QUICKPLOT MANUAL (Version 1.0) By David van Everdingen / Jeroen van Gool Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Newfoundland CANADA (C) July 1990 -i- TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION..................................................1 A DATA FILE FORMAT.........................................1 B NOTATION.................................................2 1.STARTING THE PROGRAM........................................2 2.EXITING THE PROGRAM.........................................3 3.MAIN MENU OPTIONS...........................................4 3.1 INPUT DATA..............................................4 3.2 PLOT DATA...............................................5 3.3 CONTOURING THE DATA.....................................5 3.3.1 KALSBEEK CONTOURING...............................6 3.3.2 WEIGHTED CONTOURING...............................6 3.3.3 CONTOURING MENU...................................6 3.3.3.1 AUTO.....................................7 3.3.3.2 DENSITY...................................7 3.3.3.3 PATTERN...................................7 3.4 ROTATE DATA.............................................8 3.5 STATISTICS..............................................9 3.5.1 EIGEN.............................................9 3.5.2 FISHER............................................9 3.5.3 PI GIRDLES.......................................10 3.5.4 FABRIC ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS.........................10 3.5.5 UNIFORMITY.......................................11 3.6 OPTIONS..................................................11 3.6.1 SCREEN...........................................11 3.6.2 FILE.............................................12 3.6.3 CHANGE DIRECTORY.................................12 3.6.4 NORTH............................................13 3.6.5 QUIT.............................................13 3.7 HELP.....................................................13 3.8 DOS......................................................13 3.9 QUIT PROGRAM.............................................13 4. RUNNING THE PROGRAM IN BATCH MODE.........................13 5. USE OF ASPECT MODE OF QuickPlot Utilities.................17 6. DISCLAIMER................................................18 7. REFERENCES OF INTEREST....................................19 -1- INTRODUCTION QuickPlot is a program for plotting directional data. It accepts data in various formats and plots, contours or rotates the data on a lower hemisphere equal area projection. The plot may be saved to a file for later printing through a program like Lotus (R) PGRAPH (part of the Lotus 1-2-3 software package) or one may make a screen dump to the printer. Plots saved to a file can be edited using either Lotus (R) Freelance or any other graphics program that can import .PIC files. This is a graphics program and thus requires a graphics card to be present. The program will run off a floppy diskette or a hard drive, on a IBM PC, PC-XT, PC-AT or 100% compatibles. It should be noted here that while the program displays the graphics only if a graphics card is present, it will produce Lotus (R) PGRAPH compatible files without the graphics card present, but ONLY in batch mode. This program should run on all IBM PC/XT/AT's and 100% compatibles equiped with 640KB memory and a graphics card (graphics cards supported include Hercules, CGA, EGA, VGA). A Math Coprocessor is not required, but will significantly speed up those parts of the program that require many calculations, especially the contouring. The program is compiled with MicroSoft (R) QuickBASIC (v4.5) and as such requires that the program MSHERC.COM be run before running this program with a Hercules graphics card (this is supplied with the QuickBASIC software). MSHERC.COM is licenced by the MicroSoft Corporation. QuickPlot was written by J. van Gool and D. van Everdingen at the Memorial University of Newfoundland (January-August 1990). The program evolved from FABRIC, a program written by R. Vissers at the University of Utrecht in the Netherlands. A. DATA FILE FORMAT The data are to be entered with two numbers to each line of the file. These two numbers may be in one of three formats: Dip-Azimuth and Dip or Dip and Dip-Azimuth or Strike and Dip (following the right hand rule, that is the dip direction always lies to the right of the strike .e.g. 120 34 indicates the plane dips 34 degrees toward 120 degrees (south of east) ; and may NOT contain characters such as N,S,E,W). Comments or blank lines may be included anywhere in the file as long as they contain NO numbers. -2- B. NOTATION The following conventions are used in this manual: In manual What it means Press the ENTER or RETURN key on the keyboard (characters) Press these letters on the menu bar. 1. STARTING THE PROGRAM The program should be started from the drive/directory that it resides in. A subsidiary file, QP.DEF, contains the directory name of the subdirectory that contains your data. If present it is read by QuickPlot on startup to determine default settings. If it si not present certain internal defaults are used. The defaults may be changed by you through the OPTIONS menu. If you have a CGA, EGA or a VGA graphics card, start the program by typing QP . If you have a Hercules