SOFTWARE USER'S MANUAL SPC EXpert Statistical Process Control Software (SPC EXpert Version 2.0S) March 1993 Quality Software Designs, Inc. 933 East Stroop Road Kettering, OH 45429 OVERVIEW Quality Software Designs, Inc. has developed a software tool which automates the statistical and graphical tools used in Statistical Process Control and process metrics analysis. These tools include: Run Chart XMR Chart Pareto Diagram Moving Range Chart PN Chart Pie Chart R Chart P Chart Histogram S Chart C Chart Frequency Polygon XBar-R Chart U Chart Ogive(CDF) XBar-S Chart Bar Graph Scatter Diagram SPC EXpert - Copyright Quality Software Designs, Inc. 1993 SPC EXpert is a SHAREWARE product. You may freely reproduce and re-distribute SPC EXpert for evaluation and educational purposes. If you make use of this software, you are expected to pay a licensing fee as outlined below. Upon receipt of your registration fee you will receive a printed manual, a license agreement, and notices of future upgrades to the software. *Academic users must still register. Individual User - $40 *Academic - FREE Site License - $200 PC LAN - $100 Mutli-Site License - $500 ** Send Check or money order to CUSTOM ENHANCEMENTS AVAILABLE Quality Software Designs, Inc. ** Master Card and Visa Orders 933 East Stroop Road Accepted 6:00pm-9:00pm Kettering, Ohio 45429 Eastern Time. (513) 299-3023 TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Summary 1.2 Detail 1.3 System Requirements 1.4 SPC EXpert System Disk(s) 1.4.1 Files 1.4.2 Transferring from two 5 1/4" Disks to one 3 1/2" Disk 1.4.3 Transferring from one 3 1/2" Disk to two 5 1/4" Disks 1.5 Software Customization Services 1.6 Customer and Technical Support 1.7 Planned Enhancements to SPC EXpert 2. INSTALLATION. 2.1 Automatic Installation (install.exe) 2.2 Alternative Installation. (Into directory other than /spcex) 3. SPC EXpert Menus and Text Screens. 3.1 Bottom Strip Menu 3.2 Scrollable Menus 3.3 Hypertext Help and Info Screens 4. EXECUTING THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM 4.1 The SPC EXpert Demonstration Menu 4.1.1 "A. SPC EXpert Tool". 4.1.2 "B. Screen Show". 4.1.3 "C. Run Chart" 4.1.4 "D. XBAR Chart". 4.1.5 "E. R Chart". 4.1.6 "F. S Chart". 4.1.7 "G. Moving Range Chart". 4.1.8 "H. XBAR-R Chart". 4.1.9 "I. XBAR-S Chart". 4.1.10 "J. X Moving Range Chart". 4.1.11 "K. P Chart". 4.1.12 "L. PN Chart". 4.1.13 "M. C Chart". 4.1.14 "N. U Chart". 4.1.15 "O. Bar Chart". 4.1.16 "P. Pareto Diagram". 4.1.17 "Q. Pie Chart". 4.1.18 "R. Table". 4.1.19 "S. Histogram". 4.1.20 "T. Frequency Polygon". 4.1.21 "U. Ogive (CDF)". 4.1.22 "V. Scatter Diagram". 4.1.23 Options W through Y 4.1.24 exit demonstration 5. EXECUTING SPC EXpert. 5.1 Program Initiation. 5.2 SPC EXpert Main Menu. 5.2.1 SPCEX Main Menu Option A: Select Data File. 5.2.2 SPCEX Main Menu Option B: Select Chart/Diagram Type 5.2.3 SPCEX Main Menu Option C: View Chart/Diagram. 5.2.4 SPCEX Main Menu Option D: Chart Analysis. 5.2.5 SPCEX Main Menu Option E: View Patterns Menu. 5.2.6 SPCEX Main Menu Option F: Expert Consultation Menu. 5.2.7 SPCEX Main Menu Option G: ON-LINE DOCUMENTATION. 5.2.8 SPCEX Main Menu Option H: Print/Export Menu. 5.2.9 SPCEX Main Menu Option I: Options Menu. 5.2.10 SPCEX Main Menu Option J: Editor/File Manager. 5.2.11 SPCEX Main Menu Option K: Shell to DOS. 5.2.12 SPCEX Main Menu Final Option: quit. 6. CREATING DATA FILES. 6.1 First Four Data Lines: 6.2 Run, Moving Range (MR), Individual Moving Range (XMR), Histogram, Frequency Polygon and Ogive (CDF) data file format: 6.3 XBAR, R, S, XBAR-R, and XBAR-S Chart file formats 6.4 Bar, Pareto, Pie and Table Data File Format. 6.5 PN Chart File Format. 6.6 P Chart File Format. 6.7 C Chart File Format. 6.8 U Chart File Format. 6.9 Scatter Diagram data File Format. 6.10 Multiple Data File Format. 7. PC LAN Capability. 8. OPTIONS MENU 8.A A. Control Charts (I.A) A. Range to Display (I.A.A) B. Range to Calc Control Limits (I.A.B) C. Range for Stats/Regression (I.A.C) D. Method for Center Line (I.A.D) E. Method for Control Limits (I.A.E) F. Dist Graph to Display (I.A.F) G. X-Axis Labeling Convention (I.A.G) H. Y-Axis Labeling Convention (I.A.H) I. Control Limits/Zones (I.A.I) J. Process Specs ON/OFF (I.A.J) K. Linear Regression ON/OFF (I.A.K) L. Eliminate Outliers ON/OFF (I.A.L) M. MIN Lengths for Analysis (I.A.M) Return to OPTIONS MENU 8.B B. Distribution Graphs A. Show Process Specs ON/OFF (I.B.A) B. Eliminate Outliers ON/OFF (I.B.B) C. Show Mean ON/OFF (I.B.C) D. Show Median ON/OFF (I.B.D) E. Standard Dist Display (I.B.E) F. Number of Bins (I.B.F) 8.C C. PIE/BAR/PARETO/TABLE A. Data Label Type (I.C.A) 8.D D. Scatter Diagrams A. Show X Process Specs ON/OFF (I.D.A) B. Show Y Process Specs ON/OFF (I.D.B) C. Eliminate Outliers ON/OFF (I.D.C) D. Show X Mean ON/OFF (I.D.D) E. Show X Median ON/OFF (I.D.E) F. Show Y Mean ON/OFF (I.D.F) G. Show Y Median ON/OFF (I.D.G) H. Regression Line ON/OFF (I.D.H) I. Data Dist Graph Menu (I.D.I) 8.E E. Process Specifications;SPECS_OPTIONS_MENU;screens.hyp A. USL (I.E.A) B. LSL (I.E.B) C. Nominal (I.E.C) D. USL (Y) Scatter Only (I.E.D) E. LSL (Y) Scatter Only (I.E.E) F. Nominal (Y) Scatter Only (I.E.F) G. Pop Sigma Est. Type (I.E.G) 8.F F. Data File Formats A. SPC EXpert Format (I.F.A) B. USAF SPC 1.1 Format (I.F.B) C. USAF SPC 1.2 Format (I.F.C) 8.G G. Fonts & Font Sizes A. Titles Font (I.G.A) B. Titles Font Size (I.G.B) C. Axes Labels Font (I.G.C) D. Axes Labels Font Sizes (I.G.D) 8.H H. Titles/Stats/etc A. Titles ON/OFF (I.H.A) B. Enhanced Print ON/OFF (I.H.B) C. Summary Stats ON/OFF (I.H.C) D. Sound ON/OFF (I.H.D) 8.I I. Options Files A. Save Options for Start-ups (I.I.A) B. Save Options to File (I.I.B) C. Load Start-up Options (I.I.C) D. Load Options from File (I.I.D) E. Reset Options to Defaults (I.I.E) 8.J J. Display Current Options (I.J) 8.R Return to Main Menu (I.R) 9. COMMON PROBLEMS / QUESTIONS 10. ERROR MESSAGES FOR INVALID DATA FILES 11. SPC EXpert Abbreviations 12. SPC EXpert Definitions 1. INTRODUCTION. 1.1 Summary SPC EXpert is a software tool which automates the statistical and graphical techniques used in Statistical Process Control (SPC), Total Quality Management (TQM), and many other techniques designed for continuous process improvement. SPC EXpert, CONSTRUCTS, ANALYZES, and INTERPRETS 8 different types of control charts - both attributes and variables. CONSTRUCTs BAR graphs, PIE charts, PARETO diagrams, HISTOGRAMS, Frequency POLYGONS, and Ogives (CDFs). CONSTRUCTS and ANALYZES scatter diagrams. SPC EXpert supports multiple printers; exports to graphics files which can be imported into commercial graphics and desktop publishing software such as Harvard Graphics, WordPerfect, MicroSoft PowerPoint, and MicroSoft Word; produces regression and process capability statistics; automatically analyzes control charts for out-of-control conditions and provides expert advice on their meaning; provides an integrated word processor; imports data from ASCII files; Comparable commercial SPC software will cost from $200-$1000 per single-user copy and from $5000-$20000 for a single-site license. 1.2 Detail SPC EXpert determines which type of control chart is appropriate by asking a series of questions about the nature of the process data. Then SPC EXpert graphically displays the chart(s) selected. SPC EXpert also identifies the following patterns in control charts which suggest the presence of assignable causes of variation: increasing trends, decreasing trends, shifts ups, shifts down, cycles, runs, stratification, mixture patterns, freak patterns, and freak points. Then it graphically displays and highlights each chart pattern identified. SPC EXpert displays text in hypertext fashion providing generic advice on the meaning of each chart pattern identified. To begin, you must load an ASCII file which contains your process data. This is done using SPCEX MAIN MENU option A. Process data is collected and placed into an ASCII file. This file can be created by any word processing tool. SPC EXpert includes a built-in text editor for this purpose. At any time, you may edit the current data file (or any other ACSII text file) by using the SPC EXpert integrated editor. The SPC EXpert Integrated Text Editor is available by selecting SPCEX MAIN MENU option J. While you may directly select any chart/diagram type, SPC EXpert provides an automatic CONTROL CHART selection service. You will be asked 1 to 3 questions concerning the nature of the process data. From these responses, the appropriate control chart type will be selected and created. This is done using the SPCEX MAIN MENU option B. At this point, the control chart may be viewed using SPCEX MAIN MENU option C. The control chart may be searched for unusual patterns. After the pattern search, unusual patterns are highlighted when the control chart is viewed. Each pattern may be viewed separately or all together. Information about each pattern (separately or all together) is obtained by using SPCEX MAIN MENU option F. You may print out a paper copy of any chart or diagram by selection of SPCEX MAIN MENU option H. 1.3 System Requirements SPC EXpert can run on any microcomputer that meets the following requirements: Processor: IBM PC or compatible. Math Co-Processor: Not required but will increase the computational speed of SPC EXpert. Memory: Hard disk drive (2.0M free disk space) and a minimum of 375 K of core memory to execute. Monitor: A VGA monitor will provide the best performance; however, an EGA monitor provides excellent resolutions for most applications. Other monitors such a as CGA and Monochrome are supported but are not recommended. Operating System: MS DOS 3.21 or higher. Printer: SPC EXpert supports the following printers: A. Epson FX/IBM Pro Printer B. Epson LQ C. IBM Proprinter X24 D. IBM Quietwriter E. Toshiba P321 F. HP Laserjet G. Post Script H. Paint Jet; I. HP 7470 Plotter J. HP 7475 Plotter K. HP 7550 Plotter L. HP 7585 Plotter M. HP Desk Jet Printer Ports: SPC EXpert allows you to select the external port to which your printer is connected. The following ports are supported: A. LPT1 (Parallel Port #1) B. LPT2 (Parallel Port #2) C. COM1 (Serial Port #1) D. COM2 (Serial Port #2) Mouse: A mouse is supported, but not required. 1.4 SPC EXpert System Disk(s) 1.4.1 Files. The delivery disk(s) should contain the files: One 3-1/2" disk : Disk 1 of 1 spcex_1.zip spcex_2.zip install.exe invoice.doc readme.txt Two 5-1/4" disks : Disk 1 of 2 spcex_1.zip install.exe invoice.doc readme.txt Disk 2 of 2 spcex_2.zip install.exe *Also on Disk 1 of 2 invoice.doc *Also on Disk 1 of 2 readme.txt *Also on Disk 1 of 2 1.4.2 Transferring from two 5 1/4" Disks to one 3 1/2" Disk To transfer SPC EXpert from its two 5 1/4" (Double Density - 360K) disks onto one 3 1/2" (Double Density - 720K) disk you simply copy the contents of both 5 1/4" System Disks onto a newly formatted 3 1/2" disk. Assuming that your 3 1/2" floppy disk drive is "a:" and your 5 1/4" drive is "b:", this transfer can be accomplished as follows: (a) Place a new 3 1/2" disk into the "a:" drive (b) Type "format a: /F:720 /v:SPCEX" for Double Density, 720K or Type "format a: /F:1440 /v:SPCEX" for High Density, 1.44M (c) When asked "Format Another Disk?" answer "N" (d) Place SPC EXpert Disk 1 of 2 into the "b:" drive (e) Type "copy b:*.* a: /v" (f) Place SPC EXpert Disk 2 of 2 into the "b:" drive (g) Type "copy b:*.* a: /v" ** Steps b-c may be ommitted if you already have a formatted Double Density (720K) or High Density (1.44M) 3 1/2" disk. 1.4.3 Transferring from one 3 1/2" Disk to two 5 1/4" Disks To transfer SPC EXpert from its one 3 1/2" (Double Density - 720K) disks onto two 5 1/4" (Double Density - 360K) disks you simply copy some of the files (see Section 1.4.1) from the 3 1/2" disk onto a newly formatted 5 1/4" disk and some other of the files onto the second 5 1/4" disk. Assuming that your 3 1/2" floppy disk drive is "a:" and your 5 1/4" drive is "b:", this transfer can be accomplished as follows: (a) Place a new 5 1/4" disk into the "b:" drive (b) Type "format b: /F:360 /v:SPCEX1OF2" (c) When asked "Format Another Disk?" answer "N" (d) Place 3 1/2" SPC EXpert Disk into the "a:" drive (e) Type "copy a:spcex_1.zip b: /v" (f) Type "copy a:install.exe b: /v" (g) Type "copy a:invoice.doc b: /v" (h) Type "copy a:readme.txt b: /v" (i) Remove the first 5 1/4" disk and label it "Disk 1 of 2" (j) Place another 5 1/4" disk into the "b:" drive (k) Type "format b: /F:360 /v:SPCEX2OF2" (l) When asked "Format Another Disk?" answer "N" (m) Type "copy a:spcex_2.zip b: /v" (n) Type "copy a:install.exe b: /v" (o) Type "copy a:invoice.doc b: /v" (p) Type "copy a:readme.txt b: /v" (q) Remove the second 5 1/4" disk and label it "Disk 2 of 2" ** Steps b-c and k-l may be ommitted if you already have two formatted Double Density (360K) 5 1/4" disks. 