Document 0215
 DOCN  M9550215
 TI    Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection and breast milk. The
       Italian Register for HIV Infection in Children.
 DT    9505
 SO    Acta Paediatr Suppl. 1994 Aug;400:51-8. Unique Identifier : AIDSLINE
       MED/95135021
 AB    Major questions are whether mothers infected with the Human
       Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) transmit the virus through breast
       milk and the magnitude of the additional transmission risk. The
       demonstration of a dose-response effect is an epidemiological method to
       demonstrate causality. Thus, a study was carried out by the Italian
       Register for HIV Infection in Children on 961 children of known
       infection status. Duration of breast-feeding was considered as the level
       of exposure in 168 ever breast-fed children. Results showed that
       duration of practice significantly increased the risk of transmission.
       The adjusted infection odds ratio for one day of breast- versus
       exclusive formula-feeding was 1.19 with narrow confidence limits
       (1.10-1.28). In a second study by the Register on 556 children of known
       infection status and derived prospectively, an infection odds ratio of
       2.55 (confidence interval: 1.03-6.37) was calculated in breast- versus
       exclusively formula-fed children. Several lines of evidence, including
       the above-mentioned data from the Italian Register for HIV Infection in
       Children, showed a contribution of breast-feeding to mother-to-child
       HIV-1 transmission. Thus, this practice is now discouraged in HIV-1
       infected mothers living in industrialized societies where formula
       feeding is practical and attainable. Mode of feeding was known in 2183
       children enrolled in the Register and born to HIV-1 infected mothers
       since 1981. It could be observed that feeding habits of at-risk infants
       changed in Italy in the middle 1980s, when a large majority of subjects
       was identified at birth.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
 DE    Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome/EPIDEMIOLOGY/IMMUNOLOGY/
       *TRANSMISSION/VIROLOGY  Algorithms  *Breast Feeding  Comparative Study
       Confidence Intervals  *Disease Transmission, Vertical  Dose-Response
       Relationship, Immunologic  Female  Human  *HIV-1  Immunity,
       Maternally-Acquired  *Infant Food  Infant, Newborn  Italy/EPIDEMIOLOGY
       Milk, Human/*VIROLOGY  *Mothers  Odds Ratio  Prospective Studies
       *Registries  Risk Factors  Support, Non-U.S. Gov't  JOURNAL ARTICLE
       REVIEW  REVIEW, MULTICASE

       SOURCE: National Library of Medicine.  NOTICE: This material may be
       protected by Copyright Law (Title 17, U.S.Code).