Document 0026
 DOCN  M9550026
 TI    [Human T-lymphotrophic virus type I and II--diagnosis and clinical
       presentation]
 DT    9505
 AU    Christiansen CB; Virologisk afdeling, Statens Seruminstitut, Kobenhavn.
 SO    Ugeskr Laeger. 1994 Dec 19;156(51):7663-7. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95141481
 AB    Human T-lymphotropic virus type 1, HTLV-I, was the first human oncogenic
       retrovirus to be isolated in 1978. HTLV-I has previously been called
       Human T-cell leukaemia virus or Human T-cell lymphoma virus type I.
       HTLV-I infection is endemic in southwestern Japan, the Caribbean basin,
       and parts of South America and Africa. HTLV-I is aetiologically
       associated with adult T-cell leukaemia lymphoma and tropical spastic
       paraparesis (TSP), also known as HTLV-I-associated myelopathy. HTLV-II
       was isolated in 1982 and is endemic among some north American Indians.
       HTLV-II has not been clearly linked to any specific disease. Both
       viruses are found worldwide, particularly among intravenous drug users
       (IVDU), and have also been found in blood donors in USA and Europe.
       HTLV-I/II are transmitted by the same routes as HIV-1: blood-borne via
       blood transfusions and among IVDUs by sharing contaminated needles, and
       by mother-to-child transmission, primarily through breast feeding.
       HTLV-I/II infections are also sexually transmitted and can be
       transmitted in utero, though less efficiently than HIV-1. The diagnosis
       of HTLV-I/II infections is based on the detection of antibody to the
       virus. Due to the high degree of cross reactivity between HTLV-I and
       HTLV-II, it is difficult by serology to discriminate between the two
       viruses. Less than 5% of individuals infected with HTLV-I develop
       symptoms after a latent period, which can last from a few years to
       several decades. No specific treatment of adult T-cell leukaemia or
       tropical spastic paraparesis is currently available and no vaccine has
       yet been developed.
 DE    English Abstract  Human  HTLV-I Antibodies/ANALYSIS  HTLV-I
       Infections/*DIAGNOSIS/IMMUNOLOGY/TRANSMISSION  HTLV-II
       Antibodies/ANALYSIS  HTLV-II
       Infections/*DIAGNOSIS/IMMUNOLOGY/TRANSMISSION  Serodiagnosis  JOURNAL
       ARTICLE  REVIEW  REVIEW, TUTORIAL

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