GAKUSEI Japanese language tutorial version 1.1.3 Copyright (C) 1992-1994 Barham Software. All rights reserved. Portions copyright LifeBoat Software. Portions copyright Pete I. Kvitek. Demo II is a trademark of LifeBoat Software. Dan Bricklin's is a registered trademark of Daniel Bricklin. ************************************************************************ *** *** *** THIS FILE IS A SIMPLE ASCII VERSION OF THE GAKUSEI USER'S GUIDE. *** *** REGISTERED USERS WILL RECEIVE A BEAUTIFULLY FORMATTED *** *** AND INDEXED VERSION. *** *** *** *** *** ************************************************************************ Gakusei is created by: Barham Software 15507 S. Normandie Ave. #245 Gardena, CA 90247-4028 Telephone: 1-310-327-4862 CompuServe: 70700,2225 Internet: 70700.2225@CompuServe.com -1- DISCLAIMER - AGREEMENT Users of Gakusei must accept this disclaimer of warranty: "Gakusei is supplied as is. Barham Software (the author) disclaims all warranties, expressed or implied, including, without limitation, the warranties of merchantability and of fitness for any purpose. The author assumes no liability for damages, direct or consequential, which may result from the use of Gakusei ." Gakusei is a "shareware program" and is provided at no charge to the user for evaluation. Feel free to share it with your friends, but please do not give it away altered or as part of another system. The essence of "user-supported" software is to provide personal computer users with quality software without high prices, and yet to provide incentive for programmers to continue to develop new products. If you find this program useful and find that you are using Gakusei and continue to use Gakusei after a reasonable trial period, you must make a registration payment of $55 to Barham Software. You will be sent additional lessons when your payment is received. The $55 registration fee will license one copy for use on any one computer at any one time. You must treat this software just like a book. An example is that this software may be used by any number of people and may be freely moved from one computer location to another, so long as there is no possibility of it being used at one location while it's being used at another; just as a book cannot be read by two different persons at the same time. Commercial users of Gakusei must register and pay for their copies of Gakusei within 30 days of first use or their license is withdrawn. Site-License arrangements may be made by contacting Barham Software. Anyone distributing Gakusei for any kind of remuneration must first contact Barham Software at the address above for authorization. This authorization will be automatically granted to distributors recognized by the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP) as adhering to its guidelines for shareware distributors, and such distributors may begin offering Gakusei immediately. (However, Barham Software must still be advised so that the distributor can be kept up-to-date with the latest version of Gakusei .) You are encouraged to pass a demonstration copy of Gakusei along to your friends for evaluation. Please encourage them to register their copy if they find that they can use it. All registered users will receive a copy of the latest version of the Gakusei system. Barham Software is a member of the Association of Shareware Professionals (ASP). ASP wants to make sure that the shareware principle works for you. If you are unable to resolve a shareware-related problem with an ASP member by contacting the member directly, ASP may be able to help. The ASP Ombudsman can help you resolve a dispute or problem with an ASP member, but does not provide technical support for members' products. Please write to the ASP Ombudsman at 545 Grover Road, Muskegon, MI 49442-9427 USA, FAX 616-788-2765 or send a Compuserve message via CompuServe Mail to ASP Ombudsman 70007,3536 -2- TABLE OF CONTENTS 1. INTRODUCTION 4 2. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS 6 3. INSTALLATION 7 4. STARTING GAKUSEI 9 5. BROWSER 10 6. LESSONS 12 7. EXERCISES 14 8. DICTIONARY 18 9. LESSON GLOSSARY 22 10. JAPANESE KEYBOARD 23 11. PRINTING 24 12. EXITING GAKUSEI 27 13. CUSTOMIZING THE SYLLABUS 27 14. TROUBLESHOOTING 28 15. PRODUCT INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION 33 Appendix A: TEXTBOOK COMPATIBILITY CHART 35 Appendix B: PRINTER COMPATIBILITY CHART 38 Appendix C: SYLLABUS 40 Appendix D: INTERNATIONAL DEALERS 41 ORDERING AND REGISTRATION FORM 42 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS I would like to thank the following people for their friendship, insight, encouragement, and assistance: Kazuhiro Hirata, Tatsumi Takayama, and their coworkers at Fuji Xerox in Iwatsuki, Japan. Lena Zaytseva (Botic, Russia), for being an alpha test "guinea pig" prior to 1.0 release. Cheryl Nesbitt and Sayuri Teruya, for reviewing Gakusei. Yuko Kawanishi, Takiko Morimoto, Hisae Nakanishi and Rikio Terachi, for teaching me in El Camino College and UCLA classrooms. Ryuji Kobayashi (Hiroshima, Japan) and Masaki Takamatsu, for subjecting themselves to my terrible English tutoring. Diane Kimiko Uchima Windell, for using Gakusei to "figure out" the Japanese she heard her parents and grandparents speak while growing up in Hawaii. -3- 1. INTRODUCTION Irasshaimase, and welcome to Gakusei! Gakusei 1.1 is a DOS-based elementary Japanese grammar and usage tutorial that runs on IBM PCs and compatibles. If you are starting to study Japanese from scratch, Gakusei will give you a taste of grammar. If you teach elementary Japanese, you might consider using Gakusei to supplement your other teaching materials. Gakusei has been reviewed by native and fluent Japanese speakers, and every effort has been made to ensure grammatical accuracy. Keep in mind, however, that grammar is only one piece of the linguistic puzzle. Japanese, like every language, has its own grammar rules, spoken and written styles, slang, dialects, and modern and archaic vocabulary. In addition, Japanese is notorious for its distinct politeness levels, and for the variations between male and female speech. Most of the Japanese you see in Gakusei is "standard politeness", which is often called the DESU-MASU form in textbooks. (If you don't know what DESU and MASU are, don't worry! You will know after you do lessons 5 and 9!) Some of the Japanese in Gakusei may sound "odd" or "funny" to a native Japanese ear, but it will certainly be understandable. The best way to know what is "in" and what is "out" in Japanese is to seek out opportunities to practice reading it, writing it, and speaking it with others. A computer program cannot substitute for real-life experience. Gakusei does not provide translation, use multimedia affects, teach stroke order, or explicitly teach any Kanji. Nor does it provide extensive cultural, historical, or geographical information on Japan, except where needed, for exampl e in except where it is needed, for example, in teaching the various ways of referring to family members, depending on whether they are your own family members or somebody else's family members. We have responded to initial user feedback from 1.0 and made Gakusei 1.1 a little easier to install and use. The entire 1.1 demo now contains 20 lessons, not 6. Kanji has been added. So many of you have asked for a bigger display font. We apologize for not providing a bigger display font in 1.1. This feature will be addressed first in any future version. -4- Feature Summary The 30 Gakusei lessons cover a broad range of material, including: an introduction to kana; a sampling of onomatopoeia; usage of the DESU copula and the ARIMASU-IMASU verbs of existence; usage of WA and GA; formation of the dictionary, -MASU, -TE, and -NAI verb forms, NA adjectives