PROGRAM 'ISO' Version 4.0 by B. K. Berge 206 Cliff Ave. Valley Springs, SD 57068 CompuServe: 101653,3544 Internet: 101653.3544@compuserve.com B. K. Berge is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442 or send a CompuServe message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman 72050,1433. DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT Users of 'ISO' must accept this disclaimer of warranty: This program material is supplied as is. The author disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising from the furnishing, use, or performance of this program material. ii 1.0 INTRODUCTION 1.1 General 'ISO' calculates gas and liquid orifice flow meters based on International Standard ISO 5167-1: 1991 (Ref. 1). This is a 'shareware' program and NOT a 'freebie'. You are expected to register if you continue using the program for more than 30 days. However, the program does not have any 'nag-screens' to encourage you to register, and will function with no limitations if you do not register. Upon registration you will receive both the DOS and Windows versions of the program supplied on two (2) floppy disks. The program will size orifice plates for given design conditions, find pressure drop for a given flow, or flow for a given pressure drop. The standard (ISO-5167) is originally designed for gas orifices. In this program it is also used for liquid orifices. 1.2 Program Requirements and Overview The minimum equipment configuration required by 'ISO': a) DOS version: 1) An IBM PC, XT, AT or compatible computer 2) 256 K or more of RAM memory 3) DOS 2.0 or later operating system b) Windows version: 1) A computer with 80386 processor or better (486, Pentium) 2) 4 MB of RAM memory 3) Windows 3.+ 1.3 Program Information The program is divided into 4 major sub-programs: - normal gas orifices - normal liquid orifices - gas restriction orifices (critical flow orifices) - liquid restriction orifices 'ISO' lets you choose between U.S. and SI units. The gas routines (normal orifice and restriction orifice routines) will perform orifice-calculations for: - Natural gas - Air - Nitrogen iii For natural gas the AGA-8 Equation of State (EOS) is used for calculating physical properties. For air and nitrogen the Redlich-Kwong EOS is used. The liquid orifice routines include: - Oil (gas-free) - Water - Methanol (MeOH) - Monoethylene Glycol (MEG) - Diethylene Glycol (DEG) - Triethylene Glycol (TEG) For MeOH, MEG, DEG, and TEG the amount of water in solution (0-100 Weight %) can be given, and the program will calculate the physical properties of the solution. 2.0 USING 'ISO' STEP 1: Install the program: a) DOS version: Put the program diskette in drive A and type: A:\INSTALL This will install the DOS-programs in directory C:\ORIFICE or show you how to install the program in a directory of your choice. b) Windows version: The Windows version of the program uses the Visual Basic 3.0 runtime DLL. Put the program diskette in drive A. From the Microsoft Windows Program Manager, choose RUN from the FILE menu and type: A:\SETUP or double-click on the SETUP.EXE file in drive A. Setup will copy the program to directory C:\ORIFICE unless you make your own choice. If you want the program-icon to appear in another group window, move it to where you want 'ISO' to be and delete the window group made by Setup. Save your selections. STEP 2: Start the program by typing "ISO" from the DOS-prompt, or 'click' on the correct icon: FLOW -ORIFICE FLOW-ORIFICE CALCULATION PROGRAM International Standard ISO 5167-1:1991 ------------------------------------------------------------------- Copyright (C) 1996 by B. K. Berge (Version 4.0) iv The Disclaimer is shown before the main menu appears: Gas Orifice Liquid Orifice Restriction Orifice - Gas Restriction Orifice - Liquid EXIT STEP 3: Calculation Options: After choosing type and method of calculation the input-screen will appear. For gas-calculations you have to enter specific gas gravity, temperature and pressure. You can also give molefractions of N2, CO2 and H2S for sour gas calculations. The AGA-8 equation is used for calculating Z-factor (compressibility factor) for natural gases. The equation is complex, and calculation time may be long depending on your computer-type. The Redlich-Kwong equation of state is used for air and nitrogen. For oil-calculations you have to enter specific oil gravity, temperature and pressure. It is also recommended to give molecular weight of oil. For water-calculations the input requirements are salinity, temperature, and pressure. NOTE: It is assumed that all dissolved solids for water are expressed as equivalent sodium chloride concentration. The results are an orifice specification sheet giving the necessary data for design of an orifice or evaluating an existing orifice. STEP 4: Interpreting the results: The results will contain a few factors that you should know: ISO 5167-1:1991 --------------- The basic flow equation is: Qm = C*E*Eps*Pi/4*OD^2*Sqrt(2*dP*Roh) where Qm = Mass flow rate (kg/s) C = Discharge coefficient = Alpha/E E = Velocity of approach factor = 1/(Sqrt(1-Beta^4)) Eps = Expansion factor due to pressure drop Pi = 3.14159 OD = Orifice diameter at actual flowing conditions dP = Differential pressure across orifice Roh = Density of flowing fluid measured at upstream tap v The flow coefficient is given above as: Alpha = C * E and the orifice to pipe diameter is: Beta = OD/PID The definition of the factors are given in Ref. 1. 