PROGRAM 'GOW' v4.0 by B. K. Berge 206 Cliff Ave. Valley Springs, SD 57068 B. K. Berge is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or send a CompuServe message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman 72050,1433. DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT Users of 'GOW' must accept this disclaimer of warranty: This program material is supplied as is. The author disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising from the furnishing, use, or performance of this program material. ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General 'GOW' calculates physical properties of the following gases and liquids: a) Gases - Natural gas - Nitrogen - Air b) Liquids - Oil - Water - Methanol/Water mixtures - Monoethylene glycol/Water mixtures - Diethylene glycol/Water mixtures - Triethylene glycol/Water mixtures Oil properties are calculated based on a black-oil model. In fluid-property terms the black-oil model employs 2 pseudo- components: 1) "OIL" defined as produced oil at stock tank conditions 2) "GAS" defined as produced separator gas The basic assumption is that gas may dissolve in the oil phase, but oil will not dissolve in the gas phase. For mixtures of heavy oil and light components this is a reasonable assumption, but is a misleading assumption for mixtures of light and intermediate components. 1.2 Program Requirements and Overview Make sure you have the MINIMUM EQUIPMENT CONFIGURATION required by GOW: a) DOS version: 1) An IBM PC, XT, AT or compatible computer 2) 256 K or more of RAM memory 3) DOS 2.0 or later operating system b) Windows version: 1) A computer with 80386 processor or better (486, Pentium) 2) 4 MB RAM memory 3) Windows 3.+ iii 1.3 Program Information The program is divided into 2 major sub-programs, one for gas properties and one for liquid properties. 'GOW' will let you choose between SI-units (metric) or Customary units. The gas property routine calculates: - Molecular weight - Density - Compressibility - Gas formation volume factor - Z-factor (gas deviation factor) - Viscosity - Thermal conductivity - Specific heat - Ideal isentropic coefficient, Cp/Cv - Real isentropic coefficient, k - Pseudo Critical properties - Pseudo Reduced properties The liquid property routine calculates: - API gravity (for oil only) - Density - Compressibility - Formation volume factor (oil and water only) - Solution gas-liquid ratio (oil and water only) - Bubble point pressure (oil only) - Viscosity - Thermal conductivity - Surface tension - Specific heat - Pseudo Critical properties - Pseudo Reduced properties 2.0 USING 'GOW' The following steps are needed to run the program: STEP 1: Install the program: a) DOS version: Put the program diskette in drive A and type: A:\INSTALL This will install the DOS-programs in directory C:\GOW\ or show you how to install the program in a directory of your choice. iv b) Windows version: The Windows version of the program uses the Visual Basic 3.0 runtime DLL. Put the program diskette in drive A. From the Microsoft Windows Program Manager, choose RUN from the FILE menu and type: A:\SETUP or double-click on the SETUP.EXE file in drive A. Setup will copy the program to directory C:\GOW unless you make your own choice. If you want the program-icon to appear in another group window, move it to where you want 'GOW' to be and delete the window group made by Setup. Save your selections. STEP 2: Start the program by typing "GOW" from the DOS-prompt, or 'click' on the correct icon: G O W PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF GAS-OIL-WATER (NON-COMPOSITIONAL) --------------------------------------------------------------------- Copyright (C) 1996 by B. K. Berge (V 4.0) After the disclaimer message, the main menu pops up: GAS-PROPERTIES LIQUID-PROPERTIES EXIT Select either gas or liquid by using the mouse to point and click or the arrow-keys and pressing at your selection. Next, depending on your choice, the program will either let you choose your gas-calculations: Natural Gas, Air or Nitrogen, or your liquid-calculations: Oil, Water, MeOH/Water, MEG/Water, DEG/Water, or TEG/Water. STEP 3: Type of Calculations: Calculation methods are selected from pop-up menus. The input-screen will now appear. You can here retrieve previously