configuration adds the IN-2000 to an existing system with an existing disk controller. Note that in this configuration, the IN-2000 is always a secondary controller, with the original AT controller as the primary and boot device. The original AT controller may be an ST506 (MFM or RLL), IDE, or in some cases an ESDI controller. The second configuration uses the IN-2000 as the only disk controller in the system. The attached disk will be the primary bootable root device. An additional drive can be attached to the IN-2000. Note: The Xenix device driver handles 1 or 2 SCSI hard disks connected to the IN-2000 host adapter. Note: DOS cannot read Xenix disks. 7-1 7.2 Preparation Before the installation procedure is started, install the IN-2000 host adapter according to Section 2. in this manual. Verify that the DIP switch settings are correct. It is recommended that the default switch settings be used. If necessary, you may use any other combination of valid BIOS, I/O, and interrupt settings. Install the SCSI hard disk/disks as described in Section 3. 7.3 Adding the IN-2000 as a Second Controller This section describes the option of adding the IN-2000 as a second hard disk controller, used in conjunction with an AT style controller. To use the IN-2000 in a SCSI only system (the IN-2000 as the only controller), please skip to section 7.4. 7.3.1 System Preparation The Xenix system that the IN-2000 adapter is being installed into must have the basic run-time utilities loaded as well as the kernel link kit. For details, refer to the SCO manual for the "custom" (ADM) command. 7-2 7.3.2 Install the Device Driver Power up the system and log in as super-user (root). Run the utility named 'custom' by typing in "custom". If this is the first time the IN-2000 driver is being installed on the system, select: 'Add a supported product' If you are reinstalling or updating the driver, an entry for the IN-2000 should already be listed. Select: '... IN-2000 ...' You will then be prompted for the first disk of the device driver. Insert the IN-2000 driver disk, and press return. The system will read the disk and then ask several questions. One of the questions will ask whether you wish to support your original disk controller. Answer yes ("y"). The system files will then be updated, and the kernel relinked. After the kernel has been rebuilt, you will be prompted to reboot the machine, and run an initialization script. 7-3 7.3.3 Final Steps After the new kernel has been built and the system has been rebooted, you will have to initialize the file systems on the new drive. This is done using a utility called /etc/mkin2000. This utility will ask how many drives are attached to the IN-2000 host adapter. When you answer this question, include all SCSI drives which are connected to the IN-2000. Do not include drives attached to any other controllers. As each drive is initialized, a procedure similar to the initial installation will be performed. The drive configuration, partition table, divvy table, bad track information and file system will automatically be initialized. When each drive has been successfully initialized you will be asked if the drive should be automatically mounted at boot. If you answer "Y", the system scripts will be modified so that the drive will be mounted before the multi-user mode is entered. As the drive is mounted, a message will be presented describing the mounted drive and associated directory. If you answer "N", the drive will have to be manually mounted. This procedure only has to be performed once. The next time the system is booted, the added drives will become available. 7.4 7.4 Using the IN-2000 as the Primary Controller This section discusses installing the IN-2000 in a SCSI only system, using the IN-2000 as the only hard disk controller in the system. 7.4.1 System Preparation The IN-2000 is not currently supported directly by SCO Xenix. Therefore, it is necessary to build a version of the kernel that includes the IN-2000 driver. This build process requires access to a system already running the SAME version of Xenix as you will be installing on your SCSI drive. This system must have, at minimum, the Base runtime system (RTS), and the link kit loaded. For more details, refer to the SCO Xenix "System Administrator's Guide", and refer to the section describing the "custom" utility. If you do not have access to a running system, ALWAYS Technology can perform the build step for you. Please contact ALWAYS Technology to make arrangements if you require this service. Two "systems" are involved in the build step. The first system, the "build" system, will be used for building a bootable installation diskette. The other system, the "target" system, is the system which will ultimately contain the IN-2000 and SCSI disk drives. These two systems may actually be the same system, with the drive/controller configuration swapped. 