Microsoft SMARTDrive Disk Cache version 5.0 Copyright 1991,1993 Microsoft Corp. SMARTDRV [/X] [[drive[+|-]]...] [/U] [/C | /R] [/F | /N] [/L] [/V | /Q | /S] [InitCacheSize [WinCacheSize]] [/E:ElementSize] [/B:BufferSize] /X Disables write-behind caching for all drives. drive Sets caching options on specific drive(s). The specified drive(s) will have write-caching disabled unless you add +. + Enables write-behind caching for the specified drive. - Disables all caching for the specified drive. /U Do not load CD-ROM caching module. /C Writes all information currently in write-cache to hard disk. /R Clears the cache and restarts SMARTDrive. /F Writes cached data before command prompt returns (default). /N Doesn't write cached data before command prompt returns. /L Prevents SMARTDrive from loading itself into upper memory. /V Displays SMARTDrive status messages when loading. /Q Does not display status information. /S Displays additional information about SMARTDrive's status. InitCacheSize Specifies XMS memory (KB) for the cache. WinCacheSize Specifies XMS memory (KB) for the cache with Windows. /E:ElementSize Specifies how many bytes of information to move at one time. /B:BufferSize Specifies the size of the read-ahead buffer. 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 SMARTDRV Starts or configures SMARTDrive, which creates a disk cache in extended memory. A disk cache can significantly speed up MS-DOS disk operations. When used for disk caching, SMARTDrive is loaded by using the SMARTDRV command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file or at the command prompt. SMARTDrive can also perform double buffering, which provides compatibility for hard-disk controllers that cannot work with memory provided by EMM386 or Windows running in 386 enhanced mode. To use double buffering, load the device driver by using a DEVICE command in your CONFIG.SYS file. SMARTDrive will not load after Windows has started. Syntax When starting SMARTDrive from your AUTOEXEC.BAT file or from the command prompt, use the following syntax: [drive:][path]SMARTDRV [/X] [[drive[+|-]]...] [/U] [/C|/R] [/F|/N] [/L] [/V|/Q|/S] [InitCacheSize[WinCacheSize]] [/E:ElementSize] [/B:BufferSize] Once SMARTDrive is running, use the following syntax: SMARTDRV [/X] [[drive[+|-]]...] [/C|/R] [/F|/N] [/Q|/S] To view the current status after SMARTDrive has loaded, use the following syntax: SMARTDRV Parameters [drive:][path] Specifies the location of the SMARTDRV.EXE file. [[drive+|-] Specifies the letter of the disk drive for which you want to control caching. Include the plus (+) sign to enable caching for the specified drive; include the minus (-) sign to disable caching for that drive. You can specify multiple disk drives. If you specify a drive letter without a plus or minus sign, read-caching is enabled and write-caching is disabled. If you specify a drive letter followed by a plus sign (+), read-caching and write-caching are enabled. If you specify a drive letter followed by a minus sign (-), both read-caching and write-caching are disabled. If you don't specify a drive letter, floppy disk drives, CD-ROM drives, and drives created using Interlnk are read-cached but not write-cached, hard disk drives are both read-cached and write-cached, and network drives and Microsoft Flash memory-card drives are ignored. (For information about how DoubleSpace caches compressed drives, see Notes.) InitCacheSize Specifies the size in kilobytes of the cache when SMARTDrive starts (when Windows is not running). The size of the disk cache affects how efficiently SMARTDrive runs. In general, the larger the cache, the less often SMARTDrive needs to read information from the disk, which speeds up your system's performance. If you do not specify an InitCacheSize value, SMARTDrive sets the value according to how much memory your system has (see the table below). WinCacheSize Specifies, in kilobytes, how much SMARTDrive will reduce the cache size for Windows. When you start Windows, SMARTDrive reduces the size of the cache to recover memory for Windows' use. When you quit Windows, the cache returns to its normal size. WinCacheSize specifies the smallest size to which SMARTDrive will reduce the cache. The default value depends on how much available memory your system has (see the table below). If you specify a value for InitCacheSize that is smaller than the value specified for WinCacheSize, InitCacheSize is set to the same size as WinCacheSize. The following table shows what the default values for InitCacheSize and WinCacheSize will be, depending on the amount of available extended memory your computer has. Extended InitCacheSize WinCacheSize Memory 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� Up to 1 MB All extended Zero (no caching) memory Up to 2 MB 1 MB 256K Up to 4 MB 1 MB 512K Up to 6 MB 2 MB 1 MB 6 MB or more 2 MB 2 MB Switches /X Disables write-behind caching for all drives. You can then enable caching for individual drives by using the drive+|- parameter. /U Does not load the CD-ROM caching module of SMARTDrive even if you have a CD-ROM drive. If SMARTDrive is loaded with the /U switch, you cannot enable CD-ROM drive caching. If SMARTDrive is loaded without the /U switch, you can disable or enable caching individual CD-ROM drives using the drive+|- parameter. /C Writes all