Document 0072
 DOCN  M94A0072
 TI    Correlation of perinatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus
       type 1 with maternal viremia and lymphocyte phenotypes.
 DT    9412
 AU    Borkowsky W; Krasinski K; Cao Y; Ho D; Pollack H; Moore T; Chen SH;
       Allen M; Tao PT; Department of Pediatrics, New York University Medical
       Center, NY; 10016.
 SO    J Pediatr. 1994 Sep;125(3):345-51. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/94351417
 AB    OBJECTIVE: To determine whether maternal transmission of human
       immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is correlated with increased quantities of
       HIV, decreased frequencies of CD4+ T cells, or increased levels of CD8+
       T cells in the transmitting mother. METHODS: Peripheral blood obtained
       from HIV-infected women at different times during pregnancy was used to
       measure quantitative cell-associated HIV-1 and CD3+CD4+ and CD3+CD8+
       proportions; the plasma was used to perform measurements of quantitative
       viremia by culture and subsequently to measure quantitative HIV-1
       ribonucleic acid levels. These measurements were analyzed with respect
       to their association with HIV transmission to the baby, which occurred
       in one fourth of the cases. The children were also studied to determine
       whether HIV-1 was detected near birth or not until 1 to 8 weeks of life.
       RESULTS: Increased clonal frequencies of HIV-1-infected peripheral blood
       mononuclear cells were found in mothers of infected children; fivefold
       fewer cells were required for a positive culture result (median cell
       numbers of 10(4.5) vs 10(5.2); p = 0.008). Higher frequencies of
       infected cells were seen in mothers of babies with evidence of infection
       at birth than in mothers of infected babies without evidence of
       infection at birth (p < 0.05). Plasma viremia was measured in 10% of
       cultures without regard to whether the mothers transmitted virus to
       their babies. Increased levels of ribonucleic acid as detected by the
       branched-chain DNA method were measurable more often (45% vs 17%) in the
       mothers of infected children than in mothers of uninfected children.
       Proportions of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were indistinguishable in these two
       groups of women. CONCLUSIONS: Increased viremia was present in mothers
       who transmitted HIV to their offspring. This variable could be used to
       select women at highest risk of transmitting HIV to their offspring for
       treatment to decrease the HIV burden five-fold.
 DE    Colony Count, Microbial  CD4-CD8 Ratio  Female  Gestational Age  Human
       HIV Infections/BLOOD/*CONGENITAL/*TRANSMISSION  *HIV-1/ISOLATION & PURIF
       Infant  Infant, Newborn  Leukocyte Count  Pregnancy  Pregnancy
       Complications, Infectious/*BLOOD  Risk Factors  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't
       Support, U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  T-Lymphocytes, Cytotoxic/*PATHOLOGY
       T-Lymphocytes, Helper-Inducer/PATHOLOGY  T4 Lymphocytes/*PATHOLOGY
       Viremia/*MICROBIOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).