Document 0070
 DOCN  M94A0070
 TI    Efficacy of primary chemoprophylaxis against Pneumocystis carinii
       pneumonia during the first year of life in infants infected with human
       immunodeficiency virus type 1.
 DT    9412
 AU    Rigaud M; Pollack H; Leibovitz E; Kim M; Persaud D; Kaul A; Lawrence R;
       John DD; Borkowsky W; Krasinski K; Department of Pediatrics and
       Environmental Medicine, New York; University Medical Center, NY 10016.
 SO    J Pediatr. 1994 Sep;125(3):476-80. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/94351443
 AB    To evaluate the efficacy of primary chemoprophylaxis in preventing
       Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in infants with perinatal human
       immunodeficiency virus-1 infection during the first year of life, we
       conducted a retrospective chart review of infants with human
       immunodeficiency virus-1 infection born at New York University Medical
       Center-Bellevue Hospital Center, in New York. Between March 1989 and
       March 1993, 24 infants received primary chemoprophylaxis with
       trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole in the first year of life and 24 infants
       did not receive primary prophylaxis. The CD4+ T-lymphocyte counts in the
       two groups did not differ during the first year of life. The median age
       at the time of initiation of prophylaxis was 3 months, and the average
       duration of prophylaxis was 5.5 months. Among the infants who had not
       received prophylaxis, five cases of PCP were diagnosed at a median age
       of 5 months; in contrast, no cases of PCP were observed in the infants
       receiving prophylaxis (log-rank test, p = 0.017). The probability of
       surviving after 1 year of age was 92% for the children who received
       prophylaxis and 74% for those who did not (log-rank test, p = 0.035).
       These data indicate that chemoprophylaxis is highly effective in
       preventing primary PCP and improving survival time in infants with human
       immunodeficiency virus-1 infection.
 DE    Age Factors  AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections/DRUG
       THERAPY/*PREVENTION &  CONTROL  Cohort Studies  Female  Follow-Up
       Studies  Human  HIV Infections/*CONGENITAL  *HIV-1  Infant  Infant,
       Newborn  Leukocyte Count  Male  Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii/DRUG
       THERAPY/*PREVENTION &  CONTROL  Probability  Retrospective Studies
       Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  Survival Rate
       Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole Combination/*THERAPEUTIC USE  T4
       Lymphocytes/PATHOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).