1.5 Software Customization Services Quality Software Designs, Inc., can provide you with a custom enhanced version of SPC EXpert tailored to your specific needs. In many cases, a tailor-made version of SPC EXpert can be produced at a cost comparable to the single-copy off-the-shelf cost of commercial SPC software products. To inquire about this service, contact: Mark Shewhart Quality Software Designs, Inc. 933 East Stroop Road Kettering, Ohio 45429 (513) 299-3023 email: marks@meaddata.com or ...!uunet!meaddata!marks Possible areas for customization include, 1. Placing domain-specific advice in the expert consultation text. e.g. In place of "A shift-up in the R chart means that your process has become less consistent..." we display "A shift-up in the R chart has historically been caused (90%) by a loose ball bearing in the preprocessing machine." 2. Placing company-specific terminology and text in the help screens and expert consultation text. 3. Translating SPC EXpert into another non-English language. 4. Adding a unique type of statistical/graphical tool. Remember, Quality Software Designs, Inc., is in the business of providing Custom Software Solutions. When you consider which SPC software package to buy, call up the commercial vendors and ask then if their $200-$1000 per copy price-tag includes such customer-driven tailoring. 1.6 Customer and Technical Support 1. Phone support is available 6:00pm-9:00pm eastern time (513) 299-3023 2. Messages can be left on an answering machine which is regularly checked all day, every day. (513) 299-3023 3. Questions or detailed problem reports can be emailed to marks@meaddata.com or ...!uunet!meaddata!marks 4. Send written comments and questions to Quality Software Designs, Inc. 933 East Stroop Road Kettering, Ohio 45429 Suggestions are strongly encouraged. Without your help and feedback, we cannot improve SPC EXpert to better meet your (changing) needs. 1.7 Planned Enhancements to SPC EXpert SHORT TERM S.1 Include Short-Run Control Charts a. Nominal Xbar-R b. Target Xbar-R c. Short Run X-Bar-R d. Short Run XMR e. Short Run Moving Average Moving Range f. Short Run C g. Short Run U h. Short Run NP i. Short Run P j. Standardized S Chart S.2 Include Variable Sub-group Size Xbar-R & Xbar-S Charts S.3 "Multiple" Versions of existing tools a. multi bar graph b. stacked bar graph c. stacked pareto diagram d. multi line (run chart) graph MID TERM M.1 MicroSoft Windows Based Version M.2 Import Data from Properly Structured DBase-Type FIles - The database structure for each type of control chart or graphic will be specifically given in the documentation. LONG TERM L.1 "Real-Time" Data Analysis and Monitoring L.2 Macintosh Version L.3 MicroSoft Windows Based Graphical TQM Tools a. Flow-Charting b. Fish-bone Diagrams c. Cause & Effect Diagrams d. Organizational Charts 2. INSTALLATION. 2.1 Automatic Installation (install.exe) To install SPC EXpert, place an SPCEX system disk into the a: (or b:) disk drive and type "a:install" (or "b:install" ) and follow the instructions. You will be asked to select the hard drive onto which you wish to install SPC EXpert. If you select "x:" for example, SPC EXpert will be installed into x:\spcex. 2.2 Alternative Installation. (Into directory other than /spcex) To install SPC EXpert into any directory on your hard drive, simply copy the entire contents of the SPCEX System Diskette(s) into a separate sub-directory (c:\spc for the example below) on your hard disk and then execute the install routine "install.exe". (Note: The example below assumes that the floppy disk drive being used is the "a" drive. Some computers may have the 3 1/2" or 5 1/4" drive as the "b" drive. If this is the case, change "a" to "b" for this example.) Copying the files and installing the software can be accomplished with the following steps: 3 1/2" Disk Version (Total of 1 disk) (a) Place the SPCEX Disk into the a: drive (b) Type "c:" (c) Type "md c:\spc" (d) Type "cd c:\spc" (e) Type "copy a:*.*" (f) Type "install" 5 1/4" Disk Version (Total of 2 disks) (a) Place the SPCEX Diskette #1 into the a: drive (b) Type "c:" (c) Type "md c:\spc" (d) Type "cd c:\spc" (e) Type "copy a:*.*" (f) Remove SPCEX Diskette #1 from the a: drive (g) Place SPCEX Diskette #2 in the a: drive (h) Type "copy a:*.*" (i) Remove SPCEX Diskette #2 from the a: drive (j) Type "install" When complete, the SPCEX installation routine (steps f or j above) will display the message "SPC EXpert INSTALLED". 3. SPC EXpert Menus and Text Screens. 3.1 Bottom Strip Menu. To move through SPC EXpert, remember the keystrokes listed at the bottom of the screen. ESC Moves you to a previous screen F3 Saves to File F2 Exits to previous screen F1 Help key The mouse can also be used to perform these functions by clicking (left mouse button) on the box next to the function. In general, a right mouse button click is equivalent to using the ESC key. 3.2 Scrollable Menus. Arrow keys can be used to move the cursor up and down a menu and then the key is used to select an option. The mouse can also be used to access these functions. Move the mouse cursor to the desired option, click once (left mouse button) to highlight the option and click a second time to select it. The keyboard may be used to select options on this menu. For options A through Z, the letter (upper or lower case) corresponding to each option may be typed followed by a return to select the option. Select "r" or "R" and press return to exit most menus. Another way to exit a menu is to press F2, ESC, or click the right mouse button. 3.3 Hypertext Help and Info Screens. Most of the help screens, the on-line documentation, the expert consultation screens, and the on-line user's manual are presented in a "hypertext" format. Most of the information in a hypertext screen is standard text. However, text which is highlighted in light green or light blue are referred to as hot links. When you "select" a hot link, a new hypertext window will appear on the screen. To "select" a hot link, simply highlight it using the arrow keys or a LEFT mouse click and then press of click on the highlighted hot link again with the LEFT mouse button. While a mouse will make the navigation through a hypertext document quicker, the SPC EXpert hypertext screens are designed to be easily navigated using the keyboard only. The following keystrokes are available: Same as . Moves the highlight down and/or scrolls the screen down one line at a time. Same as . Moves the highlight up and/or scrolls the screen up one line at a time. Same as . Moves the highlight down and/or scrolls the screen down one line at a time. Same as . Moves the highlight up and/or scrolls the screen up one line at a time. Scrolls the screen up on line at a time. Some computers will not recognize this keystroke. Scrolls the screen up on line at a time. Some computers will not recognize this keystroke. Scrolls the screen up one half of a page at a time. Scrolls the screen down one half of a page at a time. Go to the top of the text. Go to the bottom of the text. Select the currently highlighted hot link. This has the same effect as clicking on the highlighted hot link with the LEFT mouse button. View a summary of hypertext keystrokes. Exit hypertext document. The entire contents of any hypertext window may be saved to an ASCII (DOS TEXT) file by pressing . This is the best way to print the contents of a hypertext window by importing the resulting ASCII file into a standard word processor. Same as a RIGHT mouse click. Exit to previous level or screen. Exit to the first level or screen (level 1). This can be very useful if you get "lost" in a complex hypertext document. The effect is the same as several consequtive or RIGHT mouse clicks. More information on how to navigate through hypertext is provided in SPC EXpert's MAIN MENU help screen as well as in SPC EXperts on- line documentation. ON-LINE HYPERTEXT HELP 4. EXECUTING THE DEMONSTRATION PROGRAM. This section outlines the steps required to execute the demonstration program. You are encouraged to view the demonstration program before using SPC EXpert. To start the demonstration program: (a) Type "c:" (b) Type "cd c:\spcex" (c) Type "demo" or "spcex -a" After step (c), the screen below will appear:. SPC EXpert : DEMONSTRATION 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 께�袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲� 께붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴PgUp� � 께볐 SPC EXpert � � A. SPC EXpert Tool � � 께볐 DEMONSTRATION � � B. Screen Show � � 께볐 � � C. Run Chart � � 께볐 � � D. Xbar Chart � � 께볐 Quality Software Designs, Inc. � � E. R Chart � � 께볐 933 East Stroop Road � � F. S Chart � � 께볐 Kettering, Ohio 45429 � � G. Moving Range Chart � � 께볐 messages: (513) 299-3023 � � H. Xbar-R Chart � � 께볐 email: marks@meaddata.com � � I. Xbar-S Chart � � 께볐 ...!uunet!meaddata!marks � � J. X Moving Range Chart � � 께볐 � � K. P Chart � � 께볐 Select a Sample data set -> � � L. PN Chart � � 께봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 � M. C Chart � � 께� � N. U Chart � � 께� � O. Bar Chart � � 께� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴PgDn� � 께훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 께� 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) 4.1 The SPC EXpert Demonstration Menu offers several options. Option A "SPC EXpert Tool" takes you into SPC EXpert. See Section 5 for further explanation of tool use. Option B "Screen Show" provides a screen show illustrating the different charts. Options C through N illustrate the different control charts. Options O through V illustrate the different graphs and diagrams. Options W, X, and Y show how different charts may be combined on a single screen. The last option exits the demonstration. 4.1.1 "A. SPC EXpert Tool". For information on using SPC EXpert itself, see Section 5 "EXECUTING SPC EXpert". 4.1.2 "B. Screen Show". Move the cursor down one line (using the arrow keys or whatever) and then press enter to view the demonstration program. When you move the cursor down to "B. Screen Show" and type , you will get a program which displays examples of all the charts and graphs available. To exit out of the repeating graphics screens, hit any non-numeric key. The numeric keys 1-9 adjust the time that each graphic is displayed before the next appears. 4.1.3 "C. Run Chart" Run Charts are employed to visually represent data. They are used to monitor a process to see whether or not the long range average is changing. Run charts are the simplest tool to construct and use. Points are plotted on the graph in the order in which they become available. 4.1.4 "D. XBAR Chart". XBAR is the sample mean (or average). An XBAR Chart is for measurable characteristics and shows any changes in the mean value of the process. 4.1.5 "E. R Chart". R is the range of the data in each sample or lot. The R Chart is for measurable characteristics and shows any changes in the dispersion of the process. 4.1.6 "F. S Chart". S is the standard deviation of the data in each sample or lot. The S Chart is for measurable characteristics and shows any changes in the dispersion of the process. Sample sizes or ten or more are recommended for an S Chart. 4.1.7 "G. Moving Range Chart". MR is a range chart made of the range of the last two individual measurements. 4.1.8 "H. XBAR-R Chart". The XBAR-R control chart shows both the mean value (XBAR) and the range (R) of a sample. This is the most common type of control chart using indiscrete or continuous values. The XBAR portion of the chart shows any changes in the mean value of the process; while the R portion shows any changes in the dispersion of the process. This chart is particularly useful because it shows changes in mean value and dispersion of the process at the same time, making it a very effective method for checking abnormalities in the process. 4.1.9 "I. XBAR-S Chart". The XBAR-S chart is identical to the XBAR-R chart except that the R (range) is replaced by an S (standard deviation). XBAR-S charts should be used when the logical group size is larger than 10 (ten). 4.1.10 "J. X Moving Range Chart". Sometimes collecting enough data to produce a XBAR-R chart is impossible or at least impractical. Sometimes the natural subgroup size should be one (1) like when a measurement represents a lot or batch. In this case we need to be able to look at just a single measurement as a subgroup, hence an individuals chart. But what about the fact that the range is based on the variation between subgroup members? In this case, we use a range chart made of the range of the last two individuals or a moving range chart. 