Document 0004
 DOCN  M95B0004
 TI    Pharmacokinetics of dapsone in human immunodeficiency virus-infected
       children.
 DT    9511
 AU    Gatti G; Loy A; Casazza R; Miletich F; Cruciani M; Bassetti D; First
       Department of Infectious Diseases, School of Medicine,; University of
       Genoa, Italy.
 SO    Antimicrob Agents Chemother. 1995 May;39(5):1101-6. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/95351750
 AB    Dapsone, administered at various doses and schedules, has been proven to
       be a safe and effective alternative to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for
       prevention of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP) in adults with human
       immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Dapsone is also recommended by
       the Centers for Disease Control for PCP prophylaxis in HIV-infected
       children. However, the suggested dosage regimen is based upon clinical
       experience with children with leprosy and dermatitis herpetiformis
       rather than pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic data obtained from the
       target patient population. In order to determine a rational dosage
       regimen that could be tested in clinical studies aimed at the evaluation
       of dapsone for the prevention of PCP in HIV-infected children, we
       studied the pharmacokinetics of dapsone following a 2-mg/kg of body
       weight oral dose in twelve HIV-positive children aged 9 months to 9
       years. Plasma was collected at the following times after dapsone
       administration: 0, 2, 4, 6, 12, 24, 48, 72, and 96 h. The levels of
       dapsone in plasma were determined by high-performance liquid
       chromatography. Data were analyzed by noncompartmental methods.
       Expressed as means +/- standard deviations (ranges), the pharmacokinetic
       parameters were as follows: peak concentration in plasma, 1.12 +/- 0.48
       (0.44 to 1.81) mg/liter; time to peak concentration in plasma, 3.8 +/-
       1.3 (2 to 6) h; half-life at elimination phase, 24.2 +/- 7.1 (14.4 to
       35.0) h; clearance from plasma divided by bioavailability (CL/F), 1.15
       +/- 0.67 (0.37 to 2.63) ml/min/kg; and volume of distribution divided by
       bioavailability (V/F), 2.25 +/- 1.20 (1.00 to 4.57) liters/kg.(ABSTRACT
       TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 DE    Aging/METABOLISM  Anti-Infective Agents/PHARMACOKINETICS  Child  Child,
       Preschool  Dapsone/ANALOGS & DERIVATIVES/ADMINISTRATION & DOSAGE/BLOOD/
       *PHARMACOKINETICS  Female  Half-Life  Human  HIV Infections/*METABOLISM
       Infant  Male  Pneumonia, Pneumocystis carinii/PREVENTION & CONTROL
       Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  CLINICAL TRIAL  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).