Document 0326
 DOCN  M9550326
 TI    Tuberculosis in human immunodeficiency virus-exposed or -infected United
       States children.
 DT    9505
 AU    Gutman LT; Moye J; Zimmer B; Tian C; Department of Pediatrics, Duke
       University Medical Center, Durham,; NC 27710.
 SO    Pediatr Infect Dis J. 1994 Nov;13(11):963-8. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/95148296
 AB    This study was designed to provide a preliminary assessment of the
       occurrence of tuberculosis exposure, infection and disease within a
       national sample of infants and children with human immunodeficiency
       virus (HIV) exposure or infection, and to determine the prevalence of
       Mycobacterium tuberculosis isolates resistant both to isoniazid and
       rifampin in these patients or their adult source contacts. A
       retrospective questionnaire survey was conducted of infants and children
       with HIV exposure or infection evaluated by pediatric HIV referral
       centers in the United States comprising the pediatric units or subunits
       of the Pediatric Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Clinical Trials
       Group (PACTG). Seventy of 72 sites during a mean period of 5 (range, 1
       to 12) years participated in this study and had provided care for 14,038
       patients. There were 75 cumulative total cases of tuberculosis disease
       seen since each site was established. Therapy for asymptomatic infection
       was given to another 40 children and for tuberculosis exposure to 71
       children. Annualized case rates were 478/100,000 for sites established
       in 1990 to 1992, 117/100,000 for 1988 to 1989, 63/100,000 for 1986 to
       1987 and 58/100,000 for 1981 to 1985 (P = 0.05, Spearman's p test for
       trend). By comparison, the 1992 age-specific tuberculosis case rate for
       all U.S. children < 5 years was 5.5/100,000. Twenty percent of isolates
       from PACTG patients and 15% of isolates from adult source contacts were
       resistant to isoniazid and rifampin.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 DE    Adult  Child  Child, Preschool  Drug Resistance, Multiple  Human  HIV
       Infections/*COMPLICATIONS  Infant  Isoniazid/PHARMACOLOGY
       Questionnaires  Retrospective Studies  Rifampin/PHARMACOLOGY
       Tuberculosis/*EPIDEMIOLOGY  United States/EPIDEMIOLOGY  JOURNAL ARTICLE
       MULTICENTER STUDY

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