4.1.11 "K. P Chart". The P Chart is based on a running record that is made up of the subgroup proportions of nonconforming product. A P chart shows the fraction defective (p). It is used when the number of items varies and the statistic of interest is the fraction (or percent) rejected. A P chart shows the characteristics of both the mean (average) and dispersion (spread) of the process. It is used with discrete data sets and may be applied to the results of any inspection that accepts or rejects individual items. The P Chart is an extremely useful aid in giving information as to when and where to exert pressure for quality improvement. It is based on a binomial distribution. 4.1.12 "L. PN Chart". PN charts show the number of defectives (pn). It is used whenever the count data appear to be binomially distributed and the size of the subgroup (sample size) is constant. PN charts show the characteristics of both mean and dispersion of the process. They are used with discrete data sets. 4.1.13 "M. C Chart". C is the average count per subgroup. A C control chart is used in dealing with the number of defects which appear in fixed unit samples. The data for a C Chart should consist of the counts of the total number of nonconformities (defects) of a given type. The chart is based on a Poisson distribution. 4.1.14 "N. U Chart". U is the average rate of nonconformities (defects) per unit. A U chart is used when the number of defectives in the material being inspected is not constant in area and length such as the unevenness of woven materials or pin holes in enamel wire. The sample size can vary and the data set is discrete. The chart may or may not be based on a Poisson distribution. 4.1.15 "O. Bar Chart". Bar Charts are a very simple way of illustrating the nature of process data. A bar chart simply illustrates the relative frequencies or magnitude of data which can be broken down into distinct categories. The example of the Bar Chart in the demonstration programs is illustrated below. 4.1.16 "P. Pareto Diagram". A Pareto chart is a special form of a vertical bar chart that helps to focus efforts on the problems offering the greatest potential for improvement. The basic structure for a Pareto is the same as a histogram. The ability of the Pareto chart to focus attention on the problem that is associated with the greatest cost, or the greatest incidence, is most effective when the ordering of the problems is not changing over time. An example of a Pareto Chart is given below. 4.1.17 "Q. Pie Chart". Pie charts are simply graphs in which the entire circle represents 100% (not 360 degrees) of the data to be displayed. The circle (pie) is divided into percentage slices that clearly show the largest shares of data. The pie chart is generally easy to understand and is widely used to display data in the media. 4.1.18 "R. Table". A table is a systematic arrangement of data usually in rows and columns for ready reference. 4.1.19 "S. Histogram". A histogram is a series of rectangles, each proportional in width to the range of values within a class and proportional in height to the number of items falling in the class. A histogram reveals the amount of variation that any process has within it. The histogram is useful because it emphasizes and clarifies trends that are not readily discernible in tables. 4.1.20 "T. Frequency Polygon". The frequency polygon is a graphical display of a frequency distribution (histogram). It consists of a series of straight lines joining small circles which are plotted at cell midpoints with a height proportional to cell frequencies. 4.1.21 "U. Ogive (CDF)". An ogive is the graphical representation of a cumulative frequency distribution. A cumulative frequency distribution enables the user to see how many observations lie above or below certain values, rather than merely recording the numbers of items within intervals. 4.1.22 "V. Scatter Diagram". A Scatter Diagram is used to study the possible relationship between one variable and another. It is a graph of the observed data and is used to test for possible cause and effect relationships. It cannot prove that one variable causes the other, but it does make it clear whether a relationship exists and the strength of that relationship. A Scatter Diagram is set up whereby the horizontal axis (x-axis) represents the measurement values of one variable, and the vertical axis (y-axis) represents the measurement values of a second variable. 4.1.23 Options W through Y are for use with Multiple Charts. MULTIPLE charts are used to display several different charts at one time. 4.1.24 exit demonstration 5. EXECUTING SPC EXpert. 5.1 Program Initiation. To start SPC EXpert, do the following: (a) Type "c:" (b) Type "cd c:\spcex" (c) Type "spcex" ALTERNATIVE START-UP METHOD: If you wish to save your data files and SPC EXpert system configuration files into a directory (c:\spcdata for this example) different from the directory (c:\spcex for this example) which contains the SPC EXpert software -- as must be the case for a MULTI-USER PC LAN -- you can start up SPC EXpert from a data file directory (c:\spcdata) as follows: (a) Type "c:" (b) Type "cd c:\spcdata" (c) Type "c:\spcex\spcex" for SPC EXpert or "c:\spcex\spcex -a" for DEMO The default directory for saving and retrieving your data files will now be c:\spcdata. NOTE: DO NOT USE A FLOPPY DISK DRIVE (a: or b:) IN THIS MANNER! The data or default directory is also used to store large temporary files; these files may not fit on a floppy disk and the speed of the floppy disk drive will unacceptably slow down SPC EXpert. 5.2 SPC EXpert Main Menu. When you execute SPC EXpert, the SPCEX Main Menu and Status Box will appear on the screen. This is the primary screen from which you will utilize SPC EXpert. The SPCEX Status Box provides a summary of the results of previous SPCEX Menu Selections. When the program is first executed, the box appears as shown below. SPC EXpert : MAIN MENU () 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴뺘� 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 볐 CURRENT STATUS � � A. Select Data File � � � 볐 ---------------------------------- � � B. Select Graphic Type � � � 볐 Raw Data File : � � �. View Graphic � � � 볐 � � �. Control Chart Analysis � � � 볐 Chart Type : � � �. View Chart Patterns � � � 볐 � � �. Expert Consultation � � � 볐 � � G. On-Line Documentation � � � 볐 Valid Chart? : INVALID! � � H. Print/Export � � � 볐 No File & Type � � I. Options � � � 볐 � � J. Editor & File Manager � � � 볐 Analysis N/A � � K. Shell to DOS � � � 볐 # Patterns N/A � � quit � � � 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 � � � 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) Once a data file has been selected, The "Data File" entry will show the file name and extension. Once a chart type has been selected, the "Chart Type:" will show the chart/graph selected. "Valid Chart? :" tells you if the chart or graph selected is appropriate for the data file selected. "Chart Analysis" and "# Patterns" indicate the results of a search of a control chart for unusual patterns. Some of the SPCEX MAIN MENU options (C, D, E and F) are "blacked out" when the menu first appears. This is because certain actions must occur before these options are available. Each selection is discussed below. (X.Y.Z) MENU NOTATION The documentation and HELP screens in SPC EXpert use a special notation to specify a sequence of menu selections beginning from the MAIN MENU. This notation will simplify instructions for navigating through the SPC EXpert menus. For example, to view the current options settings, you would select (I.J) by 1. Start From SPCEX MAIN MENU 2. Select item I, "I. Options" - Now you are in the OPTIONS MENU 3. Select item J, "J. Display Current Options" Another example, to set the method of computing a control chart center line to "Median", you would select (I.A.D.B) by 1. Start From SPCEX MAIN MENU 2. Select item I, "I. Options" - Now you are in the OPTIONS MENU 3. Select item A, "A. Control Charts" - Now you are in the CONTROL CHART OPTIONS MENU 4. Select item D, "D. Center Line Method" 5. Select item B, "B. Median" 5.2.1 SPCEX Main Menu Option A: Select Data File. Option A allows you to enter the name of the ASCII file which contains your process data. See section 6 for information on how to create data files. There are two ways to select a data file under Option A. The first is to type in the filename (complete with extension) when the black bar appears on the screen. The second is to hit the key when the black bar appears. This gives you a list of data files from which you can select the desired file using a mouse or the down arrow and keys. Once a file is selected, the program automatically returns to the Main Menu. Several sample data files are included on the SPC EXpert System Disk. The names of these files are listed below: run.dmo RUN,XMR,HISTOGRAM r.dmo XBAR_R s.dmo XBAR_S pn.dmo PN p.dmo P c.dmo C u.dmo U bar.dmo BAR/PARETO/PIE scat.dmo SCATTER 5.2.2 SPCEX Main Menu Option B: Select Chart/Diagram Type Option B allows you to directly select the type of control chart or diagram that is appropriate. An automatic selection option is also available which will make this determination for control charts based upon the nature of your process data. When Option B is selected, the following Chart Type Menu appears on the screen: Chart Type Selection Menu (B) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴뺘� 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 볐 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲 � � � 볐 ---붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � � � 볐 Raw볐 Current Type Selected : � � A. Control Charts � � � � � 볐 볐 � � B. Diagrams and Graphs � � � � � 볐 Cha볐 � � Return to SPC MAIN MENU � � � � � 볐 볐 � � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � � � 볐 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 � � � � 볐 Val훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � � � 볐 � � � 볐 � � J. Editor & File Manager � � � 볐 Analysis N/A � � K. Shell to DOS � � � 볐 # Patterns N/A � � quit � � � 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 � � � 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) 5.2.2.1 If A. is selected from this menu (B.A), the following Control Chart Menu appears: Control Chart Selection Menu (B.A) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴뺘� 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴�袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲컴컴� � � 볐 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴故 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � � � � 볐 ---붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � A. Automatic chart selection � � � � � � 볐 Raw볐 Current Type Sele� � B. X (Run) Chart � � � � � � 볐 볐 � � C. Xbar Chart � � � � � � 볐 Cha볐 � � D. R Chart � � � � � � 볐 볐 � � E. S Chart � � � � � � 볐 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � F. Moving Range chart � � � � � � 볐 Val훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � G. Xbar-R control chart � � � � � � 볐 � � H. Xbar-S control chart � � � � � 볐 � � I. X Moving Range control chart � � r � � � 볐 Analysis � � J. pn control chart � � � � � 볐 # Patterns � � K. p control chart � � � � � 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � L. c control chart � � 컴켸 � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � M. u control chart � � 袴袴暠 � � � � Return to Previous Menu � � � 께께께께께께께께께께께께께� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께께께훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께께께� 께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) 5.2.2.2 If B. is selected from the Chart Type Menu, the following Diagram/Graph Type Menu appears: Diagram Selection Menu (B.B) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴뺘� 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 볐 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲 � � � 볐 ---붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � � � 볐 Raw볐 Current Type Selected : � � A. Control Charts � � � � � 볐 볐 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲raphs � � � � � 볐 Cha볐 � � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � MENU � � � � � 볐 볐 � � A. Bar Graph � � 컴컴컴� � � � � 볐 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � B. Pareto Diagram � � � � � � 볐 Val훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � C. Pie Chart � � 袴袴袴袴� � � � 볐 � � D. Table � � � � � 볐 � � E. Histogram � � e Manager � � � 볐 Analysis � � F. Frequency POLYGON � � � � � 볐 # Patterns � � G. CDF or Ogive � � � � � 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � H. Scatter Diagram � � 컴컴컴컴컴켸 � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � I. Multiple Graphs � � 袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 � � � � Return to Previous Menu � � � 께께께께께께께께께께께께께� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 께께께께께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께께께훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� 께께께께께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께께께� 께께께께께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) 5.2.2.3 If the bottom line of the Control Chart Menu is selected, the Main Menu returns. 