graphics card first type MSHERC to load the Hercules graphics driver then type QP . If you plan to make screendump prints from within the program you will have to load a printer driver before entering QuickPlot. In case you have a Hercules graphics card type MONOPRT either before or after you load MSHERC. If you use a CGA graphics card, type GRAPHICS before entering QuickPlot. EGA and VGA cards require other graphics adapters, check your owners manual for this. GRAPHICS is part of the standard DOS package and is not distributed by us. MONOPRT is a sharware utility. If you are working with a floppy system, copy either MONOPRT or GRAPHICS to the floppy that contains the QP.EXE program, or if you are working with a hard dive system, either copy one of the two to the directory that contains the QP.EXE program, or make sure that the subdirectory that contains the right driver is part of your path statement. If you use QuickPlot often and have a Hercules graphics card it is a good idea to load MSHERC from your AUTOEXEC.BAT file when the computer is booted up. The program automatically checks what type of graphics card is present. To run the program in batch mode, that is, to plot multiple plots, type QP BATCH . See section 4 for more information on running the program in batch mode. In the interactive mode the program starts with the main menu at the top of the screen. Eight choices are open to you: 1. Input data - load a datafile from disk into the program. 2. Plot data - plot the data using various symbols on the stereo net. -3- 3. Contouring - contour the data on the net using traditional or weighted counting methods on a Kalsbeek type counting net 4. Rotate data - rotate the data on the net about a specified axis. 5. Stats - perform an eigen analysis on the data or apply a Fisher test for dispersion on the sphere or compute a PI girdle to the data set or draw a modified Flinn diagram. 6. Options - set the system defaults for plotting and set the current data directory. 7. DOS - this allows you to access DOS from the program, to perform other tasks before returning to the program. 8. Exit - exits the program back to the operating system (DOS). All these choices are accessed by either moving the cursor box with the cursor keys and pressing or by pressing the first letter of the menu option. Help on any of these options can be obtained by positioning the cursor box over the item and pressing the F1 key. This help is only available at the main menu and only if the file QP.HLP is present in the same directory or on the same disk as the QuickPlot program. 2. EXITING THE PROGRAM To leave the program use the cursor keys to move the arrows on the menu to the last item on the list, "Exit". Alternatively press the first letter of the Exit menu option, then answer yes to the following question. Any menu with a cursor box displayed can be exited by pressing the (ESC Escape) key. The PLOT, CONTOUR and ROTATE options can all be exited to the main menu (if they were entered by mistake) as follows: in the PLOT and CONTOUR options press the Escape key at the first menu (the choose symbol menu in the PLOT option and the Contour type menu in the CONTOUR option); and in the ROTATE menu by entering -999 when you are prompted for the rotation azimuth. -4- 3. MAIN MENU OPTIONS 3.1 INPUT DATA This option is automatically picked if no data has been entered into the program as yet. That is requesting any of the first five menu options results in defaulting to the INPUT option. Data format within a file is a 2 column format separated by a comma or one or more spaces. There may be blank lines or comments in the file. Data input format is set through the optione menu (OFFT = Options File Format Type). Take care that this set correctly. See the Options section 3.6). Choices of data include: Planes, Lineations, Great circles, Mixed Great circles and lineations and lastly Bedding/Cleavage intersections. The program can plot great circles as well as mixed great circles and lineations (e.g. the case of plotting slickensides). To plot great circles alone pick GREAT in the data type question just following the loading of the data file. To plot mixed great circles and lineations, the data must be alternating great circle data pair, lineation data pair. The same format goes for thebedding/cleavage intersection data - it must alternate bedding data point then cleavage data point. The intersections are automatically computed and the results can be stored to a file (Note: any data pairs which are parallel will be omitted from the data set). Data can be input from a data file or interactively from the keyboard (Type OFM = Options File Mode to set data input source). The program checks whether the file name you entered exists, for this it uses the data subdirectory picked in the Options menu; If not then you can return to the main menu (allowing you to change the file name or the subdirectory (through the Option menu)). The data file is read in into memory you are then prompted for the type of data (Planes or Lineations). At the Give File Name prompt you can enter ? followed by to get a listing of the files in the input data directory. You can use the *.