7-5 7.4.2 Making the N1 Diskette On the build system, while logged in as the super-user (root), run the Xenix "custom" (ADM) utility. If you have built an IN-2000 disk on this system previously, there will already be an entry for the IN-2000. Select that option. Otherwise, select the option to add a supported product. You will be asked for the first disk of the installation set. Insert the IN-2000 driver disk into the drive and press return. The disk will be read, and an installation script run. The first question asked is whether you wish to include the original hard disk driver. Answer no ("n"). This informs the script that you are building a SCSI only system. The system will be rebuilt to include the IN-2000 driver into a copy of the kernel. Note that the original kernel of the build system WILL NOT be modified, and that the link kit will be returned to it's original state when the build operation is complete. When the kernel is complete, you will be prompted for your original SCO Xenix "N1" diskette. In order to protect your diskette, make sure it is write protected. Insert the "N1" disk into the drive, and press return. This diskette WILL NOT be modified; it will only be copied from. After the original diskette has been read, you will be prompted for a blank "scratch" diskette. Remove the original "N1" diskette, and insert the blank. The new diskette will then be formatted, and the copy of the "N1" disk written to it. This copy will become your new "N1" diskette and is used in the installation whenever the "N1" diskette is requested. The modified kernel will now be copied to the new diskette. NOTE: In some installations, primarily when installing the "GT" version of Xenix, the new kernel will be too large to fit on the new diskette. When this happens, you will be prompted for a second scratch diskette, which will be labeled "N0". The "N0" will be used for booting during the installation process. When the kernel has been booted off the "N0" diskette, you will be prompted to switch to the "N1" diskette. 7-6 7.4.3 Build the Target System Install the IN-2000 hardware into the target system if you have not done so already. Place your newly built "N1" ("N0" if it was built) diskette into the system, and turn on the power. From this point, the installation will proceed as with a normal Xenix installation. Be sure to use your "N1" copy when the "N1" diskette is requested. Note: When installing the "GT" version of Xenix, you will be prompted as to what type of disk controller is installed in the system. If you receive this prompt, use the answer for an ST506 controller. 7.4.4 Final Steps After you have installed the operating system but before you modify any of the tunable parameters, or install any other device drivers, you must install the IN-2000 driver into the systems link kit. On the target system, run the custom utility as described 7.4.2. Answer the questions as you did on the build system, and proceed as you did before, until you get to floppy diskette prompt. When you get to this prompt, the driver will have been copied onto your system, and the system files will have been updated. Press the "delete" key to abort the installation process. 7-7 Appendix A. Troubleshooting A.1 Introduction This section describes the most common installation problems and their solutions. A majority of the problems are caused by address conflicts with other boards in the system. A.2 Problems and Their Solutions Following is a list of the most common problems and one or more possible solutions. Problem: No 'ALWAYS SCSI adapter BIOS .....' sign on message on the screen when starting up the system. Solution 1: BIOS address conflict. Another board in the computer has the same BIOS address selected as the SCSI adapter. Change this address on the SCSI adapter (see 2.3). Problem: System hangs after sign-on and will not respond to keyboard commands. (also see Conflict Isolation, Section A-3). Solution 1: Adapter I/O address conflict. SCSI adapter uses the same I/O address as another adapter in the system. Change the I/O address on the SCSI adapter as described in Section 2.3. APPENDIX A-1 Solution 2: Interrupt channel conflict. The SCSI adapter uses the same interrupt channel as another board in the system. Change the interrupt channel on the SCSI adapter as described in Section 2.3. Solution 3: Two floppy disk controllers enabled at the same time. Read Section 2.3 on how to disable the SCSI adapter floppy controller. If more than one floppy controller is enabled the system will not function properly. Solution 4: One SCSI unit on the SCSI bus does not have its power turned on. Turn on all SCSI devices. Solution 5: Format problem: Sometimes, if a hard disk has not been low level formatted or is formatted incorrectly, it may cause the host adapter to hang. It is possible to get around this by disabling the host adapter BIOS (SW1-1 and SW1-2= on), then booting from a floppy disk. Once DOS has been loaded switch the host adapter BIOS back on (SW 1-1 and SW 1-2= off) and proceed with a low level format as described in Section 3.5. APPENDIX A-2 Problem: SCSI hard disk not found during boot, but system responds to keyboard commands and boots from floppy. Solution 1: Possible SCSI ID conflict. Use the diagnostic