Document 1268
 DOCN  M9591268
 TI    Humoral and cellular immune responses in rhesus macaques infected with
       human immunodeficiency virus type 2.
 DT    9509
 AU    Abimiku AG; Franchini G; Aldrich K; Myagkikh M; Markham P; Gard E; Gallo
       RC; Robert-Guroff M; Laboratory of Tumor Cell Biology, National Cancer
       Institute,; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892,
       USA.
 SO    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1995 Mar;11(3):383-93. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/95306142
 AB    Eighteen rhesus macaques were inoculated with either an infectious
       molecularly cloned human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2)SBL/ISY,
       or with one of eight mutants defective in one or more accessory genes.
       The immune responses generated by the macaques were monitored for up to
       2 years postinfection. All the macaques except those that received
       mutants lacking the vpr or vif genes demonstrated low to moderate
       antibody titers. Macaques inoculated with vpx- mutants exhibited a
       persistent serological response, suggesting continuous virus expression
       even in the absence of detectable virus in the peripheral blood
       mononuclear cells (PBMCs). Neutralizing antibodies developed in only
       four macaques. In general, low-level cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL)
       activity, not clearly HIV-2 specific, was detected in PBMCs. However,
       one virus-negative macaque exhibited significant HIV-2-specific CTL
       activity in an enriched CD8+ cell population from PBMCs, suggesting
       clearance of the viral infection. In addition, CTL activity against the
       Env and Gag/Pol epitopes of HIV-2 by CD8+ lymphocytes from the spleens
       and lymph nodes of two infected macaques, in one case requiring CD8+ T
       cell enrichment and in the other clearly evident in unfractionated
       tissue lymphocytes, was demonstrated for the first time. This
       sequestration of tissue CTLs occurred in the absence of significant
       levels of circulating CTLs in the blood. Our results suggest that
       routine monitoring of PBMCs may sometimes be inadequate for detecting
       cell-mediated immune responses. Elucidation of immune correlates of
       vaccine protection may therefore require sampling of lymphoid tissues
       and assessment of enriched CD8+ populations.
 DE    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/BLOOD/*IMMUNOLOGY  Animal  Antibody
       Formation  Comparative Study  Cytotoxicity, Immunologic  Defective
       Viruses/*IMMUNOLOGY  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay  *Gene Deletion
       Genes, nef  Genes, vif  Genes, vpr  *Genes, Viral  HIV Antibodies/BLOOD
       HIV-2/GENETICS/*IMMUNOLOGY  Immunity, Cellular  Lymphocyte
       Transformation  Lymphocytes/IMMUNOLOGY/VIROLOGY  Macaca mulatta
       Mutagenesis  Neutralization Tests  Time Factors  JOURNAL ARTICLE

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