and true adjectives, numbers, arithmetic, counters, and much, much more. Roomaji, Hiragana, and Katakana are used starting in lesson 1. Kanji is used starting in lesson 16. The exercises at the end of each lesson will ask you to type answers using the "virtual" kana keyboards in Gakusei. Although you do not HAVE to use the keyboards, they may help reinforce your kana learning. The Gakusei dictionary summarizes the forms of verbs and true adjectives that you see in the lessons and exercises. If you have a compatible printer, you can print a screen shot of any of the Japanese you see on your screen. Romanized Japanese Gakusei uses the conventions listed below in its presentation of Romanized Japanese. These conventions may differ from those of your textbook or dictionary: Long vowels are represented with doubled vowels. Some learning aids use a long bar over a vowel to represent a long vowel. The syllables starting with t are spelled as ta, chi, tsu, te to. Some learning aids use ta, ti, tu, te, to. The syllables starting with s are spelled as sa, shi, su, se, so. Some learning aids use sa, si, su, se, so. The syllables starting with r are spelled as ra, ri, ru, re, ro. Some learning aids use la, li, lu, le, lo. -5- Keyboard Layout The Hiragana and Katakana keyboard layouts are designed to match as closely as possible the keyboard layouts on Japanese word processing equipment. You should note that the character for "mu" is located on the += (plus, equal) key on the upper right corner of the main keyboard. "-" for Katakana long vowels is located on the :; (colon, semicolon) key. For further information, read the section KEYBOARD. 2. SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS Gakusei is especially designed to run on low-end, older PC hardware. For further details, see section 2, SYSTEM REQUIREMENTS. Your IBM PC or compatible needs a minimum of 640 KB of memory, a hard disk with 3 Mb available, and a monochrome display with an EGA or VGA /SVGA display adapter. DOS 3.3 or later must be installed. If you have a CGA or Hercules adapter, it is not compatible. If you want to print lesson or exercise screens with Japanese characters, you will need an Epson LQ or compatible dot matrix printer with a 32K buffer, or an HPLJ 2 or compatible laser printer. Gakusei assumes that your printer is on port LPT1, which is the configuration on most PCs. Please read section 14, TROUBLESHOOTING/Problems with Printing, section 11, PRINTING, and APPENDIX B: PRINTER COMPATIBILITY CHART, for more details on printing hardware. It is not recommended that you run Gakusei from a full-screen DOS shell in MS-Windows. If you do decide to run it in this manner, keep in mind that to print a screen, you must use the Shift- PrintScreen key combination instead of the PrintScreen key alone. Certain older adapters do not fully implement EGA BIOS services (e.g., Renaissance 1.00a by Appian Technology) and will not run Gakusei. -6- 3. INSTALLATION If you obtained the shareware version of Gakusei 1.1 in 2 separate 360K diskettes, each should come with its own installation utility (INSTALL.EXE). If there are no INSTALL.EXE files on the diskettes, follow the Manual Installation instructions below for EACH diskette. If INSTALL.EXE is on the diskettes, follow the Automatic Installation instructions below for EACH diskette. The default target directory for installation is C:\GAKUSEI. On the 2-disk version, the names of the self- extractors are GAKU11V1.EXE and GAKU11V2.EXE. If you are installing both volumes of the shareware version from a single diskette, or you are installing the full version, the name of the self-extractor is GAKU11.EXE (as shown below). Manual Installation To manually install Gakusei into the location of your choice, pick a directory name (in this example it will be C:\TUTORIAL), and type the following: C:\> mkdir c:\tutorial (make target directory if it doesn't exist) C:\> cd c:\tutorial (go to target directory) C:\> del *.* (delete previous Gakusei files, if you've installed before) C:\TUTORIAL> copy a:gaku11.exe *.* (copy extractor from a: drive if diskette is in a: drive) OR C:\TUTORIAL> copy b:gaku11.exe *.* (copy extractor from b:drive if diskette is in b:drive) C:\TUTORIAL> gaku11.exe (extract software) C:\TUTORIAL> del gaku11.exe (delete extractor - installation is complete) -7- Automatic Installation If you inserted the installation diskette into drive A:, type C:\> A: (switch to the A drive) A:\> install (start installation from the A drive) If you inserted the installation diskette into drive B:, type C:\> B: (switch to the B drive) B:\> install (start installation from the B drive) You will see the following message: Default installation directory is C:\GAKUSEI Enter an installation directory and press ENTER, or press ENTER to accept the default. ===> After you have entered a directory or accepted the default, you will see the following message Target path is , type Y if OK: To complete the installation, enter Y Most (but not all) PCs and compatibles address their 5.25" diskette drives as the A: drives, and their 3.5" diskette drives as the B: drives. If your drives are reversed, you will still be able to install Gakusei from either type of diskette. You must run INSTALL.EXE from the disk drive into which you inserted the installation disk. If an older version of Gakusei is already installed on your hard disk and you entered its location as your installation directory, the older files will automatically be deleted. If you have a printer, you should read section 11, PRINTING, before you proceed with starting the tutorial. -8- 4. STARTING GAKUSEI From the command line, switch to the directory where Gakusei is installed: C:\> cd gakusei (go to installation directory) Then start the tutorial: C:\GAKUSEI> gakusei When Gakusei starts, you will see a copyright notice by Sage Software, Inc. for Dan Bricklin Demo II. (Demo II is now a product of LifeBoat Software.) This screen mentions the ability to abort the program by typing CTRL-Break. Ignore this possibility. If you exit Gakusei with CTRL- Break, your computer's memory will be left fragmented, and you may have to reboot in order to run another large application. The only way you should exit Gakusei is to follow the on screen prompts of ESC, then END. When you see the Sage copyright notice, press the Enter key. The screen will go blank for a moment as the tutorial initializes. The first screen you will then see says "Irasshaimase". ("Irasshaimase" is a polite Japanese expression that means, "Welcome!") When you press the Enter key, the next screen you will see is the Browser. -9- 5. BROWSER The Browser contains the lesson syllabus, or table of contents. Viewing the Lesson Syllabus The lesson that you see on the first line is either the very first lesson in the syllabus, or the last lesson that you viewed. If you are running Gakusei for the first time, it will not have any previous "memory" of the lesson that you most recently viewed, so the Browser starts with the first lesson listed in the syllabus. For subsequent times, Gakusei will record a "bookmark" so that you will not have to scroll down a long list of lessons each time you use the Browser. The Down-Arrow or PageDown keys will scroll the lessons forward and the Up-Arrow or PageUp keys will scroll the lessons backward. Choosing a Lesson Use the Enter key to select the lesson on the first line of the Browser. The first line is marked on the right end by two left arrows. When you have your lesson of choice positioned on that first line, you can start that lesson by pressing the Enter key. You may read the lessons in any order and as many times as you want. Volume 1 of 1.1 shareware version comes with lessons 16-20. Volume 2 contains lessons 1-15. Configuring