routine described in Section 2.6 to find out which SCSI IDs are used to make sure that no conflict will occur with the new SCSI unit. Solution 2: Wrong SCSI ID selected for the SCSI unit. The first SCSI hard disk must have SCSI ID 0, the second SCSI ID 1, and so on. The SCSI adapter itself uses SCSI ID 7. Use the diagnostic routine to scan the SCSI bus for used SCSI ids. Solution 3: Defective cable. SCSI ribbon cables are easily damaged by pulling on the ribbon cable to remove the connector. Substitute a known good cable. Problem: Floppy controller can not handle 3 1/2 inch floppy disk drives. Solution: There are no electrical differences between 5 1/4 inch and 3 1/2 inch floppy disk drives. The only thing that differs are the physical parameters for the drives. Those differences are handled by the AT system BIOS only. Obtain a BIOS update for the computer from the computer manufacturer. APPENDIX A-3 Problem: The SCSI adapter floppy controller does not work at all. Solution 1: Switch SW 1 - 9 not enabled. Put switch to the ON position. Solution 2: This problem sometimes occurs in less than 100% compatible IBM clones. It is caused by BIOS incompatibilities in the computer and must be solved by updating the BIOS or continuing to use the standard floppy controller. Systems exhibiting this problem often expect a Zilog floppy disk controller rather than one supplied by Western Digital. A.3 Conflict Isolation The most common symptom is that the computer will hang during the boot sequence. This is often caused by an address conflict or the hard drive not being low level formatted. (If the hard drive has not been low level formatted with the IN-2000, See Page A-2, Solution 5) Many problems can be easily solved if a simple installation sequence is followed: 1. Remove the SCSI adapter from the system. Set all Switches to the off position except for SW1-5. This switch disables the interrupt logic. Leave the IN-2000 out of the system for now. APPENDIX A-4 2. Substitute a working floppy controller and boot the system from floppy. Start the DOS routine called DEBUG.EXE. Do a memory dump at memory location C800H by typing in the following command: D C800:0 The screen will display the memory contents at this address. Make absolutely sure that this address segment does not contain any PROM code from another board. All proms start with '55 AA' as the first two bytes. If this dump contains PROM code do a similar dump at address D000:0 and D800:0 and select one address that does not have any other prom code in it. When an address has been selected, change the corresponding switches on the SCSI adapter (see section 2.3). 3. Turn off the power, install the SCSI adapter in the system and try to reboot. If the system boots up without any problems proceed to Step 4. If the system does not boot, dump the BIOS address again with the DEBUG command D:C800:0. If every other byte is "FF" there is probably a conflict with a 16 bit video card. Switch the video card to 8 bit BIOS mode and try again. There may also be an I/O address conflict. Turn off the power on the system again and change I/O address (SW1-3 and SW1-4 (see Section 2.3)). Again try to boot the system. If it fails, peep on changing the I/O address until the system boots correctly. 4. Once the system has been booted and seems to run correctly, start DEBUG.EXE again and execute the diagnostic routine on the SCSI adapter as described in Section 2.6 ( G=xxxx:8 xxxx= segm addr). Run the adapter selftest to see that everything works correctly. Note that the inperrupt logic has not been selected yet. APPENDIX A-5 5. Enable the interrupt logic (SW1-5 = off) and run the adapter selftest again and make sure that an interrupt is detected. If not, change the interrupt channel until the interrupt is detected without any problems (time out error). Section 2.3 describes how to change interrupt channel. A.4 Common Installation Errors If you are still having problems, review the following list and see if any of them apply. Make sure that the computer CMOS set-up is set to "NONE" or "NOT INSTALLED" (for SCSI drives). Is the SCSI hard drive set to ID"0"? Make sure that two drives are not set to the same ID#. Is the SCSI cable plugged in backwards or is it bad? Are terminator resistors installed in both the drive and the IN-2000? Check disk drive part number and manual to make sure drive is factory sectored to 512 bytes per sector. Look for BIOS, I/O address or interrupt address conflicts. APPENDIX A-6 Ensure that computer bus speed is not set to higher than 12 MHz . (Note that system clock may be as high as 33 MHz) Make sure that the IN-2000 is in a 16 bit slot and is seated correctly. Confirm that hard drive has been low level formatted with the IN-2000. Has the hard drive been "FDISKed" and a bootable partition made active? Is the drive high level formatted correctly? Substitute hard drive to confirm that drive is not defective. A.5 Most Commonly Asked Questions Q. Why does my system hang with my 16 bit VGA video card set to 16 bit mode? A. This is a problem with 16 bit VGA adapters that