 --- MAIN COMMANDS, General Organization -------------------------------------      All Main command entries use the first three letters or first one or two     letters alone of a command word.  To exit LINEA, enter QUIT, QUI, QU, Q, EXIT,  EXI, EX, or X at the "MAIN*>" prompt.  Case of entries may be upper or lower;   UPPER case used here to emphasize REQUIRED letters.  Commands use one or two    words (separated by spaces), some functions requiring Data for second word.  A  Data word may be 1 to 3 data items separated by commas, semicolons or / slants. If data is not entered, a prompt is made for type of data required.                ALL numeric value entries may use integer-decimal-point-fraction form, "E"   format, or scaling letter multiplier suffixes common in electronics.  Scaling   letters MUST use uppercase for multipliers above unity, lower-case below unity. Scaling letter range:                                                                                                                                              T = tera = 1E+12   G = giga = 1E+9   M = mega = 1E+6   K = kilo = 1E+3          m = milli = 1E-3   u = micro = 1E-6  n = nano = 1E-9   p = pico = 1E-12         f = femto = 1E-15                                                                                    Note "u" instead of Greek "æ" for micro                                               ~                                                 At any yes/no query of "[Y/n]" or "[y/N]", pressing <Enter> key alone is the    same as entering the capitalized letter.  Pressing <Enter> alone for any data   request is the same as entering zero or blank.                                  No Function Keys or Alt/Ctrl key combinations are used with LINEA         1/6   --- PROGRAM COMMANDS -------------------------------------------------------    QUI  QU  Q  =  EXI  EX  X  =  Quit program, return to DOS level.                HEL  HE  ?  =  Help screen display at Main Command level.                       DOS  DO  \  =  Temporary drop to DOS level (return by "EXIT" at DOS level).     ON   ON  (  =  turn ON printer; all analysis, list outputs go to printer.                      *  Main command prompt is "Main->" with printer on.              OFF  OF  )  =  turn OFF printer; analysis, list outputs go to screen.                          *  Main command prompt is "MAIN*>" with printer off.             DIR  DI  &  =  Set another Drive\Directory for ".Lxx" files access; default is  DRI  DR  &  =  current LINEA program drive\directory.                           REM  RM  *  =  Remarks (47 char.max.) for all titles of a circuit output.       DAT         =  Current time and Date, display only (user convenience).          NOD  NO  N  =  Set Node of solution; default is highest circuit node.           DBR  DB  D  =  Set zero-db reference voltage for all outputs given in db.       FRE  FR  F  =  Set Min/Max/Delta of frequency sweep; log sweep is minus Delta.  TIM  TI  T  =  Set Min/Max/Delta of time reconstruction output.                 WAV  WA  ~  =  Shell to outside program to describe repetitive Waveform shape.  SAV  SA  /  =  Save a current solution to disk (.LNS extension).                BRI  BR  B  =  Bring back a saved solution from disk (.LNS extn.) and ckt file. GET  GE  G  =  Get (read in) Waveform coefficient file (.LWC extension).        NAM  NA  $  =  Change Name (and filename) of circuit.                                                                                                     2/6   --- CIRCUIT MODEL COMMANDS at MAIN ----------------------------------------     NEW  NE     =  New circuit model entry begin; old circuit discarded.            ADD  AD  A  =  Add branch(es) to an existing circuit model.                     MOD  MO  M  =  Modify only component Values of a single branch.                 LIS  LI  L  =  List the entire circuit model to screen or printer.              WRI  WR  W  =  Write a circuit model to disk (filename 8 char max, file                        extension of ".LIN" automatically supplied).                     REA  RE  R  =  Read a circuit from disk (filname, extension same as Write).     OPE  OP  O  =  Open (disconnect) a branch; remains in list but not analyzed.    CLO  CL  C  =  Close (reconnect) a branch.                                      DEL  DE  |  =  Delete a branch entire, higher branch numbers move down.         INS  IN  ^  =  Insert a new branch, higher branches move up.                    -----------                                                                     OPEn, CLOse, DELete, INSert operate on _entire_ Macromodel.                          All circuit components require 1-, 2-, or 3-letter entry (either case)     to start a TYPE description.  Number and/or letter suffixes for reference       designations allowed.  R or RESISTOR or R-123 or R_LOAD all signify a single    resistor.  Maximum length of TYPE name is 8 characters total.  "Plus" and       "Minus" nodes are relative...see documentation for details.  Maximum number of  nodes is 40, maximum number of branches is 200.  Macro models (Q,T,O,Z) use 3   to 5 branches.  Node numbers must be consecutive; missing or improper nodes     are checked and warning issued if found.                                  