your Printer If you wish to check your printer configuration, press Shift-F7, then ESC or F7 to leave the configuration screen. If you have just installed Gakusei and you are running Gakusei for the first time, now is a good time to set the configuration of your printer. See section 11, PRINTING. Initializing your Printer To initialize your printer for Japanese character printing, press F7. If your printer is not yet configured, the printer configuration menu will appear where you must choose a printer type. See section 11, PRINTING. -10- Printing the Syllabus You can get a printed copy of the syllabus by exiting Gakusei back to DOS and using DOS print or DOS copy to print the file "syllabus". C:\> cd c:\gakusei (go to installation directory) C:\GAKUSEI>copy syllabus lpt1 (print the syllabus file) Viewing the Lesson Glossary From the Browser you can view the Glossary. Press the F3 key to view the Glossary. Press F3 again or ESC when done. Leaving the Browser The ESC key will pop up the exit window. When the exit window is open, pressing the End key will make the tutorial return to DOS. -11- 6. LESSONS Gakusei lessons are narrow in scope, limited to one new concept if possible. A single chapter in a textbook, on the other hand, might be quite long, and may introduce as many as six new concepts. The lessons use a mixture of Roomaji and Kana in its presentations. Kanji is added starting in lesson 16. Presentation style changes slightly between the first 15 lessons (lessons 1-15) and second set of 15 lessons(16-30). In the first set of 15 lessons, emphasized lesson items are often highlighted or blinking, or both. In the second set of 15 lessons, emphasized items have highlighted boxes drawn around them. Kanji appear highlighted. When you see a lesson that is of interest to you, position the lesson so that it appears on the first line of the browser, which has the two left arrows on the right end of the line. When you press the Enter key, you will start the lesson. Notice that a typical lesson page has indications for the lesson number in the upper left corner, the lesson subject in the top center, and the lesson page number at the upper right. In addition, there are indications at the bottom of the screen for help, quit, next activity, and the character input mode. Some lessons run short animation sequences. In those brief time intervals during which the animations run, key presses will be ignored. Help When you press F1, a help screen appears. The help screen contains a condensed version of the information in this document. The help screen disappears when you press F1 again or ESC. Go to Beginning of Lesson From any page in the lesson, you can return to the beginning of that lesson by pressing Home. Go to End of Lesson From any page in the lesson, you can skip to the end of the lesson by pressing End. View Next Page To view the next page of a lesson, or see the next part of an animation, press Enter or Page Down. -12- View Previous Page To view the previous page of a lesson, press Backspace or Page Up. Use Dictionary You can access the dictionary by pressing F2. When you are done with the dictionary and want to return to the lesson, press F2 again. View Lesson Glossary Press F3 to view the Glossary. Use Page Up key to page ahead in the lesson glossary; use Page Down key to page backwards. Press F3 again or ESC to leave the Glossary and return to the lesson. View Syllabary Charts Press F4 to view the Hiragana and Katakana charts. Page through the charts using Enter or Page Down. Press F4 again or ESC to turn off the syllabary help charts and resume the lesson. Configure or Initialize Printer To review the existing printer configuration, press Shift-F7. If the printer is already configured, turn on the printer, then on the computer keyboard, press F7 to initialize it. See section 11, PRINTING. Skip to Exercise If you don't want to read the lesson, but just skip ahead to the exercise, press the End key, then Enter. End of the Lesson The last page or last few pages will summarize the concepts presented in the lesson and any vocabulary that was introduced. A "LAST PAGE" indicator blinks to indicate that the lesson is complete. When you are viewing the lesson page with the "LAST PAGE" indicator, you will start an exercise when you next press the Enter key. Once you start the exercise, you cannot return directly to the lesson. Leave the Lesson You may leave the lesson at any time by pressing the ESC key, then End key. When you leave the lesson you will return to the Browser. -13- 7. EXERCISES You will start an exercise when you've reached the last page of a lesson and you press the Enter key again. Once you start an exercise, you cannot go directly back to the lesson. To go back to the lesson, you have to leave the exercise, and choose the lesson again from the browser. The exercises are short drills designed to give you vocabulary and grammar practice and allow you to practice using the Hiragana and Katakana keyboards. They are designed to reinforce what was in the lesson. Currently there is no feature to save exercise work to file and reload it at a later time. When you leave the exercise, your work is not saved. Typically, a 'multiple-character-mode' exercise will have you type responses in Roomaji in the first column; in the second column you will need to use F10 to select Hiragana or Katakana mode. A highlight bar will appear on the display where the exercise expects input. A highlight bar will remain on any field that you typed in or passed over. A new highlight bar will appear wherever you advance the active input field. Exercises 26-30 may ask you to input the Kanji for digits 1 through 9. To do this, use Roomaji input mode, and use the number keys that correspond to the Kanji digits. To enter 10, type Roomaji mode colon (:). To enter 100, type Roomaji mode uppercase A. The instructions in exercises 26-30 tell you to switch back and forth between Roomaji and Hiragana mode for entering Japanese counters in each field. This is the "difficult" way to do these exercises. An easier way is to first use Roomaji mode and fill in the Kanji in each field; then, switch to Hiragana mode, go back to the first field, and add on any necessary Hiragana to your answers. Help When you press F1, a help screen appears. The help screen contains a condensed version of the information in this document. The help screen disappears when you press F1 again or ESC. -14- Exercise Editing Operations Move to Next Fill-in Question Press the Enter key or Tab key to advance to the next fill-in question. As you keep hitting an advance key, the exercise will automatically move the cursor to the beginning of the next question. After you fill in the last exercise field on a page, pressing Enter will turn to the next page in the exercise. When you have reached the last field in the exercise and press Enter again, you will hear a 'thud'. Move to Next Page of Exercise If you have advanced to the last question on a page, press Enter to move to the next page. Move to Top of Exercise Page If you have advanced to the last question on a page, press Tab to circle back to the top of the same page. Move to Previous Fill-in Question If you find that you made a mistake in a previous question, type Shift-Tab to move back one question. Press Shift-Tab repeatedly and you will backspace through the fields. As you Shift-Tab through the fields that you filled in, you will notice that the highlight bars turn off. They will reappear when you Enter or Tab over the fields again. Your input is not altered until you move to a field, erase your input with BackSpace and retype it. Your input is not lost until you leave the exercise and return to the Browser. Move to Previous Exercise Page If you type Shift-Tab at