saved input data or save your current data to new files. The program will start out with initial built-in data, called "First Time Values". v The physical properties can now be calculated. A pressure liberation table of properties (at constant temperature) will also presented from given pressure down to atmospheric conditions (14.696 psia [1.01325 Bara]). Physical properties can also be plotted versus pressure, but do require at least an EGA graphics system to work. Printing of the graph requires an IBM/EPSON matrix printer or HP Laserjet or compatible systems. However, printing the graph is slow. NOTE! : YOU CAN ALWAYS GO BACK ONE SCREEN BY PRESSING . 3.0 LIMITATIONS The program is designed to work with pressures between 14.696 psia (1.01325 Bara) and 6000 psia (400 Bara), and temperatures between 32 degrees F (0 deg C) and 400 degrees F (200 deg C). However, some of the correlations are not valid in the entire temperature-and pressure-range. 3.1 Gas Properties All natural gas-properties are limited to: 0.55 <= SPGG < 2.0 1.05 <= TEMPRD < 3.0 0 <= PRSPRD < 30 In addition to the above limitations, calculations of pseudo- critical temperatures and pressures should not be performed for reservoir gases with SPGG > 1.3 and for surface gases with SPGG > 1.71. For other gases the limitations are given by the same range for TEMPRD and PRSPRD as for natural gas. 3.2 Liquid Properties For most correlations used here the general limitations are: 0.55 <= SPGG < 1.4 14.696 psia < PRS < 6000 psia 0.74 < SPGO < 1.0 20 SCF/BBL < GORS < 2000 SCF/BBL vi Calculation of physical properties of water and the other liquids are limited by the following validity ranges: 500 psia < PRS < 6000 psia 70 deg F < TEM < 250 deg F Specifically for water the salt-content must be limited by: 0 % < NaCl < 25 % where it is assumed that all dissolved solids are expressed as equivalent sodium chloride concentration (NaCl-concentration). 4.0 REFERENCES 1. Miller, R.W., "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook", 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, NY (1989) 2-30 - 2-37. 2. Dranchuk, P.M. and Abou-Kassem, J.H., "Calculation of Z-factors for Natural Gases Using Equation of State", J. of Canadian Pet. Tech. (July-Sept. 1975) 34-36. 3. "Compressibility and Supercompressibility for Natural Gas and other Hydrocarbon Gases", Transmission Measurement Committee Report no. 8, AGA Catalog No. XQ 1285, Arlington, VA (1986). 4. "Phase Behavior", Reprint Series, SPE, Dallas (1981), 15, 52-63 and 211-223. 5. Edmister, W.C. and Lee, B.I., "Applied Hydrocarbon Thermo- dynamics", Vol. 1, 2nd Ed., Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX (1984) 47-49. 6. Dempsey, J.R., "Computer Routine Treats Gas VIscosity as Variable", Oil & Gas J. (Aug. 16, 1965) 141. 7. Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., and Sherwood, T.K., "The Properties of Gases and Liquids", 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, NY (1977) 503-506, and 536-537. 8. "Engineering Data Book", Vol II, 10th Ed., Gas Processors Suppliers Association, Tulsa, OK (1987) 23-1 - 23-65. 9. Buthod, P., "Specific Heats of Natural Gases", Oil and Gas J. (Sept. 29, 1949) 60. vii 10. Standing, M.B., "Volumetric and Phase Behavior of Oil Field Hydrocarbon Systems", SPE, Dallas (1977) 121-127. 11. Wichert, E. and Aziz, K., "Calculate Z's for Sour Gases", Hydrocarbon Processing (May 1971) 51, 119-122. 12. Vazquez, M. and Beggs, H.D., "Correlations for Fluid Physical Property Prediction", J. Pet. Tech. (June 1980) 968-970. 13. McCain Jr., W.D., "Reservoir-Fluid Property Correlations - State of the Art", SPE Reservoir Engineering (May 1991) 266-272. 14. Katz, D.L., "Prediction of Shrinkage of Crude Oils", Drill. and Prod. Prac., API (1940) 137-147. 15. Brill, J.P. and Beggs, H.D., "Two-Phase Flow in Pipes", 3rd Ed., Tulsa, OK (1979) 2-1 - 2-67. 16. Gallant, R.W., "Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons", 2nd Printing, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX (1974) 61-72, 109-123. 17. Dickey, D.S., "Practical Formulas Calculate Water Properties", Chemical Engineering (November 1991) 235-236. 18. McCain Jr., W.D., Rollins, J.B. and Villiena Lanzi, A.J., "The Coefficients of Isothermal Compressibility of Black Oils at Pressures Below the Bubblepoint", SPE Reservoir Engineering (Sept. 1988) 659-662. 