* specification to get all files or something else to be more specific such as *.DOC to get all files with the DOC extension. Then use the cursor keys to choose a file and to accept the chosen file for loading into the computer. Entering data from the keyboard (KEYBOARD option of File Mode) is accomplished by entering the dip azimuth followed by and then the dip, again followed by . To stop entering data, at the 'Az.' prompt enter any number less than zero. You will then be asked whether this data is to be saved to a file. -5- Should you want to enter additional files and treat them together as one: enter the data for the first file (INPUT option) normally. For entering subsequent files add '/A' directly after the file name (no intervening spaces - i.e. DATA.PLT/A). Additional data can be added from the keyboard as well (you are prompted as to whether this das to be added to the previous set). Note that if you enter a new file name without the '/A' extension, that will be the only data treated, the previous data will have been cleared out of the program. 3.2 PLOT DATA Plotting is done with the Plot menu option. After entering the data and picking this option the program will ask if you want to erase the previous plot (if one is displayed on the screen). Then you will be asked whether this upcoming plot is to be saved to a Lotus (R) PGraph compatible PIC file. Note that the plot in this option is saved to a file of the same name as the original data file but with the '.PIC' extension. As well, to distinguish between PIC files produced by the Plotting, Contouring and Rotation routines, the last letter of the file name (if it is 8 letters long) is changed to P, C, R, respectively (if the file name is less than 8 letters then this letter is simply added to the file name). The PIC graph files use the same format as those used by Lotus (R) 123. They can be plotted with Lotus (R) PGraph, Lotus (R) Freelance. They can be imported into various word processing packages such as WordPerfect, Lotus Manuscript. Any graphics program that can import .PIC files can be used to edit the plots. With a conversion utility such as P2D they can be imported into AutoDesk's AutoCAD drafting program. A menu then appears asking you to enter the symbol type of your choice for plotting. It shows six symbols, choosing Large gives you an additional six symbols (Small allows you to choose the previous symbol set). If you have run the statistical analyses (Eigen, Fisher and/or Pi girdle analyses) prior to plotting, the result may be displayed on the plot here. See section 3.5 Statistics. Upon plot completion you are asked whether this is to be output to a screen dump or PIC file. In the first case the rest of the extraneous information is removed from the screen and the plot is dumped to the printer which must be connected to the LPT1 parallel printer port. Note that to get a circle to plot as a circle on the printer you should set the aspect ratio for the printer (through the Option menu option). The proper ratio for your monitor can be determined by typing QPU at the DOS prompt (to load the QuickPlot Utilities program) and following the instuctions. In the case of making a -6- PIC file the file name to which the PIC file is saved is displayed. As mentioned before this name will have the extension .PIC with a 'P' directly before the '.'(period). For example if the data file name was TEST.PLT the PIC name is TESTP.PIC. 3.3 CONTOURING THE DATA Orientation data can be counted and contoured using one of two methods, both using a modified Kalsbeek counting net. The first method is similar to the conventional hand contouring routine, which is fast, but gives angular contour lines. The second method uses the same counting grid with the option of different densities of counting nodes. This method uses a weighted counting procedure, which is slower, but gives smoother and more accurate contours. 3.3.1 KALSBEEK CONTOURING The distribution of counting nodes is similar to that of a Kalsbeek counting net, but the program uses true counting circles of 1% area for the counting. This combination of techniques may occasionally result in strange contour patterns, especially for isolated data points, but is extremely fast. The location of the contour lines is completely dependent on the location of the counting nodes. Contour values in this case are given in percentage of data points per one percent area, which is equivalent to multiples of uniform distribution. 3.3.2 WEIGHTED CONTOURING The distribution of counting nodes is similar to that in a Kalsbeek net, but here the density of nodes can be increased to give smoother contour lines. The actual counting is done using a method described by Robin and Jowett (1986). Weighted counting is done on a hemi-sphere using a bell shaped Gaussian distribution function presented by Fisher (1953)curve. The results are similar to that using a one percent counting circle, but contours are smoother and better indicate the locations of the datapoints. If the highest density setting is used, this method can be very slow when counting large datasets (>200 points) on a slow computer (IBM PC or XT without co-processor). Contour values are given as multiples of uniform distribution. 