Document 0214
 DOCN  M9550214
 TI    Pediatric HIV infection: neurologic and neuropsychologic findings.
 DT    9505
 AU    Fowler MG; Vaccine Trials and Epidemiology Branch, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda.
 SO    Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1994 Aug;400:59-62. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95135022
 AB    Neurologic and neuropsychologic findings are early and important
       prognostic indicators of symptomatic HIV disease among infants and young
       children. The most common presentations include progressive
       encephalopathy, loss of motor milestones, and corticospinal tract
       abnormalities. It is hypothesized that, in some instances, the more
       severe neurologic manifestations of HIV noted in infancy may reflect the
       consequences of in utero HIV infection, or the increased vulnerability
       of infants to HIV infection during a time of rapid brain growth. Current
       research suggests that infants with basal ganglia calcification and
       those with plummeting or low CD4+ counts are at particular risk of
       severe central nervous disease progression. In contrast to infants and
       toddlers, older children and adolescents appear to demonstrate only
       subtle neurologic dysfunction until very late in their illness. Findings
       seen include attentional difficulties, fine motor tremors, visual
       sequencing problems, and depressive affect. One of the challenges for
       the 1990s will be rapidly to identify those infants who are at high risk
       of central nervous system disease progression, and to institute
       effective treatments that can halt the devastating effects of HIV on the
       developing brain. In addition to early identification of the high-risk
       infants, neuropsychologic, neuroimaging and laboratory measures need to
       be identified that will allow effective monitoring of responses to
       therapy.
 DE    Central Nervous System Diseases/*COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS/
       EPIDEMIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY  Child  Child, Preschool  CD4 Lymphocyte Count
       Human  HIV Infections/*COMPLICATIONS/DIAGNOSIS/EPIDEMIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY
       Infant  Magnetic Resonance Imaging  Neuropsychological Tests  Prognosis
       Risk Factors  Tomography, X-Ray Computed  JOURNAL ARTICLE  REVIEW
       REVIEW, TUTORIAL

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