cached information from memory to cached disks. SMARTDrive writes information from memory to the disk at times when other disk activity has slowed. You might use this option if you are going to turn off your computer and want to make sure all cached information has been written to the disk. (SMARTDrive writes all cached information to the disk if you restart your computer by pressing CTRL+ALT+DELETE, but not if you simply turn off the power or press your computer's reset button.) /R Clears the contents of the existing cache, including writing all write-cached information to disk, and restarts SMARTDrive. /F Writes cached data after each command completes. This is the default value. /N Writes cached data when the system is idle. When the command prompt returns, not all cached data may be written yet. To ensure that all the cached data is written, use the /C switch. /L Prevents SMARTDrive from automatically loading into upper memory blocks (UMBs), even if there are UMBs available. You can use the /L switch if upper memory is enabled for use by programs. If you are using SMARTDrive's double-buffering feature and your system appears to be running slowly, try adding the /L switch to the SMARTDrive command in your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. /V Instructs SMARTDrive to display status and error messages when it starts. (By default, SMARTDrive does not display any messages unless it encounters an error condition.) The /V switch cannot be used in conjunction with the /Q switch. /Q Instructs SMARTDrive not to display status messages when it starts. (By default, SMARTDrive does not display status messages when loading, but does for most other operations.) If SMARTDrive encounters an error while starting, it displays an error message whether or not it was loaded with the /Q switch. The /Q switch cannot be used in conjunction with the /V switch. /S Displays additional information about the status of SMARTDrive. /E:ElementSize Specifies in bytes the amount of the cache that SMARTDrive moves at a time. Valid values are 1024, 2048, 4096, and 8192. The default value is 8192. The larger the value, the more conventional memory SMARTDrive uses. /B:BufferSize Specifies in bytes the size of the read-ahead buffer. A read-ahead buffer is additional information that SMARTDrive reads when an application reads information from the hard disk. For example, if an application reads 512K of information from a file, SMARTDrive then reads the amount of information specified by BufferSize and saves it in memory. The next time the application needs to read information from that file, it can read it from memory instead. The default size of the read-ahead buffer is 16K (16384 bytes). Its value can be any multiple of ElementSize. The larger the value of BufferSize, the more conventional memory SMARTDrive uses. Caution: Check that SMARTDrive has completed all write-caching before you restart or turn off your computer. (This is not necessary if you restart your computer by pressing CTRL+ALT+DELETE.) To have SMARTDrive write all cached information to cached disks, type SMARTDRV /C at the command prompt. After all disk activity has stopped, you can safely restart or turn off your computer.  컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 SMARTDRV컴Notes Enabling write caching on specific drives By default, MS-DOS Setup configures SMARTDrive so that write-caching is disabled. This configuration is extremely safe, but does not provide optimum speed. After SMARTDrive starts, you can use the SMARTDRV command to enable write caching on specific drives. This can significantly speed up your system. To enable write-caching on a particular drive, carry out the SMARTDRV command and specify the drive letter and a plus sign. For example, to enable write-caching on drive C, you would type the following: smartdrv c+ For information about enabling write-caching for compressed drives, see "SMARTDrive and Compressed Drives" later in this help topic. Using extended memory For SMARTDrive to use extended memory, your CONFIG.SYS file must contain a DEVICE command for HIMEM.SYS or another extended-memory manager that conforms to the Lotus/Intel/Microsoft/AST eXtended Memory Specification (XMS). Loading SMARTDrive into the upper memory area If the upper memory area is available through MS-DOS, SMARTDrive will automatically load into upper memory. You do not need to use the LOADHIGH command with SMARTDrive. If your hard disk requires double buffering, SMARTDrive may run faster if its cache is located in conventional memory. To load SMARTDrive into upper memory and its cache in conventional memory, use the following command: loadhigh smartdrv /l SMARTDrive and compressed drives SMARTDrive does not actually cache compressed drives; instead, it caches the physical (host) drive on which the compressed volume file is located. This improves the speed of both the physical drive and the compressed drive. SMARTDrive and CD-ROM drives If you are using a CD-ROM drive and you want to cache it, load MSCDEX before you load SMARTDrive. If you do not want to cache the CD-ROM drive, load SMARTDrive with the /U switch. (Note that MS-DOS Setup adds the SMARTDRV command to the beginning of your AUTOEXEC.BAT file, before any other commands.) To find out whether SMARTDrive is caching your CD-ROM drive, type SMARTDRV at the command prompt.  컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 SMARTDRV컴Examples To create a SMARTDrive disk cache and use the default cache size, add the following command to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: c:\dos\smartdrv Example: A typical SMARTDrive command Suppose you want to create a disk cache with a cache size of 2048K, and ensure that Windows will not reduce the size of the cache to less than 1024K. To do this and to specify that the SMARTDRV.EXE file is located in the DOS directory on drive C, add the following line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: c:\dos\smartdrv 2048 1024 Example: Enabling and disabling caching on specific drives Suppose that SMARTDrive is already running and you want to enable write caching on drive C. To do this, type the following at the command prompt: smartdrv c+ Suppose you want to configure SMARTDrive to disable all caching of your floppy-disk drives and enable write caching on Interlnk drive D. (Interlnk drives, like floppy-disk drives, are not write-cached by default because it's possible to lose access to the drive before all information has been written from the cache). To do this, you would add the following command to your AUTOEXEC.BAT: c:\dos\smartdrv a- b- d+ Example: Saving cached information on the hard disk Before pressing your computer's reset button or turning off your computer, it is a good idea to have SMARTDrive write all cached information from memory to any cached disks. To do this, type the following at the command prompt: smartdrv /c You will not need to use this command before restarting your computer by pressing the CTRL+ALT+DELETE keys: SMARTDrive detects the CTRL+ALT+DELETE key sequence and automatically writes all information to cached disks before allowing the system to restart.  컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 SMARTDRV.EXE컴Double Buffering Loads the SMARTDRV.EXE device driver to perform double buffering. Double buffering provides compatibility for certain hard-disk controllers that cannot work with memory provided by EMM386 or Windows running in 386 enhanced mode. To find out whether you need to use double buffering, see . SMARTDrive can also perform disk caching, which can speed up your computer. To use SMARTDrive for disk caching, add the command to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file. To use the double-buffering feature of SMARTDrive, the SMARTDRV.EXE device driver must be loaded by a command in your CONFIG.SYS file. Syntax DEVICE=[drive:][path]SMARTDRV.EXE /DOUBLE_BUFFER Parameters [drive:][path] Specifies the location of the SMARTDRV.EXE file. /DOUBLE_BUFFER Instructs SMARTDrive to perform double buffering.  컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 SMARTDRV.EXE컴Notes Double buffering and conventional memory SMARTDrive's double-buffering component must be loaded in conventional memory. It uses 2K of conventional memory, and cannot be loaded in upper memory. The SMARTDrive disk cache can use either upper memory or conventional memory. For more information, see . Determining whether you need to use double buffering If you use EMM386 or run Windows in 386 enhanced mode, you may need to use double buffering. Double buffering is most commonly required with an SCSI (small computer system interface) hard disk or other device, but can also be necessary with an ESDI (enhanced system device interface) or MCA (microchannel architecture) device. Most hard disks do not need to use double buffering. If you are not sure whether your hard disk needs double buffering, follow these steps: 1 Add the following command to your CONFIG.SYS file if the file does not already contain such a command: device=c:\dos\smartdrv.exe /double_buffer This command must appear before the DEVICE command that starts EMM386, if any. 2 Add the following command to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file if the file does not already contain such a command: c:\dos\smartdrv 3 Run the MemMaker program if you haven't already done so. 4 Use the MEM /C /P command to confirm that upper memory is in use. 5 At the command prompt, type SMARTDRV and then press ENTER. SMARTDrive displays information about your system. 6 Look at the column labeled "Buffering." If any line in this column reads "yes," you need to run the double-buffering component of SMARTDrive. (If your system seems to be running slowly, try adding the /L switch to the SMARTDRV command in AUTOEXEC.BAT.) If every line in the "Buffering" column says "no," you can remove the DEVICE command for SMARTDRV.EXE from your CONFIG.SYS file. If any line in the "Buffering" column contains the character "-", then SMARTDrive is unable to detect whether double buffering is needed. Use the MEM /C /P command to confirm that programs are located in upper memory.  컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴 SMARTDRV.EXE컴Example Suppose you need to use SMARTDrive's double-buffering feature so that you can use EMM386 to gain access to the upper memory area. To enable double buffering, you would add the following command to your CONFIG.SYS file: device=c:\dos\smartdrv.exe /double_buffer To improve your computer's speed, you could also install the SMARTDrive disk cache by adding the following line to your AUTOEXEC.BAT file: c:\dos\smartdrv /l