Hoyle and Wickramasinghe: "...life cannot have had a random beginning...The trouble is that there are about two thousand enzymes, and the chance of obtaining them all in a random trial is only one part in 10 to the 40,000th power, an outrageously small probability that could not be faced even if the whole universe consisted of organic soup. If one is not prejudiced either by social beliefs or by a scientific training into the conviction that life originated on the Earth, this simple calculation wipes the idea entirely out of court....The enourmous information content of even the simplest living systems...cannot in our view be generated by what are often called "natural" processes....For life to have originated on the Earth it would be necessary that quite explicit instruction should have been provided for its assembly....There is no way in which we can expect to avoid the need for information, no way in which we can simply get by with a bigger and better organic soup, as we ourselves hoped might be possible a year or two ago." Fred Hoyle and N. Chandra Wickramasinghe, Evolution from Space (Aldine House, 33 Welbeck Street, London W1, 8LX: J.M. Dent & Sons, 1981), p. 148, 24,150, 30, 31) ----------------------------------------- 10 to the 18th power seconds = 31.7 billion years, assuming 31,536,000 seconds per year. Even if an awesome 1000,trillion random combinations could be tried every second each year for 30 billion years (ie 1 times 10 to the 33th power trials), the remaining odds would still be an enormous 1 times 10 to the 39,967th power to 1 against the formation of the necessary genes, based on Hoyle's 1 times 10 to the 40th power figure. ------------------------------------------- "The notion that not only the biopolymers, but the operating programme of a living cell could be arrived at by chance in a primordial soup here on the Earth is evidently nonsense of a high order...Quite a few of my astronomical friends are considerable mathematicians, and once they become interested enough to calculate for themselves, instead of relying of hearsay argument, they can quickly see the point." Fred Hoyle, The Big Bang in Astronomy, New Scientist, Vol 92, No 1280 (November 19, 1981), p. 527.