19. Dodson, C.R. and Standing, M.B., "Pressure-Volume- Temperature and Solubility Relations for Natural Gas Water Mixtures", Drill. and Prod. Prac., API (1944), 173. 20. Osif, T.L., "The Effects of Salt, Gas, Temperature, and Pressure on the Compressibility of Water", SPE Reservoir Engineering (Feb. 1988) 175-181. 21. Eichelberger, W.C., Industry and Engineering Chemistry (1955) 47, 2223. 22. Glaso, O., "Generalized Pressure-Volume-Temperature Correlations", J. Pet. Tech. (May 1980) 785-795. 23. Keenan, J. A. and Keyes, F. G., "Thermodynamic Properties of Steam", John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York, NY (1936). 24. Lasater, J.A., "Bubble Point Pressure Correlation", Trans. AIME (1958) 213, 379. viii 25. Beggs, H.D. and Robinson, J.R., "Estimating the Viscosity of Crude Oil Systems", J. Pet. Tech. (Sept. 1975) 1140- 1141. 26. Craft, B.C., Hawkins, H.F. and Terry, R.E., "Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering", 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1991) 40-44. 27. Beal, C., "The Viscosity of Air, Water, Natural Gas, Crude Oil and Its Associated Gases at Oil-Field Temperatures and Pressures", Trans. AIME (1946) 165, 94-115. 28. Chew, J.N. and Connally Jr., C.A., "A Viscosity Correlation for Gas-Saturated Crude Oils", Trans. AIME (1959) 216, 23-25. 29. van Wingen, N., "Viscosity of Air, Water, Natural Gas, and Crude Oil at Varying Pressures and Temperatures", Secondary Recovery of Oil in the United States, API (1950) Chapter 6. 30. "API Technical Data Book - Petroleum Refining", Vol. I, 4th Ed., American Petroleum Institute, Washington DC (1983). 31. Raznjevic, K., "Handbook of Thermodynamic Tables and Charts", Hemisphere Publishing Co., Washington DC (1976) 99-102. 32. Baker, O. and Swerdloff, W., "Finding Surface Tension of Hydrocarbon Liquids", Oil & Gas J. (January 2, 1956) 125. 33. Riazi, M.R. and Daubert, T.E., "Simplify Property Predictions", Hydrocarbon Processing (March 1980) 115- 116. 34. Campbell, J.M., "Gas Conditioning and Processing", Vol. I, 6th Ed., Campbell Petroleum Series, Norman, OK (1984) 60. 35. Katz, D.L., et. al., "Handbook of Natural Gas Engineering", McGraw-Hill Book Co., Inc., New York (1959). 36. Perry, R.H. and Chilton, C.H., "Chemical Engineers Handbook", 5th Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co., New York, NY (1973) 3-135. ----------------- * * * ----------------- ix 5.0 REGISTRATION 'GOW' is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge to the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your friends. If you find this program useful and find that you continue using 'GOW' after a reasonable trial period, you are encouraged to register. The $19.95 registration fee will license one copy for use on any one computer at any one time, provide 12 months support by Compuserve, Internet or USmail, a comprehensive manual giving you the equations used in the program, and the next upgrade free. SHAREWARE REGISTRATION FORM Your Name............ ______________________________ Company Name......... ______________________________ Street Address....... ______________________________ P.O. Box............. ____________________ City................. ____________________ State, Zip........... __ _________________ Preferred disk type.. 3-1/2" 720 KB _ 3-1/2" 1.44 MB _ 5-1/4" 360 KB _ 5-1/4" 1.2 MB _ Mail the form with a check of $19.95 to: B. K. Berge, 206 Cliff Ave., Valley Springs, SD 57068 CompuServe: 101653,3544 Internet: 101653.3544@compuserve.com Other programs by the author ($14.95 registration fee for each if you have registered other software from the author): AGA - Calculates gas and liquid flow orifice meters based on on ANSI/API-2530, Part 3 - 1991 (AGA 3). Both DOS and Windows 3.+ versions supplied upon registration. ISO - Performs the same calculations as 'AGA' over, but is based on the International Standard ISO-5167-1:1991. Both DOS and Windows 3.+ versions supplied upon registration. GASWATER - Natural Gas-Water interaction calculations (Hydrate calculations, water content of natural gas, MeOH/Glycol injection calculations and CO2 solid formation calculations). Both DOS and Windows 3.+ versions supplied upon registration.