5.2.3 SPCEX Main Menu Option C: View Chart/Diagram. This option allows you to view a graphic display of the control chart or diagram on the screen. The option is not available until after a Data File and Chart/Diagram Type have been selected. Once the display appears on the screen, you may hit any key to return to the Main Menu. 5.2.4 SPCEX Main Menu Option D: Chart Analysis. This option is used to search control charts for unusual patterns. Option D is not available for Bar Graphs, Pareto Charts, Pie Charts, Histograms, Frequency Polygons, Ogives (CDFs), or Scatter Diagrams. 5.2.5 SPCEX Main Menu Option E: View Patterns Menu. Option E allows you to view any unusual patterns found during the pattern search in Option D. It is not available until Option D has been selected and run. The patterns appear highlighted on the graphic display of the control chart. The patterns may be viewed individually or all together. Option E is not available for Bar Graphs, Pareto Charts, Pie Charts, Histograms, Frequency Polygons, Ogives (CDFs), or Scatter Diagrams. 5.2.6 SPCEX Main Menu Option F: Expert Consultation Menu. Option F allows you to view expert advice concerning the meaning of any unusual patterns found during the pattern search in Option D. It is not available until Option D has been selected and run. You have the option to view advice for individual patterns or for all of the patterns. Option F is not available for Bar Graphs, Pareto Charts, Pie Charts, Histograms, Frequency Polygons, Ogives (CDFs), or Scatter Diagrams. 5.2.7 SPCEX Main Menu Option G: ON-LINE DOCUMENTATION. Option G provides on-line documentation about SPC EXpert. When option G is selected, the following hypertext screen will appear: SPC EXpert : ON-LINE DOCUMENTATION (G) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 께께께께께꽃袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴뺘께께께 �袴袴袴袴袴� ON LINE DOCUMENTATION 뵨袴敲께 붚컴컴컴컴캤 봬커 � � 볐 � >HELP< - Click on the >HELP< or Press Enter to learn � � � � 볐 --------� how to operate the hypertext help system. � � � � 볐 Raw Data� � � � � 볐 � (X.Y.Z) SPC EXpert menu navigation notation. 틇 � � � 볐 Chart Ty� � � � � 볐 � A. SPC EXpert Licensing Information � � � � 볐 � B. SPC EXpert Custom Enhancement Services � � � � 볐 Valid Ch� C. Technical/Customer Support � � � � 볐 � D. Addressing email feedback � � � � 볐 � E. Planned Enhancements to SPC EXpert � � � � 볐 Analysis� F. SPC Abbreviations � � � � 볐 # Patter� G. SPC Definitions � � � � 봉컴컴컴컴캤 H. SPC EXpert system overview 봬켸 � � 훤袴袴袴袴故 I. Data File Formats 뵨袴暠 � � � J. Graphs/Diagrams Overview � � 께께께께께껼 K. Control Charts Overview 볏께께께 께께께께께껼 L. On line SPC EXpert User's Manual 볏께께께 께께께께께꽂袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴섣께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) Level : 1 Each selection in the ON-LINE DOCUMENTATION displays several pages of text relating to a particular subject or software feature. 5.2.8 SPCEX Main Menu Option H: Print/Export Menu. Option H allows you to make a paper print-out of the current chart or diagram. More detailed help on any of the printer option menus is available by pressing . This option may also be used to export SPC EXpert graphs and diagrams to either a Computer Graphics Metafile (CGM) or an Encapsulated PostScript (EPS) File. CGM files can be easily imported into commercial graphics packages such as MicroSoft Powerpoint, MicroSoft Word, WordPerfect, and Harvard Graphics. With software packages such as Harvard Graphics, you can edit individual lines, boxes and text once the diagram is imported. Print/Export Menu (H) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께� 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께� �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴뺘께 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 께 볐�袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께 볐붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � 볐볐 CURRENT PRINTER SETTINGS � � �. Print Graphic � � � 볐볐 ------------------------------ � � �. View Graphic � � � 볐볐 Printer Type : � � C. Printer Type � � � 볐볐 Epson FX/IBM Pro Printer � � D. Print Orientation/Density � � � 볐볐 � � E. I/O Port � � � 볐볐 Orientation/Density : � � F. Advanced Comm Parameters � � � 볐볐 Half Low � � G. Save Printer Settings � � � 볐볐 � � �. Export to CGM Mono File � � � 볐볐 I/O Port : � � �. Export to CGM Color File � � � 볐볐 LPT1 � � �. Export to EPS File � � � 봉볐 � � K. Manually Set Video Mode � � � 훤볐 Video Mode : � � Return To MAIN MENU � � � � 볐 Auto Detect (Recommended) � � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 � � 께봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 께훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � 께� � 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께� � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) 5.2.9 SPCEX Main Menu Option I: Options Menu. Option I allows you to set various parameters which affect the performance and output of SPC EXpert. A detailed description of each option menu and option is provided in Section 8 of this guide. 5.2.10 SPCEX Main Menu Option J: Editor/File Manager. Option J allows you to create data files or to edit any ASCII text file in any (default is \spcex) directory. When Option J is selected, the following screen appears: SPC EXpert : File Manager 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴뺘� 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 볐 CURRENT STATUS � � A. Select Data File � � � 볐 ---------------------------------- � � B. Select Graphic Type � � � 볐 Raw Data File : � � �. View Graphic � � � 볐 � � �. Control Chart Analysis � � � 볐 Chart Type : � � �. View Chart Patterns � � � 볐 while in the editor. A summary of the SPC EXpert editor commands is given below: - Help - Insert Line (When Insert Is ON) UP-ARROW - Up 1 line - Data File Formats DWN-ARROW - Down 1 line -> - Right 1 Character - Delete Line <- - Left 1 Character Delete - Delete Char Backspace - Delete Previous PgUp - Up one page Char PgDn - Down one page Insert - Toggle Between Home - Beginning of Line Insert Mode and End - End of Line Overwrite Mode - Save File and Exit Maximum Lines/Rows : 16000 Esc - Exit Without Save Maximum Columns : 70 5.2.11 SPCEX Main Menu Option K: Shell to DOS. This option allows you to access the DOS Shell while still within SPC EXpert. To return to SPC EXpert, type "Exit' at the DOS prompt. Caution - many DOS applications (such as word processors and spread sheets) may not run when you have shelled out to DOS. This occurs because much of you computer's core memory is being used by SPC EXpert. Also, this option may not work if you are not using MicroSoft DOS because SPC EXpert assumes that your operating system shell program is "command.com". 5.2.12 SPCEX Main Menu Final Option: quit. The last option on the SPCEX Main Menu allows you to exit the program. When this is selected, the question "Exit Program? Yes, No" appears on the screen. The default is "No" so you must selected "yes" to actually exit SPC EXpert. 6. CREATING DATA FILES. To create data files for use with SPC EXpert, start SPC EXpert and select (J.B) -- (select SPCEX MAIN MENU option J, Editor/File Manager, then select B. Create/Edit Any File.) -- A screen will appear asking for the file name. Be sure to include an extension when you enter the filename. The file created will be in ASCII or DOS TEXT format. Different types of control charts within SPC EXpert require slightly different formats for the ASCII file which contains the process data. However, the first four lines of every data file contain the same type of information (MULTIPLE charts are an exception - see 6.10). For all types of charts and diagrams, entries in the data file must be separated by returns. Do not separate entries with commas, etc.! All entries consist of numeric values separated by spaces followed by an (optional) string of characters. The appropriate formats are outlined below. 6.1 First Four Data Lines: Lines 1-4 of each data file (MULTIPLE charts are an exception - see 6.10) may be any string of numbers or characters you desire. The length of each line may be anywhere from 0 to 70 characters followed by a carriage return. These lines may contain all blanks, but must be included. Line 1: Chart Title Line 2: Subtitle Line 3: X (Horizontal) Axis Label Line 4: Y (Vertical) Axis Label 6.2 Run, Moving Range (MR), Individual Moving Range (XMR), Histogram, Frequency Polygon and Ogive (CDF) data file format: After lines 1-4 are completed as shown above, the remaining lines of a Run, MR, XMR, Histogram, Polygon, or CDF file contain the numeric data. All entries consist of a numeric value separated by spaces followed by an optional string of characters and a carriage return. Each data entry is placed on its own line. The length of the file is determined by the number of data entries. SPC EXpert limits the number of entries in a Run, MR, XMR, Histogram, Polygon or Ogive chart to 16000 or less. An example of a Run, MR, XMR, Histogram, Polygon or Ogive data file is shown below: Water Samples EPA X Axis = Sample Number Y Axis = Pollution Rating 27.2 38.7 64.3 52.8 47.6 23.4 33.9 45.0 56.7 41.1 Another example of a RUN, MR, XMR, HISTOGRAM, POLYGON, or CDF data file can be found in the file "run.dmo" which is partially listed below: Drill Hole Diameters <- Blank Subtitle <- Blank X Axis label <- Blank Y Axis label 3.911754 3.961176 4.130550 4.072248 4.106067 3.965233 3.906805 4.053189 4.072954 ... 6.3 XBAR, R, S, XBAR-R, and XBAR-S Chart file formats. There are two possible formats for these types of control charts. The first four lines for both of these formats is the same as described above in Paragraph 6.1. The fifth line of these data files contain the logical group size (this is the size of each sample and must be an integer greater than 1). It is the only entry that appears on line 5. The remaining lines may be coded in one of two ways. If the logical group size is small enough, all entries for each group may be placed on a single line separated by spaces. For example, the data file below depicts measurements of five items for each sample. Pitch Diameter Units of .0001 inch in excess of .4000 inch Sample Number Measurement 5 36 35 34 33 32 Sample 1 31 31 34 32 30 Sample 2 30 30 32 30 32 Sample 3 32 33 33 32 35 Sample 4 The second way to create the data file is to place the measurements for each sample or subgroup on more than one line. The data file below will produce the exact same results as the one above. It is particularly useful when the sample size is too large to fit all sample measurements on a single line. NOTE: The optional "user comment" must be on the same line as the LAST measurement. Pitch Diameter Units of .0001 inch in excess of .4000 inch Sample Number Measurement 5 36 35 34 33 32 Sample 1 31 31 34 32 30 Sample 2 30 30 32 30 32 Sample 3 32 33 33 32 35 Sample 4 Examples of XBAR, R, S, XBAR-R, and XBAR-S data files can be found in the files: "r.dmo" and "s.dmo" 6.4 Bar, Pareto, Pie and Table Data File Format. The Bar, Pie, Pareto charts and Table all use the same file format. Again, the first four lines are the same as described in Paragraph 6.1. The remaining lines contain data consisting of pairs of entries. The first entry of any pair can be any non-negative number, The second entry can be any alpha-numeric and is the classification name for the category that the pair represents. Data files for these charts are limited to 100 pairs of entries. A sample data file is shown below: Highway Fatalities By Vehicle Type Vehicle Type Fatalities 5 Sedans 8 Vans 25 Sports Cars 20 Motorcycles 10 Trucks Another example of a BAR, PARETO, PIE, or TABLE data file can be found the the file "bar.dmo". 