the top of an exercise page, you will return to the previous page in the exercise. If you Shift-Tab all the way back to the first field on the first page, then type Shift-Tab again, you will hear a 'thud'. -15- Preview / Review Exercise Page You can peek ahead to the next page of the exercise by pressing the PageDown key, and you can review the previous page of the exercise by pressing the PageUp key. These two keys do NOT move the active input field; to move the active input field you must use the Enter and Shift-Tab keys. A warning will blink on the screen if you are viewing a page that is different from the page where you last typed input. If you press the PageDown key and hear a 'thud', this means you have reached the last page of that exercise. If you press the PageUp key and hear the 'thud', you have reached the first page. View Answer You can check your answer against the tutorial answer by pressing the F8 key. The answer box that pops open will contain an appropriate response to the current question (the question at which you are typing input). Close the answer box by pressing F8 again or by pressing ESC. If you move along to another question, the answer box does NOT automatically update itself. You must 'refresh' the answer box by closing it, then reopening it. Change Input Character Set The F10 key toggles the input mode between Roomaji, Hiragana, and Katakana in all parts of the tutorial. You should leave the tutorial in "Roomaji" mode unless an exercise specifically asks for Hiragana or Katakana input. Use Dictionary You can access the dictionary by pressing F2. When you are done with the dictionary and want to return to the exercise, press F2 again. View Lesson Glossary Press F3 to view the lesson glossary. Use Page Up key to page ahead in the lesson glossary; use Page Down key to page backwards. Press F3 again or ESC to leave the lesson glossary and return to the exercise. -16- View Syllabary Charts Press F4 to view the Hiragana and Katakana charts. Page through the charts using Enter or Page Down. Press F4 again or ESC to turn off the charts and resume the exercise. View Keyboard Screens Press F5 to view the screens. Page through the charts using Enter or Page Down. Press F5 again or ESC to turn off the charts and resume the exercise. Configure or Initialize Printer To review the existing printer configuration, press Shift-F7. If the printer is already configured, turn on the printer, then press F7 to initialize it. See section 11, PRINTING. Exit Exercise Press ESC for the Exit Window. The exit window that pops up will say to press the End key to exit back to the browser. If you do not want to leave the exercise at this point, press ESC again to resume the exercise. If you want printed copies of your work, be sure and print them out before you leave the exercise. The exercise will exit back to the lesson browser. If you forgot to reset the input mode back to 'Roomaji', a reminder window will appear on the browser screen, and you can reset it in the browser. -17- 8. DICTIONARY The dictionary is a very powerful, timesaving tool. The dictionary can look up words and conjugate verbs and true adjectives. The search word must be in dictionary form. With the look up feature, the search word that you enter can be either Japanese or English. You can enter the Japanese word in either Roomaji or in Hiragana (assuming that the word has been stored in the dictionary with its Hiragana spelling). With the conjugate feature you can view a matched verb or adjective in many forms which use those conjugations. You can even view the conjugations of irregular verbs such as kuru and -suru. The dictionary will display up to eighteen words that match your search word. Conventions Used in the Dictionary Search words that have been found will appear in the 'match' area of the display. Starting from the left side of the display, a match record will list the Japanese word in Roomaji, the word in Hiragana, the English meaning, and the part of speech to which the word belongs. These parts of speech are listed here with how they are indicated in the match area. Noun Noun True Adjective True Adjective Adjectival Noun Adjectival Noun Non-conjugating Verbs (-iru, -eru) Minor Vb Conjugating Verbs ending in -tsu Major Vb 1 - TSU Conjugating Verbs ending in -u Major Vb 1 - U Conjugating Verbs ending in -ru Major Vb 1- RU Conjugating Verbs ending in -nu,-mu,-bu Major Vb 2 - /N/M/BU Conjugating Verbs ending in -ku Major Vb 3 - KU Conjugating Verb -iku with irregular -TE form Major Vb 3 Irr -TE Conjugating Verbs ending in -gu Major Vb 4 - GU Conjugating Verbs ending in -su Major Vb 5 - SU Chinese (suru) Verb Irreg Verb SURU kuru Irreg Verb KURU -18- Past tense forms of verbs listed in the verb conjugations are interchangeably indicated with PAST and PERFECT. Present tense verbs are interchangeably indicated with PRESENT and IMPERFECT. Affirmative forms of verbs listed in the conjugations are interchangeably indicated with A , AFF, and AFFIRMATIVE. Negative verbs are interchangeably indicated with N, NEG, and NEGATIVE. Many Chinese, or SURU verbs, can optionally be represented with a direct object relational between the noun portion and the SURU portion. The convention used in Gakusei is to not use the direct object representation. benkyoo o suru Do not use this form of the SURU verb for searching. benkyoo suru Use this form of the SURU verb for searching. Accessing and Leaving the Dictionary You can access the dictionary from any lesson or exercise by pressing the F2 key. When you are finished with the dictionary, return to your lesson or exercise by pressing F2 again. Help When you press F1, a help screen appears. The help screen contains a condensed version of the information in this section. The help screen disappears when you press F1 again or ESC. Configure or Initialize Printer To review the existing printer configuration, press Shift-F7. If the printer is already configured, turn on the printer, then press F7 to initialize it. See section 11, PRINTING. -19- Finding a Word The small bar near the top of the dictionary screen is where your search word is entered and displayed. You will see a blinking cursor next to Word: on this word bar. You can now enter your search word. When you press Enter, the dictionary searches for matches. When it finds any matches, the dictionary shows the matches in the match area as shown: Word: read yomu to read Major Vb 2 -/N/M/BU If there is more than 1 match for the word, the first match will be highlighted and the other matches will appear beneath it. The tutorial will display a maximum of 18 matches in the match area. If more than 18 matches are found, Gakusei will display the first 18 and display the message More than 18 matches were found. Please restrict your search. appearing immediately below the search word field. Choosing a word To choose a word, use the Up- and Down-Arrow keys to scroll among the matches. Figure 1 shows a dictionary match area with "kaeru" as the search word. (The Hiragana is not shown in the match records.) +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | | | Word: kaeru | | | | kaeru to change, convert, alter Minor Vb | | | | kaeru to return home, go back Major Vb 1 -RU | | | | kaeru frog Noun | | | +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 1. Dictionary Returned Multiple Matches After you have scrolled to your match choice, press Enter. -20- Expanding a Word After you have chosen a dictionary match with the Enter key, use the Enter or Page Down key to view the conjugation of the word. +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ | yomu to read Major Vb 2 -/N/M/BU | | | | Word: yomu | | | | USAGES OF DICTIONARY FORM | | | | INTENTIONAL IMPERFECT INTENTIONAL PERFECT | | | |A yomu