Document 1011
 DOCN  M9541011
 TI    Endemic transmission of HTLV type II among Kayapo Indians of Brazil.
 DT    9504
 AU    Black FL; Biggar RJ; Neel JV; Maloney EM; Waters DJ; Department of
       Epidemiology and Public Health, Yale University; School of Medicine, New
       Haven, Connecticut 06520-8034.
 SO    AIDS Res Hum Retroviruses. 1994 Sep;10(9):1165-71. Unique Identifier :
       AIDSLINE MED/95127299
 AB    Serological studies on 926 blood samples from 703 Brazilian Kayapo
       (Cayapo) Indians showed, by conventional definition of HTLV
       seropositivity, a 28% prevalence of human T lymphotropic virus (HTLV)
       infection, the highest yet reported. Immunoblot (WB) and SYNTH-EIA
       patterns indicate that the predominant infecting agent is type II. Of
       children under 15 years old, 12% were positive, and of persons over 60,
       more than 60%. Perinatal and heterosexual modes of transmission offer an
       adequate explanation of this incidence. Infection in infancy may include
       infection via breast milk from women other than the mother. Evidence of
       new infection in adults is apparent at an earlier age in women than in
       men. This pattern of antibody prevalence was not determined by cohort
       effects, as demonstrated by tests of serial specimens. Enzyme
       immunosorbent assay (EIA) absorbencies were not stable in the paired
       specimens: five serum pairs reverted and mean absorbencies declined over
       some age ranges. Many specimens with relatively high, but less than
       positive, EIA results were positive by immunoblot (WB). This suggests
       that the standard EIA end point does not identify all infected persons.
       If the WB alone indicates positivity, 47% of the whole population, and
       more than 80% of the older age groups, are infected with HTLV-II.
 DE    Adolescence  Adult  Age Factors  Brazil/EPIDEMIOLOGY  Child  Child,
       Preschool  Comparative Study  Demography  Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent
       Assay  Family  Female  Human  HTLV-II Antibodies/*BLOOD  HTLV-II
       Infections/BLOOD/*EPIDEMIOLOGY/*TRANSMISSION  *Indians, South American
       Infant  Male  Middle Age  Prevalence  Sex Factors  Support, U.S. Gov't,
       Non-P.H.S.  JOURNAL ARTICLE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).