3.0 LIMITATIONS 3.1 Physical Properties Natural gas properties are limited to: 0.55 <= SPGG < 2.0 1.05 <= TEMPRD < 3.0 0 <= PRSPRD < 30 Liquid correlations used here should be within the following limits: 14.696 Psia < PRS < 6000 Psia 32 deg F < TEM < 250 deg F In addition the oil properties are limited by a specific oil gravity range of: 0.63 < SPGO < 2.0 and water properties are limited by a maximum salt-content: 0 % < NaCl < 25 % 3.2 Orifice Limitations For specifications regarding tolerances and restrictions to the orifices themselves, length of pipe preceding and following the orifice, and tapping points, you are advised to check the standard (Ref. 1). The beta ratio, BETA (orifice to tube diameter ratio, BETA = OD/PID) is limited as follows: vi Flange taps: 0.20 < BETA < 0.75 D and D/2 taps: 0.20 < BETA < 0.75 Corner taps: 0.23 < BETA < 0.8 These limits do not apply for restriction orifices. The limitations on pipe diameters and orifice diameters are: Flange taps and D and D/2 taps: 50 mm < PID < 760 mm Corner taps: 50 mm < PID < 1000 mm Orifice diameters are limited for all tapping types to: OD > 12.5 4.0 REFERENCES 1. "Measurement of fluid flow by means of pressure differential devices - Part 1: Orifice plates, nozzles and Venturi tubes inserted in circular cross-section conduits running full", International Standard ISO 5167-1:1991, 1st Ed., International Organization for Standardization, Geneva, Switzerland (1991). 2. Miller, R.W., "Flow Measurement Engineering Handbook", 2nd Ed., McGraw-Hill Publishing Co., New York, NY (1989) 2-30 - 2-37. 3. "Compressibility and Supercompressibility for Natural Gas and other Hydrocarbon Gases", Transmission Measurement Committee Report no. 8, AGA Catalog No. XQ 1285, Arlington, VA (1986). 4. "Phase Behavior", Reprint Series, SPE, Dallas (1981), 15, 52-63 and 211-223. 5. Edmister, W.C. and Lee, B.I., "Applied Hydrocarbon Thermo- dynamics", Vol. 1, 2nd Ed., Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX (1984) 47-49. 6. Reid, R.C., Prausnitz, J.M., and Sherwood, T.K., "The Properties of Gases and Liquids", 3rd Ed., McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc., New York, NY (1977) 503-506, and 536-537. 7. Buthod, P., "Specific Heats of Natural Gases", Oil and Gas J. (Sept. 29, 1949) 60. vii 8. Standing, M.B., "Volumetric and Phase Behavior of Oil Field Hydrocarbon Systems", SPE, Dallas (1977) 121-127. 9. McCain Jr., W.D., "Reservoir-Fluid Property Correlations - State of the Art", SPE Reservoir Engineering (May 1991) 266-272. 10. Craft, B.C., Hawkins, H.F. and Terry, R.E., "Applied Petroleum Reservoir Engineering", 2nd Ed., Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs (1991) 40-44. 11. Dickey, D.S., "Practical Formulas Calculate Water Properties", Chemical Engineering (Nov. 1991) 235-236. 12. Gallant, R.W., "Physical Properties of Hydrocarbons", Vol. 1, 2nd Printing, Gulf Publishing Co., Houston, TX (1974) 62-68 and 110-119. ----------------- * * * ----------------- 5.0 REGISTRATION 'ISO' is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge to the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your friends. The essence of "user-supported" software is to provide personal computer users with quality software without high prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers to continue to develop new products. If you find this program useful and find that you continue using 'ISO' after a reasonable trial period, you are encouraged to register. The $19.95 registration fee will license one copy for use on any one computer at any one time, provide 1 year support (by mail, CompuServe or Internet), a free booklet giving you the equations used in the program, and next upgrade free. Commercial users of 'ISO' should register and pay for their copies of 'ISO' within 30 days of first use. Site-License arrangements may be made by contacting the address below. Anyone distributing 'ISO' for any kind of renumeration (except the Society of Petroleum Engineers, SPE), must first contact the address below for authorization. This authorization will be automatically granted to distributors recognized by ASP as adhering to its guidelines for shareware distributors, and such distributors may begin offering 'ISO' immediately. (However, to keep the distributor up-to-date with the latest version, please notify the address below). viii SHAREWARE REGISTRATION FORM Your Name............ ______________________________ Company Name......... ______________________________ Street Address....... ______________________________ P.O. Box............. ____________________ City................. ____________________ State, Zip........... __ _________________ Country.............. ____________________ Preferred disk type: 3-1/2" 720 KB _ 3-1/2" 1.44 MB _ 5-1/4" 360 KB _ 5-1/4" 1.2 MB _ Fill out the form with a check of $19.95 and mail to: B. K. Berge, 206 Cliff Ave., Valley Springs, SD 57068 CompuServe: 101653,3544 Internet: 101653.3544@compuserve.com Other programs by the author ($14.95 registration fee each if you have registered other programs from the author): GOW - Calculates gas, oil and water PVT properties based on the users's choice of methods. GASWATER - Natural Gas-Water interaction calculations (Hydrate calculations, water content of natural gas, MeOH/Glycol injection calculations and CO2 solid formation calculations). AGA - Orifice calculations based on ANSI/API 2530-1991, Part 3 (AGA Report No. 3). The same calculations are performed as for 'ISO'. The API standard is basically used in the USA, while the ISO standard is used in Europe. However, both standards give similar results (+/- 1%).