3.3.3 CONTOURING MENU Before the contouring routine is started, a data set must be read into the program. If contouring is chosen in the main menu, without data being resident in memory, the program will automatically prompt you for a data file name. The data do not have to be plotted before they are contoured. Before the menu is shown the program asks you whether to clear -7- the plotting area if a plot is present and you are asked to indicate whether you want a copy of the plot to be saved to a LOTUS (R) PIC file. The menu choices are: 1. GO - accept the settings and start the contouring 2. AUTO - toggle between automatically calculated and user specified contour levels. 3. COUNTING - toggle between traditional counting on a Kalsbeek net and weighted counting of data points. 4. DENSITY - choose density of the counting nodes. 5. PATTERN - choose between no patterns or one of two pattern types. 3.3.3.1 AUTO The automatic setting provides the user with a set of approximately 5 to 8 equally spaced contour intervals, the lowest level being one (times uniform distribution). If the user specified setting is chosen, the program prompts you to enter contour levels (up to 15, do not have to be entered in any order) after it gives the maximum count. 3.3.3.2 DENSITY In the case of weighted counting the density of counting nodes can be chosen. For the traditional Kalsbeek counting routine the grid density is default set to LOW (331 nodes) and can not be changed. For the weighted counting you can choose between LOW (331 nodes), MEDIUM (721 nodes) and HIGH (1261 nodes) density. Remember: the higher the density, the longer the counting takes. 3.3.3.3 PATTERN In a sub-menu you can choose for 1) no pattern, 2) pattern 1 or 3) pattern 2. 1. No - No Fill pattern, draw contour lines only. 2. 1 Pat. - Option 1, fill the maximum contour level with a solid fill (does not show up in PIC files) and plot a dot pattern in the area of less than the lowest contour level (both on screen and in PIC files). Note that the dots for this pattern are drawn on the counting nodes and reflect the density of the counting net. (Note: if you want to see all the counting nodes plotted on the screen, do a self specified contour plot of any dataset, and set the only contour level to a value higher than the maximum count. 3. 2 Pat. - Option 2, fill all contour levels with a fill pattern. This is for the screen only and does not show up in the PIC files. The maxim allowed number of contour levels in this case is 9. The way the pattern filling is handled is not guaranteed error free. Especially in the low density contouring, -8- contour levels can easily be missed. The higher density settings give better results. Once these options are set for your convenience, they don't have to be reset during the session. Next time the program is used it will start up in a default setting, which you may want to change. The routine is started by pressing G (for GO). During the first run the counting grid has to be created. For following runs in this session this step will be skipped, unless the setting for the counting grid has been changed. Next the data set is reformatted internally for counting. When the program finishes counting it prints the value of the maximum concentration and it either starts contouring in the automatic mode, or it prompts you for contour levels in the user-specified mode. After drawing the contour lines and/or patterns you are asked if you want a title in the plot. You can choose between no title, the name of the (last entered) data file or you can enter a title of your own choice. Note that the self specified title can not be longer than 15 characters. If you want a printout (either a screendump or output to a .PIC file) answer Y(es) or press . If you have performed any statistical analyses on the current data set, you are asked if you want to include the results in the printout. If you chose the PIC file option, the plot will now be saved in a file that ends on C.PIC (C for contour). This means that if your original file name was full length (8+3 characters long), the last character of the name and your original extension will be lost. A file named S1SOUTH1.DAT will result in a plot file named S1SOUTHC.PIC and file DATA.PLT results in DATAC.PIC, etc. The net shows up as a circle on the print if you have chosen the "PRINTER" Options setting (see 3.6 Options) for the circle aspect ratio (OAP). If you are not happy with the way contour lines are drawn, you can re-enter the contouring routine (erase the current plot) and enter new contour values, which will be drawn immediately. The program does not repeat the counting routine (for slower computers this can be quite a time saver), unless the counting grid is changed. The counted values stay in memory until a new data set is entered. 