You can use the commands in the SETUP menu to control the layout of the screen and the properties of the graphics windows, to set various system parameters, and to load fonts and pattern files.

The display screen is organized into a number of non-overlapping windows called tiles. (We use the words "tile" and " window" interchangeably.) The commands in the SETUP/TILING menu allow you to create, delete, modify, and assign roles to these tiles. When you installed PEP, a default screen layout was selected for you. You will find that this default layout is adequate for most purposes. New users can safely skip the SETUP/TILING commands when first learning PEP. The commands that assign roles to the tiles (EDIT, PREVIEW, MENU, TEXT, BUTTON, and NOTHING) all operate in the same way. To execute these commands, type the command letter, and then specify a tile by positioning the cross-hair cursor inside that tile and pressing RETURN. The selected tile is assigned the chosen role. The cross-hair cursor remains displayed and you may assign the same role to another tile by selecting it in the same way. Type another TILING command letter, or press ESC to terminate this process. Edit tiles and preview tiles are graphics tiles: they are used to display pictures. You can control the properties of graphics tiles (for example, the position and magnification) by using the commands in the SETUP/WINDOW menu <[12.2]>. Once you settle on a particular screen setup, you may want to create a configuration file that does the setup for you each time you load PEP. For more information, see the discussion of configuration files and the QUIT/MAKEFIG command in Chapter <[9]>.

The SETUP/TILING/H-DIVIDE command creates a new window by horizontally dividing an existing one. The window that is divided is called the parent. The two new windows that are created are called sisters. To execute this command, type the command letter, and choose a window to divide by positioning the cross-hair cursor inside that window and pressing RETURN. A horizontal hairline cursor appears in the chosen window. Next position this cursor where you want the division to occur. Press RETURN and the window is split in two at the chosen location. The hairline cursor remains displayed; move it and press RETURN again to adjust the position of the new boundary. Press ESC or any SETUP/TILING menu command letter to terminate this process. Of the two sister tiles, the upper one is assigned the role that the parent formerly had. The lower sister is initially a graphics editing tile. You can change its role by using commands described below.

The SETUP/TILING/V-DIVIDE command creates a new window by vertically dividing an existing one. Use it in the same way as the H-DIVIDE command above. After a vertical division, the left sister inherits the role of the parent and the right sister becomes a graphics editing tile.

Use the SETUP/TILING/ADJUST command to move a tile boundary created by a previous horizontal or vertical division. First type the command letter. Then choose a boundary by positioning the cross-hair cursor and pressing RETURN. PEP selects the boundary nearest the cursor, and displays a horizontal or vertical hair-line at that position. Move this cursor to the desired boundary location and again press RETURN. The parent tile is re-divided at the new position. The hairline cursor remains displayed and you can adjust the boundary again by moving it and pressing RETURN a second time. Press ESC or any SETUP/TILING menu command letter to terminate this process.

Use the SETUP/TILING/DELETE command to delete a tile. Its sister tile expands to fill the space formerly occupied by the deleted tile. To execute this command, type the command letter, and select the tile to delete by positioning the cross-hair cursor inside that tile and pressing RETURN. After the deletion, the cross-hair cursor remains displayed and you can reposition it and press RETURN again to delete another tile.

The SETUP/TILING/MENU command makes a tile the menu tile. To execute this command, type the command letter, move the cross-hair cursor to the target tile, and press RETURN. The tile you select becomes the menu tile. There is never more than one menu tile. The tile that formerly displayed the menu (assuming that there was one) now becomes a graphics editing tile.

The SETUP/TILING/TEXT command makes a tile the text display tile. The text display tile is used to display prompts and error messages. To execute this command, type the command letter, move the cross-hair cursor inside the target tile, and press RETURN. The tile you select becomes the text display tile. There is never more than one text tile. The tile that formerly displayed prompts and error messages (assuming there was one) now becomes a graphics editing tile.