tsumori desu yomu tsumori deshita | |N yomu tsumori dewa arimasen yomu tsumori dewa arimasen deshita | | | | POTENTIAL IMPERFECT POTENTIAL PERFECT | | | |A yomu koto ga dekimasu yomu koto ga dekimashita | |N yomu koto ga dekimasen yomu koto ga dekimasen deshita | | | | AFF EXPECTATION IMPERFECT AFF EXPECTATION PERFECT IN ORDER TO | | | | yomu hazu desu yomu hazu deshita yomu tame ni | | | | NARA AFF CONDITIONAL SECONDHAND INFO PROBABLE FUTURE | | | | yomu nara yomu soo desu yomu deshoo | | INPUT | |F1 HELP F2 Return to lesson Page Up, Page Down Conjugate Selection Roomaji| +---------------------------------------------------------------------------+ Figure 2. Dictionary Form of Verb Expansion Stopping a word expansion When you are finished viewing the word expansion, press ESC once to clear the expansion from the display. The dictionary screen then shows the dictionary matches for your last search request. You can scroll and choose another match at this point. Entering another search word Press ESC again to clear the existing matches off the display. At this point you can enter another word in the word search bar. -21- 9. LESSON GLOSSARY If you want to know more about a specific grammatical concept, or certain usage, search for it in the Glossary. Finding more references to a topic of interest will point you to the appropriate lessons that cover that particular topic. Viewing the Glossary From the Browser, a lesson, or exercise, press F3. Searching the Glossary Use the Enter or Page Down key to page forward in the Glossary. Use Backspace and Page Up to page backward. Printing the Glossary You can get a printed copy of the Glossary by exiting Gakusei back to DOS and using DOS print or DOS copy to print the file "topic.ind". C:\> cd c:\gakusei (go to installation directory) C:\GAKUSEI>copy topic.ind lpt1 (print the glossary file) Leave the Glossary Press F3 again or ESC to leave the Glossary. -22- 10. JAPANESE KEYBOARD Within the exercises, it is possible to type Roomaji, Hiragana, or Katakana characters. The tutorial maintains an indicator in the lower right corner of the display that tells you which character set is the "active" input character set. You can switch between the Roomaji, Hiragana, and Katakana character sets by pressing F10. The tutorial initializes with "Roomaji"; if you keep pressing F10 you will see the indicator change to "Hiragana", "Katakana", then back to "Roomaji". The keyboard should remain in Roomaji mode until an exercise asks you to type your answers in Hiragana or Katakana. At that time it is appropriate to switch the input mode by pressing F10. Whenever you need to see pictures of the keyboards, press F5. To type a 2-dotted voiced Japanese character, type , R-Shift-. To type a 1-circle character, type , L-Shift-. To type a subscript character, type -. The subscript chars are: 'tsu', 'ya', 'yu', and 'yo'. Katakana has additional subscripts 'a', 'i', 'u', 'e', and 'o'. To type a Katakana long vowel symbol, press -<;> (ALT + semicolon/colon key). Exercises 26-30 ask for Kanji input for numbers. To enter the digits from 1 through 9, simply type the corresponding number keys while in Roomaji input mode. To enter the Kanji for 10, type colon(:). To enter Kanji for 100, type uppercase A. examples: word: in Hiragana input mode, you would type: jitensha d , Right-Shift d , w , y , d , ALT 6 kekkon ' (comma/quote key), ALT z , b , y juppun d , Right-Shift d , ALT 7 , ALT z , 1 , Left-Shift 1, y in Katakana input mode, you would type: koohii b , ALT ; , v, ALT ; fasshon 1 , ALT 2 , ALT z , d , ALT 8 , y cheen a , ALT 3 , ALT ; , y -23- 11. PRINTING Gakusei is designed to be used with Epson LQ compatible dot matrix printers equipped with 32K memory buffers, and with HPLJ 2 compatible laser printers. Gakusei assumes that your printer port is LPT1. If you have a dot-matrix printer, check the glossary of your printer manual under "buffer", "RAM", or "download font". Most dot matrix printer manufacturers sell add-on memory as a printer accessory. The only make/model known to-date that does not require the add-on memory is the Star-Micronics NX-2420 Rainbow. Settings on your printer The dip switches or menu settings on your printer must be configured to accept Gakusei's Japanese character download font. Dot matrix printers (Epson-LQ / compatibles) Make sure that your dip switches or menu settings are configured as follows: -- Epson escape sequences (may be called "standard mode" in your printer manual) -- printer RAM is set as a download buffer, not input buffer -- Character table type is set as graphics, not italics -- character set mode is U.S.A. -- LQ font selection example: Star-Micronics NX-2420 Rainbow printer required settings are: A-1 emulation ON (standard mode is Epson) A-2 RAM Usage OFF (sets RAM as download buffer) D-1 character table ON (graphics character mode) D-2-4 character set ON ON ON (USA character set) E-1-4 Tms-Roman ON ON ON ON (Times-Roman LQ font selection) A valid printer configuration sheet would like this: CURRENT EDS SETTINGS Bank A B C D E Switch 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 ON * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * * OFF * * * -24- example: Panasonic KPX-1123 printer required settings are: R1 R2 R3 COLUMN: ON OFF OFF C2 (mode is Epson graphic) ON ON OFF C2 (Courier font selection) OFF ON OFF C1 (USA character set) BLINK OFF OFF C1 (download buffer enabled) * * Panasonic KPX-1123 needs a 32K add-on memory chip A valid printer configuration sheet would look like this: INITIAL SETUP condition * Emulation mode : LQ-850 Graphic * Default font : Courier * Int'l char set : USA * Download buffer : Enable * Cut sheet feeder : OFF * Buzzer sound : ON * Zero font : 0 * Alt. Graphic Mode : OFF * Data length : 8 * Image direction : Uni-direction * Skip perforation : OFF * Automatic LF : OFF * Automatic CR : OFF * P.O detector : ON LQ-850 is a trademark of EPSON America, Inc. Laser Printers (HPLJ 2 and compatibles) For HPLJ2 compatible users, check the following settings on your laser printer: * HPLJ2 emulation mode * at least .5 MB RAM No additional printer menu setup should be required. Choosing a printer type Once you have configured your printer with the settings that Gakusei needs, you must let Gakusei know what printer type you want to use. If Gakusei is not running on your PC, go ahead and start the tutorial (section 4). Start the printer setup menu by pressing Shift-F7. If you have a dot-matrix printer, you will want to select Epson LQ or compatible in the printer setup menu. If you have a laser printer, you will probably want to select HPLJ or compatible, although some laser printers emulate Epson escape sequences. -25- Your computer may hang, or your printer could start spewing paper if you configure the wrong type of printer. To recover from such a situation, turn off your printer. When control returns to the tutorial, turn the printer back on and reconfigure by typing Shift-F7. Viewing your printer setup If you want to view or review your printer choice, press Shift-F7. A highlight bar will appear across your choice. After a new installation, the highlight bar will appear across the printer type None. Use the Up-Arrow or Down-Arrow key to scroll to a printer type. Press Enter to save the selection. Press F7 or ESC to exit the printer setup menu. Initializing the Printer Make sure that your printer is turned on and that it is properly connected. Give a laser printer adequate time to "warm up". Press the F7 key to initialize the printer with the Japanese character font. A printer choice reminder will pop up on the screen after you press F7. Press F7 again to proceed with initialization of the printer, or press ESC to cancel printer initialization. The initialization may