3/6   ---------------------- CIRCUIT MODEL BRANCH TYPES -------------------------     END  EN  E  ND  N  =  End circuit description.                                                                                                                  RES  RE  R  =  Single resistor.       CAP  CA  C  =  Single capacitor.          IND  IN  L  =  Single capacitor.      LQ          =  Inductor with Q.           SRL         =  Series R-L.            CQ          =  Capacitor with Q.          SRC         =  Series R-C.            PRC         =  Parallel R-C               PRL         =  Parallel R-L           IDC  DC     =  DC-only current generator  SIG  SI     =  "Signal" generator; independent current source, AC or waveform   GMS  GM  G  =  Transconductance (gm) -specified dependent Current Source.       HFS  HF  H  =  Current Gain (hfe) - specified dependent Current Source.         QTR  QT  Q  =  Bipolar Transistor (hybrid-pi model), 3 nodes, 4 branch spaces.  TRF  TR  T  =  Two-winding isolated transformer, selectable coupling coef.,                    4 nodes total, 4 branch spaces.                                  OPA  OP  O  =  Operational amplifier, 1 break-point, 1 common, 4 nodes, 5                      branch spaces; non-inverting and inverting inputs.               ZLN  ZL  Z  =  Transmission line (unbalanced), 3 nodes, 3 branch spaces.                                                                                        BAK  BA  B  =  Back up one branch to correct previous branch entry.             -----------                                                                     SIG is frequency-swept current source for FREquency, IMPedance solutions or     waveform coefficient frequencies for SPEctrum, TIMe, ENVelope solutions.  4/4   --- COMMAND WORDS FOR COMBINATION COMMANDS --------------------------------            TYPE                                FORMAT                               FRE  FR  F  =  Frequency              PRI  PR  P  =  Print (tabulate)           TIM  TI  T  =  Time                   PLO  PL  =  =  Plot (ASCII character      SPE  SP  S  =  Spectrum                              formed equivalent graph)   ENV  EN  E  =  Envelope (of RF waveform)                                             Order of Type and Format unimportant.  Format alone is meaningless; Type   by itself will request Limits entry.  FRE DC will set frequency limits to zero  for a DC solution.  Command SET displays current SETtings.                                                                                                      --- ANALYSIS/SOLUTION OUTPUT ACRONYMS (3-letter only) ----------------------      PRF  =  PRint Frequency sweep in tabular form.                                  PRZ  =  PRint Impedance (both polar and rectangular) in tabular form.           PRT  =  PRint Time reconstruct of waveform solution in tabular form.            PRS  =  PRint Spectrum from solution of repetitive waveform.                    PRE  =  PRint Envelope reconstruct of RF waveform in tabular form.              PLF  =  PLot Frequency sweep, ASCII character plot.                             PLZ  =  PLot Impedance, Polar or Rectangular form, ASCII character plot.        PLT  =  PLot Time reconstruction, ASCII character plot.                         PLE  =  PLot Envelope reconstruct RF waveform, ASCII character plot.            PLS  =  PLot Spectrum from solution of repetitve waveform, ASCII character.                                                                             5/6   --- PAGINATION ------------------------------------------------------------     Use MARgin command to set hardcopy top and left margins.  Printer outputs are   set for a page size of 85 characters in width, 66 lines in length.  Output      line width is 80 characters maximum.  The number of top or bottom margin        lines may be 1 to 6 (default is 3).  Left margin may be set 1 to 7 columns/     characters (default is 5).  Pagination is automatic and includes total pages    on each page for any one output.                                                                                                                                --- SOME SPECIAL OPERATIONS -----------------------------------------------     SAVe will save a current circuit solution but writes only the filename of the   circuit solved; use WRIte to save the circuit itself.                                                                                                           BRIng will read in the solution and displays the filename of Circuit solved.    An output may then be redisplayed or reprinted for the same Type of output.     Changing to another Type of output requires reading in the circuit file first.                                                                                  WAVESPEC may be run as a stand-alone program.  When WAVESPEC is invoked (RAM    permitting), LINEA is "put aside" in RAM, all data intact.  Quitting WAVESPEC   will automatically return you to LINEA, without disturbing any LINEA data or    last LINEA program position.  Only WAVESPEC can generate repetitive waveform    data or files.                                                                                                                                            6/6  