The SETUP/TILING/EDIT command makes a tile a graphics editing tile. When you open an object for editing, it is displayed in the graphics editing tiles. This role is the default; when a new tile is created it is automatically an edit tile until you change its role. To execute this command, type the command letter, move the cross-hair cursor inside the target tile, and press RETURN. The tile you select becomes a graphics editing tile. An editing tile is a graphics window; its properties can be changed by using the commands in the SETUP/WINDOW menu <[12.2]>.

The SETUP/TILING/BUTTON command makes a tile the button window. The button window makes it possible to access certain important PEP functions with a single mouse click. The window displays a grid of 16 buttons. Each of button corresponds to one of the single keystroke commands. <[FIG28]> shows the button grid. Below is a list of the functions assigned to each button. For a description of any function, see the section on the corresponding single keystroke command. [?] activate on-line help = F1 <[14.1.2]> [B] control scroll bar display = ALT+B <[14.3.2]> [C] contract active window = ALT+C <[14.3.3]> [E] expand active window = ALT+E <[14.3.4]> [F] control fatdot display = ALT+F <[14.3.5]> [G] control grid display = ALT+G <[14.3.6]> [I] reset window stretches = ALT+I <[14.3.8]> [N] select next active window = ALT+N <[14.3.12]> [R] control ruler display = ALT+R <[14.3.14]> [S] control automatic snap = ALT+S <[14.3.15]> [T] control total display = ALT+T <[14.3.16]> [W] initialize active window = ALT+W <[14.3.19]> The bottom row of buttons, labeled with arrows, shift the active window display in the direction of their respective arrows (= SHIFT+arrow key) <[14.4.2]>. A button window is only useful if you have a mouse. When you install PEP, you specify whether or not you will be using one. If you have a mouse, the default screen configuration will include a button window; otherwise, it will not. (However, if you are using a CGA display, the default configuration never includes a button window because of the lack of space). To execute the BUTTON command, type the command letter, move the cross-hair inside the target tile, and press RETURN. The tile you select becomes the button window. The former button window, if any, becomes a edit window.

The SETUP/TILING/PREVIEW command makes a tile a graphics preview window. In certain situations, PEP uses the preview window to present graphical information reflecting the operation being performed. For example, when a menu of object names is displayed, the object currently highlighted in the menu is displayed in the preview window. In this way, you can see the objects that you are selecting among. A similar use of the preview window occurs for menus of colors, nib types, and fill patterns. When you are selecting an element for the DELETE <[3]>, MODIFY <[4]>, and COLLECT <[5]> commands, the candidate elements are displayed in the preview window before they are selected. To execute the PREVIEW command, type the command letter, move the cross-hair cursor inside the target tile, and press RETURN. The tile you select becomes a graphics preview tile. A preview tile is a graphics window; its properties can be changed by using the commands in the SETUP/WINDOW menu <[12.2]>.

The SETUP/TILING/NOTHING command makes a tile blank (it never contains any display). To execute this command, type the command letter, move the cross-hair cursor inside the target tile, and press RETURN.

The edit, preview, and button windows are graphics windows. They have graphics properties, principally position and stretch factors, that you may sometimes want to change. PEP provides a number of ways to change the properties of graphics windows. These can be accessed through the SETUP/WINDOW menu and a number of the single keystroke commands. (You will rarely need to change the properties of preview or button windows, but if you do, these commands apply to them exactly as they do to edit windows). At any moment, one of the graphics windows has a bolder boundary to distinguish it from the others. If you have a color display, the boundary of this window is also displayed in a different color, namely cyan, a light blue. This is the window whose properties can be altered at that moment. It is called the active graphics window. If you need to change the properties of some other graphics window, use the SETUP/WINDOW/NEXT command (or ALT-N) to make that window the active window.

The SETUP/WINDOW/NEXT command deactivates the currently active window, and makes the next graphics window in sequence active. The active graphics window is the one whose properties can be changed by the SETUP/WINDOW menu and related single keystroke commands. When a window becomes active, the status data in the SETUP/WINDOW menu are updated to show the properties of the newly selected window. By pressing the command letter repeatedly, you can cycle through all of the graphics windows until the window whose properties you want to view or change becomes the active graphics window. The [N]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-N <[14.3.12]> are equivalent to this command.