6.5 PN Chart File Format. Again, the first four lines contain title and axis information are are described in Paragraph 6.1. All remaining entries in a PN chart data file must be integers. Line 5 contains the fixed sample size. The remaining numeric entries represent the number of defectives (rejects/failures) out of the fixed number of samples. Each entry must appear on its own line followed by an optional string of characters. The length of the PN chart will be one less than the number of entries in the data file. A sample PN data file is shown below: PN Control Chart Lot Size = 200 Production Order Number Number of Rejects 200 23 15 17 15 41 0 25 31 29 0 8 16 Another example of PN chart data is in file "pn.dmo" 6.6 P Chart File Format. Again, the first four lines contain title and axis information and are described in Paragraph 6.1. All remaining entries in a P chart data file must be pairs of integers followed by an optional string of characters and a carriage return. The first integer in each pair represents the sample size. The second integer represents the number of defectives (rejects/failures) in that sample. Only one pair of integers per line is allowed. The length of the P chart will be the number of pairs of entries in the data file. A sample P data file is shown below: P Chart Sample Data File Day Percent Rejected 28 4 27 9 28 3 16 2 26 1 24 1 25 5 20 5 25 14 14 1 Another example of P chart data is in file "p.dmo" 6.7 C Chart File Format. Again, the first four lines contain title and axis information are described in Paragraph 6.1. All remaining entries in a C chart data file must be integers. Only one entry per line followed by an optional string of characters is allowed. Each entry represents the number of defects (errors) in a sample of fixed size/weight/length/etc. The length of the C chart will be the number of entries in the data file. A sample C data file is shown below: C Chart Sample Data File Sample number Number of Alignment Errors 7 6 6 7 4 7 8 12 9 9 Another example of C chart data is in file "c.dmo" 6.8 U Chart File Format. Again, the first four lines contain title and axis information are described in Paragraph 6.1. All remaining entries in a U chart data file must be pairs of integers. Only one pair followed by an optional string of Characters is allowed per line. The first integer in each pair can be either an integer or a real number and represents the sample size or length or weight, etc. The second entry must be an integer and represents the number of defectives (rejects/failures) in that sample. The length of the U chart will be the number of pairs of entries in the data file. A sample U data file is shown below: U Chart # Typos in Daily Calendar Day Typos per Word 150 2 100 1 120 0 140 3 200 6 120 1 Another example of U chart data is in file "u.dmo" 6.9 Scatter Diagram data File Format. Again, the first four lines contain title and axis information are described in Paragraph 6.1. All remaining entries in a Scatter Diagram data file are numeric and consists of pairs of entries. Only one pair followed by an optional string of Characters is allowed per line. Both entries in each pair can be any number, integer or real. The first number in each pair will be displayed on the horizontal axis (x-axis) and the second on the vertical (y-axis). A scatter diagram is limited to 16000 pairs of entries. A sample Scatter Diagram data file is shown below: Scatter Diagram Sample Data File Time Spent With Clients Number of Houses Sold 40 15 58 14 33 12 65 20 80 26 80 26 56 14 30 12 33 12 90 30 72 22 Another example of SCATTER diagram data is in file "scat.dmo" 6.10 Multiple Data File Format. SPC EXpert allows you to design custom charts by putting up to 6 separate graphs in a single multiple graph. The graphs are automatically sized and placed unless otherwise specified. The first two lines for these files contain the multiple chart title and subtitle. The length of each line may be anywhere from 0 to 70 characters followed by a carriage return. Multiple data files do not have X-axis and Y-axis labels. Beginning on the third line, the multiple file consists of filename and chart-type pairs. A multiple file may contain up to 6 pairs. A sample is shown below: Multiple Graph Samaple Data File bar.dmo BAR bar.dmo PARETO bar.dmo PIE bar.dmo TABLE Several other files in the SPC EXpert disk produce MULTIPLE CHARTS: "multi3.dmo" "multi2.dmo" "multi1.dmo" Caution - Some types of charts do not reproduce well when shrunk to fit on a multiple chart page. It is a good idea to view the chart before sending it to the printer make sure the output is legible. 7. PC LAN Capability. SPC EXpert is Multiple Simultaneous-User PC LAN Capable. The concept of PC LAN operation for SPC EXpert is that the software will be installed as described in the installation instructions onto a (possibly read only) shared drive on the file server. The LAN users will start up SPC EXpert while in their personal directory. The following hypothetical example will illustrate how to set up and access SPC EXpert on a PC LAN. S: is the shared drive which is read only to everyone except for the system manager. Note that it is not necessary that S: be read-only. Y: is (to a LAN user) a home (personal) directory on the file server. C: is the user's hard disk drive. The LAN Manager installs SPC EXpert into the directory S:\SPCEX as described in Section 2. If S: is read-only to the LAN users, the LAN Manager must execute SPC EXpert once while still in the S:\SPCEX subdirectory as described in Section 4. This is necessary to create some permanent working files on the S:\SPCEX subdirectory. The LAN Manager should then create a batch file ("lan.bat" or whatever) for the LAN users to use to call up SPC EXpert. "LAN.BAT" should appear as follows: Y: md Y:\spcdata cd Y:\spcdata S:\spcex\spcex -a or C: md C:\spcdata cd C:\spcdata S:\spcex\spcex -a All user data files and temporary work files will be placed in the user's personal directory (Y:\spcdata or C:\spcdata). 8. OPTIONS MENU The Options Menu appears when you select SPCEX Main Menu feature "I". It allows you to set various parameters which affect the output and/or performance of SPC EXpert. The SPC EXpert options menu appears as below. SPC EXpert - Options Menu (I) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께�袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께께께께께께께께� �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴故 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � A. Control Charts � � 컴컴컴컴컴커 � � 볐 CURRENT ST� � B. Distribution Graphs � � File � � � 볐 -------------------� � C. PIE/BAR/PARETO/TABLE � � ic Type � � � 볐 Raw Data File : � � D. Scatter Diagrams � � � � � 볐 � � E. Process Specifications � � t Analysis � � � 볐 Chart Type : � � F. Data File Formats � � atterns � � � 볐 � � G. Fonts & Font Sizes � � ltation � � � 볐 � � H. Titles/Stats/etc � � mentation � � � 볐 Valid Chart? : � � I. Saving/Recalling Options � � � � � 볐 � � J. Display Current Options � � � � � 볐 � � Return to Main Menu � � e Manager � � � 볐 Analysis � � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � � � 볐 # Patterns 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � � � 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� 컴컴컴컴컴켸 � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 � � � 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) 8.A A. Control Charts (I.A) This allows you to set parameters which affect the statistical calculations and appearance of all control charts. Be sure to read the detailed context-sensitive help available on-line by pressing . SPC EXpert - Control Chart Options Menu (I.A) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴뺘� 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 볐 CONTROL CHART OPTIONS � � A. Range to Display � � � 볐 ------------------------------ � � B. Range to Calc Control Limits � � � 볐 � � C. Range for Stats/Regression � � � 볐 Display Range : ALL � � D. Method for Center Line � � � 볐 Limits Range : ALL � � E. Method for Control Limits � � � 볐 Stats Range : ALL � � F. Dist Graph to Display � � � 볐 Center Line : Mean (Average) � � G. X-Axis Labeling Convention � � � 볐 Control Limits : TABLE Look-up � � H. Y-Axis Labeling Convention � � � 볐 Dist Function : NONE � � I. Control Limits/Zones � � � 볐 X Axis Labeling : NONE � � J. Process Specs ON � � � 볐 Y Axis Labeling : UCL & LCL � � K. Linear Regression ON � � � 볐 Limits/Zones : UCL & LCL � � L. Eliminate Outliers ON � � � 볐 Show Specifications : OFF � � M. MIN Lengths for Analysis � � � 볐 Show Regression Line : OFF � � Return to OPTIONS MENU � � � 볐 Eliminate Outliers : OFF � � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 � � � 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) A. Range to Display (I.A.A) [default: ALL] - You may select the range of data to be displayed on the output. A maximum of 16000 data points may be displayed at one time for any control chart. The practical limit for most video monitors is about 200-300 data points. The graphic output is scaled to accommodate the data ranges. The following choices are available: A. All (I.A.A.A) - Display the entire control chart B. Last N (I.A.A.B) - Display the most recent N (user provided) data points. You will be prompted to enter a value for N. C. Range a to b (I.A.A.C) - Display a range of data points where you provide the start and end data indices to be displayed. The first data point has index 1. You will be prompted to enter the values for indices a and b. B. Range to Calc Control Limits (I.A.B) [default: ALL] - You may set what range of data is used in the calculation of the control limits (upper & lower limits, center line, Cp, Cpl, Cpu, Cpk, and percent in-spec). The display of these statistics may be turned on/off using selection I.H.C. The control chart process specifications (I.A.J) must be turned ON to display the in-spec and capability statistics. The following choices are available: A. All (I.A.B.A) - Use all of the data points to calculate the control limits. B. First M (I.A.B.B) - Use the first M (user provided) data points for control limits. You will be prompted to enter a value for M. This can be used tp stop recalculating the control limits after the first M process measurements - thus the addition of more data entries will not cause the control limits to be constantly re- calculated. C. Range a to b (I.A.B.C) - Use a user provided range to calculate the control limits. The first data point has index 1. You will be prompted to enter the values for indices a and b. D. Same as DISPLAY (I.A.B.D) - Calculate the control limits using the data in the DISPLAY (I.A) range. C. Range for Stats/Regression (I.A.C) [default: ALL] - You may set the range of data used to calculate standard statistics and linear regression. The standard statistics display may be turned on/off using selection I.H.C. This range is also the range of data used for the automated control chart ANALYSIS - selection D. The following choices are available: A. All (I.A.C.A) - Calculate statistics and perform chart analysis on ALL data points in the control chart. B. Range a to b (I.A.C.B) - Calculate statistics and perform chart analysis using the data points in a user provide range and data point indices. The first data point in the control chart has index 1. You will be prompted to enter values for a and b. C. Same as LIMITS (I.A.C.C) - Calculate statistics and perform chart analysis using data points in the LIMITS (I.A.B) range. D. Same as DISPLAY (I.A.C.D) - Calculate statistics and perform chart analysis using data points in the DISPLAY (I.A.A) range. D. Method for Center Line (I.A.D) [default: Mean] - You may select the method used to determine the center line using data in the Limits Range (I.A.B). The center line can be determined using the mean, median or a user specified value. The following choices are available: A. Mean (Average) (I.A.D.A) - Use the average of the data points in the LIMITS range to calculate the center line. This is the most common method used to determine the process center line. B. Median (I.A.D.B) - Use the median of the data points in the LIMITS range to calculate the center line. This method is often used to minimize the effect of outliers and unusual data values on the process center calculation. The median is the value for which an equal number of data values fall above and below. C. User Defined (I.A.D.C) - Use a value you provide as the process center. THIS METHOD IS NOT RECOMMENDED! Use at your own risk! E. Method for Control Limits (I.A.E) [default: TABLE] - You may select the method used to calculate the control limits using data in the Limits Range (I.A.B). The follwoing choices are available: A. TABLE look-up (I.A.E.A) - This approximates the control limits from statistical tables or formulas. This is the traditional method used to calculate control limits. In cases where your process may be out of control in the LIMITS range, this method is recommended. B. 3*Sigma(N) (I.A.E.B) - This approximates the control limits using +- 3 standard deviations with N degrees of freedom. This method should only be used to calculate control limits, IF YOU ARE CERTAIN THAT YOUR PROCESS IS STABLE AND IN CONTROL in the LIMITS range. C. 3*Sigma(N-1) (I.A.E.C) - This approximates the control limits using +- 3 standard deviations with N-1 degrees of freedom. This method should only be used to calculate control limits, IF YOU ARE CERTAIN THAT YOUR PROCESS IS STABLE AND IN CONTROL in the LIMITS range. D. M*Sigma(N) (I.A.E.D) - This approximates the control limits using +- M standard deviations with N degrees of freedom - where you are prompted for the value of M. This method should only be used to calculate control limits, IF YOU ARE CERTAIN THAT YOUR PROCESS IS STABLE AND IN CONTROL in the LIMITS range. This is commonly used with M<3 in an attempt to reduce the variability of a stable, in-control process. E. M*Sigma(N-1) (I.A.E.E) - This