3.4 ROTATE DATA In this option you are prompted for the azimuth and dip of the AXIS of rotation (this is thought of as a pole) then the amount of right handed rotation is requested. The computer then sets up the rotation matrix. You are asked whether these entered values are okay and then whether you want the results displayed. The plot will show the locations of the rotated points and the -9- location of the axis of rotation (a circle cut by a cross). If you want to see the location of the points before rotation use the Plot Data menu first before doing the rotation. The rotated data may be saved to a file. Depending on your response to the queries the rotated data set can be made resident for further treatment (displacing the original data set from the program memory). Prior to the screen plotting of the data you are asked (if a previous plot exists) whether to erase the plot and then whether the upcoming plot is to be saved to a PIC file. The file saved through this routine will have the .PIC extension with an 'R' directly preceeding the '.' (period). For example if the original data file name was MORETEST.PLT then the PIC file name would be MORETESR.PIC (the last letter is replaced by the 'R' since the original file name was eight letters long). 3.5 STATISTICS Statistical analysis of the data is done through this option.You are presented with four options: 1) Eigen analysis, 2) Fisher Anal., 3) Pi girdle 4) modified Flinn diagram and 4) Uniformity test. 3.5.1 EIGEN The maximum eigen vector (displayed as an open star) or all three eigen vectors (displayed as '1','2','3') can be plotted. The data may be saved to a file (including the eigen values and eigen vectors. The results are displayed on the screen after plotting (or contouring) the data. Note that symmetrical data sets whose 1st or 3rd eigen vector plots on the net circumference will produce an wrong value for that eigenvector. To remedy: change the angle of one input point by 1 degree. 3.5.2 FISHER The Fisher analysis follows Fisher's (1953) paper to compute a cone angular diametre containing the mean of the data set with a confidence level of 95%. That is, possible directions more than the calculated number of degrees away from that indicated are excluded at the 5% level of significance. As well a 'K' value is output that discribes the amount that the data are clustered, an estimate of the precision. The smaller the value of K the more uniform the data distribution. When K is large the distribution is effectively confined to a small portion of the net in the neighborhood of the maximum. -10- 3.5.3 PI GIRDLES Pi girdles can be computed for your data set. This calculation first computes the EIGEN values of the data. For a girdle distribution of the data, the third eigen vector is the fold axis and the great circle pi girdle passes through the first and second eigen vectors; If on the other hand the data is clustered the axis is the first eigen vector and the girdle passes through the second and third eigen vectors. This decision is made by the program by running the uniformity test to check for the distribution type. It may be useful to plot your data first to see whether it is multimodal - if it is, the Pi girdle computed can quite meaningless. 3.5.4 FABRIC ANALYSIS DIAGRAMS Modified Flinn diagrams were developed by Woodcock (1977) and Woodcock and Naylor (1983). These plots are of the ratios of the first and second eigen value versus the rotio of the second and third eigen value. The plot enables one to get an objective value for the amount of clustering or girdling represented by the data set. A value is also generated indicating the strength of the cluster or girdle. Another possibility available is to plot the differences of eigen values on a triangular plot (Vollmer, 1990) to discern between Clustered (Point data), Girdled or Random data. (using the formulae: P=(E1-E2)/N, G=2(E2-E3)/N, R=3(E3)/N) The advantage of this plot is that it is closed, whereas highly clustered or girdled data will plot off the modified Flinn diagram, on the triangular plot they will still be within the bounds of the plot. The validity of the test/diagram becomes suspect when you are dealing with a multimodal data set (more than one population). The plot can be saved to a PIC compatible file (the file name is suffixed by 'F' (e.g. EAST3F.PIC is used for a data set in file EAST3.PLT). Note: any plot on the screen is erased if you select the Flinn diagram option. Conversely a Flinn plot on the screen is erased if you select a stereo net plotting option. You will be prompted to save the Flinn diagram to a PIC file only if you are not already in the process of creating a stereo plot PIC file; in this case you will be prompted to save the Flinn diagram to a PIC file upon leaving the program. You may compile eigen value ratio data points from several (up to 10) data sets into a single Flinn diagram. The results from each Flinn diagram are saved to an array and will be plotted to the same PIC file. If more than 10 data sets are compiled then these will be plotted to a next PIC file. Note the above also applies to the triangular fabric plots. -11- 3.5.5 UNIFORMITY TEST The uniformity test (after the routine by Griffis et al., 1985) provides more or less the same results as the Flinn diagram, except it does this verbally on the first and second lines of the display in order to not interfere with any plots on the screen. 