The SETUP/WINDOW/HOME command repositions the active window so that the upper left corner of the window shows the upper left corner of the displayed picture. This is the same as invoking the POSITION command and entering the coordinates (0,0). There is an equivalent single keystroke command: SHIFT-HOME <[14.4.3]>.

The SETUP/WINDOW/EXPAND command expands the display in the active graphics window. Specifically, the window's stretch factors are doubled. The window displays half as much of the open object in each direction, but the displayed elements are twice as big. The [E]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-E <[14.3.4]> are equivalent to this command.

The SETUP/WINDOW/CONTRACT command contracts the display in the active graphics window. The window's stretch factors are reduced by 1/2. The window displays twice as much of the open object in each direction, but the displayed elements are only half as big. The [C]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-C <[14.3.3]> are equivalent to this command.

Sometimes, it is useful to see individual pixels in a picture more clearly than the computer's display can show them in ordinary graphics mode. This is the purpose of fatdots display. For example, you may want to use a fatdots display if you need to position a picture element on a given pixel with absolute precision. In a window in fatdots display mode, each pixel is represented as a box. The SETUP/WINDOW/FATS command changes the fatdots mode of the active graphics window. There are three modes: OFF, ON, and BARE. If the mode is OFF, the window displays normally, without fatdots. If the mode is ON, the window displays fatdots with a grid showing the position of each dot. If the mode is BARE, the window displays fatdots, but without the grid. <[FIG21]>. The size of the fatdot box is controlled by the SETUP/NUMBERS/FATDOT command <[12.4.3]>. The [F]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-F <[14.3.5]> are equivalent to this command.

The SETUP/WINDOW/TOTAL command cycles through three modes governing the display in the active window: OBJ, PAGE and OFF. If the mode is OBJ, the open object is stretched or shrunk to fill the window. If the mode is PAGE, the window displays the whole editing area. In both cases, a square aspect ratio is used. If the mode is OFF, a portion of the open object is displayed according to the position, stretch, and aspect information associated with the window. Setting the total mode to OBJ or PAGE overrides only the position, stretch, and aspect data for the window. The other window properties (FATS, GRID, RULERS, BARS, UPDATE, and VIEW) remain in force. Using any of the following SETUP/WINDOW commands will implicitly turn Total mode OFF: HOME EXPAND CONTRACT ASPECT STRETCHES POSITION OUTLINE DOTBOX INITIALIZE The [T]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-T <[14.3.16]> are equivalent to this command.

The SETUP/WINDOW/ASPECT command changes the aspect mode of the active graphics window. There are three modes: Square, Equal, and Off. When Square aspect is turned on, the Y stretch factor changes to produce square aspect in the active graphics window. When Equal aspect is turned on, the Y stretch factor changes to be equal to the X stretch factor. Subsequently, in each case, if either stretch factor is changed, the other is adjusted to preserve the chosen aspect. If aspect is Off, the stretch factors can be changed independently (see SETUP/WINDOW/STRETCHES <[12.2.13]>). The single keystroke command ALT-A <[14.3.1]> is equivalent to this command.

If you have more than one graphics window displayed, you can use the SETUP/WINDOW/UPDATE command to control which windows are updated first when a change is made to the open object. This multiple choice command toggles between two modes for the active window: 1ST and 2ND. All windows marked UPDATE 1ST are updated before those marked UPDATE 2ND.

SETUP/WINDOW/GRID is a multiple choice command. It enables and disables the display of the snap grid in the active window. There are two modes: SHOW and HIDE. If the mode is HIDE, the snap grid is not displayed. If the mode is SHOW, the snap grid is displayed in the active window as an array of horizontal and vertical dotted lines. However, if the window is highly contracted or the grid interval is very small, the grid dots might be so close together as to interfere with normal display. Whenever this would happen, PEP suppresses grid display even if you have requested GRID SHOW. Note that you can display the snap grid whether or not automatic snapping is enabled. The color used to display the grid indicates the state of automatic snapping. Grid snapping is controlled by the SETUP/SYSTEM/GRID command <[12.3.2]>. The [G]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-G <[14.3.6]> are equivalent to this command.