take a while on some laser printer models. Be patient and expect to wait several seconds before the tutorial screen returns. Your computer may hang, or your printer could start spewing paper if you configure the wrong type of printer. To recover from such a situation, turn off your printer. When control returns to the tutorial, turn the printer back on and reconfigure by typing Shift-F7. There should be an audible beep when initialization is complete. If your printer is not turned on when you press F7, you may see the DOS prompt, Write fault error writing device LPT1 Abort, Retry, Ignore, Fail? > If you cannot turn on the printer for any reason, type A to abort. If your printer is available, turn it on and type R to retry. The tutorial will continue where it left off. -26- Printing a lesson or exercise page After the printer has been properly initialized, press the PrintScreen key to get a screen dump of the current lesson or exercise screen visible on your display. If you are running Gakusei from DOS full-screen mode in Windows, you must press Shift-PrintScreen to print the display. If you forget to initialize your printer before you use PrintScreen, you will see IBM Graphics characters appear on your output where Japanese characters would normally appear. Browser and lesson glossary screens should not be printed out with PrintScreen; if you wish to print the information in the browser or lesson glossary, you should exit Gakusei and print the files "syllabus" or "topic.ind". There are times when a user may switch to using a different type of printer. If you've already configured this tutorial to print, say, Epson LQ, and you've switched to a printer that prints HPLJ 2, you can reconfigure the tutorial to use the new printer. See Choosing a Printer Type. 12. EXITING GAKUSEI If you are in a lesson or exercise, the exit function will return you to the browser. Leave the lesson or exercise by pressing ESC, then End. If you are in the browser, you exit Gakusei, back to DOS, by pressing the same keys: ESC, then End. If you are leaving from an exercise, be sure to print the work you want to be printed before you exit. (See section 11, PRINTING.) Do NOT use Control-Break to exit the tutorial. This may cause a hang or other strange results. 13. CUSTOMIZING THE SYLLABUS See Appendix A, Textbook Compatibility Chart, for information on matching your classroom textbook with the Gakusei syllabus. Compatibility charts are shown for three textbooks. -27- 14. TROUBLESHOOTING Hangs -- Gakusei hangs the PC while loading. -- Some very old EGA video adapters may not implement the full BIOS video function set that Gakusei needs. This is extremely rare; to date, we have encountered this problem only once. You can isolate the hang to the Gakusei video driver by taking the following steps: * reboot your PC * change to the Gakusei directory * in the Gakusei directory, type japvideo * if the machine hangs at this point, your video adapter probably does not fully implement the EGA BIOS services. Please let Barham Software know what make and model video adapter is in your PC. * If the machine does not hang, type japvideo -d and inform Barham Software that you are experiencing a hang of unknown origin. -- Gakusei hangs when I try to initialize the printer, or when I exit the program. - Make sure you have version 1.1.1 or better. Display Problems -- Gakusei dialog boxes have a funny gray "see-through" color and they don't completely cover the screen text underneath the dialog. Or, there are odd gray patches on otherwise black areas of some screens. On the PC in which this problem was discovered, a Trident SVGA adapter was installed, and CONFIG.SYS loaded device=C:\DOS\ANSI.SYS. The CONFIG.SYS file was edited to use Trident's ANSI driver: device=C:\TVGA\TVGAUTIL\TANSI.SYS Changing from the DOS driver to the driver designed for the particular video hardware fixed the problem. This is another rare problem and has been encountered to-date only once. -28- -- Japanese characters appear on the display as IBM graphics characters or English characters. Gakusei 1.1 has been enhanced to do adapter compatibility diagnostics and provide video codepage support. If you see IBM graphics characters on your screen in spite of these additions, please inform us. -- Screens appear dark. Some VGA/SVGA adapters configured as EGA/monochrome do not "emulate" this configuration especially well. A true EGA adapter and monochrome display deal with the screen contrast correctly. If you have a color monitor but run it in monochrome mode, use the color! Keyboard Problems -- Character set indicator does not match what I am typing. There are some rare places in the tutorial where pressing the F10 key at the wrong time could potentially get the character set mode "out of sync". If this should occur, exit the tutorial and enter it again. As long as you follow the general guideline to leave the character set mode as "Roomaji" until an exercise requests a different mode, you will not experience this problem. Printing Problems -- Japanese characters do not print; English letter output looks OK but instead of printing Japanese characters, English or IBM graphic characters are printed. 1) You might have forgotten to initialize your printer by pressing the F7 key. If you turned off your printer and turned it on again while you were running Gakusei, you need to initialize the printer again! 2) The printer might not have enough memory installed to accept the downloaded font. 3) The printer configuration may be incorrect. Refer to Section 11. -- I don't get any readable printout at all. Is your printer port on LPT1? -29- Checking Out New Printing Hardware Please make sure that your printer, printer cable, and I/O board components are in good working order before trying to print from Gakusei. In other words, if any component has not previously been used or is untested, you should verify that it works before trying to print from Gakusei. In particular, if you have any new components, please verify the following on your system: 1) The printer cable has a 25-pin connector at one end. The I/O connector on the PC has 25 holes. 2) The printer cable has a solid "wedge" at one end. The I/O connector on the printer has a slot into which the wedge will fit. 3) The printer is configured with factory defaults. You will eventually reconfigure the printer, but for now, test it with the factory defaults. Check your printer manual for information on how to reset your printer with factory defaults. Each time you complete attaching a cable and a printer to your PC, you will perform a Print Screen test: 1) Turn on your printer. 2) Turn on the PC; there should be a slight audible noise as the PC resets the printer. 3) When the PC has completed booting, make sure there is no application running, and make sure that a DOS prompt (e.g., C:\>) is available. 4) Press the Enter key a few times. 5) Press the Print Screen key. 6) The printer should print out a copy of what appears on the screen of your PC. Refer to the following chart while fault-isolating a printing problem. The basic idea is to keep trying different components until DOS print screen works. If your system has a mixture of new and old components, it is probably safe to assume a new component is not working until you prove otherwise. -30- PRINTER CABLE I/O BOARD ACTIONS TO TRY 1 new new new Do the Print Screen test. If it succeeds, go to 6. If it fails, make sure the I/O board is correctly jumpered. (Usually you do not have to change jumpers.) Make sure the board is seated tightly inside the PC. You must lean hard on the board as you push it into the adapter slot. Reattach the cable and printer. Repeat the test. If it fails, go to 2; otherwise, go to 6. 