do not have an auto-sensing feature. The problem arises when 8 bit and 16 bit BIOS PROMS reside in the same 128k block of memory. If this happens, manually switch the VGA card to 8 bit BIOS mode (See PC Magazine Sept. 25, 1990 "Facing the truth about 16-bit VGA Display Adapters"). APPENDIX A-7 Q. Why does my computer say I have 64 heads and a smaller number of tracks than my hard drive really has when I format? A. See Section 3.6 of the installation guide. Q. If I configure my CMOS set-up to "none" for drive type how does my computer know how many heads, tracks and sectors my hard disk has? A. This takes place automatically at boot-up by the BIOS PROM on the IN-2000 reading these parameters from the drive and converting them to logical block numbers. Q. I know I do NOT need a loadable driver for my hard drive under DOS but what about my SCSI tape drive? A. A loadable driver is needed to run SCSI tape drives. Tape back-up software and drivers are available from SYTRON Corporation, NovaStor Corporation (818) 707-9900 and other companies. Q. My DOS operating system cannot read the Xenix disk that came with the IN-2000. Why? A. This disk is written with a format that can only be read by the Xenix operating system. APPENDIX A-8 Q. How can I run more than 2 hard drives on my system under DOS? A. See Section 5.4 in the installation guide. Q. Why won't my Novell ELS software work on the IN-2000? A. This was Novell's "Entry Level System" software and did not allow any third party SCSI drivers to be loaded. (Note: ELS software is no longer available. It has been replaced with NetWare 2.2 that runs on the IN-2000.) Q. My hard drive was low level formatted and partitioned with another host adapter. When I installed the IN-2000, I cannot boot from it or find all of the partitions. Why? A. Some host adapters use a different track, head and sector geometry when converting to SCSI logical blocks. If this conversion is different then that used by the IN-2000, it will be necessary to re-low level format and partition the drive. Q. Why does my performance test software show low data transfer rate and/or slow seek times? A. Many performance test software packages are not made to run on SCSI hard drives. They do not take in account SCSI logical block geometry and therefore compute transfer rate and seek time based on wrong data. APPENDIX A-9 Q. Why is my hard drive advertised as having a total capacity of one size and after I format it, my computer shows a smaller capacity? A. There are two reasons for this: 1. When a drive is formatted, a certain amount of space is lost in every sector due to location information such as head, track, and sector. The computer only reports the total user data area so this may be several Megabytes less than the unformatted capacity, depending on the size of the drive. 2. Space may also be lost due to the drives defect mapping scheme. Q. How do I get my SyQuest SQ-555 to work with the IN-2000? A. In order to run SyQuest removable cartridge drives you must have the SyQuest utilities disk version 2.1 or later. This disk is available directly from SyQuest Corp. Use SyQPREP to partition and format the drive for use with the IN-2000. Q. What type of cable do I need to attach external devices to the IN-2000? A. The IN-2000 uses standard Apple Macintosh "pin-out" SCSI cables for external devices. This cable goes from the ALWAYS "DB25" connector to the standard 50 pin Centronics connector found on most external SCSI devices. Appendix B details the DB25 pin-out. APPENDIX A-10 Q. What types of drivers, if any, are needed for OPTICAL/WORM/CD-ROM drives? SCSI tape? A. ALWAYS Technology is constantly developing software drivers for new peripherals and for new versions of operating systems. A chart included with the Installation Guide outlines currently available drivers. A.6 If All Else Fails If you still can not get your system to function correctly after reading the Installation and Troubleshooting Sections please contact your dealer for technical assistance. In the event that they can not help you, contact ALWAYS technical support by phone at (818) 597-1400 or by FAX at (818) 597-1496 and be prepared to supply the following information: 1. The serial number of your IN-2000. 2. The EPROM and serial ROM revision level of the IN-2000. APPENDIX A-11 3. The make, model and BIOS revision of your computer. 4. The make and model of your SCSI peripheral(s). 5. Information about your operating system 6. When and where you purchased your IN-2000 SCSI adapter. ALWAYS Technology maintains a technical support B.B.S. at (818) 597-0275. This bulletin board provides useful support information, software/firmware updates, and other information. There is no charge for its use. APPENDIX A-12 APPENDIX B EXTERNAL SCSI CONNECTOR PINOUT |\ | \ | \ /REQ-1 |. .| 14-GND /MSG-2 |. .| 15-/C/D /I/O-3 |. .| 16-GND /RST-4 |. .| 17-/ATN /ACK-5 |. .| 18-GND /BSY-6 |. .| 19-/SEL GND-7 |. .| 20-/DBP /DB0-8 |. .| 21-/DB1 GND-9 |. .| 22-/DB2 /DB3-10 |. .| 23-/DB4 /DB5-11 |. .| 24-GND /DB6-12 |. .| 25-TERM PWR /DB7-13 |. / | / |/ APPENDIX B