SETUP/WINDOW/RULERS is a multiple choice command. It controls the display of rulers in the active window. Rulers are displayed along the bottom and right edges of the window inside the scroll bars, if any. There are two modes: OFF and ON. Rulers can be displayed marked in inches or in centimeters. The choice is determined by the SETUP/SYSTEM/RULERS command <[12.3.4]>. The [R]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-R <[14.3.14]> are equivalent to this command.

SETUP/WINDOW/BARS is a multiple choice command. It controls the display of scroll bars in the active window. Scroll bars are displayed along the bottom and right edges of the window. There are two modes: OFF and ON. See <[1.5]> for more information on scroll bars. The [B]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-B <[14.3.2]> are equivalent to this command.

The SETUP/WINDOW/VIEW command toggles among three modes governing the complexity of the display in the active window: NORMAL, PARTIAL and MINIMAL. In NORMAL mode, all picture elements are drawn completely and in full detail, regardless of their size. In PARTIAL mode, some simplification takes place. Below a certain size, objects, filled regions and text strings are displayed schematically. Line dashing is also suppressed. In MINIMAL mode, all objects, regions and text are displayed schematically and dashing is again suppressed. In schematic display, objects and regions are shown as boxes; text strings are shown as I-beams. You can view and change the size threshold for PARTIAL display with the SETUP/NUMBERS/DETAIL command <[12.4.4]>. The PARTIAL and MINIMAL VIEW modes are provided as ways of reducing the clutter in a contracted windows while also improving the display speed. These modes are especially convenient for page view windows. In the default configurations supplied with PEP, the page view windows are in PARTIAL mode. There is an equivalent single keystroke command: ALT-V <[14.3.18]>.

Use SETUP/WINDOW/STRETCHES command to control the magnification applied to the picture in the active window. This is an XY input command that allows you to set either or both the X and Y stretch factors. These numbers may be integers, decimals or fractions. They are restricted to a maximum value of less than 256. When you change a stretch factor, the point displayed in the upper left corner of the window remains fixed.

Use the SETUP/WINDOW/POSITION command to shift the view displayed in the active window. It is an XY input command. The values that you enter determine which point in the displayed object will occupy the upper left corner of the window. If you increase the X value, the window displays a view further to the right in the object. If you increase the Y value, the window view moves down. You can also choose the upper left corner point with the cursor. When you invoke POSITION, a cross-hair cursor is displayed. Move this cursor to the chosen point, which can be in any graphics window, and then press RETURN. The X and Y values of the point you select become the new position coordinates of the active window. The window view shifts so that the chosen point is displayed in the upper left corner of the window. The single keystroke command ALT-U <[14.3.17]> is equivalent to this use of POSITION. For other ways to shift the active window view, see the descriptions of the ALT-L command <[14.3.10]> and the shift-NumPad commands <[14.4.2]> and <[14.4.3]>.

Use the SETUP/WINDOW/OUTLINE command to identify the area of the open object you wish to view in the active window. Press the command letter, position the cross-hair cursor at the upper left corner of the area you want to specify, and press RETURN. The cross-hair is replaced by a stretchable box cursor. Position this box so that it outlines the area you wish to see displayed. When you press RETURN, this chosen area is redisplayed, stretched to fill the active window.

Use the SETUP/WINDOW/DOTBOX command to select an area of the open object to display in fatdots mode in the active window. Specify the area in the manner described under the SETUP/WINDOW/OUTLINE command above. The size of the dots is adjusted so that the area fills the active window.

Use the SETUP/WINDOW/INITIALIZE command to reset the properties of the active graphics window to their default values: FATS OFF TOTAL OFF ASPECT OFF UPDATE 1ST GRID HIDE RULERS NONE BARS NONE VIEW NORMAL STRETCH 1 X 1 POSITION (0,0) The [W]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-W <[14.3.19]> are equivalent to this command except that they do not change the properties: GRID, RULERS, and BARS.