2 new used new Substitute a different cable for the new cable. Preferably, it should be a known working cable. Do the Print Screen test. If it succeeds, then there is something wrong with the original cable. Use the working cable, and go to 6. If the test fails, go to 3. 3 used used new Substitute a known working printer for the new untested printer. Attach the working printer to the used cable. Do the Print Screen test. If it succeeds, then there is something wrong with the new untested printer or how its parallel interface is set up. Refer to your new printer manual or contact your new printer vendor. If the test fails, then there may be something wrong with your I/O board. Go to 4. 4 used used used Take the known working printer and used cable to a different PC, preferably, one that is known to have previously worked with a printer. Attach the cable and printer to the alternate PC. Do the Print Screen test. If it succeeds, there is a high probability that there is something wrong with the I/O board in the original PC. Replace that board. If the test failed, go to 5. 5 used used used The DOS Print Screen function works on any PC that is correctly connected to a printer. If it is not working on your PC, ask your local PC expert to look at your system. -31- 6 Once the DOS Print Screen function has succeeded, you have verified that your printing hardware works. At this point, you may now configure your printer with the required settings for Gakusei. Other Printing Problems -- Printer starts spewing out paper after pressing the F7 key. 1) Immediately turn off the printer. Control should return to the tutorial. 2) In Gakusei, type Shift-F7 to return to the Gakusei printer setup menu, and verify your choice of printer. Make sure the choice is correct. If it is, exit Gakusei back to DOS. 3) Verify that the configuration settings on your printer are correct. In particular, verify that the printer mode is Epson, not IBM, and verify that the buffer mode is set for download. 4) Verify that your printer has sufficient RAM memory to download a font. Check your printer manual. With few exceptions, dot matrix printers need the add-on memory accessory! Even if your configuration sheet indicates that your download buffer is enabled, the setting is useless if the printer does not have the extra memory installed. 5) When you have checked that the printer is set up correctly, start Gakusei again, and initialize the printer with F7. Enter a lesson, then press F4 to view the Hiragana chart, then press Print Screen to print the chart. Verify that Japanese characters appear and that the columns of the chart are straight. If the printing problem persists, please notify us. -32- 15. PRODUCT INFORMATION AND REGISTRATION The Gakusei 1.1 demo contains lessons 1-20 (a total of 20 lessons). The registered version contains 30 lessons. Registered users receive a kana keyboard reference chart, a printed user's manual, free updates/fixes, and special pricing on major upgrades. To register, tear off and use the Product Registration Form at the end of this manual. Pricing Prices shown include 8.25% sales tax for California, US/Canada $4 shipping charge, and overseas $7 shipping charge. Canadian prices are shown for users paying in Canadian dollars. CALIFORNIA $63.54 USA $59.00 CANADA C$75.00 OTHERS $62.00 Users who purchased Gakusei 1.0 after 1.1 release can upgrade to 1.1 for $15 plus the handling and sales taxes ($1.24 assuming 8.25% sales tax rate). For EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS that want to use Gakusei, a site license is available. The maximum that an educational institution would pay for Gakusei 1.1 is US $300.00 (plus postage, handling, and any applicable sales tax). 1 license: $ 55.00 2 licenses: $ 95.00 3 licenses: $125.00 4-10 licenses: $150.00-$300.00 ($25/add'l license, to a maximum of US $300 total) more than 10 licenses at a single site: $300.00 (A "site" is a single location, such as a language lab, where the licenses are purchased by a single user, such as a university department.) Compuserve Order Compuserve members may order the full version in the GO SWREG service. The price is US $65 ($55 + $10 handling fee), and is billed to your account. -33- Credit Card Order You can order Gakusei by MC, Visa, Amex, or Discover from PsL. The product number is 11283. Call 800-242-4PSL (800-242-4775) or 713-524- 6394, fax 713-524-6398, or e-mail 71355.470@CompuServe.com. These numbers are only for placing orders. If you have additional questions about the product or your order, you must contact Barham Software directly. Foreign Users If you live outside the US and Canada, check Gakusei International Dealers for dealers that can handle your order transaction in your own local currency. Other Information Barham Software cannot directly accept credit cards. CompuServe orders must be submitted directly to CompuServe, not to us. If you order directly from us, we accept payment by checks drawn in US dollars from US banks that are in the ACH. We also accept checks in Canadian dollars from Canadian banks. Technical Support If you need technical support, or are interested in becoming a dealer, call 1-800-RAN-EASY(1-800- 726-3279). From outside the US and Canada, call 1-310-327-4862. -34- Appendix A: TEXTBOOK COMPATIBILITY CHART The following tables are guides for students and teachers on how to supplement textbook material with lessons from Gakusei. Tables are shown for three Japanese textbooks. Textbook: Learn Japanese, Volumes 1, 2 Authors: Young, Nakajima-Okano TEXTBOOK CHAPTER TEXTBOOK CHAPTER GAKUSEI LESSON GAKUSEI LESSON 2 1, 2, 3, 4 9.4.9 23 3.4.7 20 9.4.11 25 3.4.8 12 9.4.12 (deshita) 15 3.4.10 12 11.4.4 21, 23 3.4.11 18 12.4.2 26 3.4.13 28 12.4.5 10, 18, 24 4.4.1. 4.4.2 15 12.4.6 18 4.4.3, 4,4,4 19 12.4.8 29 4.4.5 20 12.4.9 23 4.4.6 18 13.4.4 27, 28 4.4.7 12 13.4.6 26, 27 4.4.9 24 4.4.10 20 1.4.9 (volume II) 28 5.4.2, 5.4.6 19 1.4.17 27 5.4.3 8, 19 1.4.19 26 5.4.4 11, 18, 19 1.4.21 22 7.4.2 8, 19 2.4.3 28 7.4.3 8 2.4.13 28 7.4.4 16 4.4.3 6, 30 8.4.3, 8.4.5 21 4.4.22 28 8.4.4 9, 25 4.4.23 28 8.4.6 13 5.4.2 16 8.4.7 20 5.4.14 23 8.4.8 24 7.4.17 29 9.4.2 12 8.4.13 25 9.4.5 20 8.4.16 29 9.4.6 14 9.4.2 19 9.4.9, 9.4.10 25 9.4.7 30 9.4.5 20 11.4.5 10 9.4.6 14 -35- Textbook: Colloquial Japanese Author: Inamoto, Noboru TEXTBOOK CHAPTER TEXTBOOK CHAPTER GAKUSEI LESSON GAKUSEI LESSON 1 1, 2, 3, 4 11 (Polite and abrupt) 9, 30 2 (desu) 5, 21 12 (NA and nouns) 16 2 (kore, sore, are) 7 12 (MO as ALSO) 24 2 (true adjectives) 21 13 (-te form - connective) 22 3 (quasi adjective) 14 13 (past tense adjective) 23 3 (kono, sono, ano) 13 14 (compound sentence) 16, 22 3 (possessive) 14 14 (... NI NARU form) 25 3 (Supplement 1) 26 14 (adverbial form adj) 21, 25 4 (direct object) 12 17 (abrupt negative) 30 4 (-te form + KUDASAI) 22 18 (past tense adjective) 23 4 (-te form + IMASU) 31 4 (GA relational) 8, 17 5 ( ..NI ARIMASU) 19 5 (Supplement 2 - people) 27 6 (numeral classifiers) 23 6 (negative of adjective) 21 7 (MO...MO) 24 8 (Conjugating Verbs) 6 8 (E relational) 10 8 (KUDASAI) 22 8 (Supplement 8 - time) 28 9 (noun + o suru) 12 9 (kara relational = from) 29 10 (NO nominalizer) 14 10 (DE relational - means) 18 -36- Textbook: Modern Japanese Author: Han, Mieko Shimizu TEXTBOOK CHAPTER TEXTBOOK CHAPTER GAKUSEI LESSON GAKUSEI LESSON 1 5 12.1 ue, shita, naka 19 1.4, 1.6 5 12.2 ga arimasu 19 1.11 9 12.3 ni (location of exist..) 19 1.12 18 12.6 de 16, 22 2.7 mo 24 12.7 wa replacing ga 19 2.9 ADJECTIVES 21 12.11 -tsu (general counter) 26 2.10 ADVERBS 9, 25 13.1 koko, soko, asoko 11 3.1 kore, sore, are 7 13.2 -kute 21 3.4 de wa arimasen 5 13.3 COPULA NOUNS 16 4.1 kono, sono, and ano 13 13.4 soba, mae 19 4.2 no 14 13.5 ... ga imasu 19 4.3 Adjectives as Noun ... 