Document 0690
 DOCN  M9650690
 TI    Molecular phylogeny and dissemination of human T-cell lymphotropic virus
       type I viewed within the context of primate evolution and human
       migration.
 DT    9605
 AU    Yanagihara R; Saitou N; Nerurkar VR; Song KJ; Bastian I; Franchini G;
       Gajdusek DC; Laboratory of Central Nervous System Studies, National
       Institute; of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of;
       Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA.
 SO    Cell Mol Biol (Noisy-le-grand). 1995;41 Suppl 1:S145-61. Unique
       Identifier : AIDSLINE GENBANK/M92818
 AB    A renewed interest in the emergence and evolution of the primate T-cell
       lymphotropic viruses has followed the discovery of genetically distinct
       variants of human T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (HTLV-I) in Melanesia
       and Australia. Phylogenetic trees based on selected regions of the gag,
       pol, env and pX genes of HTLV-I from widely separated geographic regions
       and of simian T-cell lymphotropic virus type I (STLV-I) from African and
       Asian catarrhines, constructed using the neighbor-joining and maximum
       parsimony methods, indicated that the Australo-Melanesian and
       cosmopolitan strains of HTLV-I have evolved along separate
       geographically dependent lineages, with African STLV-I strains
       clustering with cosmopolitan HTLV-I strains and Asian STLV-I strains
       diverging from the common ancestral virus before the Australo-Melanesian
       HTLV-I strains. When viewed within the context of non-human primate
       evolution and human occupation of Australia and Melanesia, the rate of
       molecular change of HTLV-I and STLV-I is approximately 2.5-6.8 x 10(-7)
       substitutions per site per year. Overall, the sequence and phylogenetic
       analyses are in accord with interspecies virus transmission among
       non-human primates, as well as between non-human primates and humans,
       with independent evolution of HTLV-I in Southeast Asia and in Africa,
       and with dissemination of HTLV-I by forced or voluntary movements of
       human populations. The immunosuppressive and T-cell activation
       properties of HTLV-I places at added risk these Australian Aboriginal
       and Melanesian populations, some of which are in imminent threat of
       infection with human immunodeficiency virus type 1.
 DE    Africa  Americas  Amino Acid Sequence  Animal  Asia, Southeastern
       Australia  Base Sequence  Cell Line  Comparative Study  DNA,
       Viral/GENETICS  *Emigration and Immigration  Epitopes/GENETICS
       *Evolution  Female  Genes, Structural, Viral  History of Medicine,
       Ancient  History of Medicine, Medieval  History of Medicine, 16th Cent.
       History of Medicine, 19th Cent.  History of Medicine, 20th Cent.
       Hominidae/*VIROLOGY  Human  HTLV-BLV
       Infections/HISTORY/VETERINARY/VIROLOGY  HTLV-I/*CLASSIFICATION/ISOLATION
       & PURIF  HTLV-I Infections/EPIDEMIOLOGY/HISTORY/*VIROLOGY  Male
       Melanesia  Molecular Sequence Data  Monkey Diseases/HISTORY/VIROLOGY
       Mutation  Phylogeny  Primates/CLASSIFICATION/*VIROLOGY
       Proviruses/GENETICS  Racial Stocks/HISTORY  Sequence Alignment  Sequence
       Homology, Amino Acid  Species Specificity
       STLV/*CLASSIFICATION/ISOLATION & PURIF  HISTORICAL ARTICLE  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).