approximates the control limits using +- M standard deviations with N-1 degrees of freedom - where you are prompted for the value of M. This method should only be used to calculate control limits, IF YOU ARE CERTAIN THAT YOUR PROCESS IS STABLE AND IN CONTROL in the LIMITS range. This is commonly used with M<3 in an attempt to reduce the variability of a stable, in-control process. F. 3*User-Defined-Sigma (I.A.E.F) - This approximates the control limits using +- 3 times a standard deviation you provide. This method might be used in an attempt to reduce the variability of a stable, in-control process. Several types of short run control charts (WAIT FOR NEXT RELEASE OF SPC EXpert) eliminate any need for this though. F. Dist Graph to Display (I.A.F) [default: none] - You may display a data distribution function on a control chart. The following choices are available: A. none (I.A.F.A) - Do not display any distribution graphic. B. Histogram (I.A.F.B) - Display a HISTOGRAM of the chart values in the STATS range. For an XBAR chart, this will reflect the distribution of the sample averages. C. Frequency Polygon (I.A.F.C) - Display a POLYGON of the chart values in the STATS range. For an XBAR chart, this will reflect the distribution of the sample averages. D. Ogive (CDF) (I.A.F.D) - Display a CDF of the chart values in the STATS range. For an XBAR chart, this will reflect the distribution of the sample averages. E. Individuals Histogram (I.A.F.E) - Display a HISTOGRAM of the individual data values in the STATS range. For an XBAR chart, this will reflect the distribution of the individual data samples. F. Individuals Polygon (I.A.F.F) - Display a POLYGON of the individual data values in the STATS range. For an XBAR chart, this will reflect the distribution of the individual data samples. G. Individuals Ogive (CDF) (I.A.F.G) - Display a CDF of the individual data values in the STATS range. For an XBAR chart, this will reflect the distribution of the individual data samples. G. X-Axis Labeling Convention (I.A.G) [default: none] - You may select the type of label for the X (horizontal) Axis. A. none (I.A.G.A) - Do not print labels along the X-axis. B. User Defined Strings (I.A.G.B) - Displays the strings (possibly empty if none provided) that you provide in the comment field of the data file. If you provide no comments in the data file, then this will appear exactly as X-axis lable option none (I.A.G.A). C. Values of Data Points (I.A.G.C) - Displays the actual value of the data point in the chart. This value is the actual number plotted above/below the X-Axis -- for XBAR charts this value will be the sample average, for P charts the fraction defective, etc. D. Data point indices (1,2,...N) (I.A.G.D) - Labels the X-Axis with sequential integers beginning with 1. These integer indices coorespond to the indices you provide in the DISPLAY range (I.A.A), LIMITS range (I.A.B), and the STATS range (I.A.C). H. Y-Axis Labeling Convention (I.A.H) [default: UCL & LCL] - You may select the type of label for the Y (vertical) Axis. A. none (I.A.H.A) - Do not label the Y axis. B. UCL & LCL only (I.A.H.B) - Label only the Centerline and the upper (UCL) and lower (LCL) control limits. The values for the LCL and UCL will be part of these labels. C. Graduated Scale (I.A.H.C) - Label the Center line, UCL, LCL, and intermediate values (one and two sigma) on the Y Axis. The values will be part of these labels. I. Control Limits/Zones (I.A.I) [default: UCL & LCL] - You may specify what control limit markings are plotted on a control chart besides the center line. A. none (I.A.G.A) - Display the center line only. B. UCL only (I.A.G.B) - Display the center line and UCL (upper control limit) only. C. LCL only (I.A.G.C) - Display the center line and LCL (lower control limit) only. D. UCL & LCL (I.A.G.D) - Display the center line, UCL (upper control limit) and LCL (lower control limit). E. zones (I.A.G.E) - Display the center line, UCL (upper control limit), LCL (lower control limit), and the "1-sigma" and "2-sigma" lines above and below the center line. These vertical ranges are often called "zones": -1 to +1 sigma : ZONE C -2 to -1 sigma & +1 to +2 sigma : ZONE B -3 to -2 sigma & +2 to +3 sigma : ZONE A J. Process Specs ON/OFF (I.A.J) [default: OFF] - You may use this selection to toggle ON/OFF the current process specifications. Process specifications may be set using selection I.E. When this is ON, the process specifications are graphically displayed on the control chart. Capability statistics are displayed when Process Specs (I.A.J) and Summary Stats (I.H.C) are BOTH "ON". K. Linear Regression ON/OFF (I.A.K) [default: OFF] - This allows you to plot (or not) the linear regression line calculated from the data points in the Stats Range (I.A.C) on control charts. The default setting is "OFF". L. Eliminate Outliers ON/OFF (I.A.L) [default: OFF] - You may designate any data points in a data file for control charts as "outliers" When eliminate outliers is ON, points defined as outliers will be highlighted and will not be used in the calculations. The default setting is "OFF". M. MIN Lengths for Analysis (I.A.M) - You may use this to set the minimum length required for each control chart out-of-control condition to be reported after the automatic control chart analysis (selection D). The following choices are available: A. run (I.A.M.A) [default: 7] - A run is and sequence of points which all fall on the same side of the center line. A process which is in control (only natural causes of variation) should have values randomly above and below the centerline. B. inc_trend (I.A.M.B) [default: 7] - An increasing trend is a sequence of points for which each is higher/larger than the previous. A process which is in control (only natural causes of variation) should have values which are randomly above and below the preceeding value. C. dec_trend (I.A.M.C) [default: 7] - A decreasing trend is a sequence of points for which each is lower/smaller than the previous. A process which is in control (only natural causes of variation) should have values which are randomly above and below the preceeding value. D. shift_up (I.A.M.D) [default: 10] - A shift-up is a sequence of points for which the first half is below the center line and the second half is above the center line. A process which is in control (only natural causes of variation) should have values which are randomly above and below the center line. E. shift_down (I.A.M.E) [default: 10] - A shift-down is a sequence of points for which the first half is above the center line and the second half is below the center line. A process which is in control (only natural causes of variation) should have values which are randomly above and below the center line. F. cyclic (I.A.M.F) [default: 10] - A cycle is a sequence of points which alternate up and down. A process which is in control (only natural causes of variation) should have values which are randomly above and below the preceeding value. G. mixture (I.A.M.G) [default: 10] - A mixture is a sequence of points which are more than 1 sigma above or below the center line. A normally distributed process which is in control (only natural causes of variation) should have about 68% of its values within +- 1 sigma (standard deviation) of its average (mean). H. stratification (I.A.M.H) [default: 10] - Stratification is a sequence of points which are all within +- 1 sigma of the center line. A normally distributed process which is in control (only natural causes of variation) should have about 32% of its values more than 1 sigma (standard deviation) above or below its average (mean). Return to OPTIONS MENU - Use this option (or ESC or RIGHT-MOUSE-BUTTON or ) to return to the SPC EXpert options menu (selection I). 8.B B. Distribution Graphs This allows you to set parameters which affect the statistical calculations and appearance of HISTOGRAMS, frequency POLYGONS, and CDFs. SPC EXpert - Distribution Graph Options Menu (I.B) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께�袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께께께께께께께께� �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴故 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � A. Control Charts � � 컴컴컴컴컴커 � � 볐 CURRENT ST� � B. Distribution Graphs � � File � � � 볐 -------------------� � C. PIE/BAR/PARETO/TABLE � � ic Type � � � 볐 Raw Data File : � � D. Scatter Diagrams � � � � � �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � � 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � � 볐 DISTRIBUTION GRAPH OPTIONS � � A. Show Process Specs ON � � � � 볐 <<<<<<<---------------->>>>>>> � � B. Eliminate Outliers ON � � � � 볐 � � C. Show Mean ON � � � � 볐 Show Process Specifications : OFF � � D. Show Median ON � � � � 볐 Eliminate Outliers : OFF � � E. Standard Dist Display � � � � 볐 Plot Mean (Average) : OFF � � F. Number of Bins � � � � 볐 Plot Median : OFF � � Return to OPTIONS Menu � � � � 볐 Data Bins : AUTO � � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 � � � 볐 Display Dist Function : NONE � � � � 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴暠 께� � 께� 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) A. Show Process Specs ON/OFF (I.B.A) [default: OFF] - Use this selection to toggle ON/OFF the process specifications option for distribution graphs. The process specifications for all tools is set using the PROCESS SPECIFICATIONS MENU (selection I.E). When ON, the process specifications will be displayed over the distribution graphic. When SUMMARY STATS is turned ON (selection I.H.C) AND this is ON, capability statistics (Cp, Cpk, Cpu, Cpl, etc.) will be displayed in the statistics summary box on the graphic. B. Eliminate Outliers ON/OFF (I.B.B) [default: OFF] - When this is ON, all data points marked as user defined outliers (e.g. !45 or ! 0.335) in the data file, will not be used to calculate any statistics or create the distribution graphic. C. Show Mean ON/OFF (I.B.C) [default: OFF] - When this is ON, the mean (average) of the data values will be overlaid on the distribution graphic. D. Show Median ON/OFF (I.B.D) [default: OFF] - When this is ON, the median of the data values will be overlaid on the distribution graphic. E. Standard Dist Display (I.B.E) [default: none] - You may overlay a standard frequency distribution function on the distribution graphic. A. None. Does not overlay a frequency distribution. B. Uniform (best guess)* C. Exponential (best guess)* D. Normal (best guess)* E. LogNormal (best guess)* F. Gamma (best guess) Not available. G. Uniform(a,b) H. Exponential(mu) I. Normal(mu, sigma) J. LogNormal(mu,sigma) K. Gamma(alpha, theta) Not available. L. Weibull(1,beta,gamma) * Best guess is based on estimates calculated from the data in the data files. F. Number of Bins (I.B.F) [default: auto] - You may select how many data groups or bins are used to arrange the data. The maximum is 20, minimum 1, and an auto select option is provided/recommended. 8.C C. PIE/BAR/PARETO/TABLE This allows you to set parameters which affect the statistical calculations and appearance of PIE charts, BAR graphs, PARETO diagrams, and data TABLES. A. Data Label Type (I.C.A) [default: frequency] - This allows you to specify how the PIE, BAR,PARETO, and TABLE charts are labeled with the data values. The choices available are listed below: A. none (I.C.A.A) - This eliminates the data labels from the output. B. frequency (I.C.A.B) - This labels the bar or slice with the actual number of occurances for each data group. C. percentage (I.C.A.C) - This labels the bar or slice with the percent of total represented by each data group. 8.D D. Scatter Diagrams This allows you to set parameters which affect the statistical calculations and appearance of SCATTER DIAGRAMS. SPC EXpert - Scatter Diagram Options Menu (I.D) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께� 께께께께께께께께께께께�袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께께께께께께께께께 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴故 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께� 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � A. Control Charts � � 컴컴컴컴컴커 � 께 볐 CURRENT ST� � B. Distribution Graphs � � File � � 께 �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � � 볐 SCATTER DIAGRAM OPTIONS � � A. Show X Process Specs ON � � � 볐 <<<<<<<-------------------->>>>>>> � � B. Show Y Process Specs ON � � � 볐 � � C. Eliminate Outliers ON � � � 볐 Show X Process Specs : OFF � � D. Show X Mean ON � � � 볐 Show Y Process Specs : OFF � � E. Show X Median ON � � � 볐 Eliminate Outliers : OFF � � F. Show Y Mean ON � � � 볐 Plot X Mean (Average) : OFF � � G. Show Y Median ON � � � 볐 Plot X Median : OFF � � H. Regression Line ON � � � 볐 Plot Y Mean (Average) : OFF � � I. Data Dist Graph Menu � � � 볐 Plot Y Median : OFF � � Return to OPTIONS Menu � � � 볐 Regression Line : OFF � � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 � � 볐 Dist Func to Display : NONE � � � 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � � � 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께� � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) A. Show X Process Specs ON/OFF (I.D.A) [default: OFF] - This allows you to plot (or not) the X Process specifications on the scatter diagram. You can set the X process specs using the PROCESS SPECIFICATIONS menu (selection I.E). X Capability statistics (Cp, Cpk, Cpl, Cpu, etc.) are displayed when both Process Specs (I.D.A) is ON and Summary Stats (I.H.C) is ON. B. Show Y Process Specs ON/OFF (I.D.B) [deault: OFF] - This allows you to plot (or not) the Y Process specifications on the scatter diagram. You can set the Y process specs using the PROCESS SPECIFICATIONS menu (selection I.E). Y Capability statistics (Cp, Cpk, Cpl, Cpu, etc.) are displayed when both Process Specs (I.D.A) is ON and Summary Stats (I.H.C) is ON. C. Eliminate Outliers ON/OFF (I.D.C) [deault: OFF] - You can designate any data points in the data file for the scatter diagram as "outliers" (e.g. ! 