Document 0747
 DOCN  M9490747
 TI    HIV risk factors among injecting drug users in five US cities.
 DT    9411
 AU    Battjes RJ; Pickens RW; Haverkos HW; Sloboda Z; National Institute on
       Drug Abuse, Rockville, MD 20857.
 SO    AIDS. 1994 May;8(5):681-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE MED/94338606
 AB    OBJECTIVES: To examine factors associated with HIV infection in
       injecting drug users (IDU), the independent and interactive effects of
       potential risk factors, and geographic differences in risk factors.
       METHODS: IDU entering methadone treatment in New York City, Asbury Park
       and Trenton in New Jersey, Baltimore and Chicago between February 1987
       and December 1991 were interviewed using a standard questionnaire and
       tested for HIV antibodies (n = 4584). Associations of HIV serostatus
       with race/ethnicity, other demographic characteristics, and injecting
       and sexual risk behaviors were assessed by logistic regression analyses.
       RESULTS: African Americans were at increased risk for HIV in four of the
       five cities, and Puerto Ricans in two cities. Injection in shooting
       galleries and 'speedball' injection emerged as behavioral variables
       highly associated with HIV, although interaction of these variables
       indicates that each variable contributes to HIV risk only in the absence
       of the other behavior. CONCLUSIONS: Geographic differences in HIV risk
       factors and the interaction of 'speedball' and shooting gallery use
       suggest that multiple HIV risk models are needed that reflect
       seroprevalence rates, variation in risk behaviors, and the social
       context of risk behaviors. Increased risk among racial/ethnic minorities
       independent of risk behaviors, suggests the need to examine further
       potential social and environmental factors, such as the social networks
       in which injecting and sexual behaviors occur, HIV seroprevalence within
       these networks, and the locales in which risk behaviors occur.
 DE    Adult  Baltimore/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Blacks  Chicago/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Cocaine
       Comorbidity  Comparative Study  Dangerous Behavior  Female  Hispanic
       Americans  Human  HIV Infections/ETHNOLOGY/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/TRANSMISSION
       HIV Seropositivity/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Male  Mexican Americans  Multivariate
       Analysis  Needle Sharing/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA  New
       Jersey/EPIDEMIOLOGY  New York City/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Odds Ratio  Puerto
       Rico/ETHNOLOGY  Risk Factors  Sex Behavior/STATISTICS & NUMER DATA
       Substance Abuse, Intravenous/*EPIDEMIOLOGY  Substance
       Dependence/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  United
       States/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Urban Population  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).