3.6 OPTIONS Options:->-Screen->-Aspect-->-Screen | | >-Printer | | >-Own Aspect->-ENTER NUMBER | | | >-Diameter--ENTER NUMBER | >-Quit | >-File--->-Mode---->-TOGGLE (Keyboard/Datafile) | | | >-Format-->-Type------->-AD | | | >-DA | | | >-SD | | | | | >-# of sets-->-TOGGLE (single/mult.) | | >-Quit | >-Quit | >-Dir---->-Inpath-->-ENTER DIRECTORY PATH | >-Outpath->-ENTER DIRECTORY PATH | >-Quit | >-North----TOGGLE (Plot/Don't plot North symbol on net | >-Quit--->-Save >-Quit Note: typing the first letter of the menu item chooses that item. Hitting the ESC key will exit you to the previous menu. Escaping from the main Options menu escapes without accepting any changes. When the program is started, it first checks for the existence of a file called QP.DEF which contains the defaults. If it does not exist the program uses its own built in defaults. These defaults can be changed at any time from the main menu and can be saved to a new QP.DEF or the new defaults can be used for the current session only. In the following section the responses to get to the appropriate menu will be typed using the first letters of the displayed option. -12- The available Options are: 3.6.1 SCREEN The aspect ratio value is set by typing QP ASPECT at the DOS prompt and can be set for either the screen (most common usage) or for the printer (case of screen dumps of plots to the printer). The aspect can be set to screen (OSAS) printer (OSAP) or you can enter your own aspect (OSAO) for the current session only. The stereo net diameter is set from here (OSD). The plot diameter only affects the screen, it does not affect the PIC file circle diameter. The PIC file circle diameter can only be changed through the EIGHT option (See section 4 on BATCH mode operation). 3.6.2 FILE Whether the data is to be input from a file or from the keyboard (OFM). DATA FORMAT - can be set for various formats. If the data are read from the keyboard the data input is always in the azimuth dip format. For data read from a file the formats can be as follows: a) Dip-Azimuth/Dip (OFFTA) b) Dip/Dip-Azimuth (OFFTD) c) Strike/Dip (OFFTS) a) and b) use the dip direction and the dip of the orientation data. c) uses the strike of the data and the dip, where the strike is decided by the right hand rule (the dip must always occur to the right of the strike line so for example if the plane dips toward 045 degrees (measured clockwise from north) with a dip of 20 degrees down from the horizontal, then the azimuth is 045 and dip is 20; the strike is 045-090=-045 or 315 degrees dippping 20 degrees. The # of sets option (OFF#) allows one to plot data sets from different subsets using separate symbols simultaneously. The data file will contain three columns: the first two columns are the azimuth and the dip, the third column is the number of the symbol to be used to plot that particular point. This number has a value between 1 and 12. 3.6.3 CHANGE DIRECTORY Change In/Out Data Dir. - this allows you to change the directory and/or the drive from which the data are to be read and to which the PIC plots will be saved. If you are changing to a directory on the same drive as the current drive then there is no need to include the drive letter (simply enter for example "\data" the program is pretty lenient with this (you will be told if you are doing it wrong). -13- 3.6.4 NORTH This option toggles between displaying a north symbol ('N') at the top of the net and not displaying it. 3.6.5 QUIT This is a two part menu: Save - this will save all the default settings as they now are. This overwrites the existing QP.DEF file without warning you. (If you wish, for whatever reason, to keep the old QP.DEF file around rename it before entering the program). When the program has finished saving the changes to QP.DEF you are returned to the main menu. Quit - returns you to the main menu, however any changes you made to the default settings will be used for this session ONLY until they are changed again. Note that the changes are not, in this case, saved to the QP.DEF file. A third choice is to press the ESC key to leave the settings unchanged. 3.7 HELP Rudimentory help is provided only at the main menu level and is viewed by pressing the F1 key after positioning the cursor-box over the required item. Help will be displayed only if the file QP.HLP is present on the same disk or in the same directory as the program QP.EXE itself. 3.8 DOS This allows you to exit temporarily to the DOS prompt to accomplish other tasks (i.e. copying or modifying files) to return to the program type EXIT at the DOS prompt. This loads another copy of the COMMAND.COM (or equivalent) into memory thus reducing the amount of available memory for using other programs while you are still in QuickPlot. Note that the action of shelling to DOS will erase any plots you have on the screen. 3.9 QUIT PROGRAM To leave the program back to the DOS environment press 'Q' or use the cursor keys and to pick this choice. 4. RUNNING THE PROGRAM IN BATCH MODE Should you want to run the same options on a series of data sets, provision is made for using QuickPlot in batch mode. To use QuickPlot in Batch mode: enter QP BATCH at the DOS prompt. The program will then inform you that you have entered the Batch -14- processing mode and asks if you want any help. The help screen displays the format that Batch files need to follow. This format must be followed to avoid problems in the running of the program (order is important). The batch files contain seven (7) command lines followed by any number of lines containing, one to a line, the names of the data files to be accessed. NOTE: To simplify batch file creation use the QuickPlot Utilities program QPU (Option 1) - type QPU at the DOS prompt. The follow the displayed instructions. The data files must contain the following information (the capitalized words are one that go into the batch file - they need not be capitlaized since the program is not case sensitive): Line 1: Full pathname of directory of data files are (e.g. C:\DATA) Line 2: Full pathname of directory to which PIC files are to be saved Line 3: Admissible entries: AD, DA, SD, EI Type of data: AD - Azimuth Dip, DA - Dip Azimuth, SD - Strike Dip, EI - eigen value data. Following choice with 'M' chooses multiple data sets Line 4: Admissible entries: PLANE??, LINE??, GREAT??, INTER?? (??