25 10, etc.). When eliminate outliers is ON, points defined as outliers will be highlighted and will not be used in the calculations. D. Show X Mean ON/OFF (I.D.D) [deault: OFF] - You may choose to plot or not the mean (average) of the X values on the scatter diagram. E. Show X Median ON/OFF (I.D.E) [deault: OFF] - You may choose to plot or not the median of the X values on the scatter diagram. F. Show Y Mean ON/OFF (I.D.F) [deault: OFF] - You may choose to plot or not the mean (average) of the Y values on the scatter diagram. G. Show Y Median ON/OFF (I.D.G) [deault: OFF] - You may choose to plot or not the median of the Y values on the scatter diagram. H. Regression Line ON/OFF (I.D.H) [deault: OFF] - This option allows you to plot (or not) the linear regression line calculated from the data points in the data file. Regression statistics (r-squared, F-test, t-test, regression coefficients, etc.) are displayed when both Scatter Diagram regression (I.D.H) is ON and Summary Stats (I.H.C) is ON. I. Data Dist Graph Menu (I.D.I) [default: none] - This feature allows you to select a data distribution function (HISTOGRAM, POLYGON, or CDF) to display along with the scatter diagram. Two distribution graphics are displayed - one for the X values and one for the Y values. 8.E E. Process Specifications This menu allows you to set upper and lower SPECIFICATION limits. These specification limits are used for process capability statistics in control charts, distribution graphs, and scatter diagrams. SPC EXpert - Process Specifications Menu (I.E) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 께께께께께께께께께께께�袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께께께께께께께께께� �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴故 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 袴袴袴袴袴袴敲께께 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � A. Control Charts � � 컴컴컴컴컴커 � 께� 볐 CURRENT ST� � B. Distribution Graphs � � File � � 께� �袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴敲� 붚컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴커 � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 볐 SPECIFICATIONS SETTINGS � � A. USL � � 볐 <<<<<<<-------------------->>>>>>> � � B. LSL � � 볐 � � C. Nominal � � 볐 USL : 0.000000 � � D. USL (Y) Scatter Only � � 볐 LSL : 0.000000 � � E. LSL (Y) Scatter Only � � 볐 nominal : 0.000000 � � F. Nominal (Y) Scatter Only � � 볐 USL (Y) Scatter Only : 0.000000 � � G. Pop Sigma Est. Type � � 볐 LSL (Y) Scatter Only : 0.000000 � � Return to OPTIONS Menu � � 볐 nominal (Y) Scatter Only : 0.000000 � � 컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴� � 볐 � � 볐 Population Sigma Estimate Type : � � 볐 Pop Sigma(n-1) � � 봉컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴컴켸 � 훤袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴� � 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) A. USL (I.E.A) [default: 0.0] - Use this to set the USL for all control charts, Histograms, Polygons, CDFs (Ogives), and the X variable on scatter diagrams. Any number from -10^7 to +10^7 may be entered. B. LSL (I.E.B) [default: 0.0] - Use this to set the LSL for all control charts, Histograms, Polygons, CDFs (Ogives), and the X variable on scatter diagrams. Any number from -10^7 to +10^7 may be entered. C. Nominal (I.E.C) [default: 0.0] - Use this to set the nominal process value for all control charts, Histograms, Polygons, CDFs (Ogives), and the X variable on scatter diagrams. Any number from -10^7 to +10^7 may be entered. *** This is not used in this version of SPC EXpert. D. USL (Y) Scatter Only (I.E.D) [default: 0.0] - Use this to set the USL value for the Y variable on scatter diagrams. Any number from -10^7 to +10^7 may be entered. E. LSL (Y) Scatter Only (I.E.E) [default: 0.0] - Use this to set the LSL value for the Y variable on scatter diagrams. Any number from -10^7 to +10^7 may be entered. F. Nominal (Y) Scatter Only (I.E.F) [default: 0.0] - Use this to set the nominal process value for the Y variable on scatter diagrams. Any number from -10^7 to +10^7 may be entered. *** This is not used in this version of SPC EXpert. G. Pop Sigma Est. Type (I.E.G) [default: sigma(n-1)] - You may select the method used to estimate the population standard deviation when calculating capability statistics. The following options are available: A. Table Lookup (I.E.G.A) - This method approximates the standard deviation of the population using statistical tables or formulas commonly cited in textbooks. B. Pop Sigma(n) (I.E.G.B) - This method approximates the standard deviation of the population using the standard deviation of the individual samples with n degrees of freedom. C. Pop Sigma(n-1) (I.E.G.C) - This method approximates the standard deviation of the population using the standard deviation of the individual samples with n-1 degrees of freedom. D. User Defined (I.E.G.D) - This method allows you to directly specify the standard deviation of the population. This method is NOT RECOMMENDED! Use at your own risk. 8.F F. Data File Formats This option has been included in SPC EXpert to accomadate future enhancements which include the ability to import data from DBase-type database files. The following data file formats are supported: A. SPC EXpert Format (I.F.A) - This is the data file format described in the SPC EXpert software users manual. B. USAF SPC 1.1 Format (I.F.B) - This is the data file format used in the Air Force's Statistical Process Control Software (SPC Version 1.1 - March 1992). SPC Version 1.1 is available only to Department of Defense Agencies. C. USAF SPC 1.2 Format (I.F.C) - This is the data file format used in the Air Force's Statistical Process Control Software (SPC Version 1.2 - October 1992). SPC Version 1.2 is available only to Department of Defense Agencies. *** SPC EXpert's data file formats were patterned directly after the USAF SPC 1.2 raw data file formats. 8.G G. Fonts & Font Sizes This allows you to select the font sizes and types to be used for the titles and axis labels on all graphics. The following options are available: A. Titles Font (I.G.A) [default: Stroked Small] - You may select the type of text font used in the title and subtitle of all graphics. The following fonts are available: A. 8x8 bit-mapped B. Stroked triplex C. Stroked small D. Stroked sans-serif E. Stroked gothic B. Titles Font Size (I.G.B) [default: Auto] - You may select the type of text font used in the title and subtitle of all graphics. The sizes available include: "0. Auto" or "1 - 10". "Auto" selects the font size to fit the title length to the screen width and height. "1" - "10" determines the relative size of the font from small ("1") to large ("10"). C. Axes Labels Font (I.G.C) [default: Stroked Small] - You may select the type of text font used in the X and Y axis labels of all graphics. The following fonts are available: A. 8x8 bit-mapped B. Stroked triplex C. Stroked small D. Stroked sans-serif E. Stroked gothic D. Axes Labels Font Sizes (I.G.D) [default: Auto] - You may select the type of text font used in the X and Y axis labels of all graphics. The sizes available include: "0. Auto" or "1 - 10". "Auto" selects the font size to fit the title length to the screen width and height. "1" - "10" determines the relative size of the font from small ("1") to large ("10"). 8.H H. Titles/Stats/etc This allows you to set parameters which affect all types of charts and diagrams. These include: A. Titles ON/OFF (I.H.A) [default: ON] - Use this option to toggle ON/OFF the display of the Title and subtitle for all charts and diagrams. B. Enhanced Print ON/OFF (I.H.B) [default: OFF] - Use this option to toggle ON/OFF the display of detailed information for all charts and diagrams. This information includes such things as file name, file date, chart type, print date, etc. C. Summary Stats ON/OFF (I.H.C) [default: OFF] - Use this option to toggle ON/OFF the display of a summary statistics box on the graphic of all charts and diagrams. *** This option must be ON to view any of the specialized statistics such as regression and capability stats. D. Sound ON/OFF (I.H.D) [default: ON] - Use this option to toggle ON/OFF the sound in SPC EXpert. 8.I I. Options Files Allows you to save and recall your options settings. Current and past settings for options may be saved and recalled for future use using this menu. In particular, you can use this menu to save the current options settings to a named (provided by you) file (I.I.B) which can be later specifically referenced in a data file ( * on first line ). These include: A. Save Options for Start-ups (I.I.A) - This feature saves the current option settings to a default "options file" which is loaded every time you start the program. The default options file contains the option default settings until you change it using this option (I.I.A). B. Save Options to File (I.I.B) - Current option settings may also be saved to an "options file" named by you. This file can be used with Multiple Chart files to display the output using the specified options file. If the special "options file" is to be used for all charts/graphs in the Multiple Chart, the filename would appear in the first line with an asterisk next to it. For example, if the special "options file" is called "notitles.cfg", a Multiple Chart file may look like this: *notitles.cfg Title Subtitle bar.dmo TABLE bar.dmo BAR bar.dmo PARETO bar.dmo PIE If the special "options file" is to be used for a specific chart or graph the file name is entered after the chart type. The Multiple Chart data file may look like this: Title Subtitle bar.dmo TABLE bar.dmo BAR bar.dmo PARETO notitles.cfg bar.dmo PIE C. Load Start-up Options (I.I.C) - Use this to load the Start-up options file. This is the file updated using selection (I.I.A). D. Load Options from File (I.I.D) - Current options settings may also be saved to an "Options" file that you name/create (I.I.B). Use this option to load a user-defined options file. E. Reset Options to Defaults (I.I.E) - You may also easily reset all the options to the original SPCEX software default settings using this selection. This is particularly useful if you have changed a lot of options and want to start over with the default settings. *** This does not affect the options settings in the Start-up options file that are loaded when the program is re-started. You must save the default settings (I.I.A) after resetting the options to their defaul to change the start-up settings. 8.J J. Display Current Options (I.J) Use this to display the current options settings. The following scrollable hypertext screen will appear. Selected the highlighted options values to learn more about each option. SPC EXpert - Current Options Settings (I.J) 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 께께께께께�袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴뺘께께� �袴袴袴袴故 <<<<<<<< CURRENT OPTIONS SETTINGS >>>>>>>> 뵨袴뺘� 붚컴컴컴컴� 봬� � � 볐 � Control Chart Options Settings > � � � � 볐 -------� Display Range Type : ALL � � � � 볐 Raw Dat� Limits Range Type : ALL � � � � 볐 � Stats Range Type : ALL � � � � 볐 Chart T� Center Line Type : Mean (Average) � � � � 볐 � Control Limits Type : TABLE Look-up � � � � 볐 � Distribution Function to Display : NONE � � � � 볐 Valid C� X Axis Labeling : NONE � � � � 볐 � Y Axis Labeling : UCL & LCL Only � � � � 볐 � Limits/Zones Displayed : UCL & LCL � � � � 볐 Analysi� Show Process Specifications : OFF � � � � 볐 # Patte� Show Regression Line : OFF � � � � 봉컴컴컴컴� Eliminate (User Defined) Outliers : OFF 봬� � � 훤袴袴袴袴� MINIMUM Pattern Lengths for Analysis : 뵨袴� � � � run : 7 � � 께께께께께� inc_trend : 7 볏께께� 께께께께께훤Home End袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴袴Scroll: PgUp PgDn袴섣께께� 께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께께 � Prev (Esc) � Save To File (F3) � Exit (F2) � Help (F1) Level : 1 8.R Return to Main Menu (I.R) Use this option to return to the SPEX MAIN MENU. You may also press the or key or right mouse button to return. 