21 13.6 -nin (people) 27 5.1 Adjective + desu 21 14.6 Color Words 23 5.2 -ku arimasen 21 14.8 ga 8 5.4 de 18 14.10 no 14 5.5 o 12 14.11 Numbers 100- 26 5.6 Particle Sequence 18 15.1 - katta 23 5.8 ga (but) 20 15.2 - ku arimasen deshita 23 6.4 -te kudasai 22 15.4 ga miemashita 12 6.5 motto (yukkuri) 25 16.3 -te Forms of Verbs 22 (1) 6.6 -mashita 15 16.4 moo 25 7.1 dare 17 16.7 kirei ni 25 7.8 Numbers: 0-10 26 17.2 zenzen 9, 25 8.5 de 18 17.8 jikan 27, 28 9.1 How to Tell Time 28 17.9 gurai 29 9.2 gozen and gogo 28 17.11 -te (and) 22 9.3 Numbers up to 100 26 18.1 dono gurai 29 9.4 minutes 28 19.6 motte (iku, kuru only) 9.5 ni 28 20.3 hoo 10, 19 9.6 goro 28 25.5 -nai (nai only) 30 9.9 Compound Verbs 12 10.9 ga (emphasis) 8 11.1-11.4 - mashita... 15 11.6 e 10 11.8 de (means of trans..) 18 11.9 ...kara...made 29 -37- Appendix B: PRINTER COMPATIBILITY CHART The first dot-matrix printer table shown below lists the dot-matrix printers that have to date have been verified to work with Gakusei. The second table lists incompatible dot-matrix printers. Sample printer configuration sheets for some of the compatible dot-matrix printers are illustrated in section 11, PRINTING. If you are unsure whether or not your printer is compatible with Gakusei, please check your printer manual and check with the manufacturer about add-on memory. Keep in mind that the amount of base memory supplied in a printer may vary from model to model, even from the same manufacturer. Verified Compatible Dot Matrix Printers The following printers have been verified compatible from product testing: printer make-model base memory 32K buffer accessory Citizen GSX-240 8K required Epson LQ 850/1050 8K required Panasonic KX-P1123 10K required Star Micronics NX-2420 Rainbow 60K not required Any properly-configured Epson LQ-compatible printer with a 32K memory buffer (or larger) should be compatible. -38- Incompatible Dot Matrix Printers printer make-model base memory Reason for incompatibility Amstrad LQ 3500i 7K According to Amstrad Tech Support in the U.K., a 32K buffer accessory is not available. Star Micronics NX-2410 16K Printer is discontinued. The availability of a 32K buffer for existing models is limited. 32K Memory Buffers If you are interested in a low-cost 32K memory buffer for your Epson LQ compatible dot matrix printer, we suggest the following vendor: JBI Products and Technologies 1418 S. Yale Drive O'Fallon, IL 62269 phone: 1-217-324-3082 1-800-JBI-VOLT (524-8658) The price, as of this writing, remains at $21.95 + $1.50 shipping. Listed below are some of the models for which JBI manufactures memory: Printer Manufacturer Models Panasonic (KXP) 1123, 1124, 1124i, 1524, 1654, 2123, 2124, 2624 Citizen (GSX) 130, 140, 140+, 145, 240 Tandy (DMP) 240 -39- Appendix C: SYLLABUS 1 Introduction to Hiragana I. 2 Introduction to Hiragana II. 3 Introduction to Katakana I. 4 Introduction to Katakana II. 5 Copula desu, dewa arimasen, desu ka. 6 Major, minor, irregular verb categories. Dictionary forms. 7 Nominal demonstratives for things. kore, sore, are. 8 Interrogative nouns nan, dore. Usages of WA and GA. 9 Polite verb form -masu, -masen. Second bases. 10 E relational as direction indicator. 11 Nominal demonstratives for places. koko, soko, asoko, doko 12 O relational for direct object. Interrogative noun nani. 13 Prenominal demonstratives kono, sono, ano. Interrogative dono. 14 NO relational, possessives, noun modifiers, NO as noun substitute. 15 Polite past Copula and Verbs. 16 Adjectival Nouns (Na), relational NA, DE form of Copula DESU. 17 Interrogative nouns DARE and DONATA (who). 18 DE relational as location indicator and means indicator. 19 GA ARIMASU/IMASU. NI relational for existence location. 20 Sentence Interjectives and Connectives. 21 True adjectives -ai, -ii, -oi, -ui. Negative, adverbial forms. 22 -TE form of verbs. Connecting verbs. -TE KUDASAI polite request form. 23 True adjectives past tense. Colors. Quantity nouns, adjectives. 24 MO and KA relationals; MO, KA, and DEMO with interrogative nouns. 25 Adverbs. Adverbial Demonstratives. 26 Japanese and Chinese numbers. Simple arithmetic. 27 Counters. Interrogative nouns for counters. 28 Telling time. Morning, afternoon. NI and GORO relationals. 29 MADE, KARA relationals; intervals. MO relational with numbers. 30 Negative present abrupt of verb. -NAI form. Negative polite request. -40- Appendix D: INTERNATIONAL DEALERS -------- Australia ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- price: AUS $95 (AUS $84 registration plus AUS $11 shipping and handling) Brightspark Computers P.O. Box 253, Morley, WA 8052 phone: (09) 375-1178 fax: (09) 375-1668 CIS: 100033,1124 Payment accepted: cheque, cash, M.O., VISA, AMEX, Mastercard, BankCard, Diners Club ------ England --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- price: ś45 (includes registration, shipping and handling) PC Independent User Group 87 High Street, Tonbridge, Kent TN9 1RX phone: (0732) 771512 fax: (0732) 771513 CIS: 100016, 3106 Payment accepted: cheque; VISA; ACCESS. Shareware Elite 25 Cades Parc, Helston, Cornwall, TR13 8Q phone: (0326) 564164 Payment accepted: cheque; VISA; MasterCard Testware Publishing 46The Avenue, Harrogate, North Yorkshire, HG1 4QD phone: (0423) 880471 fax: (0432) 889728 Payment accepted: cheque; postal order; ACCESS; VISA; MasterCard; SWITCH. ------- France --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- price: Fr 360 (Fr 320 registration plus Fr 40 shipping and handling) DP Tool Club B.P. 745, 99 rue Parmentier, 59657 Villeneuve d'Ascq phone: 33-20.05.38.27 fax: (33+).20.05.38.27 CIS: 100012, 1410 Payment accepted: check (in Francs); VISA; Mastercard; or Eurocheck with EC card number printed on the back of the check. ------- Germany -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- price: DM 100 (includes shipping and handling) Reinhardt & Michiko M”ller Eberbacher Str 4, D14197, Berlin 33 phone: (030)-8219674 Deutchemark site license pricing information available. ------- Italy ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ price: Lire 124.000 (L 94.000 plus L 30.000 shipping and handling) Systems Comunicazioni srl via Olanda, 6-20083 Gaggiano MI phone: (02) 9084 1814 ------- Japan ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- price: ť6700 (includes sales tax, shipping, handling) P. and A. Shareware Distribution 302 Bellwins, 1367-23, Nakagami, Akishima, Tokyo 196 phone: 0425-46-9141 Payment accepted: VISA, MC, DC, AMEX, bank transfer, postal money transfer -41- GAKUSEI 1.1.3 PRODUCT REGISTRATION FORM (cut out and mail) +------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | | Your Name: | | Address: | | City: | | State or Country: | | Postal(ZIP) Code: | | phone (include area code): | | How did you find out about Gakusei 1.1.3? | | | Diskette size desired: 3.5" 5.25" | | Please describe your computer system: | | CPU: __286 __386 __486 __586/Pentium | | Monitor: __EGA __VGA __SVGA __other | | DOS version: ____________ Printer make/model:__________________________ | | Disk drives: __ 5.25" __ 3.5" __ CD-ROM __ other | | Presentation managers: __Windows 3.1 __Desqview/X __Geoworks __OS/2 2.0 __other | | | What problems have you encountered with the tutorial so far? | | | Please suggest a feature or upgrade that you would like to see: | | |-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- | price: $55.00 | California residents add sales tax (8.25% = $4.54): $_____ | S&H (US/Canada): $ 4.00 | S&H (outside US/Canada): $ 7.00 | | TOTAL: $_____ | | Mail with a check or money order (SORRY, NO CREDIT CARDS) to: | | BARHAM SOFTWARE | 15507 S. Normandie Ave. #245 Compuserve: 70700,2225 | GARDENA, CA. 90247-4028 Internet: 70700.2225@CompuServe.com | | Phone: USA: 1-800-RAN-EASY (1-800-726-3279) outside USA: 1-310-327-4862 Gakusei version 1.1.3 12 June 1994