='N',' N','NN' (do not print the quotes they are used as delimiters here)) Mode type: PLANE = data are planes or LINE = data are lineations GREAT = data are great circles or INTER = data are bedding/cleavage data (alternating bedding on one line cleavage on the next). Following the choice with: 'N' suppresses printing of the Poles to planes or Lineations message; ' N' prints the above message but leaves off the N (North) symbol; 'NN' suppresse both the message and the north symbol; default is to have both output (do not type the single quotes, just the characters e.g. PLANE N or LINENN). Line 5: Admissible entries: PLOT, CONTOUR, EIGHT?## (?=P,C,B; #=1- 12),?????EIGEN, ?????FISHER, ?????PI (????? = PLOTS, CONTS, STATS), FLINN. The EIGHT option may be followed by a title (up to -15- 60 characters 3 positions after the 'T' in EIGHT i.e. EIGHTP 5Title Not in quotes. The operations that can be performed on the data: PLOT - plot the data followed by the symbol number e.g. PLOT 8 for symbol 8, default symbol is 4 ('+'). CONTOUR - use automatic contouring. The contouring is the Gaussian weighted method. EIGHT? - if ?=P then plot 8 data plots to one page. - if ?=B then plot and contour up to 4 data sets a page. - if ?=C then contour up to 8 data sets per page. Using the default symbol 2 (small square; if followed by a symbol number e.g. EIGHTP3 plots up to 8 nets using symbol 3 for the data points. If that is followed by a title e.g. EIGHTP12Figure 1 -plots eight nets with symbol 12 and a caption of 'Figure 1' (caption may be any reasonable length < 60 characters). Note that the title must start in the 9th column of line 5 as the symbol number takes 2 spaces (possible symbols are 1 to 12). If, for the EIGHT option, there are less than eight files to be plotted, or there is not a multiple of eight files (data sets) then the last page will merely contain less than eight plots. Note page here refers to what can be plotted on one screen or page by Lotus (R) PGRAPH. The EIGHTB option allows one to plot up to four data sets to one page. The result is a data plot and a contour plot (one beneath the other) for each data set. The contour percentage levels are included below the contour plots. Contour counting point density determines the smoothness of the resultant contours. The allowable values are 10,15,20 for low, medium and high counting point density respectively. A value is needed on the line even if no contouring is to be done. If the batch plotting is eight to a page and the data are to be contoured (EIGHTC) then a legend will appear at the bottom of the page to explain the notation in use; it looks as follows: (C:=contour levels in multiples of a uniform distribution) STATS, PLOTS, CONTS: Some of the statistics can be run in batch mode as well. The following possibilities are available and should be entered on line 5 of the batch file (note only one operation command is allowed per batch file): ?????EIGEN - do an eigen analysis ?????FISHER - compute a Fisher distribution ?????PI - compute a fold axis/girdle The ????? are to be replaced by STATS if you want to save the generated data to a file but not plot it, or by PLOTS if you want to plot the computations on the stereo net but not save it to a -16- data file or, lastly, by CONTS if you wish to have the statistics plotted on a contoured net (e.g. STATSEIGEN or PLOTSEIGEN or CONTSEIGEN). To do both (plot and save) you will have to run the batch file twice through the program with the two differennt options. FLINN: produce a Flinn diagram of the data sets. TRIAN: produce a triangular fabric digram based on eigen value differences Line 6: Admissible entries: PIC, SCREEN Where printout is to go: to a PIC file or to the SCREEN to be printed as a screen dump to the printer. The following two lines are inserted only if the the operation requested involved contouring (CONTOUR, EIGHTC, EIGHTB, CONTPI, CONTFISHER, CONTEIGEN). Line 7: Admissible entries: 10, 15, 20. Contour counting point density. Use 10,15,20 for Low, Medium or High density respectively. Line 8: Admissible entries: 0, 1, 2. If the output is to the screen (NOT to a PIC file) then you must say whether you want a pattern to fill the contours: 0 = no patterns used, 1 = patterns fill the maximum contour level and the less than minimum contour level, 2 = patterns fill all the contour levels but not the less than minimum level. Note then that lines 7 and 8 may not be necessary depending on the type of operation you are applying to the data and also depending on the output destination of the print (to a PIC file or via a screen dump to the printer. Line 9 to the file end contain the file names (one name on each