Document 2468
 DOCN  M94A2468
 TI    Risk factors for male-to-female HIV transmission.
 DT    9412
 AU    Guimaraes M; Castilho E; Cavalcante S; Lima LA; Gomes VR; UFMG, Brazil.
 SO    Int Conf AIDS. 1994 Aug 7-12;10(1):297 (abstract no. PC0115). Unique
       Identifier : AIDSLINE ICA10/94370107
 AB    OBJECTIVE: To determine factors associated with male-to-female HIV
       transmission in Rio, Brazil. METHODS: HIV positive male index cases (IC)
       and their female partners (FP) were recruited from participant centers
       in Rio de Janeiro. They should be sexually active within the past year
       and female partners should not have other risk factor for HIV. Couples
       were interviewed for risk factors and had blood collected for HIV, HBV,
       syphilis, T4/T8 count exams. Analysis included: chi-square, t-test, Odds
       Ratio (OR) with 95% confidence limits and logistic regression modeling.
       RESULTS: As of Dec 1993, 340 couples were available for analysis and 48%
       of the women were HIV-1 positive. Most ICs were bisexuals (44%), had
       AIDS (51%), were in long term relationships (78% for 24+ months) but
       only recently informed the FPs of their HIV status (66% within 6 months
       prior to the interview). Most women were 30+ years old (65%), had more
       than 8 years of education (51%), had monthly family income > or = US$250
       (54%) and had only the IC as sexual partner in the past year (78%).
       Logistic regression modeling showed the following factors to be
       independently associated with HIV-1: anal sex (OR = 2.58, CI =
       1.49-4.46); lack of vaginal condom use (OR = 2.38, CI = 1.17-4.85); IC
       clinical stage (OR = 1.87, CI = 1.14-3.06); frequency of contacts (OR =
       2.07, CI = 1.26-3.39) and age began regular sexual life (< 19 y.o.) (OR
       = 1.62, CI = .99-2.68), though borderline significant. CONCLUSIONS: 1.
       The high prevalence of HIV-1 in this population (48%) can be explained
       by the high frequency, unprotected vaginal sex and anal sex, with index
       cases at advanced stage of HIV infection; 2. Although STDs
       (history/markers) are important cofactors among heterosexual
       transmission of HIV in Africa, in this population their independent
       effect could not be demonstrated; 3. Rather, heterosexual transmission
       in Rio de Janeiro is more similar to USA and Europe partner studies.
 DE    Adult  Condoms  Female  Human  HIV Infections/*TRANSMISSION  *HIV-1
       Male  Risk Factors  *Sex Behavior  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  Support,
       U.S. Gov't, P.H.S.  MEETING ABSTRACT

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).