The SETUP/SYSTEM menu contains miscellaneous global parameters that control the operation of PEP.

The SETUP/SYSTEM/STEP command cycles between three modes controlling how far the cursor moves each time a cursor motion key is struck. If step mode is OFF, pressing a cursor motion key moves the cursor one pixel on the screen in the given direction. If the mode is HALF, each cursor motion keystroke moves the cursor by one-half of a step. If the mode is FULL, each keystroke moves the cursor by one full step. The default value is FULL. There is an equivalent single keystroke command: the grey minus key <[14.4.4]>. The number of pixels in one step is set by the SETUP/NUMBERS/STEP-SIZE command <[12.4.1]>. The size of the step can be different in the X and the Y directions.

The SETUP/SYSTEM/GRID command cycles between two modes for automatic grid snapping: OFF and ON. If the mode is ON, elements subsequently inserted or moved will be automatically aligned with the snap grid. If the mode is OFF, automatic snapping is disabled. The default value is OFF. The [S]-button and the single keystroke command ALT-S <[14.3.15]> are equivalent to this command. The horizontal and vertical spacing of the snap grid points can be changed by using the SETUP/NUMBERS/GRID-SPACE command <[12.4.2]>. The grid can be made visible in the active graphics window by using the SETUP/WINDOW/GRID <[12.2.9]> or ALT-G command.

The SETUP/SYSTEM/BELL command toggles between two modes governing the error beep: ON and OFF. If the mode is ON, then, whenever PEP encounters an error, it alerts you by beeping. If the mode is OFF, no beeps are produced on error. The default value is ON.

The SETUP/SYSTEM/RULERS command toggles between two modes governing the display of rulers in graphics windows. If the mode is ENGLISH, rulers are calibrated in inches; if the mode is METRIC, they are calibrated in centimeters. The display of rulers in a window is turned on and off by using the SETUP/WINDOW/RULERS command <[12.2.10]>.

When you insert a text label in PEP, you can either specify a box width for the label (if the BOX mode is FIXED) or have PEP compute one automatically (if the BOX mode is AUTO). See <[11.6]>. When PEP computes the width, it can use either of two methods. The SETUP/SYSTEM/CHARACTERS command controls which method PEP uses. The values are WYSIWYG and NATIVE. In WYSIWYG mode, the box width is set to the actual length of the text assuming unity stretches. In NATIVE mode the box width is larger; it is set to the number of characters times the typesize X value. The difference appears when a picture is displayed with non-unity stretches. WYSIWYG mode text maintains its proportions with respect to the other picture elements when the stretches change. NATIVE mode text changes its proportions, but may yield a better appearance. The default value is WYSIWYG.

The SETUP/SYSTEM/HOT-SCROLL command toggles between two modes governing the behavior of scroll bars. If HOT-SCROLL is ENABLED, whenever a scroll bar slider is moved, the window contents are immediately redisplayed appropriately shifted. By clicking once on the slider, and simply moving the mouse, it is possible to browse over the entire range of motion before clicking a second time to fix the slider and window display in their new positions. In a graphic window, with separate scroll bars for horizontal and vertical motion, you can switch from one bar to another while browsing by pressing the SPACE bar or middle mouse button. In this way, you can easily scan the entire displayed object to select a new window position. If HOT-SCROLL is DISABLED, the window is not redisplayed until the slider is fixed in its new position by the second mouse click. See <[1.5]> for more information on scroll bars.

Each command in the SETUP/NUMBERS menu is associated with a pair of numerical values, an X value and a Y value. In each case, the command allows you to set either or both numbers in the pair. For more information on your options when using these commands, see the section on XY input commands <[1.9.5]>.

The SETUP/NUMBERS/STEP-SIZE command governs the cursor motion step size; i.e., the number of pixels that the cursor moves when an arrow key is pressed. The X value represents the horizontal step size; the Y value gives the vertical step size. The numbers you enter determine the size of a full step. Cursor motion can be switched to half step and single pixel modes by using either the SETUP/SYSTEM/STEP command <[12.3.1]> or the equivalent single keystroke command, the grey minus key <[14.4.4]>.