line). E.g. JUNK1.PLT" JUNK2.PLT" Etc." (NOTE: Blank files will cause program to halt. Thus the foregoing format MUST be followed). -17- The plot can be sent directly through a screen dump to the printer (equivalent to Shift-PrintScreen) by entering SCREEN or it can be sent to a Lotus (R) compatible PIC file for later printing or manipulation by entering PIC on line 7. An example file to run three data files of plane, azimuth-dip data from the C:\TMP subdirectory, save the completed plots to C:\DATA and contour them using medium counting point density, sent to the printer with paterns in all contours (See i): i ii ------ ------ C:\TMP C:\TMP C:\DATA C:\DATA AD AD PLANE PLANE CONTOUR EIGHTC SCREEN 20 15 PIC 2 JUNK1.PLT JUNK1.PLT JUNK2.PLT JUNK2.PLT JUNK3.PLT JUNK3.PLT ii) is similar to i) except that it will put the three plots into one PIC file and contour them starting in the upper left hand corner with the first plot and so on to the right, using the highest counting point density. The file names and the number of data points per set are plotted beneath the net. The bottom right hand corner of the screen/page has the optional "Pole to Planes" or "Lineations" annotation. (NOTE: these can all be entered in lower case as well - the program is not case sensitive). These inputs must be entered exactly as indicated or the program will not operate properly. For ease of use it is advantageous to use the QuickPlot Utilities (QPU) program to create an appropriate batch file. QP execution can be followed as all is displayed as the program runs through the various steps while in batch mode. Since no further input is required you can also go away for some relaxation and come back feeling much happier (your work is being done for you). 5. USE OF ASPECT MODE OF QuickPlot Utilities (Type: QPU) This allows you to calculate the appropriate aspect ratio for either your screen or printer so that the plotted circles will be, in fact, circles rather than ellipses. Type QPU followed by . Then pick option 2 (to determine the aspect ratio). If you have a Hercules graphics card make sure that you have run -18- MSHERC as well as a screen printing program such as MONOPRT. The program then presents you with two lines on the screen, one horizontal the other vertical which you are to measure as accurrately as possible using consistent units (that is if you use centimetres for the one use centimetres for the other. Enter these numbers as directed. The program then plots a circle based on the ratio calculated from the numbers you entered. If this is a circle to your satisfaction then the ratio is saved to a file called QP.DEF. The same procedure is followed for the printer. Note that this is only necessary if you plan on printing the plots using the SCREEN method. The other method which produces Lotus (R) compatible files does not require this as the Lotus drivers will take care of that (This assumes that you have access to Lotus (R) 1-2-3 version 2.01, 2.2 or 3.0, etc.). 6. DISCLAIMER The authors of this program (which is continually undergoing revision) are not to be held responsible for the results from inappropriate usage of the program. However if you do encounter any bugs in the version you have (note the date on the program directory listing) we would like to hear about them. Also any suggestions for improvements would be greatly appreciated. This program may be distributed freely, however it is for personal, educational or scientific use only and may not be sold. Contact: David van Everdingen or Jeroen van Gool Department of Earth Sciences Memorial University of Newfoundland St. John's, Newfoundland A1B 3X5 CANADA Tel: (709)737-8142 -19- 7. REFERENCES OF INTEREST Diggle, P.J., Fisher, N.I.; 1985; Sphere: A Contouring Program For Spherical Data; Computers and Geosciences v11 n6 p725-766. Duncan, A.C.; 1985; PLANE: An Interactive Program For Calculating Intersections Lineations From Planes, Planes From Lines and Plunges From Pitches; Computers and Geosciences v11 n2 p183-202. Fisher, N.I., Lewis, T., Embleton, B.J.J.; 1987; Statistical Analysis of Spherical Data; Cambridge University Press, Sydney 329p. Fisher, R.; 1953; Dispersion on a Sphere; Royal Society of London Proceedings v217 p295-305. Griffis, R.A., Gustafson, S.J., Adams, H.G.; 1985; PETFAB: User Considerate Fortran 77 Program For the Generation and Statistical Evaluation of Fabric Diagrams; Computers and Geosciences v4 n4 p369-408 - (Uniformaity test p386). Mardia, K.V.; 1972; Statistics of Directional Data; Academic Press London Chapters 8 and 9 p212-286 and Appendix 3 p320-330. Robin, P-Y.F., Jowett, E.C.; 1986; Computerized Density Contouring Statistical Evaluation of Orientation Data Using Counting Circles and Continuous Weighting Functions; Tectonophysics v121 p207-233. Vissers, R.J.M., Bollegraaf, B.; 1989; An Algorithm for Rotation of Axial Data; Computers and Geosciences v15 n1 p157-161. Vollmer, F.W.; 1990; An Application of Eigenvalue Methods to Structural Domain Analysis; Geol. Soc. Am. Bull. v102 p786-791. Woodcock, N.H.; 1977; Specification of Fabris Shapes Using an Eigenvalue Method; Geological Society of America Bulletin v88 p1231-1236. Woodcock, N.H. and Naylor, M.A.; 1983; Randomness Testing in Three Dimensional Orientation Data: Structural Geology v5 n5 p539-548.