Document 0135
 DOCN  M9470135
 TI    Could oxidative stress initiate programmed cell death in HIV infection?
       A role for plant derived metabolites having synergistic antioxidant
       activity.
 DT    9409
 AU    Greenspan HC; Arouma O; LGD Biomedical Group, Annandale, NJ 08801.
 SO    Chem Biol Interact. 1994 Jun;91(2-3):187-97. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/94251845
 AB    Evidence supports the premise that a pro-oxidant condition exists in
       HIV-seropositive patients, a result of an overabundance in production of
       reactive oxygen forms combined with a multilevel deficiency in
       nutritional and metabolic sources of antioxidants. Apoptosis (a
       programmed cell death) is recognized as a possible pathway of immune
       cell loss in patients with HIV infection and AIDS. The cascade of events
       that results from 'oxidative stress' (OS) is markedly similar to that
       which can initiate apoptosis and includes oxidation of cellular
       membranes, alteration of metabolic pathways, disruption of electron
       transport systems, depletion of cellular ATP production, loss of Ca2+
       homeostasis, endonuclease activation and DNA/chromatin fragmentation.
       Downstream events secondary to these effects may also play a role in
       activation of latent virus and subsequent viral replication. Primary and
       secondary metabolites found in plants act as synergistic antioxidants,
       and can protect plants from oxidation-induced cell death. Experiments
       have shown that some of these same metabolites can inhibit cell killing
       by HIV. Can these compounds be useful in inhibiting viral activation and
       the death of immune cells in HIV/AIDS through their synergistic
       antioxidant properties? A brief review of the evidence for OS in HIV is
       presented and the potential basis for OS playing a role in the
       initiation of cell death and viral replication is explored. The
       functional antioxidant activities of plant metabolites are illustrated
       and the use of these synergistic antioxidants from plants are proposed
       as a mechanism by which viral replication and cell killing in HIV
       infection can be inhibited.
 DE    Antioxidants/METABOLISM/*PHARMACOLOGY  *Apoptosis  Calcium/METABOLISM
       DNA Damage  Homeostasis  Human  HIV Infections/*METABOLISM/PATHOLOGY
       Lipid Peroxidation  Plants/*CHEMISTRY  Reactive Oxygen Species/*ADVERSE
       EFFECTS  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).