The SETUP/NUMBERS/GRID-SPACE command governs the spacing of points in the snap grid. The X value represents the horizontal spacing, the Y value gives the vertical spacing. Automatic snapping to this grid can be enabled by using either the SETUP/SYSTEM/GRID command <[12.3.2]> or the equivalent single keystroke command, ALT-S. To make the grid visible in the active window use either the SETUP/WINDOW/GRID <[12.2.9]> or the ALT-G command.

The SETUP/NUMBERS/FATDOT command governs the size in pixels of each dot in a fatdots display evoked by a subsequent SETUP/WINDOW/FATS command <[12.2.5]> or the equivalent single keystroke command, ALT-F. The X value represents the width of each fatdot box; the Y value gives the height.

When the view mode of a graphics window is PARTIAL, elements that are sufficiently small are displayed is a simplified form. Use the SETUP/NUMBERS/DETAIL command to set the threshold that determines which elements are small enough to be simplified. The X value represents the horizontal size limit; the Y value gives the vertical limit. An element that is smaller than the threshold value in either direction will be simplified in a partial view window. To control the view mode of the active window use either the SETUP/WINDOW/VIEW command <12.2.12]> or the equivalent single keystroke command, ALT-V.

Whenever you enter a coordinate using an XY input command, you can optionally enter the value in physical units: inches, centimeters, or points. See <[1.9.5]>. These physical units are then converted into PDL object coordinates and are displayed in that form in the menu. The SETUP/NUMBERS/INCH command toggles between two modes for mapping physical units into PDL coordinates: PRINT and USER. If the mode is PRINT, the current printer densities determine the number of dots per inch in each direction. If the mode is USER, the dots per inch data can be set explicitly to whatever values you choose. The default mode is PRINT. When USER mode is turned on, the INCH command becomes an XY input command to enable you to set the X and Y densities desired. When PRINT mode is on, changing the printer settings may result in an automatic change in the mapping of physical units into PDL coordinates. However, it is only subsequent conversions from physical units to coordinates that are affected. Coordinates once entered continue to have their given value and are not altered by subsequent changes in the number of dots per inch.

In its PDL files, PEP designates fonts and patterns by a logical font or pattern number. The commands in the SETUP/INSTALL menu, control the assignment of actual fonts and patterns to these numbers. Note: INSTALL commands cannot be executed while printing is in progress.

These commands allow you to assign a font file to each of the logical font numbers occurring in a picture. For example, press 0 to display a name menu of all files with extension FON in the home directory (see the section on name menus <[1.9.1]>). By choosing one of these, you establish the identity of Font 0 in all subsequent drawing.

The SETUP/INSTALL/PATTERNS command displays a name menu of all files in the home directory with the extension PAT. Each file contains a set of patterns. By choosing one, you assign a fill pattern to each pattern number (0 to 15) that may occur in a picture definition.

PEP commands, such as FILE/SAVE <[8.3]> or OBJECT/IMPORT <[7.8]>, that read or write data files always operate in a particular directory, called the current directory. The default is the directory that was active in DOS when PEP was loaded. However, data files that you create can be stored in any directory; you can use the commands in the SETUP/DIRECTORY menu to change the current directory by specifying a current device and a current path. The current directory is used for reading and writing data files only. PEP components, including fonts, pattern files, add-ons, and configuration files, must all be in the home directory, the directory from which PEP itself was loaded.

SETUP/DIRECTORY/DRIVE is a multiple choice command. It allows you to set the current device. The choices are: blank, A:, B:, C:, D:, and E:. If the choice is blank, then the current device is the default device, the device that was active in DOS when PEP was loaded.

Use the SETUP/DIRECTORY/PATH command to specify a path relative to the default directory in the current device. The path is typed in standard DOS format (a sequence of directory names separated by backslashes). Each directory name is echoed in a separate menu entry.