9. COMMON PROBLEMS / QUESTIONS P1. Main Menu options C,D,E,F and Printer Options A,B,F,G,H are blacked out and I cannot select them. This means that a valid data-file/chart-type combination has not been selected using Main Menu Options A and B. That is, their is nothing to view or print. P2. Main Menu Options D,E,F are blacked out (C is available) This means that the chart-type that you have selected using Main Menu Option B is not a control chart. Main Menu Options D,E,F are for control charts only. P3. My mouse does not work. If you have a mouse, this means that either the mouse is not connected or the mouse driver has not been loaded into memory. First, make sure that your mouse is connected. To load your mouse driver, you need to execute once (from DOS) the "mouse.com" program which came with the mouse before starting SPC EXpert. NOTE: MicroSoft Windows uses its own mouse drivers and does not require the "mouse.com" program to be executed. If your mouse works in windows but not in SPC EXpert, you will need to execute the "mouse.com" program once before starting SPC EXpert. This can easily be done from a batch file as illustrated below: cd c:\mouse1 mouse.com cd c:\spcex spcex -a P4. I get the error message "malloc error ..." This message means that your computer does not have enough core memory available to execute SPC EXpert. SPC EXpert requires 375K of free core memory to execute. You can check the amount of free core memory available by looking at the last line produced when you execute the "chkdsk" command from DOS. P4. I get the SPC EXpert menus but my monitor does not display the charts and diagrams. This problem is common in computers which have dual VGA/EGA graphics cards. When this occurs, you will see erratic lines across the screen instead of the intended chart or diagram. To fix this problem, you need to manually set the video mode using option (H.J.*) -- From SPCEX MAIN MENU select "H. Print/Export Menu" and then PRINT/EXPORT MENU option "J. Manually Set Video Mode". At this point you will be given a choice of video modes such as "CGA LOW", "EGA HIGH", etc. Select the video mode appropriate for your monitor. The video mode is saved along with the printer settings. Therefore, to save the video mode that you have selected for the next time you start SPC EXpert, use option (H.H) - PRINT/EXPORT MENU option "H. Save Printer Settings". NOTE: Except in a few rare cases as above, SPC EXpert will automatically detect what kind of monitor your system is using. The autodetect mode is highly recommended and is the default setting for SPC EXpert's video mode. Q1. How do I print the User's Manual? You cannot print the User's Manual directly from SPC EXpert. You can, however, save it to an ASCII (DOS TEXT) file while you view it from the ONLINE DOCUMENTATION Menu (G.L). This ASCII file can then be imported into any commercial text editor and printed. Q2. Are there any MicroSoft Windows Icons for SPC EXpert? Two somewhat generic icons have been included on the SPC EXpert system disk in the files "chart1.ico" and "chart2.ico". Q3. How do I mark User-Defined "Outliers"? In all control charts, histograms, polygons, CDF's, and scatter diagrams, data points may be marked within the data file as "User-Defined Outliers". When the "Eliminate Outliers' option is turned "ON" for a particular chart - (I.A.X for control charts, I.B.X for HISTOGRAMS, POLYGONS, and CDFs, and (I.D.X) for SCATTER diagrams - those points marked as "Outliers" will not be used to calculate control limits, averages, process capability indices, regression statistics, etc. A data point or entry can be marked as an "Outlier" by placing the character "#" in the first column of the row containing the data point(s). An example for (Q3, Q4, & Q5) is given below. Q4. How do I mark User-Defined "Highlights"? In all control charts, scatter diagrams, and pie charts data point(s) may be marked by the user within the data file as "User-Defined Highlights". Those points marked as "Highlights" will appear differently from those not. A "highlighted" pie chart entry will appear set out. "Highlighted" control chart and scatter diagram entries will appear in a different shape and color. A data point or entry can be marked as a "Highlight" by placing the character "!" in the first column of the row containing the data point(s). An example for (Q3, Q4, & Q5) is given below. Q5 How do I include User-Defined "Comments"? In all control charts, histograms, polygons, CDF's, and scatter diagrams, data points may be marked with an optional user comment or string of characters. These comments can only be displayed on control charts. When the "X Axis Labeling Convention" Option (I.A.X) is set to "User Defined Strings" (I.A.G.B) for control charts, any non-empty comments will be displayed vertically along the X Axis. A data point or entry can be marked with a comment by placing the comment at the end of the same row containing the data point(s). An example for (Q3, Q4, & Q5) is given below (E1). E1. Example for Q3, Q4, & Q5 - User Defined "Outliers", "Highlights", and "Comments". Data entries can be marked as both "Highlights" and "Outliers" by placing the symbols "!" and "#" in the first two columns (either "!#" or "#!") of the row containing the data entry. The sample data file from Paragraph 6.5, will be edited and used to demonstrated the effect of the use of User Defined Options. First, the 1st entry will be commented as "Day One'. Next, the 5th data entry "41" will be designated as an "Outlier" and the comment "Measurement Error" will be added. Data entries 6 and 10 are designated as "Outliers" and "Highlighted" - note that when an entry is both highlighted and marked as an outlier the order (!# or #!) of marking does not matter. The last data entry is commented as Day Twelve. The data file would be changed as shown below: PN Control Chart Lot Size = 200 Production Order Number Number of Rejects 200 !23 Day One 15 17 15 #41 Measurement Error !#0 25 31 29 #!0 8 16 Day Twelve Q6. How do I display Process Specifications and Capability Statistics? The process specifications are the upper and lower specification limits. These can be set from seletion (I.E.A and I.E.B). To graphically display the process specifications, the "Process Specs" toggle must be in the "ON" position. This is toggled ON and OFF with selection (I.A.J) for control charts, (I.B.A) for HISTOGRAMS, and (I.D.A and I.D.B) for SCATTER DIAGRAMS. Process capability statistics (Cp, Cpl, Cpu, and Cpk) are displayed in the statistics box when summary stats is turned "ON" using selection (I.H.C) AND the process specs toggle is ON for the appropriate type of chart as described above. Q7. How do I display a regression line and statistics? Standard regression statistics (regression coefficients, R2, t value and F value) are displayed in the statistics box when the summary stats are turned "ON" using selection (I.H.C) and the regressions options is turned on - (I.A.K) for control charts and (I.D.H) for SCATTER diagrams. 10. ERROR MESSAGES FOR INVALID DATA FILES When your data file is not in the proper format as outlined above in Section 6, an error message will be displayed in the MAIN MENU STATUS BOX. These error message and their meanings are outlined below: Valid Your data file is valid for the selected chart type. No File & Type No data file or chart type has been selected. Use MAIN MENU option A and B respectively. No File No data file has benn selected. Use MAIN MENU option A. No Type No chart type has been selected. Use MAIN MENU option B. All numerics expected This error only occurs when you are attempting to import USAF SPC Version 1.1 format raw data files. The format expected by SPC EXpert is selected through option (I.F). It is recommended that you use SPC EXpert format data files. Integer Sample Size Required Sample or logical group sizes are required to be specified for R, S, XBAR, XBAR_R, XBAR_S, P, and PN control charts. These sample sizes must be INTEGERS. This error is usually caused (not including P Charts) by the ommission of the sample size on the fifth line of the data file. Sample Size Too Large The INTEGER sample size on the fifth line of an R, S, XBAR, XBAR_R, or XBAR_S data file exceeds 200. 3 or more Points Required To display a control chart, there must be 3 or more points to PLOT. NOTE: For R, S, XBAR, XBAR_R, and XBAR_S, you may have more that 3 data values and still get this error message - the number of points in this case to PLOT is the number of values divided by the sample size (line 5). Unexpected End of File This means that you do not have a complete data file. This message will occur when you have less than 4 lines in the data file. Numeric Value Expected Non-numeric characters were found in the data file where numbers were expected. This can occur for several reasons: (1) the sample size in an R, S, XBAR, XBAR_R, or XBAR_S is set larger than the number of measurements per sample or a measurement has been ommitted from a sample. (2) the frequency (value) has been ommited from a BAR, PIE, PARETO, or TABLE entry. (3) the '#' or '!' symbol has not been placed before the FIRST data point of a sample in a R, S, XBAR, XBAR_R, or XBAR_S chart. Too Few Entries The number of entries in a BAR, PIE, PARETO, or TABLE must be more than 1. Too Many Entries The number of entries in a BAR, PIE, PARETO, or TABLE must not exceed 100. Invalid Version Selected This error message should NEVER occur. If it does occur, reset your options values using option (I.I.E). Illegal Chart Type Selected This error message should NEVER occur. If it does occur, reset your options values using option (I.I.E). Cannot Open File This means that while the data file specified exist, SPC EXpert cannot open the file to read. This should NEVER occur. If it does, exit SPC EXpert and restart. Positive Sample Size Required Sample or logical group sizes are rerquired to be specified for R, S, XBAR, XBAR_R, XBAR_S, P, and PN control charts. These sample sizes must be integers greater than ZERO. Integer # rejects/flaws required P, PN, C, and U charts require you to specify a COUNT of the number of rejects or flaws. This must be an INTEGER. # rejects/flaws must be >= 0 P, PN, C, and U charts require you to specify a COUNT of the number of rejects or flaws. This COUNT must be non-negative. # rejects exceeds sample size P and PN charts charts require you to specify the number of rejects out of a given sample size. This number cannot exceed the sample size. # Charts in MULTIPLE Exceeds 6 A MULTIPLE chart can display between 1 and 6 graphs inclusive. File Specified Does Not Exist A file specifed in a MULTIPLE graph does not exist. Invalid File/Type Pair A file specified in a MULTIPLE data file is not a valid chart. Non SPC EXpert Options File Specified This means that an "options file" specified in a data file is not a valid SPC EXpert "options file" as saved with option (I.I.B). Negative BAR/PIE... Entry All entries in a BAR, PIE, PARETO, or TABLE must be non- negative. All Entries = 0 At least one entry in a BAR, PIE, PARETO, or TABLE must be greater than zero. Sample Size < 2 The sample size for R, S, XBAR, XBAR_R, and XBAR_S control charts must be between 2 and 200 inclusive. Sample Size not on Line 5 The sample size for R, S, XBAR, XBAR_R, and XBAR_S control charts must be on line 5 of the data file. 11. SPC EXpert Abbreviations C - Average count per subgroup CDF - Cumulative Distribution Function Cp - Capability index Cpl - Capability index with respect to the LSL Cpk - Capability index (minimum of Cpl and Cpu) Cpu - Capability index with respect to the USL LCL - Lower Control Limit LSL - Lower Specifications Limit Max - Maximum Min - Minimum MR - Moving Range P - Fraction Defective PN - Percent Defective R - Range Rel Var - Relative Variation S - Standard Deviation SPC - Statistical Process Control Stats - Statistics T - Time U - Average rate of defects per unit UCL - Upper Control Limit USL - Upper Specification Limit process within specs. XBAR - XBAR is the mean (average) of X XMR - Individual Moving Range 12. SPC EXpert Definitions Beta - The shape parameter in the Weibull distribution. C Chart - C is the average count per subgroup. The C control chart displays the number of defects which appear in samples of fixed size. C charts are based on a Poisson distribution. Capability Statistics - Indices that define the degree to which the process is or is not meeting the specifications. These include Cpl, Cpu, Cpk, and Cp. CDF - Cumulative Distribution Function. The cumulative distribution function for a random variable X defined for any real x by the probability X